DiFranza et al Unger et al Zoe, Jesse, Matt, Syrah.
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Transcript of DiFranza et al Unger et al Zoe, Jesse, Matt, Syrah.
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DiFranza et al Unger et alZoe, Jesse, Matt, Syrah
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DiFranza et al● SES● Parents● Peers● Genetics- further research ● Advertisements
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Design● 681 7th grade students (12-13 years
old)● 7 different schools● Followed over one year ● Information of tobacco use obtained
through confidential interviews with children
● Nicotine dependence was measured from when they first smoked
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Aim● Find evidence of correlation between
exposure to tobacco (and nicotine) promotion and overall use by children
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Hypothesis● The earlier that kids are exposed to
smoking, the more likely they are to become addicted to it.
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Social Implications● Peer pressure to begin smoking● Causes a higher risk of being addicted
to smoking● Socio Economic Status plays a role● Parent’s influence
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Psych Implications ● The earlier the age that kids start
smoking at is more dangerous because they will become addicted earlier.
● Children’s brains and how they are developed.
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Strengths and Limitations● (-)To what extent do parental influence
and SES play a role in it? ● (-)Children can lie in the interview● (+) Seems to isolate cause and effect
o Complete way of approaching hypothesis
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Mnemonic Device K- Keep away from nicotine and cigarettes I- It hurtsD- Death/Don’t start
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Unger et al● China● Younger children (middle schoolers)● Why they were influenced to smoke ● Chinese culture and how it promotes
smoking
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Design● Surveys were given to middle school
and high school students and their parents
● 6 different cities● The survey was given again a year
later
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Aim● Find evidence supporting which
factors influence why young children (in China) begin to smoke
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Hypothesis● Cultural factors influence why people
start smokingo Male or Femaleo Ageo Culture
(China vs. Western Nations)
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Social Implications● Culturally more accepted in China● Males were more likely than females
tohave smoked in the past 30 days
● Parents have big influence on their kids smoking habits
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Psych Implications● Compares Western Nations to China and the
amount of smoking at young ages● Males had a higher number of predictors
(likelihood that they would start smoking) compared to females.
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Strengths and Limitations● (-) Did not factor in social situations ● (-) Did not consider the effect of
multiple influences● (+) Outlines a correlation
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Mnemonic DeviceU- Underaged smokers was the focus of the studyN- Not only adultsG- Gender; males had a higher risk E- Everyone could be pressuredR- Results showed that smoking was influenced by social situations
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Connections (Both Studies)● Bio: Nicotine and the addiction that
affects the body● Cog: Further research- is the brain
altered more as a young child?● Socio: Mainly focuses in on the peer
pressure
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Works Cited"Tobacco Promotion and the Initiation of Tobacco Use: Assessing the Evidence for Causality." Pediatrics. Pediatrics, 1 June 2006.
Web. 1 Dec. 2014.
Unger, Jennifer B. "Influences Affecting Adolescent Smoking Behavior in China." Nicotine & Tobacco Research. Nicotine &
Tobacco Research, Apr. 2006. Web. 2 Dec. 2014.
Research, Health Education, Theory &. Practice, Vol.14 No.6 1999, and Pages 751–7. "Attitudes toward Anti-tobacco Policy
among California Youth." Attitudes toward Anti-tobacco Policy among California Youth: Associations with Smoking Status,
Psychosocial Variables and Advocacy Actions 14.6 (n.d.): 751-63. Oxford Journals. Web. 2 Dec. 2014.