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National Seminar

on

Digital India: Use of Technology For Transforming Society

At

Gaya College, Gaya (28th -29th January, 2017)

Dr. Sunil Kr Pandey Director (IT)

Institute of Technology & Science (ITS) Mohan Nagar,, Ghaziabad

(Affiliated to Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow)

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Paradigm Shift in

Computing Technology, ICT & its Applications: Technical, Social, Economic and Environmental

Perspective

Motivation: Internet Revolution

A boffin is British slang for a scientist, engineer, or other person engaged in technical or

scientific work.

In computers and the Internet, a geek is a person who is inordinately dedicated to and

involved with technology ‘Internet of Masses’ refers to engaging people & masses with the emergence of Social

Media applications including Face book, LinkedIn, Twitter etc.

Mobile Internet’ era refers to access to the Internet via cellular phone service provider.

There was steep rise in the use of internet by the people round the globe due to the

mobile internet.

‘Internet of Things’ refers to an era where things can be connected to each other

using internet.

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Shift in Paradigms

Past few decades, in the context of Information Technology

(IT), word have witnessed a paradigm shift from:

• Mainframes to Tablets to Mobile Devices.. Wearable Devices

• Our interactions with the devices have shifted from Batch

Processing (mainframes), Time-Sharing (minis), Personal

Computing (PCs), to Mobile Computing (laptops, tablets, smart

phones) and now to Clouds & Wearable Computers we are talking

about.

• Interconnectivity & Communication of Devices (Things) – Internet of

Things (IoT)

• In each generation, the infrastructure, the way we interact with

these computers, and how we use these, have been changing

unprecedented.

• The arrival of web have changed the model of building applications

by enabling everyone to become a content producer.

How the Technology is Impacting!

It is evident from the fact that:

in 1930, it used to take about 70 years to double the worldwide

information

in 1970 it was reduced to 30 yrs, and

it is projected that by 2020, this will take place at every 9 Hrs.

In this scenario, amount of data is being posed is enormous and

our conventional methods of storage, manipulation and analysis are

being challenged very frequently

This is posing the new challenges of:

developing newer algorithms

processing tools

storage and access methods

To cope up with this increased volume of data without compromising

with the quality and performance of the applications.

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Digital India Digital India is no longer an initiative by the government, it has

evolved into a revolution, a movement.

The Digital India is an ambitious program initiated by Govt.

of India with an objective to digitally empower the

citizens of the country by creating a competent IT

enabled infrastructure and delivery of services and

product effectively & efficiently.

This initiative have potential to transform the society, if

properly followed with ground work including:

Laying down appropriate infrastructure

A mechanism to apprise and

make aware the targeted segments of society

ensuring timely, accurate and successful delivery of services

to make sure that users have a next time use experiences as

a measure for trust and confidence building.

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Contd… There have been positive signs from the Industry and

leading organizations have come forward to support this

initiative and they have announced encouraging support:

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S.

No.

Company Amount to

be invested

Purpose

1 Govt. of India 1,00,000 Crore to transform the country into a digitally empowered knowledge economy

2. TCS To hire 60,000 Professionals to implement DIP

3 Reliance Jio Rs. 2,50,000 Crore Infocomm

4 Reliance

Group

Rs. 10,000 Crore To create 05 fully operational Cloud Xchange points that "can help

government departments access 240 times the amount of compute power

currently available in government data centres, and over 6 times the high-

speed storage currently available in India.

5. Bharti

Enterprises

$ 16 Billion as part of the Digital India campaign and will start manufacturing in India

to reduce the import burden

6 Vedanta Rs. 4,000/- Crore to expand fibre and cable manufacturing capacity

7 Bilra Group $ 2 Billion for network rollout & enhancements, broadband implementation and Wi-

Fi deployment.

8 Idea Cellular $ 7 Billion

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Opportunities

Apr. 01, 2008 10

Internet of Things: a glimpse into the future

Estimation is that by 2020

there will be 50 billion

connected devices!

Anything that will be

benefit from being

connected will be

connected!

There will be 40 times more

devices than people on the

Internet in 2020.

70 Years of Computer Technology

90% of all

computers

shall be

Embedded and

Invisible

5) Intelligent

Environments

4) Embedded

Computers

3) Smart Phone

Smart Card,

nPA

Zeit

2000 2020 1980 1960

Smart

City

1) Central

Computer 2) PC,

Notebook

1

Computer

Many

Users

1

Computer

1 User

1 User

Many Computers

M2M

Communication

1941

SMAC (Social Media, Mobility, Analytics, Cloud)

• Cyber Security

• Megatrends are large, transformative global forces that

impact everyone on the planet.

• Several International Organizations (UNESCO, OECD,

CoL), think tanks ( Gates Foundation, Brookings Institute,

Hughes Foundation) and corporate ( McKinsey, EY, Deloitte)

keep a watch on these.

• I have identified twelve megatrends about the future of

computer technology that we will discuss today.

The Megatrends: Future Technology

Digital India: Transforming Society

Education - Digital Learning/ e-Learning

Health -

Agriculture

Media

Transportation

Communication

Businesses

Governance

Banking & Finance

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Figure 1: Megatrends in computer technology

BIG

MACHINE INTELLENGENCE

MEGATRENDS Digital Manufacturing or 3D PRINTING COMPUTATIONAL

THINKING

MOBILE COMPUTING

VIRTUAL REALITY & AUGMENTED REALITY (VR & AR)

INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT)

ROBOTS AND DRONES

Block Chains

SMAC (Social Media, Mobility, Analytics, Cloud)

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Top-10 Skills in 2020

Multi-Model

Interaction

Facial Expression

Body Language

Combining all Senses :

Getting Rid of Keyboard and Mouse

Biometrics

Physical Action

Speech

Graphics

Gesture

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the gigabyte equivalent of all movies ever made will cross the global

Internet in Every 2 Minutes in 2020

Mobile business Internet shall 47% of Total Business on Internet

It would take an individual more than 5,000,000 YEARS to watch the

amount of video that will cross global IP networks each month by 2020

By 2020, M2M connections will be 46% of the total devices & connections.

M2M connections will be the fastest-growing category, nearly 2.5-fold during

the forecast period, to 12.2 billion connections by 2020.

Smart Phones will grow the second fastest, at 13% CAGR (increasing by a

factor of 1.8).

Connected TVs will grow nearly next fastest at 12% CAGR, to 3.1 billion by

2020.

PCs will continue to decline (about a 2% decline) over the forecast period.

However, there will be 1.35 billion PCs versus 785 million tablets) by 2020.

An Internet-enabled HD television that delivers 45 MINUTES of content/ day

from the Internet would generate as much Internet traffic as an entire household

today.

By 2020, Desktop video conferencing and business mobile LBS will be the

two fastest-growing business services globally, with 21% and 18% respectively.

Some Interesting Facts

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Frequency of DDoS attacks has increased more than 2.5 times over the

last 3 years. — Arbor Networks

458% increase in the number of times hackers searched IoT connections

for vulnerabilities. — AT&T

Spear-phishing campaigns targeting employees increased 55% last year.

— Symantec

Malware attacks nearly doubled to 8.19 billion, with Android ecosystem

being the prime target. — Dell

There’s a 221% increase in compromised WordPress sites. — Cisco

89% of all cyber attacks involved financial or espionage motivations.

— Verizon

How is Data Being Breached?

Remote Desktop 3% Instant Messaging 3% VoIP 4%

Routing Control Packets 4% Peer to Peer 4%

Windows Management (WMI) 4% Images or Video 5%

SSH/VPN 6% Email 10%

File Transfer Protocols 15% Web Protocols 16%

Some Interesting Facts

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Future Trends in Technology 2018-27

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Table: The Cisco VNI Forecast—

Historical Internet Context

Year

Global Internet

Traffic

1992 100 GB per day

1997 100 GB per hour

2002 100 GBps

2007 2,000 GBps

2015 20,235 GBps

2020 61,386 GBps

Source: Cisco VNI, 2016

Figure: Global Devices and Connections

Figures (n) refer to 2015, 2020 device share.

Source: Cisco VNI Global IP Traffic Forecast, 2015–20

Technology Ahead

Over the next few years, we can expect different trends which will

include:

BigData

Cloud Computing Environment

Location awareness

Context awareness

Quantum Computing

Augmented Reality etc.

IoT (Sensors and little devices start talking to each other and to

mobile devices and to the cloud)

Photonic Computing

DNA Computing

To leverage these emerging trends, we need to keep close watch on

these developments and understand the challenges these

developments are posing on us.

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3D Printer

Quantum

Computing

Augmented Reality DNA Computing

IoT

Context-Aware Computing

Contd…..

Apr. 01, 2008 24

Digital Fabrication and 3D Printing

•

3D printing or additive manufacturing is a process to make a three-dimensional object.

•

Successive layers of material are laid down under computer control.

•

These objects can be of almost any shape or geometry, and are produced from a 3D model or other electronic data source.

•

A 3D printer is a type of industrial robot.

•

Wikipedia article :

http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_printing

ICT & Environment ICTs, fundamentally affect the way people live and work and how goods and services are

produced and delivered.

Green ICTs are those that have positive impacts on environmental performance and

ecosystems, either :

directly by reducing physical and energy inputs in their production use, disposal

and recycling or

indirectly through their wider application and use in other equipment and systems.

ICTs and their applications can have both positive and negative impacts on the

environment. For example:

reductions in greenhouse gas emissions associated with ICT applications to improve energy

efficiency in buildings

transport systems or electricity distribution must be balanced against increased emissions

resulting from their development

production and operation and potential environmental degradation associated with their

uncontrolled disposal

They offer opportunities to significantly improve environmental performance, but at the same

time the proliferation of electronic equipment and applications increases energy

consumption, exhausts scarce resources, and increases disposal and recycling challenges.

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Levels of ICT Impacts on the

Environment

1. Direct Impacts:

Direct impacts of ICTs on the environment (“first-order effects”)

refer to positive and negative impacts due directly to ICT goods

and services and related processes.

Direct environmental impacts of ICT products come from ICT

manufacturing and services producing firms and related

intermediate goods producers, and from final consumers and users

of ICTs.

ICT producers affect the natural environment during ICT goods and

services production and through related operations (e.g., operating

infrastructures, building functions, vehicle fleets and logistics).

All of these production operations can have more or less environmental

impacts.

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Contd….

Consumers can choose energy-efficient and certified

“green” ICT equipment over other products.

At the end of a product’s initial useful life, they can

choose to return equipment for re-use and recycling,

adopting “cradle-to-cradle” approaches to their

purchase and disposal of ICT goods and services.

This lowers the burden on the natural environment

compared to disposal in a landfill, incineration or

uncontrolled dumping in developing countries.

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Integrated Circuits are

Everywhere

Engine Control

Climate Control

Dashboard Display

Chassis Electronics

Lighting

Door Modules

Fuel Injection Entertainment

Safety Control

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An issue of concern – The Power Consumption

Desktop consumption has reached 100 watts

Total Personal Computer (400 million) energy usage in 2000 = 26 nuclear power plants

2.4 Billion Computers in 2013 = How much energy usage ???

Power is the bottleneck of improving the system performance

Power consumption is causing serious problems because of excessive heat.

Water Cooled Computer (www.water-cooling.com)

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The Current Situation

Energy provisioning is arguably the most important business, geo-political, and societal issue of our time

Global Warming is influencing policies and laws which require energy usage and greenhouse emissions to be measured and controlled

The cost of energy and increases in IT power requirements present significant expense, supply, and handling challenges for data centers

•“Intelligent Energy” Dr. Bernard S. Meyerson, IBM Fellow, VP Strategic Alliances and CTO, IBM

Systems & Technology Group, on ASE – Great Energy Efficiency Day, February 14, 2007 - Washington,

DC

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Power Consumption

As circuit speed increases, power consumption grows

Designing low power circuits has been the most important issue

Mobile applications demand long battery life

Low power consumption is listed as the second greatest challenge for the industry

Power Consumption by Desktops

A desktop uses an average of 200 W/hour when it is being used

(loudspeakers and printer included). A computer that is on for eight

hours a day uses almost 600 kWh and emits 175 kg of CO2 per year.

A laptop uses between 50 and 100 W/hour when it is being used,

depending on the model. A laptop that is on for eight hours a day uses

between 150 and 300 kWh and emits between 44 and 88 kg of

CO2 per year.

In stand-by mode the power consumption of both a desktop and a

laptop falls to about a third. This contributes to the 'vampire draw' of

your household.

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Year Desktop* Laptops* Tablets*

2016 103.5 154.7 182

2015 113.6 163.1 208

2014 133.85 174.28 230.1

2013 134.4 180.9 219.9

Millions*

What we can do?

Do not use Computers? ????

Can we afford to do this?

Energy-efficient Computers

What we can do as a Application

Developer –

Develop energy efficient Algorithms

Develop energy-efficient Programs

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Green Computers - Energy efficient

Machines are now need of the Hour

CPU Intel i3 Third Generation

consumes 35W

CPU Intel i3 Fourth Generation

consumes 15W

CPU Intel i5 Fifth Generation consumes

15W

CPU AMD 6402 consumes 15W

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Power Consumption & Data

Centers

On an average the world’s Data Centers use 30 billions watts of electricity – equiv. To 30 Nuclear Power Plant

One single room in Datacenter contains 100 Racks

1 Rack = 5 to 20 kW One of the contributors to

the 2000/2001 California Energy Crisis This caused an 800% increase in wholesale prices from April 2000 to December 2000 The estimated cost of crisis was $40 to 45 Billion.

Internet

Racks

Client

“Intelligent Energy” Dr. Bernard S. Meyerson, IBM Fellow, VP Strategic Alliances and CTO, IBM

Where are the web

pages you browse?

Data Center

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Green Computing

In order to achieve sustainable computing, we need to rethink from a “Green Computing” perspective.

Green Computing: Maximize energy efficiency

Reduce of the use of hazardous materials such as lead

Maximize recyclability of both a defunct product and of any factory waste.

“Green Computing” in view of energy efficiency at the nanometer scale - design low power consumption integrated circuits at 180nm and below.

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A Perfect “Green Computing”

Example A super low-power “processor”:

800x faster

1000x more memory

3000x less power

The average reaction time for

humans is 0.25 seconds to a

visual stimulus, 0.17 for an audio

stimulus, and 0.15 seconds for a

touch stimulus.

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A super low power

“Processor” Modern Processor made by

hundreds of PH.D. researchers (The MOS transistor was built from

Silicon, the pre-dominant atom in

rock and sand, after processed in a

high temperature.)

Human Brain

( containing 100

billion neurons,

each linked to as

many as 10,000

other neurons.)

Speed 2.0 GHz Equivalent to

1,700 GHz

processor

Memory (Source: Oracle Corporation:

http://library.thinkquest.org/C0015

01/the_saga/compare.htm,

computer vs. brain)

100 GB 100,000 GB

Power (Source: UC Berkeley, EE241

class)

45 mW/cm3 15 mW/cm3

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Energy Usage of Data Centers

2006: $15 Billion for energy usage

Impact of 10% Reduction of Power

Consumption of Data Centers

• $15b x 10% = $1.5 billion in savings

• 200 x 10% = 20 million tons of CO2

• 4 million cars (Number of cars that would have to be taken off the

road to reduce the same amount of CO2 emissions.)

http://www.westportnow.com

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200 M tons of CO2= CO2 produced by 40 million cars

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What can we do about

power?

Understand all levels of the computer

Understand where power is dissipated

Think about ways to reduce power

usage at all levels

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Where does power go?

Power Breakdown of an Itanium 2 Processor

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Thank You!

Prof. Sunil Kr Pandey Professor & Director (IT)

Institute of Technology & Science

Mohan Nagar, Ghaziabad, India

E-Mail:

sunilpandey@its.edu.in

sunil_pandey_97@yahoo.com