DIGITAL SCHOLARSHIP ON

OVERSEAS CHINESE STUDIES

数字学术与海外华人研究

Stephen Qiao 乔晓勤

Cheng Yu Tung East Asian Library

University of Toronto

2019 CDPDL, Changchun, China

DIGITAL SCHOLARSHIP IN PRINCIPLE

Digital scholarship is the use of digital evidence, methods of inquiry, research, publication and preservation to achieve scholarly and research goals. (Wikipedia)

Discovery, integration, application, and teaching are the four main aspects of scholarship. The growth of digital media means that the main areas of scholarship can each benefit from expansions of digital content. (M. Feeney, S. Ross, 1994)

Digital scholarship is often composed of born digital resources, multimedia, database, digital text and images, digital music or art, and data sets, etc. Much of this scholarship is never intended to be formally published. This form of scholarly data, presentations and dissemination represents a shift away from publishing and the kind of scholarship that we have traditionally collected and preserved in libraries, and is a natural evolution and adaptation of digital technology to scholarship. (University of Washington Libraries)

DIGITAL SCHOLARSHIP IN PRACTICE

Printed materials have been considered as major means of recording and disseminating human knowledge for centuries.

Digital media created in the last two decades in academic libraries and other institutions expend the “holdings” of libraries infinitely to offer new means of scholarship.

Availability of resources and new tools not only expend the quantity of available research data, but also create new platforms and paradigm for explanations and pattern findings.

Multi-task, multi-processing and interconnected ways of approach specific research topics are the trends in a multi-disciplinary circumstance.

DIGITAL SCHOLARSHIP IN PRACTICE II

Digital archive, networked researchers, open accessed resources, social media along with digital tools and large data sets consist the foundation for digital scholarship.

Data visualization, data and text mining, GIS & geolocation data, etc. are some of the key components of engaging digital scholarship.

The workflow and a digital scholarship may include but not limited to the follow elements:

Planning digital projects

Using specialized software and tools

Developing metadata

Understanding relevant standards

Addressing intellectual property concerns

Planning for long-term preservation

Digitizing analog materials

Considering options for presenting or publishing completed projects

DIGITAL SCHOLARSHIP & LIBRARIANS

Librarians are logical partners for digital scholarship and DH projects

Librarians have already developed the skill sets necessary to sustain and preserve

a digital archive.

Librarians have gained experiences gained creating digital repositories, creating

metadata and organizational schema for unique collections and resources.

Academic libraries can play a key role by partnering and collaborating with humanities scholars in digital scholarship and HD projects (ACRL Research

Planning and Review Committee 2014)

OVERSEAS CHINESE: A GLANCE

Top 3 countries in all continents:

Asia: Thailand 9,349,900 (2012)

Malaysia 6,642,000 (2015)

Indonesia 2,832,510 (2010)

Europe: France 700,000 (2010)

UK 433,150 (2008)

Italy 320,794 (2013)

America: US 4,947,968 (2015)

Canada 1,769,195 (2016)

Peru 900,000 (2017)

Africa: South Africa 300,000 (2015)

Madagascar 70,000 (2011)

Ethiopia 60,000 (2014)

Oceania: Australia 1,213,903 (2016)

New Zealand 180,066 (2013)

Fiji 34,712 (2012)

Total: 50 million

Ten countries with the largest overseas Chinese population (D. L. Poston & J.H.

Wong 2016)

Socio-economic conditions in China, foreign

trade are some of key driving factors of

Chinese immigration overseas in centuries.

RESOURCES ON OVERSEAS CHINESE STUDY

Scholarly research of overseas Chinese was fashionable in the 1960s with outstanding works of some leading scholars

The study has re-gain attentions of researchers in recent years

along with momentum of Chinese studies itself and abundance

of relevant resources in different formats.

Libraries, archives and other institution in many countries,

especially those ones with large overseas Chinese populations

expend their collections in traditional formats and digital medias.

ONLINE ARCHIVE OF CALIFORNIA: THE CHINESE IN CALIFORNIA VIRTUAL COLLECTION

Title: The Chinese in California Date: 1850-1925 Collection number: various Size: 2710 digital library objects (5349 items) Repository:

The Bancroft Library. Berkeley, California 94720-6000 Repository: The Ethnic Studies Library Berkeley, California 94720-6000 Repository: California Historical Society, North Baker Research Library San Francisco, California 94105-4014 Abstract: The Chinese in California, 1850-1925 illustrates nineteenth and early twentieth century Chinese immigration to California through about 8,000 images and pages of primary source materials. Included are photographs, original art, cartoons and other illustrations; letters, excerpts from diaries, business records, and legal documents; as well as pamphlets, broadsides, speeches, sheet music, and other printed matter. These documents describe the experiences of Chinese immigrants in California, including the nature of inter-ethnic tensions. They also document the specific contributions of Chinese immigrants to commerce and business, architecture and art, agriculture and other industries,

and cultural and social life in California. Chinatown in San Francisco receives special treatment as the oldest and largest community of Chinese in the United States. Also included is documentation of smaller Chinese communities throughout California, as well as material reflecting on the experiences of individuals. Although necessarily selective, such a large body of materials presents a full spectrum of representation and opinion. The materials in this online compilation are drawn from collections at The Bancroft Library, University of California Berkeley; The Ethnic Studies Library, University of California Berkeley; and The California Historical Society, San Francisco.

Mongolian miners washing [gold]

Spatial distribution of

Chinese clan association

in different times (NUS

Libraries)

CHINESE CANADIAN: EARLY SETTLEMENT & MOVEMENT (H. YU, 2015)

CHINESE WORKERS IN THE CONSTRUCTION SITES

OF CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILROAD

加拿大的早期华人: 修建太平洋铁路的华工

CHINATOWN IN BC 加拿大最早的唐人街

维多利亚的唐人街（1880年代）

温哥华的唐人街 （1904）

HEAD TAX ASSOCIATED WITH CHINESE

IMMIGRATION ACT

中国移民人头税

DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE OF CHINESE POPULATION IN CANADA

Chinese

% in Total population0

500000

1000000

1500000

18601885

19001931

19812001

2011

Chinese population in Canada

Chinese % in Total population C

CHINESE CANADIAN NEWSPAPERS

Shing Wah Daily News sample pages

in 1950s & 1980s

COMMUNITY PUBLICATIONS

RECORDS OF LOCAL CHINESE BUSINESS

ACTIVITIES

Restaurant menus collection

DIGITAL HUMANITIES IN OVERSEAS CHINESE STUDIES

Pattern change of data collecting and analysis in the overseas Chinese studies along with advance of information technology and DH

Micro and Macro levels of data computing and processing allow scholars to understand the media materials in broader context of time and space.

Utilization of resources generated from big-data set, data mining, GIS analysis have helped scholars to created large databank in related areas.

FREQUENCY OF CO - OCCURRENCE OF KEYWORD IN THE

LITERATURE OF CHINESE CANADIAN MEDIA STUDIES

海外华人媒体、加拿大 加拿大华人报纸 加拿大华人媒体 加拿大中文媒体

FREQUENT USING WORDS IN MING PAO

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

加拿大

共同

主席

政治

投票

多元

捐助

善款

身分

演出

精彩

保育

苦主

夜市

年成

策略

加深

精神

主任

致公黨

投身

图表标题

权重 词频

NEWS WORDS FREQUENCIES

THE TEXT ANALYSIS IN OVERSEAS CHINESE MEDIA STUDIES

SUMMERY

Digital scholarship and DH created opportunities for scholars and information professionals to work together engaging research projects in new scales and directions which otherwise wouldn’t be possible without digital resources and related new research tools.

Overseas Chinese studies can be ideal candidate for digital scholarship studies due to its broader coverage in time and space as well as various topics.

Using digital resources to study overseas Chinese already achieved promising results in some academic institutions both in China and other countries.

There are great potentials for Appling digital scholarship methods to expend the horizon of overseas Chinese studies in terms of multi- disciplinary approaches, utilizing more digital archival materials and deliver the research results in more flexible ways.

REFERENCES: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_scholarship

Feeney, Mary & Ross, Seamus (1994). "Information Technology in Humanities Scholarship, British

Achievements, Prospects, and Barriers". Historical Social Research. 19 (1 (69)): 3–59.

https://www.lib.washington.edu/digitalscholarship

Dudley L Poston Jr & Juyin Helen Wong (2016). “The Chinese diaspora: The current distribution of the overseas Chinese population”, Chinese Journal of Sociology, vol. 2 (3), 348-373

Henry Yu (2015). “Reviving a Lost Potential of the Chicago School of Sociology? A Century of Studies of Trans-Pacific Migrations”, Journal of Migration History, 1 (2015) 215-241

THANK YOU！ 谢谢大家！

https://east.library.utoronto.ca/

Stephen.qiao@utoronto.ca