n 1GVHD: Khc UnLI NI U

S pht trin mnh m ca cc ngnh cng nhip to ra mt lng cht thi v cng ln, gy mt cn bng sinh thi v nhim mi trng nghim trng, trong bao gm nhim khng kh. Hydrosunfua- H2S cng l mt trong nhng kh nhim sn sinh ch yu t cc ngnh cng nghip. Vic x l H2S c nhiu phng php khc nhau, khi p dng cn da vo hiu qu v tnh kinh t ca tng phng php. n mn hc l bc u sinh vin ngnh mi trng vn dng nhng kin thc hc tip cn vi vic gii quyt nhng vn k thut thc t mt cch tng hp. Nhn nhim v ca n: Thit k h thng x l H2S bng thp a l c ng chy chuyn vi dung mi l nc, sau gn 15 tun tm hiu, tnh ton, em bc u tip cn v thit k mt h thng x l s b. Em xin chn thnh cm n s hng dn tn tnh ca cc thy c trong Vin v cc bn sinh vin gip em hon thnh n ny. Tuy nhin, do cha c kinh nghim nn trong qu trnh thc hin khng th trnh khi nhng sai st, em rt mong qu thy c gp v ch dn.Em xin chn thnh cm n!

H Ni, ngy 21 thng 05 nm 2014.Sinh vin thc hin.

on Anh o.

MC LC1.1.Tng quan v kh H2S.51.1.1.Ngun pht sinh:51.1.2.nh hng ca H2S n con ngi v mi trng.51.2.Cc phng php x l H2S hin nay.71.2.1.X l H2S bng mui cacbonat, mui photphat (Na2CO3, ( NH4)CO3, K3PO4.71.2.2.X l H2S bng NaOH (xt).81.2.3.X l H2S bng Amoniac.91.2.4.X l H2S bng dung dch Natri thioasenat (Na4As2S5O2).91.2.5.X l H2S bng cht hp ph oxit st Fe2O3.101.2.6.X l H2S bng than hot tnh.10II.TNH TON CNG NGH.122.1.Nhim v n.122.2.S cng ngh. (Hnh 2.1).122.3.Tnh ton thit k thp a l c ng chy chuyn.152.3.1.Tnh ton cn bng vt cht v nng lng.152.3.2.Tnh ng knh thp.182.3.3.Tnh chiu cao thp.19III.TNH TON THIT B PH TR.263.1. Tnh ton bm cht lng.263.2. My nn kh:29IV. TNH TON V CHN C KH.354.1.Chn vt liu.354.2. Thn hnh tr.354.3. y v np v thit b.364.4. Mt bch ni np v y thp.384.5. Ca ni ng dn vi thit b.394.6. Chn .40VI.TI LIU THAM KHO43

I. M U1.1. Tng quan v kh H2S.Hydro sunfua (H2S) l mt cht kh khng mu, c mi c trng (mi trng thi), rt c, khng km g xyanua (HCN). H2S km bn, t tan trong nc, tan nhiu trong dung mi hu c. Trong th, nng H2S thng di 0,001ppm (1,391 g/m3), nhng gn cc khu cng nghip nng kh H2S c th ln n 0,13ppm (180,881g/m3). Ngng nhn bit bng mi ca H2S nng thp, trong khong 0,13 ppm (0,18 mg/m3) , nhng s kh nhn ra khi nng cao (trn 150ppm) do c quan khu gic b t lit.[1] 1.1.1. Ngun pht sinh:a,Trong t nhin: nh hng ca H2S trong t nhin n mi trng khng ng k, do H2S khng tch t trong khng kh, mc d mi ngy c rt nhiu ngun pht sinh ra H2S (s phn hy xc ng thc vt; phn hy cht hu c cc ao t, cng rnh; trong hm l khai thc than,b, Trong sn xut cng nghip:Trong cng nghip, ngun pht sinh H2S ch yu do cc hot ng s dng nguyn liu c cha S: trong cc qu trnh khoan hay th va, trong cc qu trnh lc v tinh ch du m, luyn cc , sn xut ure (nh my phn m H Bc),; do s phn hy cc cht hu c c tp trung thnh ngun ln: trong sn xut giy da (phn xng , phn xng cht- may, phn xng hon thin); sn xut giy (hi kh t qu trnh nu bt giy, qu trnh hon nguyn bt giy); trong nui trng thy sn (nui tm); ngm g, r r t cc h thng x l nc thi, cht thi rn;....H2S cn c thi ra t cc nh my ha cht: ti sinh si, nu thuc nhum ..H2S thi vo mi trng t cc hot ng sn xut cng nghip c nh hng trc tip n sc khe, i sng ca con ngi.1.1.2. nh hng ca H2S n con ngi v mi trng.a, nh hng n con ngi: nng thp, H2S gy nhc u, tinh thn mt mi; nng cao c th gy hn m, thm ch t vong. Nng H2S khong 150ppm s gy t lit c quan khu gic, ng h hp, nim mc v gic mc. H2S c tnh xuyn thm tt qua mng sinh hc, lm ngn chn h hp t bo. C quan ch m H2S tn cng chnh l thn kinh trung ng v h hp. Ng c H2S thng xy ra do tai nn ngh nghip.Cc triu chng ng c H2S:Ng c nh: chy mc mt, nga mt, cm gic c d vt, chy nc mi, nng rt trong mi v c hng; chng mt, nhc u, mt mi,..Ng c va phi: ngay lp tc chng mt, nhc u, bun nn, mt iu ha, ho, kh th, ngc p bc, kch ng mt, s nh sng,Nhim c nng: chng mt, nh trng ngc, kh th, ri lon thc, nn, co git, nhanh chng ri vo tnh trng hn m, ph phi, ph no, cui cng c th t lit h hp v t vong.Ng c rt nng: t ngt ng xung t, bt tnh ngay lp tc, ngng h hp tc thi, t vong trong vi pht.Bng 1. nh hng ca H2S n con ngi theo nng .[1][2]Nng (ppm)Triu chng

>1000T vong trong thi gian ngn.

700Nguy him n tnh mng, c th gy tn thng no vnh vin, cht trong vng 1 gi.

400-700Ho, suy sp, bt tnh, c th t vong.

200 300Trong vng 1 gi: ng c cp tnh.

100 200Lit khu gic.

50 100Kch thch kh qun, vim kt mc.

15Kch thch mt v phi.

10(gi tr gii hn)Gy nh hng ti thiu trong 8h.

0,41Ngi thy mi kh chu.

0,00041Bt u ngi thy mi c trng (mi trng thi).

Gi tr gii hn ca kh H2S l 10ppm. Cc hot ng khi c s tn ti ca kh H2S vi hm lng cao hn khng c php ko di qu 8 gi. Hu ht cc thng bo ch dn u nhn mnh 6-7ppm l hm lng ti a m H2S c php tn ti, nhng khng qu 12 gi. Ring trong ngnh du kh, hm lng H2S nh hng rt nhiu n cng tc khoanb, nh hng n thc vt: gy thng tn l cy, rng l, suy gim sinh trng,c, nh hng n vt liu: gy n mn nhanh cc loi my mc v ng ng dn, nh h thng ng ng cp-thot nc (do c tnh axit).d, Mt s v d v nh hng ca H2S n sc khe v i sng: Vit Nam:Nh my x l kh thi Bnh Hng, thuc cng ty TNHH MTV thot nc th HCM (huyn Bnh Chnh, qun 8, TP HCM): cht lng khng kh xung quanh khu vc nh my c ch tiu vt ngng cho php, trong c H2S: do thit k cch y nhiu nm, hot ng vi cng sut 130.000m3/ngy m, sp ti ln n 500.000m3/ngy m, cng ngh x l bn ti nh my l cng ngh h, nn nng H2S pht tn vo khng kh xung quanh ln, nh hng n i sng ngi dn.Bi chn lp Phc Hip (TP.HCM) c nng H2S vt 80 ln gi tr quy chun cho php (QCVN06-2009/BTNMT v mt s cht c trong khng kh xung quanh : nng H2S cho php l 42g/m3).Ngy 18/06/2012, 4 th ln t vong trong khoang tu Onnekas One (Malaysia) trn bin x Vnh Thanh, huyn Ph Vang, TT- Hu, nguyn nhn chnh l do hm lng H2S trong khoang tu cao gp 103 ln so vi quy chun Vit Nam. Kt qu phn tch mu khng kh khu vc bi rc ng Ngo ca s ti nguyn Mi trng Bc Ninh (nm 2013) c nng H2S v NH3 cao gp nhiu ln so vi quy chun cho php.Tn th gii: Nm 1950, ti Mexico, mt nh my ha cht thi ra v mi trng mt lng H2S trong vng 30 pht lm cht 22 ngi v 320 ngi dn ca thnh ph Pozarica b nhim c.

1.2. Cc phng php x l H2S hin nay.1.2.1. X l H2S bng mui cacbonat, mui photphat (Na2CO3, ( NH4)CO3, K3PO4. Qu trnh x l H2S bng Na2CO3:H2S + Na2CO3 NaHS + NaHCO3Thu hi H2S: 2NaHS + H2S + 4NaVO3+ O2 Na2V4O9 + NaOH + 3 SNaVO3 tham gia vo qu trnh hon nguyn cht xc tc ADA:Na2V4O9 + 2 NaOH + O2 + 2 ADA 4 NaVO3 + 2 ADA

Phng n thay th cho natri cacbonat l dng Kali photphat vi u im l tnh bn vng, phn ng vi H2S mang tnh chn la khi c mt ca SO2 trong kh thi. Sau dng hi nc lm bay hi v thu hi H2S.K3PO4 + H2S K2HPO4 + KHS

Ngoi ra, ngi ta c th dng cc mui cacbonat ca amoni hoc kali lm dung dch hp th H2S thay cho Natri cacbonat. Vi amoni cacbonat, phn ng xy ra nh sau:(NH4)2CO3 + H2S (NH4)2S + H2O + CO2.Phng n thay th cho natri cacbonat l dng Kali photphat vi u im l tnh bn vng, phn ng vi H2S mang tnh chn la khi c mt ca SO2 trong kh thi. Sau dng hi nc lm bay hi v thu hi H2S.Amoni sunfua sau khi ra khi thp hp th s c phn hy thnh NH3 v H2S. dung dch NH3 quay tr li chu trnh, kt hp vi CO2 v H2O to thnh (NH4)2CO3, v phn ng trn tip tc xy ra.

1.2.2. X l H2S bng NaOH (xt).Cc phn ng xy ra:H2S + NaOH Na2S + 2H2ONa2S + H2S 2NaHSNa2S + H2O NaHS +NaOHNgoi ra xt cn c tc dng vi CO2:CO2 + NaOH NaHCO3NaHCO3 + NaOH Na2CO3 + H2OTrong dung dch cn xy ra cc qu trnh oxy ha gp phn lm gim nh khu x l dung dch dng trc khi thi ra h thng thot nc.C th dng sa vi thay th NaOH. Lc kt ta thu c t qu trnh x l H2S theo qu trnh tng t nh trng hp dng NaOH l cht cn nho c cha CaS cn c x l trc khi thi ra ngoi.NaOH dng, cht cn nho s c x l bng Clorua vi Ca(ClO)2 oxy ha cc lin kt sunfit (dng 6,3kg Clorua vi 35% quy v cho 1kg lu hunh).Nng kim i vo thp hp th (scrub) c khng ch mc 7g/l; vn tc kh trong thp l 0,6m/s; lng NaOH hoc CaO tiu hao quy v cho 1kg lu hunh l 8kg.Phng php ny m bo kh c 100% H2S trong kh thi. H thng x l khng i hi ch to bng vt liu chng axit do nhc im ca phng php l gy n mn thit b.1.2.3. X l H2S bng Amoniac.Kh H2S bng amoniac l qua trnh rt n gin, c p dng rng ri. Trong thp hp th, H2S trong kh thi tip xc trc tip vi dung dch amoniac v kt hp vi nhau theo phn ng:NH3 + H2S (NH4)2S nhit v p sut thch hp, Amoni sunfua phn gii thnh NH3 v H2S. NH3 quay li chu trnh lm vic, cn H2S c a sang cng on iu ch axit hoc lu hunh n cht. y l qu trnh tun hon 100% dung dch hp th.

1.2.4. X l H2S bng dung dch Natri thioasenat (Na4As2S5O2).Phn ng hp th: H2S + Na2As2S5O2 Na4As2S6O + H2OPhn ng tai sinh Natri thioasenat (Na4As2S5O2):2Na4As2S6O + O2 2Na4As2S5O2 +2SHai phn ng trn xy ra rt nhanh v l cc phn ng ch yu trong hu ht cc iu kin vn hnh. Trng hp nng H2S trong kh thi rt cao hoc thi gian tip xc gia 2 pha lng- kh ko di c th xy ra cc phn ng ph, chm hn:2Na4As2S5O2 + H2S Na4As2S7 + H2O2Na4As2S7 + O2 2Na4As2S6O + 2SDung dch hp th Natri Thiasenat c chun b bng cch ha tan As2O3 v Natri cacbonat Na2CO3 trong nc vi t l mol l 1: 2 . Trong dung dch s c Natri Cacbonat v Bicacbonat, Natri Asenit v Axit Asenic, cc cht trn s phn ng xen k vi H2S v oxy to thnh Natri Thioasenat Na4As2S5O2 .Hiu qu ca h thng c th t 85- 95%.

1.2.5. X l H2S bng cht hp ph oxit st Fe2O3.y l phng php c in nht, da trn c s cc phn ng sau:Fe2O3 + 3 H2S - Fe2S3 + 3H2O 2Fe2S3 + 3O2 2Fe2O3 + 6SSau khi ha tan H2S, oxit st c ti sinh li bng khng kh (cp oxy) thu lu hunh. Tc phn ng hp th H2S ca oxit st ph thuc vo mc tip xc gia kh v b mt vt liu hp th. Do nng cao tc phn ng, rng ca vt liu hp th phi ln. rng ca oxit st thng khng nh hn 50%.iu kin tt nht ca qu trnh hp th kh H2S ca oxit st l khong nhit nm trong khong 28 300C, m ca vt liu hp th khong 30%.Fe2O3 c hon nguyn bng cc cch: Oxy ha vt liu hp ph bng oxy trong khng kh. Thi hn hp kh c cha 2-3% oxy qua lp vt liu hp ph. Nhit hon nguyn t 600 n 800oC.Hon nguyn lin tc khi vt liu hp ph bng cch b sung vo dng kh cn x l mt th tch khng kh vi tnh ton sao cho lng oxy trong hn hp kh gp 1,5 ln lng oxy l thuyt cn cho qu trnh oxy ha. Qu trnh hon nguyn s xy ra song song vi qu trnh hp ph. Khi nng H2S di 0,5% (tc di 7,5g/m3) c th s dng qung bn c cha Fe(OH)3 lm vt liu hp ph, iu kin lm vic 28-30oC, m vt liu khng di 30%.

1.2.6. X l H2S bng than hot tnh.Qu trnh hp ph xy ra theo phn ng:H2S + 1/2O2 H2O + S + 222 KJ/mol thc y qu trnh oxy ha ngi ta thm vo kh cn lc mt lng nh Amoniac (0,2g/m3)Lu hunh c gii phng ra trong phn ng oxy ha nu trn dn dn tch t trong lp than v lm cho vt liu hp th tr nn bo ha,lc cn tin hnh hon nguyn vt liu hp th bng Amoni sunfua (NH4)2S:2(NH4)2S + 6S 2(NH4)2S42(NH4)2S + 6S 2(NH4)2S4(NH4)2Sn (NH4)2S + (n-1)S tinh khit ca lu hunh c th t c 99.9 % ,cn hi ngng t li trong qu trnh phn hy dung dch l Amoni sunfua sch.Sau khi tch lu hunh ra khi than bo ha ngi ta ra than bng nc cho ti khi khng cn SO2 trong nc mi thi , sau than c sy kh dng tr li.Kt qu nghin cu thc t cho bit kch thc ht than hot tnh cng nh th ngm H2S ca than cng ln.Thng ngi ta sn xut than c c ht 1 2 mm.H thng x l H2S bng than hot tnh lm vic theo chu trnh kn vo lin tc.

Cc phng php x l H2S trn u yu cu phi s dng thm nhiu loi ha cht hay vt liu khc (than hot tnh) khin kinh ph u t ln, ngoi ra cn thi ra ngoi mi trng lng ha cht sau khi s dng, cn c thm cng on x l trc khi thi trc tip vo mi trng. tit kim kinh ph, ta c th dng dung mi l nc hp th kh H2S trong kh thi m vn m bo hiu sut cao bng vic iu chnh iu kin lm vic. Lng nc sau khi hp th d x l hn, v c th ti s dng. n ny, em xin trnh by phng php hp th H2S vi dung mi l nc bng thit b thp a l c ng chy chuyn.

II. TNH TON CNG NGH.2.1. Nhim v n.Thit k h thng hp th H2S bng thp a l c ng chy chuyn, dung mi l nc.S liu ban u:Lu lng dng kh nhim: 15000 Nm3/h.Nng cht nhim: 0,01 mol/mol.Hiu sut hp th: 85%.Nhit kh vo thp: 30oC.Nhit dung mi (nc sch): 25oC.p sut lm vic: 15at.Lng dung mi tiu tn so vi lng dung mi ti thiu l 1,3.2.2. S cng ngh. (Hnh 2.1).

2.3. Tnh ton thit k thp a l c ng chy chuyn.2.3.1. Tnh ton cn bng vt cht v nng lng.Nhit dung mi (nc) vo thp l: t2= 25.Suy ra nhit lm vic ca thp hp th: .Nhit dng kh vo thp l: t1= 30.p sut lm vic ca thp: plv= 15at, tng ng vi 14,52atm, hay plv= 11034 mmHg.Lu lng kh vo thp:

..Hiu sut hp th l: Suy ra:

Lu lng kh tr: Phng trnh ng cn bng:

Hay: H s cn bng: , trong (mmHg) l h s Henry ph thuc vo nhit cng nh tnh cht ca kh v lng.Phng trnh cn bng vt liu:

Lng dung mi ti thiu: M, theo (2.2), ta c:

Lng dung mi tiu tn:

Phng trnh ng lm vic:

Nng lng ra: .Cn bng nhit lng:B qua trao i nhit vi bn ngoi, ta c: .. Nhit lng kh ta ra:Khi lng kh: Nhit dung ring ca kh: .

.Nhit lng kh ta ra: Nhit lng lng thu vo:Khi lng lng: Nhit dung ring ca lng: Nhit lng lng thu vo: T (2.13), (2.16) suy ra nhit cn bng: Nhit cn bng chnh l nhit lm vic trong thp, v l nhit ra khi thp ca hai pha kh v lng.Chn nhit lm vic trong khong t 25 n 30, ta c bng tnh ton sau:

Bng 2.1. La chn nhit lm vic thch hp trong thp.Chn nhit lm vic 25, khi lng dung mi tiu tn l t nht, nhit cn bng khi 2 pha kh-lng trao i nhit vi nhau chnh bng 25. Nc sau khi s dng c th a vo cc b cha, ri tip tc c tun hon, ti s dng. 25, khi lng ring ca nc l: .Vy phng trnh ng cn bng: Phng trnh ng lm vic:

2.3.2. Tnh ng knh thp. iu kin lm vic:Lu lng kh vo thp: Lu lng kh ra khi thp: ..

Khi lng ring ca lng v kh:.. iu kin lm vic: 25, 15at:..Suy ra: .. Sc cng b mt ca nc iu kin lm vic[3.301]: .Hay:.Tc ca kh i trong thp[4.184]:..Trong :C- i lng ph thuc khong cch gia 2 a v sc cng b mt (xc nh theo th hnh IX.20 [4.184] vi ).- khong cch gia cc a,m (ph thuc vo ng knh thp[4.184].)ng knh thp:

Bng 2.2: Tc kh i trong thp v ng knh thp.

T bng 2.2 suy ra ng knh thp D=1,2m l thch hp. Khi :.Tit din ngang ca thp:

2.3.3. Tnh chiu cao thp.* La chn s b:Vi ng knh thp D=1,2m th s dng a c mt ng i ca lng, khong cch gia cc a thng thng s nm trong khong (0,3-0,6)m, u tin chn khong cch gia cc a t (0,3-0,45)m, nh tnh trn, ta c: Vng chy chuyn hnh vin phn (chim khong 25% din tch tit din ngang ca thp) c thit k n gin, t tn km, v to iu kin s dng hiu qu din tch ca a cho chy chuyn lng, khi , chiu di ca ngng chy trn lng thng nm trong khong 60-80% ng knh thp, vng chy chuyn lng ti mi bn ca a s chim khong t 5% n 15% din tch tit din ngang ca a.

Hnh 2.2- Thit k ng chy chuyn hnh vin phn.Chn phn knh chy chuyn sao cho . Khi chiu di ngng chy trn: .Din tch hnh qut (OAB): Din tch tam gic vung OAB: Din tch knh chy chuyn: .(: ph hp).

Hnh 2.3. Thit k s b mt a. lp a vo trong thp cn cha bng khng c l rng khong 5mm ra a, ngoi ra cng li v hai pha ngay st ngng chy trn mt khong khng c l rng 50mm lm c cu kp a v n nh dng.Chiu di bng khng c l mp a: .Din tch bng khng c l mp a: .Chiu di vng n nh dng: .Din tch vng n nh dng: .Din tch phn c l trn a (xy ra qu trnh hp th): .Din tch s b ca l: .ng knh l ph bin nm trong khong 4-12mm, chn: .Din tch 1 l: .Khi phn b l trn a theo hnh tam gic u th bc l p thng nm trong khong (2,5-4) ln ng knh l : .S l trn a: .Chiu cao ngng chy trn thng nm trong khong (80-100)mm tng thi gian lu trong thp, chn .Khong cch t mp di ca knh chy chuyn ti mt a thng thp hn ngng chy trn 13mm m bo knh chy chuyn lun ngp trong lng[2]: .Thp lm vic p sut cao (15at), dng knh a l 1,2m, nn chn b dy ca a l: .Sc cng b mt ca nc: .Tr lc sc cng b mt[4.194]: .Tr lc thy tnh[4.194]: ..Trong :Gx: lu lng lng, /h. : chiu cao ng chy chuyn nh ln trn a, m.: chiu di ca chy trn, m.K: t s khi lng ring gia bt v lng khng bt, K=0,5.m: h s lu lng qua ca chy trn: (/m.h th m=6400; /m.h th m=10000)Tr lc ca a kh[4.194]: .Trong : h s tr lc, i vi a c tit din t do ca l 10000.Chn ng lm t vt liu thp mi, khng hn c nhm tuyt i: . Chn . nhm tng i: .Tr s Reynol gii hn trn: Cht lng chy xoy,vi h s ma st:

.p sut khc phc tr lc ma st: ng ng dn cht lng vo thp hp th c mt van mt chiu ng ng ht, c h s tr lc 1=2, mt van iu chnh lu lng trn ng ng y c 2=5,3, v hai khuu 90, mi khuu c ghp bi hai khuu 45 c 3=0,38. [3.401-397-394]H s tr lc cc b: .p sut khc phc tr lc cc b: =p sut cn thit nng cht lng ln cao H0 = 6 m:

p sut khc phc tr lc trong thit b: coi .p sut b sung: coi .Suy ra, p sut ton phn:

= 1994,16 + 807,63 + 58688,13 + 14246,68 = 75736,6 (N/m2).p sut tiu tn thng ton b tr lc trn ng ng ht v ng ng y:.

.Chn bm li tm c hiu sut th tch tnh n s hao ht cht lng chy t vng p sut cao n vng p sut thp v do cht lng r qua cc ch h ca bm 0=0,9; Hiu sut thy lc, tnh n ma st v s to ra dng xoy trong bm tl = 0,8; Hiu sut c kh, tnh n ma st c kh bi, lt trc ck = 0,9.[3.439]Hiu sut bm: .Cng sut yu cu trn trc ca bm: .Cng sut ng c in: (kW) (3.3)Trong : tr hiu sut truyn ng, chn bng 0,85; c hiu sut ng c in, chn bng 0,9. > 50kW.H s d tr bm hot ng an ton l: [3.440].Khi , cng sut thc t ca ng c bm: Ntt=.Nc = 1,1. 394,536 = 433,99 (kW).3.2. My nn kh:p sut lm vic trong thp hp th l 15at, do chn my nn pittong nhiu cp a kh cn x l vo trong thp hp th.Vn tc kh trong ng ng y ca my nn trong khong 1525 m/s[3.370], chn ; chn vn tc kh trong ng ng ht l .Lu lng u vo ca kh thi: .a, Tnh p sut trc khi nn:ng knh ng ht:.Quy chun . Khi : : . 25 v 1atm, nht ca H2S v khng kh ln lt l[3.117]: .

. nht ca hn hp kh[3.85]: ..Ly . iu kin 25, 1atm: .Chun s Reynol: > 10000.Chn ng lm t vt liu thp mi, khng hn c nhm tuyt i: . Chn . nhm tng i: .Tr s Reynol gii hn trn: 10000.Chn ng lm t vt liu thp mi, khng hn c nhm tuyt i: . Chn . nhm tng i: .Tr s Reynol gii hn trn: < Re.Cht lng chy xoy,vi h s ma st:..Chn chiu di ng y l: Tn tht p sut do ma st trn ng ng y:.Trn ng ng y lp 1 van iu chnh lu lng kh c h s tr lc = 5,3; v mt khuu 90 c ghp bi hai khuu 45 c 2=0,38. [3.401-397-394]H s tr lc cc b: .Tn tht p sut cc b trn ng ng y: =Thit k chnh lch cao gia ca ra ca my nn vi ca kh vo thp l , khi tn tht p sut nng kh ln cao 1m (bn ngoi thp hp th) l:.Vy p sut sau khi nn: ...Do , nn s cp ca my nn: z = 2 cp.[3.472] nn ca 1 cp[3.471]: .(Trong : hiu sut th tch ca ton b qu trnh, ly = 1; h s tnh n mt mt p sut trong thit b lm lnh trung gian, c th ly i vi tt c cc cp.)Th tch lm vic ca xilanh[3.471]: (3.4)Trong :Q1 nng sut iu kin ht cho trc, Q1 = Vy = 4,24 m3/s. h s nhit , ly . h s kn, ly .n s vng quay, chn n=450 vng/ph (my nn nng sut trung bnh).mg ch s a bin ca qu trnh gin, mg = 1,2.a th tch tng i ca khong hi, ly a = 0,05.Vy: .Chn my nn nm ngang c con trt, dng pittong c mt ng knh vi t s S/D1=0,8.Trong : S khong chy ca pittong, m.D1 ng knh pittong, m.Ta c: Suy ra: S = 0,8D1 = 0,8 . 1,056 = 0,8448 (m).Cng nn 1kg kh t p sut thng 1atm n p sut lm vic 14,52atm[3.465]: (3.5)Trong , m l ch s a bin, thng ly m = 1,21,62[3.465], chn m = 1,5, ta c:.Nng sut ca my nn: (m3/s) (3.6)Trong , hiu sut th tch: .H s nhit : ; H s kn: ; s vng quay: n = 450 vng/ph.Ch s a bin ca qu tnh gin kh: mg = 1,2.Suy ra: ..Cng sut l thuyt ca my nn: .Cng sut thc t ca my nn kh: .Cng sut trn trc ca my nn kh: .Cng sut ca ng c: .

IV. TNH TON V CHN C KH.4.1.Chn vt liu.Qu trnh x l kh H2S (c tnh axit), lm vic p sut cao (15at) nn chn vt liu bn, v chu n mn ha hc. Do , chn vt liu l thp khng g X18H10T, vi cc c tnh k thut[4.310]:Gii hn bn khi ko: Gii hn bn khi chy: .Khi lng ring: .4.2. Thn hnh tr.Thn hnh tr ca thp hp th cao 5m, ng knh trong 1,2m. Thp lm vic 15at, do ta dng loi thn hnh tr hn.Chiu dy ca thn thp[4.360]: Trong : C h s b sung do n mn, bo mn v dung sai v chiu dy, m. h s bn thnh hnh tr theo phng dc, mi on thp c cun t thp tm, v hn h quang theo kiu hn gip mi hai bn nn c .Thp X18H10T thuc loi vt liu bn (tc n mn kim loi khong 0,050,1mm/nm), thi gian lm vic l 20 nm, ly C1=2mm.H s b sung hao mn do vt rn c th b qua: C2=0.H s b sung do dung sai ca chiu dy, chn C3= 0,8mm.=>C = C1+C2+C3 = 2 + 0 + 0,8 = 2,8 mm.H s an ton bn ca thp khng g: nk = 2,6; nch = 1,5.[3.356]ng sut ca thp[4.355]:..Trong : h s hiu chnh, c gi tr bng 1. nb, nch h s an ton theo gii hn bn v gii hn chy: nb=2,6; nch=1,5. m bo an ton, gi tr ng sut cho php l gi tr nh nht trong cc gi tr trn: p sut thy tnh ca ct cht lng trong thp: .p sut tc dng ln thit b:.Do , nn c th b qua P mu s ca cng thc trn.Chiu dy ca thp:.Chn Sth = 10mm.Kim tra ng sut theo p sut th:p sut th thy lc[4.358]:.p sut th:...4.3. y v np v thit b.Chn y v np thit b hnh elip c g, chu c p sut lm vic 15at.

Hnh 4.1. Quan h kch thc ca p elip.[4.381] (tha mn iu kin ).H s bn ca mi hn hng tm .[4.362]H s khng th nguyn: .(trong , d ng knh ln nht ca l khng tng cng, chn d=0,1.)Do , nn c th b qua P mu s ca cng thc trn.Chiu dy y v np:[4.385]. (4.2)nn i lng b sung: C = (2,8+2).10-3 = 4,8.10-3 m.Suy ra: .Chn y v np dy 12mm.Kim tra ng sut theo p sut th:...Chiu cao tng cng ca thp tnh c p v np:..Quy chun: H = 6,2 m. Khi : h = 0,05 m.Khi lng np v y[4.384]: .4.4. Mt bch ni np v y thp.Chn bch lin bng thp kiu I (bch ngoi) ni thit b hn, lm vic p sut 15at.

Hnh 4.2. Bch ni y v np (loi I).Bng 4.1. Thng s k thut ca bch ni np v y vi thn hnh tr ca thp.[4.421](N/m2)Dt(mm)D(mm)Db(mm)DI(mm)Do(mm)Bulongh(mm)

Db(mm)Z (ci)

12001460134012901219M362845

Chiu cao thn thp gm 11 a, khong cch gia cc a l 0,35m. t nh thp xung, b tr 4-3-4 a c 1 cp bch, v 2 cp bch ni y v np vi than thp. Vy tng s dng 4 cp bch.4.5. Ca ni ng dn vi thit b.ng ni l on ng ngn c mt bch ni vi ng dn; p sut lm vic 1,47.106 N/m2 th chiu di on ng ni ph thuc vo ng knh ng. C 4 ca ni c gn bch: ca chop ha lng vo- ra thp, ca cho pha kh vo- ra thp.

Hnh 4.3. Bch gn vi ca ni ng dn vo thit b.a, Ca lng vo, ra:Vn tc dng lng i trong thp: .ng knh ng dn lng vo thp: Quy chun: Khi : C dl = 350 mm, nn c chiu di on ng ni l 150mm[4.434].Bng 4.2. Thng s k thut ca bch ni ng dn lng vo- ra thp hp th[4.415]:(N/m2)Dy(mm)ngD(mm)(mm)Dl(mm)Bulongh(mm)

Dn(mm)Db(mm)Z (ci)

350377540470438M221634

b, ca kh vo,ra:Kh i trong thp ch yu qua cc l t a di ln a trn. Tc kh i trong thp:.ng knh ng dn kh vo thp: .Quy chun: dk = 0,3m. Khi : .C dk = 0,3m nn chiu di on ng ni l 140mm[4.434].Bng 4.3. Thng s k thut ca bch ni ng dn kh vo- ra thp[4.414]:(N/m2)Dy(mm)ngD(mm)(mm)Dl(mm)Bulongh(mm)

Dn(mm)Db(mm)Z (ci)

300325460450378M221232

4.6. Chn .Chn vt liu lm chn l thp CT3.Khi lng thn thp: ..Khi lng ton thp: .Khi lng nc nu in y thp: .Khi lng a: a dy 3,5mm bng thp X18H10T..Vy khi lng ti a ca thp khi lm vic: .tnh n cc chi tit ph tr, ta coi khi lng ti a ca thp l 8700 kg.Trng lng ln nht tng ng ca thp: N = m.g = 8700. 9,81 = 85347(N).Thit k chn c 4 chn, mi chn chu mt lc: . Hnh 4.4. Chn thit b.Bng 4.4. Thng s thit k chn .[4.437]Ti trng trn mt chn

(N)B mt F.104(m2)Ti trng cho php trn b mt q.10-6(N/m2)L(mm)B(mm)B1(mm)B2(mm)H(mm)h(mm)S(mm)l(mm)D(mm)

2,1 541,870,50350200250300500350208525

V. KT LUN.Qu trnh hp th H2S bng dung mi l nc c hiu sut tng i cao (85%) khi lm vic iu kin 15at, nhng tiu tn mt lng dung mi cng tng i ln (467,16 m3/h). Lng nc sau khi s dng cn c x l s b trc khi ti s dng: ti tiu, v sinh nh xng, u im ca qu trnh:Hot ng tt trong mi trng n mn.Dung mi hp th r, d tm.Kt cu n gin, vn hnh thun tin.C th kt hp ra kh, lm sch bi trogn kh thi.Nhc im: Nc hp th phi sch, trnh to cn trong qu trnh hp th.iu kin lm vic p sut cao nn cn m bo an ton trong sut qu trnh vn hnh.Trn y l ton b tnh ton ca em v qu tnh hp th H2S bng thp a l c ng chy chuyn, dung mi l nc. i km n l bn v lp ca thp a l c ng chy chuyn.Trong qu trnh tnh ton cng gp mt s kh khn do a s cc cng thc tnh ton l cng thc thc nghim, c nhng thng s vt l phi ni suy, nn kh c th tnh ton mt cch chnh xc. ng thi, do hn ch v kin thc l thuyt cng nh kinh nghim thc t, v cng l ln u tip xc vi n nn em khng th trnh khi nhng b ng, sai st. Em rt mong nhn c s gip ca cc thy c b mn.Em xin chn thnh cm n.VI. TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Trn Ngc Chn- nhim khng kh v x l kh thi tp 3.2. Nguyn Hu Tng- K thut tch hn hp nhiu cu t- tp 2.3. S tay qu trnh v thit b Cng ngh ha cht- tp 1.4. S tay qu trnh v thit b Cng ngh ha cht- tp 2.5. Nguyn Bin- Cc qu trnh, thit b trong cng ngh ha cht v thc phm- tp 1.6. Nguyn Bin- Cc qu trnh, thit b trong cng ngh ha cht v thc phm- tp 4.

SVTH: on Anh o 16

Sheet1

Nhit lm vic:252627282930H s Henry:0.4140.42380.43360.44340.45320.463Hng s cn bng:37.520438.408639.296740.184941.073041.9612Nng cn bng:0.2670.2600.2550.2490.2440.238Lng dung mi ti thiu:19905.8020377.1220848.4521319.7821791.1022262.43Lng dung mi tiu tn:25877.5426490.2627102.9827715.7128328.4328941.15Nng lng ra:0.20510.20030.19580.19150.18730.18330.20500.20030.19570.19140.18730.18330.10250.10010.09790.09570.09360.0917Nhit dung ring:1243012430124301243012430124302486.682487.042487.402487.762488.122488.472108.332110.702113.052115.382117.692119.984176.864176.544176.234175.914175.604175.294177.704177.374177.044176.704176.374176.042419.172419.922420.672421.412422.152422.88Khi lng lng:465838.118106433476867.138735144487896.159354756498925.179965873509954.200569048520983.221164783Khi lng kh:18123.3518123.3518123.3518123.3518123.3518123.35Nhit cn bng:2525.021541803225.042146189425.061873953125.080780736525.098917564

Sheet1L thuytTnh tonQuy chunDCDD(m)(m)(m/s)(m)(m)0.60.251500.09572.001821.20.354000.25531.22581.21.80.455300.33831.06491>1,80.66500.41490.96161

Sheet1XYcbYXcb H s gc ca ng cn bngH s chuyn khiS n v chuyn khiCyBCY(B)

mKymyT0.00000000.000000.0015150.0000437.5760.20080.682511.97880.000770.000770.00004000.001500.0031780.0000837.6920.20070.682251.97830.000850.002350.00005650.002120.0038700.0001037.7400.20070.682141.97810.000880.003010.00007300.002750.0045620.0001237.7880.20070.682031.97790.000920.003660.00008950.003370.0052540.0001437.8360.20060.681911.97770.000950.004320.00010600.003990.0059460.0001637.8840.20060.681801.97740.000990.004980.00012250.004620.0066380.0001837.9330.20060.681691.97720.001020.005640.00013900.005240.0073300.0001937.9810.20050.681581.97700.001060.006300.00015550.005870.0080220.0002138.0290.20050.681471.97680.001090.006960.00017200.006490.0087140.0002338.0780.20050.681361.97660.001120.007620.00018850.007120.0094060.0002538.1260.20040.681251.97630.001160.008280.00020510.007750.0101020.0002738.1750.20040.681131.97610.001190.00894

Sheet1XYcbYXcbH s gc ca ng cn bngH s chuyn khiS n v chuyn khiCyBCY(B)

mKymyT0.00000000.000000.0015150.0000437.5760.20080.682511.97880.000770.000770.00004000.001500.0031930.0000837.6920.20070.682251.97830.000850.002360.00005650.002120.0038850.0001037.7400.20070.682131.97810.000890.003010.00007300.002750.0045770.0001237.7880.20070.682021.97790.000930.003670.00008950.003370.0052690.0001437.8360.20060.681911.97770.000960.004330.00010600.003990.0059610.0001637.8850.20060.681801.97740.001000.004990.00012250.004620.0066530.0001837.9330.20060.681691.97720.001030.005650.00013900.005240.0073450.0001937.9810.20050.681581.97700.001060.006310.00015550.005870.0080370.0002138.0300.20050.681471.97680.001100.006970.00017200.006490.0087290.0002338.0780.20050.681361.97660.001130.007620.00018850.007120.0094210.0002538.1270.20040.681251.97630.001160.008280.00020510.007750.0101170.0002738.1760.20040.681131.97610.001200.00895