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DIFFERENT FORMATS OF CITATION

OUTLINE

Today's Discussion

INTRODUCTIONBNT Style AMA Style APA StyleChicago: Author-Date Style Chicago: Humanities Style Harvard: Australian Style Harvard: Author-Date Style MLA Style Vancouver/ICMJE StyleGraphic Representation of the Names of Different Citations

Citation styles and forms that support research findings vary greatly depending on disciplines and requirements.

Data used to cite electronic sources is not yet standardized. Some of the most widely used styles of citation are:

INTRODUCTION

Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (ABNT) is responsible for the maintenance of technical standards in Brazil.

InstructionsNames: Last name in capital letters, followed by first and middle initials (separated by periods).

·Titles: The first letter of the first word of titles of articles, books and book chapters is capitalized.

Dates: The day and year of publication must always beindicated in Arabic numerals. The month must be given in abbreviated form.

ABNT STYLE

Example:Budge, E. A. Wallis. The dwellers on the Nile. New York: Dover, 1977.For more Details: http://www.abnt.org.br/

AMA stands for American Medical Association.

Since 1960s, AMA has been issuing a style manual for its scientific journals.

InstructionsNames: Last name is followed by first and middle initials without space or periods.

Titles: Names of periodicals, titles of articles, and books are capitalized headline style excepting for prepositions and common conjunctions.

Dates: Use the order: month day, year.

AMA STYLE

American Medical Association Manual of StyleExample: Saver, Cynthia. Anatomy of Writing for Publication for Nurses. Indianapolis, IN: Sigma Theta Tau International; c2011:31-33.

The American Psychological Association (APA) has established standardized methods for citing electronic and print sources used in research.

InstructionsNames: Last name is followed by first and middle initials. They are separated by periods.

Titles: Capitalize only the first letter of the first word in titles of articles, books and chapters.

Titles of periodicals are capitalized headline style excepting the prepositions and conjunctions.

APA STYLE

Dates: Use the order: year, month day.

Example: Nightingale, J., & Twain, M. (2008). Tom Sawyer. Long Island, NY:

EDCON. For More Details: http://www.apastyle.org/

The Chicago Manual of Style is used by writers in the publishing field.

InstructionsNames: Author names appear as they do on the title page. For the first author, last name comes first, for the subsequent authors’ names, it is the first name followed by last name.

Titles: Names of periodicals, titles of articles, and books are capitalized headline style excepting for prepositions and common conjunctions.

CHICAGO: AUTHOR- DATE STYLE

Dates: Use the order: month day year.

Example: Grazer, Brian, and Charles Fishman. 2015. A Curious Mind: The Secret to a Bigger Life. New York: Simon & Schuster.

For More Details : https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org

InstructionsNames: Author names appear as they do on the title page.

For the first author, last name comes first, for the subsequent authors’ names, it is the first name followed by last name.

Titles: Names of periodicals, titles of articles, and books are capitalized headline style excepting for prepositions and common conjunctions.

Dates: Use the order: month day, year.

CHICAGO: HUMANITIES STYLE

Example:Frank, Anne. Anne Franks Diary. London: Royal National Institute for the Blind, 1970.

Formore Details: https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org

InstructionsNames: First and middle initials without periods or spaces follow the last name.

Titles: The first letter of the first word of titles ofarticles, books and book chapters is capitalized.

Dates: Use the order: day month year.

Example: Singer, MC 1990, Human resource management, PWS-Kent Pub. Co., Boston.

HARVARD: AUSTRALIAN STYLE

This citation is used for books in the social sciences and natural sciences.

InstructionsNames: Last name followed by first and middle initials (separated by periods).

Titles: Names of periodicals, titles of articles, and books are capitalized headline style excepting for prepositions and common conjunctions.

Dates: Use the order: day month year.

HARVARD: AUTHOR-DATE STYLE

Example: Kuhn, Thomas. (1962) 2012. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, 50th anniv. ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

MLA citation format applies to every source type. It stands for Modern Language Association.

InstructionsNames: The name of the first author is inverted (last name first), subsequent authors’ names are listed as first name followed by last name.

Titles: Names of periodicals, titles of articles, and books are capitalized headline style excepting for prepositions and common conjunctions.

Dates: Use the order day month year.

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MLA STYLE

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Example:Nightingale, Jacqueline, and Mark Twain. Tom Sawyer. EDCON, 2008.For more Details: https://style.mla.org/

The ICMJE style is used by many biomedical journalsincluding the Annals of Internal Medicine, British Medical Journal (BMJ), The Lancet, and PLOS Medicine.InstructionsNames: First and middle initials without periods or spaces follow the last name.

Titles: The first letter of the first word of titles of articles, books and book chapters is capitalized.

VANCOUVE R/ICMJE STYLE

Dates: Follows the order: year, month day. Names of the month are shortened to the standard 3-letter abbreviation without a period.

Example:Halpern SD, Ubel PA, Caplan AL. Solid-organ transplantation in HIV-infected patients. N Engl J Med. 2002 Jul 25;347(4):284-7.

For more Details: http://www.icmje.org/

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GRAPHIC REPRESENTATION OF THE NAMES OF DIFFERENT CITATIONS

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