Dịch Học Tinh Hoa

C Thu Giang Nguyn Duy Cn

DCH HC TINH HOA

Sch tham kho

NH XUT BN THNH PH H CH MINH 1992

DCH HC TINH HOA C Nguyn Duy Cn

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Trong nhiu nm qua, ni dung o to ing cn b l lun hu nh ch b hp trong cc b mn khoa hc Mc-Lnin, cha coi trng vic nghin cu cc tro lu khc v tip nhn nhng thnh tu khoa hc ca th gii. Hu qu l s ng ccn b l lun thiu hiu bit rng ri v kho tng tri thc ca loi ngi, do kh nng pht trin b hn ch.

Nghin cu mt cch ton din v c hthng t tng H Ch Minh. ng thi ch trng nghin cu nhng tinh hoa tr tu ca dn tc.

i vi nhng hc thuyt khc ngoi ch ngha Mc-Lnin v x hi, cn c nghin cu trn quan im khch quan, bin chng.

Nghin cu mi quan h gia truyn thng vhin i, gia pht huy bn sc vn ha dn tc vi tip thu tinh hoa vn ha th gii, nhng vn pht huy nhn t con ngi, v o c, li sng, t tng, ngh thut, tn gio, dn tc trong iu kin pht trin nn kinh t hng ha nhiu thnh phn v m rng giao lu quc t.

ng pht huy t do t tng, to mi iukin cn thit cho hot ng nghin cu v cc mt cng tc khc trn lnh vc l lun.

Trch Ngh quyt ca B Chnh tr CSVN v cng tc l lun trong giai on hin nay

(S 01/NQ-TW 28-3-92)
http://nhansinhquan.vn/


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MC LC Li nh xut bn ............................................... 6 Ta ..................................................................... 12 Li mt ngi c sch .................................... 13 LI NI U................................................... 18 CHNG I ....................................................... 42

- Sch Chu Dch ........................................ 43 - Ni dung v tc gi ................................. 46 - A. Ph hiu .............................................. 46

o Th t cc qu .............................. 61o Cng dng cc qu ....................... 63

- B. Vn t ................................................. 67 o Ni dung v tc gi ca Dch Kinh

........................................................ 67 o Ni dung v tc gi ca Dch truyn

........................................................ 69 o Tc gi ca Thp Dc truyn

........................................................ 72 - Cc phi ca Dch hc ........................... 76

CHNG II ...................................................... 82 A. Thi cc v Lng nghi ......................... 83

o m trong Dng, Dng trong m .................................................................. 93

o ng li i v, Ln xung 95o m Dng khng u mi .......... 98

B. T tng .................................................. 101 C. Thi cc, Lng nghi, T tng .......... 107


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- H ....................................................... 113 - H v Ng Hnh ............................... 121 - H v Tin thin Bt qui so snh vi

Lc Th v Hu thin Bt qui ............ 123 - Lc Th ................................................... 131 - Lc Th v Hu thin Bt Qui ........... 140

CHNG III .................................................... 142 - Dch l g .................................................. 143

1. Bin dch............................................. 144- L bin ha ...................................... 147 - Lut tng tng, tng cu ........ 152 - Lut tch tim .................................. 157 - Lut phn phc ............................... 159

2. Bt dch .............................................. 1613. Gin d ................................................ 166

- Ph ch .................................................... 173

CHNG IV .................................................... 178 A. THI ....................................................... 179 B. TRUNG CHNH ................................... 183

TM KT LUN ............................................. 206

PH LC v PH CH I. T Tin thin qua Hu thin Bt qui . 211 - Thuyt ca Bi Th Bch Trm ............. 216 - T Tin thin qua Hu thin ................. 222


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II. S quan h ca phng hng i vi conngi ........................................................ 229

Ph ch - Thiu Dng, Thi Dng, Thiu m, Thi

m ............................................................ 234 - Vai tr ca kh m .................................. 236 - Cm tng cc hc gi Ty phng i vi

Kinh Dch ................................................ 239 - Thuyt thin nhn tng hp ca dch

.................................................................. 241 - Ti sao m Dng m khng Dng m

.................................................................. 253 - Dch l nht nguyn lun l cc hu Thi

cc .......................................................... 255

KYBALION ...................................................... 266

Ph ch (Chng II): - T tng .................................................. 271 - S chnh lch ca m Dng ............... 272 - Lut m Dng ...................................... 274

Ph ch (Chng III: Dch l bin) ................ 278 - Dch v o Trng xun bt lo .... 278

Ph ch: 2 ch TRUNG CHNH ................... 285

THUT NG KINH DCH ............................ 287

Ph ch: Lc Th ............................................. 291 - Cc con s trong Dch ............................ 292


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LI NH XUT BN

Chng ta tham kho, tm hiu trit hc, vn ha Trung Quc, n v ca cc dn tc phng ng, nghin cu, nhn thc nghim tc vn ha v bn sc ca dn tc Vit Nam hnh thnh v pht trin qua 4.000 nm lch s, chn lc, tip nhn tinh hoa vn ha ca nhiu dn tc khc nhau, c bit l cc dn tc lng ging, nhm bo v, khng nh v pht huy di sn, truyn thng ca cha ng li, mt nhim v trng i bc thit hin nay ca chng ta, trn bc ng i mi, m ca. p ng yu cu ny, chng ti ln lt gii thiu nhiu cng trnh su tm, phin dch, nghin cu cng phu ca cc c Phan Bi Chu, Phan K Bnh, Ng Tt T, Nguyn ng Thc, Toan nh, v.v

Tip theo chng ti trn trng gii thiu vi bn c mt cng trnh ln na ca C Thu Giang Nguyn Duy Cn: Dch hc tinh hoa.

thay cho li ta v ln ti bn b sch qu ny, chng ti trn trng gii thiu vi bn c ton vn bi vit sau y ca Gio s Nguyn Ln Dng, nhan u xun c Kinh Dch, ng trn tp ch Kin thc ngy nay, s 80, ra ngy 15-3-1992:


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c my ngy ngh Tt, ti ngi c say sa cun Kinh Dch do NXB Thnh ph H Ch Minh mi cho ti bn (1991).

c mi khng hiu, li c li, ch hiu thm cht t nhng cng c cng thy khm phc ngi xa, khm phc trit hc ng phng, khm phc s uyn bc ca dch gi c khi Ng Tt T (1894-1954).

Ha ra lu nay ta qu say sa vi trit hc Ty phng m t ch n trit hc ng phng. Trong khi ngi dn thng tuy t hc, t hiu bit nhng phn ln u tin tng v lm theo khng t nhng li dy ca cc v thnh hin phng ng.

S bin ng gh gm ca chu u gn y, s hng thnh mt cch t xut ca khng t quc gia chu lm cho nhn loi khng th khng ch nhiu hn n trit hc phng ng. Vn minh chu tr thnh ti hp dn i vi cc nh nghin cu ca rt nhiu nc khc nhau.

Khng phi khng c l khi c Phan Bi Chu coi Kinh dch l nhn sinh quan v v tr quan ca nhn loi. C cho rng ng nh tinh thn ca Kinh Dch: Bnh ng, i ng l chn tnh, l hnh phc ca nhn sinh, tinh thn quy c c trt t o c l l cng bnh ca con ngi. Nhng t duy ca Khng hc nh khng s dn ngho m ch s phn chia khng u (Sch Lun ng) hoc tnh k trm nm khng g bng trng ngi (Sch Hn th) v sau c Bc H nhc li v pht trin thm. M


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hnh pht trin ca Nht Bn v ca bn con rng chu c coi u l c ng lc tinh thn ca o Khng.

Kinh Dch c t bao gi, n nay vn chng ai hay bi v t i vua Phc Hy tng truyn bt u c Kinh Dch m ng vua thn thoi ny xut hin cch y hng hng nghn nm hay hng vn nm cha c g chng thc. Ch bit rng tri qua hng nghn nm, khng bit bao nhiu v thnh hin b sung, l gii, m rng, o su cho Kinh Dch tr thnh mt tc phm l lng, va uyn thm, va mnh mng, va c th, bao hm mun l, khng g khng c, c nhiu cng c, c t cng hay, v ch i cu lm thnh mt o l. i nh Tng, khi vit li ta cho vic xut bn Kinh Dch, Trnh Di phi tht ln Thnh nhn lo cho i sau nh th c th gi l tt bc!.

K cng l tht, ngi xa cho rng: Trong khong tri t c g? Ch hai ch m dng m thi. Chng l nhn th l ngha, chng cng l mm, chng tha l thiu, chng nam l n, chng trn l di, chng trong l ngoi, chng thnh l suy, chng tin l lui, chng mn l nht, chng nng l mt, chng nhanh l chm.

Trong hot ng ca con ngi, m dng lun bin ng song vn to c th cn bng nh s t iu chnh ca c th, nu khng s sinh bnh. Trong hot ng x hi, ci th ca n l dch, ci l ca n l o, ci dng ca n l thn, m dng khp ng l


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dch, mt khp mt ng l bin. Dng thng tha, m thng thiu, khng bng nhau th s sinh mun vn bin i. o trong gm tri ny ch l thin c nhng ci thi ci c ca mi ngi mi lc l khng ging nhau. Phi hiu su sc tu, t, tr, bnh th mi qun l c x hi, mi gi gn c giang sn.

Cng c Kinh Dch ti cng thy khng th c vi v nh xem tiu thuyt. Nn c dn tng on vo lc yn tnh, lc tm hn yn , thanh thot th o l mi lu thng, ngha tnh mi bao qut. Khng T bo l phi hc Dch (ch khng phi c Dch) k tht ch l!

Nhng thi gian qu t, hc vn c hn nn hp th cha c bao nhiu, ch thy l th m vit nn nhng dng ny, mong nhiu ngi tm mua, tm c. Tic rng sch in qu t (1000 bn) gi bn qu cao (60 nghn ng),liu my ai mua c c c?

Xin nu ln vi iu tm c khi bc u hc Dch.

Trong qu Kin c li Kinh: Thng h v thng, phi vi t d: tin thoi v hng, phi ly qun d (ln xung bt thng, khng lm iu xu, tin lui khng nht nh, ng xa ri qun chng). Trong qu Trun c li Kinh: Tuy bn hon ch hnh chnh d. Di qu h tin, i c dn d (tuy gian trun c ch s lm nn, l ngi hin chu di k hn nhng ri s c dn tin). Trong qu Mng c li Kinh: Li dng hnh nhn, d chnh php d


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(dng php pht ngi gi nghim php lut). Qu Nhu c li Kinh: Nhu, hu phu, quang hanh, trinh, ct, li thip i xuyn (Mm mng nu c lng tin s sng lng hanh thng chnh bn l tt c li cho vic vt sng ln). Qu Tng c li Kinh: Tng nguyn ct, d trung chnh d (Trong th nghe khng lch, chnh th xt x hp tnh)

Trong thi bui ci ng ci sai cn ln ln, ngi tt ngi xu cha tng minh, kh chung kh ring y ry, nhng ci gc ca dn mi mi l tt, ng li i ln c m, ti mong sao mi ngi hng ngy c cht thi gian bnh tm c Kinh Dch, nghe li ngi xa m ngm chuyn ngy nay, nghe li thin m trnh iu c, nghe li nhn m lm iu ngha.

Khng hiu c phi l mt iu mong c qu sc khng?

Nh xut bn TP H Ch Minh


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HN VN

Khng hc Dch, lm g r c ch u mi ca To ha.

Dch m thng th s l trong vn vt t thng. Cha tng thy cha thng. Dch li thng c ci

l ca s vt.


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TA

Ti do chi phng Nam, tnh c li gp c Bo Quang T Thu Giang NGUYN DUY CN ti vin Kho c Si Gn lc ng va son xong quyn DCH HC TINH HOA. Nhn dp, ti c v bc CC QUANG TRNG BT QUI trao cho ng nh ng hong dng o php. Ti khng vit sch cng khng dy hc, nhng vn ch trng rng: vn hc, s hc, trit hc khng th tch ri nhau ra. Trit hc v S hc cng mt th m khc li nhn, cho nn ti hy vng Bo Quang T s m trch cng vic ln lao ny l ng ra t chc mt TRIT S NG THAM HIP HI thch ng vi xu hng tro lu tp hp ca thi i. Hoc c ai hi ti, c thuyt g sp ra khng? Xin tha: Ti v Bo Quang T trc tht ging nhau v i th, khc nhau v tiu tit m chung quy vn i n ch tng ng.

Bo Quang T thm su trit l, ngy m suy cu khng bao gi chn, hong o khng bao gi mt mi v vit ra b sch Tinh Hoa ny, dng ngi bt vo su ra cn m trc t c o l huyn diu n ch tim di mc ha hu ph bin n tn nhn gian, cng c tht l v lng

Ngy trng cu nm K du (1969), Cc Quang T1 lm ta bi ny.

1 Cc Quang T l mt hc gi Trung Hoa rt tinh thm Dch l. Ti hn hnh c ng tng cho bn tho mt b sch ca ng son


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Li ca mt ngi c sch

Chng ti nng lng ch i t lu quyn DCH HC TINH HOA ca ng Thu Giang Nguyn Duy Cn. S d c s nng lng ch i l v vn bit s quan trng ca Dch, ng thi li rt mun c c mt quyn sch v Dch va gi c nguyn vn tinh ty ca mt nn hc c truyn, va c trnh by mt cch rnh r gin d theo phng php mi. (ng Thu Giang nh c c mt nn hc c m thu trit c cc khoa hc c truyn, li cng nh s c nn hc mi ca Thi Ty m t n s dn gii v cch trnh by rt sng sa khoa hc, nh ng chng t trong cc quyn Trang T Tinh hoa, Lo T Tinh hoa, Pht hc Tinh hoa v o hc Tinh hoa ca ng trc y).

S ch i cng thm c phn nng ny, khi chng ti phi c c nhng sch v Dch xut bn trc gi m ch hiu rt t mt cch l m, - khi m chng ti c nghe cc cu chuyn rt ng k v Dch nh chuyn c nhng nh bc hc Trung Hoa v khoa nguyn t nh Dch m ot gii Nobel, - chuyn c nhng ngi nc Php nc c sang Vit sang Tu tm hc Dch, - chuyn c nhng nh bch hc Ty phng p dng Dch vo k thut, v chuyn c c sinh vin, trong mt dng h chuyn v T vi, ch nh trong mt vi gi nghe ng

xong. Sch y c nhan CC QUANG T S K KHOA HC TN GII, gm trn 300 trang ha, vit bng ch Hn.


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Thu Giang ging v Kinh Dch ti ging ng i hc Vn khoa, bng thu trit c tt c nhng ci huyn b v khoa hc l s m gi s t m mm sut i cng khng ra.

S quan trng ca Dch t nm trc y ch l mt ci g m h trong u c nhiu ngi, d l hng ngi rt ham hc. T ngy pht sinh ra khoa hc nguyn t, nhiu cn bn hiu bit ca ng phng c khoa hc Ty phng cng nhn, cng nh t ngy u M nn nng nghin cu Dch hc, nc nh mi c nhng phong tro tm hc nhng khoa c truyn by lu b lit vo nhng khoa huyn b d oan, nhng phn ln u b khng li, l do v s kh c, kh hiu ca Kinh Dch, mc d ngi ta tin rng Dch l mt ci g cn bn cho mi s hiu bit ca loi ngi. Ngi ta cng tin rng, sau ny vi phong tro m rng, ngi ta s c hiu dn dn cht t. Phi chng ch l mt k vng? nu khng ni l o vng.

Nh nhiu ngi, chng ti hiu rng Dch khng phi ch l mt th trit l sung, m l cn bn cho tt c cc nn trit hc v khoa hc ng phng. Cn bn li khng phi v suy tng m c, v ci g do suy tng thng thng m c, m chc chn phi bt ngun t mt cuc ha ng v nhp th ci Tm ca con ngi vo ci Tm ca V tr (m ng Thu Giang gi l thin nhn hp nht), vo thi k nguyn thy, khi m con ngi cha b lc hng v li suy lun ring t phin din nh nguyn ca mnh.


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Chc chn l phi c nhng con ngi nguyn thy em ci tm v tr ca mnh ra mi cm thy c ci cn bn siu hnh ti thng y.

Ly ch Dch ra m suy, c ngi bo rng c g l! Dch tc l chuyn bin, l i thay, th ai cng vy, nht l Ty phng li phi thy r v thu hiu hn ai ht. Th nhng Dch li u phi ch c nh th m thi. Dch cn t n nhng hin tng siu vit hn, gip cho ta thy r trong ci bin c ci bt bin, v chnh ci bt bin ch huy ci bin. Ngha l trong ci ng c ci tnh, hay ni cch khc, ng trong ci tnh v tnh trong ci ng: tnh v ng khng bao gi ri nhau. Dch l tng i lun, th tng i dn vo tuyt i: c hai l mt. Tri t bin i m c Xun, H, Thu, ng, nhng lut vn hnh khng thay i, nn nhp vn hnh lc no cng nh mt.

Th ri, t ch thu trit c s vn hnh trong v tr theo nguyn l duy nht, con ngi thu c mun ngn l v nhn sinh, khng phi ch thch ng vi v tr sng, m cn hiu l tun hon ca sng cht, p dng cc lut bin ng vo tng vic lm ca con ngi, xt on tng lai bt ngun vo cc vic trong hin ti v qu kh.

Vi v-tr-quan t cn bn trn Dch, ngi ta mi lun ra cc kha cnh cho mt nn nhn sinh hp nht vi lut vn hnh ca v tr t trong np sng ca c nhn sng trong x hi ngoi ngi, sng trong ci nhp sng chung ca thin nhin vn vt. Cng


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trn cn bn ca Dch, ngi ta mi thu t c nhng kha cnh b him trong nhng khoa hc thng gi l huyn b nh cc khoa Y, Bc, Tinh, Tng ca ng phng huyn b.

Khi hiu c ra rng m Dng tuy hai m mt v trong m c Dng, trong Dng c m cng nh trong ha c phc, trong phc c ha, ht B n Thi, ht thnh n suy, Dch l ng m ng trong ci tnh con ngi bao gi mi hiu ra c ci chn tng ca s vt, bit hnh ng ng mc, ng thi, nht l khi ngi l bc cm quyn tr nc, lo cho s tn vong ca dn tc, hoc ngi ch l mt ngi thng mun sng ra l sng, mt ngi lm n lng thin, mt ngi v, mt ngi chng, mt ngi cha, mt ngi m, mt ngi con, mt ngi anh, mt ngi em Dch khng phi ch nu ln l m Dng trong v tr, Dch cn em lut v tr t thnh o sng cho con ngi. Ch cao siu ca Dch l th.

Ngy nay, Ty phng bit n Dch v sng bi Dch qua ci nhn ca nhng nh trit hc, cc nh khoa hc v k thut, th ngi Vit Nam cng nn hiu bit Dch t trong cn bn c truyn khi phi v tnh, trong tay ang cm b la, li i xin mi la cc nh lng ging.

Nh c DCH HC TINH HOA ca ng Thu Giang m bit c Dch, m hiu c Dch, cn g thch th bng m ngi vit ra my dng ny khng th khng ni ra. Nhng hiu c Dch n ni cn


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bn l mt vic, m bit p dng trong cc mn hc khc li l mt vic khc, rt kh. u phi ai cng lm c iu . Chng ti ch mong ng Thu Giang s cn cho ra tip nhng sch khc v Dch. Ngoi ra chng ti cng mong ng tip tc cho ra nhng sch nhn xt v lch s, x hi v vn hc qua ci nhn ca Dch l m ng thc hin t lu trong nhng tc phm v vn ha v gio dc ca ng trc y.

TRN VIT SN


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LI NI U

Kinh Dch i vi hc thut Trung-Hoa qu l mt k th gm nm c tt c mi nguyn l sinh thnh v suy hy ca vn vt. C ngi bo: Dch, qun qun kinh chi th (Dch l quyn sch u no bao qut tt c mi kinh sch ca nn vn hc, ngh thut v khoa hc ca Trung Hoa). C ng nh vy.

Nhng c Dch l rt kh. Kh nht l s quan trng ca Dch khng phi

l Li m Tng v S, khng phi Tng v S m l : ti ngn ngoi, nh Chu-Hy ni trong Dch thuyt Cng lnh: Phc-Hy vch ra 8 qu, tuy ch c my nt m bao qut c ht mi l huyn vi trong Tri t. K hc hiu c Li th ch hiu c phn thin cn, m khi no hiu c phn Tng mi mong t n phn tinh thm diu ngha ca n m thi. Tht vy, c c Li mi t n ch khng li ca sch Dch. Trnh-Di ni: Tin nhn v m truyn Li, k hu hc li c Li m qun ; Dch v vy m tht truyn t lu.

Dch l bin. Ngha chnh ca n l th. M vn t li thuc v tnh gii, khng lm sao biu din c ci ng cc k mau chng ca o. Bi vy, m cht trong Li l cha bit c Dch. Dch kinh l mt th kinh v t.

Hn na, Dch c ngha l bin v bin hai chiu xui ngc, th vi u c nh nguyn l tr ch suy


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ngh c mt chiu thun hay nghch, khng lm g c ni mt cu kinh Dch2. Tho no c khng bit bao nhiu ngi th nhn khng sao chu ni s m m y mu thun ca kinh Dch, nn b bt buc b n gia ng, mc d thng nghe ni n danh ting ca n. Dch, v vy m b xem nh ch lm mt b sch bi ton, v ngay thi xa bn Trung Hoa nh c hiu nh th nn mi trnh c nn la Tn. n ngy nay, trong dn gian cng nh trong hng tr gi, Dch vn cn c hiu ch l mt b sch bi khng hn khng km. Mt s ngi, hiu c nhc im hin thi ca a s con ngi ang sng khoc khi ca mt ngy mai m tt, x vo con ng bi ton, khng phi tm hiu s tht m ch tm an i sng cm hi trong nhng thi nhiu nhng khng tin khong hu ny. Tin d oan thnh mt nhu cu tm l, cho nn phong tro bi ton c lan rng mt cch ng lo ngi. i! Kinh Dch s b bn thy bi mu ra li dng m cht, nhng cng nh bn h m n cn sng vt vng n ngy nay! Ci d hay ca n l . Sau y ti s bn qua dng ca tin nhn dng sch Dch l sch bi ton. l ti cha ni n ci tinh thm linh diu ca mt khoa hc m ngi xa gi l khoa hc tin tri tin gic, ci m Lo-T bo: bt xut b nhi tri thin h! Ti s

2 T nh ni thng, phi hiu rng thng m ging. Cn ni ging, phi hiu rng ging m thng; danh t no cng cha mu thun ca n.


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bn n n. Trong mt khi khc v mt ni khc, trong quyn o gio sau ny. Ti ch xin lu nhng ai cha tng nghin cu n ci gi l khoa hc tin-tri tin-gic m li vi vng cn c vo khoa hc gn cho n l d oan cho ri vic, thay v tm nghin cu k, nn nghin ngm li cu ni ny ca nh tonh hc i ti H. Pioncar: Php vn. Chnh l ch m Dch bo: Thn d tri lai. (Phng on trc khi chng minh! Ti c cn nhc li vi qu v rng, chnh nh th mi c c nhng pht minh quan trng chng?)

Theo chng ti, Dch c hai b phn: hnh nhi thng hc v hnh nhi h hc. Dch cng gm c hai ci hc nh nguyn v nht nguyn. Bi vy, Dch chng nhng l mt b sch trit l siu hnh v huyn nhim ca Huyn hc Trung Hoa, n cng l b sch trit l khoa hc (philosophie de la Science) ca bt c khoa hc no ca Trung Hoa nh Y-hc, Thin-vn-hc, a-l-hc, Ton-hc, S-l-hc, v.v v c nhng khoa hc gi l huyn b na.

Ngy nay, c mt s nh bc hc Ty phng kh ng bit khai thc n, v bit dng n khoa hc gii thch n. Mt s ngi chng ta reo mng v kinh Dch c Ty phng khoa hc chp nhn v ca tng. H c l. Nhng, theo ti, gi tr tht s ca kinh Dch u phi ch nhng g n c khoa hc Ty phng hin i chng nhn, m chnh nhng g m khoa hc hin i ca Ty phng b tay khng khai thc ni: ti mun ni n


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gi tr huyn nhim thing ling ca n ni tm linh con ngi. Ci m phn ng cc khoa hc gia Ty phng hin i khai thc c ch dng phn kinh nh h ca n m thi. Ch mt s nh, t khoa nguyn t hc m rng bin gii hu hnh v v hnh, v c l sau ny, kinh Dch s c phng php nghin cu khoa hc Ty phng gip cho n c mt b mt thit thc v khoa hc, d hiu hn cho tt c mi ngi, Dch s khng cn mt b mt huyn b nh xa na. S cng tc chn thnh gia ng-Ty sau ny l ni y.

c dch kh, nh ni trn y, v Dch chng nhng ch c mt ngha, m cn nhiu ngha. Dch l bin m cng l bt bin. Hay ni mt cch khc, Dch l ng: ng trong ci tnh. Bi vy, Triu-Khang-Tit mi bo: T ch bin m bit c ch bt bin, mi c th bn ti Dch. Tht vy, m Dng l cn bn ca mi cuc bin ng, nhng m Dng li chng phi hai, tuy trong thc t r rng l hai. Kh l ch . m l tnh, Dng l ng. Nhng m trung hu Dng cn; Dng trung hu m cn3, th trong Tnh c gc ng, trong ng c gc Tnh. Bi vy, Lo-T mi khuyn ta d dt: Ha trung hu Phc, Phc trung hu Ha. Lut ny c th gi l lut quan trng nht: lut Phn Phc. Ton th b Dch ch ni i ni li ci c ci lut y m thi. Trong 64 qu, khng qu no khng

3 Bc s Jules Rgnault khuyn co cc nh khoa hc u Ty ngy nay: Php Vn


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c tng n lut Phn Phc. Th ly qu Phong (Li-

Ha Phong) lm mt v d in hnh. Phong l ni v thi cc thnh, vy m Thon, Ho, Tng u xu l phn nhiu, li rn e li cng nhiu. L v mm ha thng np trong phc: phc nh, ha nh; phc to, ha to. L trong thin h, bt c trong trng hp no, c nhn hay ton th, h tnh cc th ci triu suy vong nm sn ni trong ri. Cng nh mt tri lc ng bng, th no cng sp x; mt trng lc trn y, th no cng khuyt ln (nht trung tc trc, nguyt doanh tc thc). Phong l thi cc thnh, vy phi lo n ci c suy sp n. Cho nn gp thi Phong, tuy ng mng m cng ng lo. Nhng, ng lo nht l lc cc thnh, ngha l khng phi lo thnh m lo qu thnh. Cng nh c l thng, nhng ng lo nht l lc qu c 4. H c doanh (trn y)thi phi lo h (thiu ht) sp ti, gp thi tiu (mn ln) l cng nn hy vng thi tc (n ra) sp n. S vt u nh th, th vic ngi cng chng khc hn. Bn ch doanh h tiu tc tip ni nhau nh mt m mt Dng: nht m nht Dng chi v o. Bn ch ny, Thon truyn ch c

ni qu Phong v qu Bc. qu Bc , o

4 Lo-T khuyn ta: Cng thnh pht c, th d bt kh (Hn Vn) m tr ci bnh ca qu Phong, qu Thi. Dch rt s khng long hu hi l v thi cng tc chit v doanh bt kh cu (Kin qui). Bi vy, c thng t tht thi (Hn Vn). Nhng lc c nn ngh n nhng lc khng cn c na.


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ngi qun t ang tiu h, nhng m c ci c doanh tc cng lc y m sinh ra. Vt cng tc bin l lut cn bn ca Dch. Cho nn, trong tiu h ng sinh lnh chn nn. Thi Phong, l n lc tc doanh nhng m cng chnh l lc tiu h bt u sinh ra. Tm li, thi Bc (tm ti nht) trong ngm cha tc doanh; thi Phong (sng sa nht) bn trong cng ngm cha tiu h. c Dch, ch cn c n cc qu Thi, qu B, qu Bc, qu Phc cng thy r ci l thnh suy, tr lon tuy do l tri m cng ct ni ngi. Ton th b Dch u nh th: c Tri m cng c Ta. Tri y, l lut t nhin: thin nhn tng ng.

Dch l, v vy c kinh quyn, c lc thng lc bin Thnh nhn hc Dch, theo li c m pht minh c ngha mi, nu c bo bo theo st vn t, cu n m chng bin thng, khng sinh c g mi c, s khng bao gi hc Dch ni. Dch l ni v l sng. Ngi cu n l k cht: cht trong qu kh, cht trong khun kh. Nht hi nim xut, nht hi xun (Mi ln ni ra, mi ln mi).

Vit tp sch ny, ti nghin cu rt nhiu sch v xa cng nh nay, sch ngoi quc cng nh sch trong nc. Nhng c nhiu ch, ti khng theo sch li theo ring, c khi li qun c sch na tiu ha sch, nhng bao gi cng c gi ng theo nhng nguyn tc cn bn v truyn thng ca Dch. D nhin khi bc b, bao gi cng nn ln l do. V mi nh mi c s gii thch theo s kin ca mnh.


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Theo bn thng k cc sch bn v Dch t i Chu n i Thanh c 158 b, 1.761 quyn ch l c lng. c c tt c, ta phi in u. Phi lc li, v gi ly ci phn tinh hoa. c sch m tin sch mt cch m qung, th ng c sch cn hn.

Dch l tng i lun: m, t n u phi lun xu: Dng, t n u phi lun tt. Tt xu, k tht u do hai ch Thi v V m ra. Cng nh khng c g gi l Thin, ci g gi l c mt cch tuyt i. Ty cng dng ca n, trt t v tr nhn sinh m c chia phn Thin c. Phn cn bn ca Dch l im ny, m cng l im cc k quan trng, v n nh tan c ci thnh kin ca nh nguyn lun chp c hoc chp khng, ni theo danh t nh Pht.

Thi, l thi gian; V, l khng gian. m tuy c tnh cch thp km, tiu cc, cn Dng c tnh cch cao qu, tch cc, nhng trong 6 ho tng trng 6 thi, nu c c v, ng v th tt, m tht v hay bt ng v th xu. Ton 64 qu, thnh nhn lun v s kit hung u cn c vo hai ch THI v V m nh tt xu, ch t n khng c ci g tuyt i xu, cng khng c g t n lun lun tt. Ni v cng nhu, mi th u c ch thin v bt thin ca n: lc ng phi dng cng, th ly cng lm thin. Lc cn phi dng nhu, th ly nhu lm thin. Ch c trung v chnh mi khng c ch bt thin m thi. Hn Vn. (Cng nhu cc hu thin, bt thin. Thi ng dng cng, tc d


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cng vi thin d. Thi ng dng nhu, tc d nhu vi thin d. Duy trung d chnh tc v hu bt thin d). Nhng ci gi l chnh khng nh ci thin ca ch trung, v c chnh cha t c trung c trung th khng bao gi khng chnh. T nh, su ho u c c v v tt iu l tt c: c v cn cn phi c trung . o l trong thin h tuy c nhiu vic, nu cho l chnh th vn chnh, nhng li v hoc bt cp, hoc thi qu m thnh ra bt trung. Bi bt trung nn ch thnh bt chnh. qu Kin bn n ci c ca ngi qun t gi l long c c vit: long c nhi chnh trung gi d Hn Vn ngha l c ca ngi qun t (v nh con rng)nu c c trung mi c gi l long c. V vy, Dch thng chung hai ch chnh trung.

Vn m Dng hay Thin c ca Dch l mt vn v cng quan trng. Thin c m dng sai, khng ng thi ng ch, khng cn thin na. Hn na Thin hay c nh Dng hay m vn cn thit cho trt t v tr, ng theo o Tri (thin o). Thin c giai thin l (Hn Vn) nh Trnh-Minh-o ni: m Dng ng ng v bnh ng. Bn h Nho khng lm g hiu ni. Nh o hc n Anrobindo Ghose, trong quyn Hraclite, c vit: Trong trt t chung ca o, mi s vt u theo cng v ca mnh trong gung my chung m hnh ng; ty cng v v gn gi qun bnh, s g vic g xy ra u tt, hp l, v p c chnh ngay


26

trong cng vic n thi hnh nhng mng lnh t nhin ca To ha. Ngay nh cuc th chin, theo ngi ny th cho l cuc tn bo, d nam, kh , th m i vi ngi khc th y bit u l mt vic hay v n m u cho mt s canh tn y trin vng cho s b tc ca x hi ngy nay. Nhng cng ch l quan nim tng i nh nguyn ang ng gia ci c v ci Thin la chn mt bn no. i vi Thin l m nhn v mt qut ca Thin c, mi mt hnh ng no bt c Thin hay c u l l Tri c, nn u c xem l tt p v hp l, d nhin l i vi TRI (o), ch khng phi i vi tr c con ngi5. Cng nh tt c mi cuc i bin t nhin u l nhng cn thit ca To ha gi qun bnh6. C hiu c ci tng i lun c bit ny ca Dch, ta mi c th vo c mt cch d dng hn thuyt tng i c o ca Trang Chu, mt th tng i lundng i thng vo tuyt i lun, ch khng phi th tng i lun ca nh nguyn7.

Phi tht hiu r bn ch THI, V, TRUNG, CHNH th c Dch mi thng. Ngi qun t khng dng ng thi, t khng ng ch, s khng dng c ch no ht. Tri li, k tiu nhn m t 5 Php vn. 6 Php vn. Nhng cuc cung phong v bo phi chng l nhng ng bin ca kh Nng Lnh (Ly Khm, Dng m) trn khng trung lp li qun bnh mt cch qu mnh bo. Cc cuc chin tranh m mu c tnh cch cch mng cng mt th. 7 V vy c ngi gi l Siu tng i lun.


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ng ch, dng ng thi, tiu nhn vn c dng. Dch khng ni th phi, Dch ch ni v l li hi, kit hung m thi. L v Dch ch trng n t nhin, gn vi Lo-Trang hn gn vi t tng Nho gia ch trng nhiu v mi tng giao gia ngi v ngi.

Qu Tiu Qu , li Thon c cu: Nhu c trung, th d tiu s kit d. Cng tht v nhi bt trung, th d bt kh i s d. Trong qu Tiu qu, ho 2 v 5 l hai ho c trung. Nhng c hai u l ho m. Theo thng l, m l hng tiu nhn. D m nhu (tiu) m c trung, th lm vic nh c thnh cng. Tri li, lm vic ln phi c ti (dng) v Dng c c v mi lm c vic. Nhng y, hai ho Dng u tht v c, li chng c c trung, lm sao m ng vic ln cho ni?

V s quan trng ca ch Thi trong kinh Dch, nn mi c cu: Chu Dch nht b th, kh nht ngn nhi t chi, vit THI. Ton b Chu Dch, c th tm c mt li, l ch THI m thi.

D c n 64 qu, ch c mt c mt ngu m thi. Nhng v hai ch Thi v V khng ng nhau mi c ci bin v cng ca s vt. Con ngi cng vt, ch c mt ng mt tnh, nhng v Thi v V khng ng nhau mi sinh ra v s o l khc nhau. S d gi l dch, chnh v th. (Hn Vn)8.

8 Lc thp t qui ch th nht c nht ngu, n nhn s ng chi thi, s c chi v bt ng, c hu v cng chi s bin; nhn ch th nht ng nht tnh, n nhn thi v bt ng, c hu v cng chi o l. Th s d vi Dch d.


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Trc khi c Dch cn c mt lung mt thng quan, nm c mt s nguyn l cn bn th c Dch mi c ch hng th v th dng. Tuy sau y, ti ch trnh by mt cch s lc, nhng c th tm gi l va cho cc bn mi bt u khi b hoang mang trc mt rng t tng y mu thun, nhng l nhng th t tng bao trm m Ty phng ngy nay gi l pense plantaire, ch khng phi mt th t tng duy l phin din v mt chiu ca Ty phng l tr.

Trit hc kinh Dch l mt th trit l v cng ht sc thc dng, v ngay trong cng vic bc ph cng u l c hi nhc nh con ngi ci lut phn phc, tc l ci o tri tin thoi, tn vong nhi bt tht k chnh ca bc thnh nhn tinh thng Dch l. D l c qu tt hay xu, d l hi n qu hay khng hi n qu, d ch c Dch trong lc thanh nhn nghin cu, th qu no cng lun lun ch ni ln cho cc bn ci lut phn phc, tiu trng, nhc ta cu phc h ha chi s phc, ha h phc chi s , ch ng m no cho ci o tri tin thoi, tn vong nhi bt tht k chnh nh va ni trn y. Khng mt qu no, d Thi hay B, d ch hay Tn, d K t hay V t u c c nhng li rn e nhn nh. Bt c mt qu no, h di xu th trn tt, di tt th trn xu, khng mt qu no hon


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ton tt hay hon ton xu9. Vic trong thin h i u nh th c. Dng ca thnh nhn tht l thm diu v cng. D thi no, ng cng v no, may hay ri, khng nn lc quan m cng chng nn bi quan. Dch gip ta lun lun gi c tinh thn im m.

* 1. Vt c cng mi c bin, nhng tim bin

ch khng t bin, ngha l phi n lut tiu trng. Phm m tiu th Dng trng, Dng tiu th m trng. Thi B, m trng dng tiu, tc l lc tiu nhn thnh, qun t suy, ngi qun t phi n mi khi b hi: thin a b, hin nhn n. l o minh trit bo thn ca Dch, h ring g ca nhm o gia.

Ho Dng sinh qu Phc, n lc cc thnh mi n qu Kin. Ho m sinh qu Cu, n lc cc thnh mi n qu Khn, phi u vic mt sm mt chiu. Ti m th vua, con m git cha, nguyn do u phi mt sm mt chiu. N t t m n nh vy!. Cho nn vic g cng phi lo phng b ngay lc u: phng lon hn tr lon.

Lut tiu trng do lut phn phc, cho nn Dch khng ch trng tin m ni bin. Bin ha gi, tin thoi chi tng. [Hn Vn]. (Bin ha, ch l ci tng ca s tin ri thi.). Ngy i,

9 C khi phi t m khng lm cho t; c khi phi tn m li lm cho khng tn, cng u sai vi ci o Dch vi ch thi. Cho nn t hay tn, t n khng c ci no hay hoc d c.


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m ti; m n, ngy lui: nht m nht dng chi v o. l bi hc th nht ca Dch, bn v ci l hp tan, tan hp.

2. m Dng p i nhau m tc dng, cho nnkhng c vic c m hay c dng: Dng d m vi c; m d Dng vi xng [Hn Vn] (Dng ly m lm nn; m da theo Dng m theo. Bi Dng xng m ha, nn khng c vic ly Dng m tr m hay ly m m tr Dng mt cch tuyt i. Ch c vic dng Dng hay m c ch ln nhau hu lp li qun bnh nh Lo-T bo: Thin chi o, tn hu d, b bt tc. H m thnh th c m ph Dng, Dng thnh th c Dng ph m, ch khng bao gi c ci vic cao ci ny ph nhn ci kia, bt c l Thin hay c. Dch khng phi l sch lun l thng thng, nn khng ni phi quy m ch ni li hi. i vi thin o, chng bao gi m dng thiu mt pha m thnh s; v nhn s, chng bao gi qun t v tiu nhn thiu mt bn m thnh vic. Quan h l tiu trng bn no: dng trng th m tiu th thin o n hi Thi, nhn s thng. Tri li, nu m trng dng tiu th thin o n cn B, nhn s bt thng (b).

Dch ly thin o hiu nhn s [Hn Vn] tc l ni v ci l thin nhn hp nht, o ngi v o tri khng ri nhau, lun lun tng thng tng hp n khp vi nhau nh mt (thin nhn vi nht). l bi hc th hai ca Dch: thun thin gi tn, nghch thin gi vong. Nhp sng ca con


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ngi phi ha ng cng nhp sng ca v tr thin nhin: Nhn php a, a php Thin, Thin php o, o php T nhin.

3. V lut tiu trng, c Dch cn lu nho T, Ng, Lc ca thng qui, v l lc s vt bt u sang qua giai on thnh cc: c cng (cc) mi c bin. Ci tt bt u tng n ci xu, ci phc bt u m p ci ha. T Thi qua B cng bt u t ho t. Cho nn, ho t qu B tr ln gi l B cc. B cc th Thi lai l vy. Cn phi nh rng: qu c qu ni (ni qui) v qu ngoi (ngoi qui). Ni qui hay ngoi qui l biu th s thnh thnh, suy hy hay thnh, tr, hoi, khng) ca mi s vt. Ni qui th biu th s thnh, thnh th ngoi qui biu th s suy hy v tri nghch li.

Php nhn Bt-qui-, phi bt trong nhn ra. Phn cn vi trung cung l phn ni (phn cn bn); phn bn ngoi l phn ngoi, l phn ngn: ni vi ch, ngoi vi khch. Ghi qu th bt di ghi ln; c qu th bt trn c xung. V con s trong Dch, th con s nh l thiu (nh) thuc v thi sinh, con s ln trng thuc v thi trng, con s ln hn ht lo l thi cc thnh. Cho nn con s 1 l mnh nht Tin-thin-Bt-qui, k n l s 3; s 1 l Thiu Dng, 3 l Thi Dng. S 2 l Thiu m, 4 l Thi m. S 6 l Lo m, s 9 l Lo Dng.


32

Cc qu v vy, nu xu phn u (ni qui), th tt phn sau (ngoi qui); tt phn ni qui th xu phn ngoi qui. Bi vy, thng ch vi mng, m i thng phi lo, v nh Hraclite ni: nhng i thng l nhng i bi (les plus grandes victories sont les plus grandes dfaites). Thi qu bao gi cng nguy. l bi hc th ba ca Dch: Thi cng tc chit (ht sc cng th gy).

4. Dch l t nhin, v d l nhn vi cng philm ng theo l t nhin. Ngay s chng li t nhin theo t nhin cng l t nhin10. Cho nn mi ni: Dch d thin a chun11, v hoch tin nguyn hu Dch12. Ngha l Dch khng phi lut l ca con ngi ch tc, m l nhng lut l t nhin ca To ha. Trc khi c Dch, l ca Dch nm sn trong s vt ri. Lo-T bo: Nhn php a, a php Thin, Thin php o, o php T nhin. (Ngi theo t (m), t theo Tri (Dng), Tri theo o, o theo T nhin). Bi vy, mun tr v vi T nhin, vi o, phi theo s bin ha ca m Dng, phi ty Tm thi tng Mt, phi thc r ci g thuc v nhn vi m sng vi n nhng khng b kt vo n na, mi mong i n s phc

10 Goethe ni: Php vn ( Ci g i nghch nht i vi T nhin li cng cn l T nhin. K no khng nhn thy n trong tt c mi kha cnh, khng thy c n u c. Nghch li vi T nhin cng l tun theo nhng quy lut ca n; hnh ng theo n khi ta mun lm nghch li vi n). Tht l mt nhn xt su sc khng khc g nhn xt ca Dch. 11 Dch ly Tri t (m Dng) lm php tc. 12 Trc khi vch ra thnh qu, Dch nm su trong To ha.


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k chn m sng huyn ng vi thin nhin to vt. l bi hc th t ca Dch.

* Nhn trt t ca cc qu trong Chu Dch, ta thy

t cc qu Kin Khn l u no cc qu, ta phi tri tm qu (Trun, Mng, Nh, S, T, Tiu sc v L) mi n qu Thi l hanh thng. Nhng khi va qua qu Thi, li tip lin qu B, tc l b tc. Phi chng y l mt chn l m Dch mun ch cho ta thy: Thnh rt kh m bi v cng d dng v mau l, nh tng to m chng Sisyphe phi lun lun y ln nh ni cao ri khi gn ti nh li rt ln tr v di vc: mt cc hnh kh sai chung thn, khng phi ring g ca chng Sisyphe, m l ca ton th loi ngi13.

Trc ci lut phn phc y, ci lut vt cng tc phn, vt cng tc bin, ci lut thnh suy, b thi y, thnh nhn ngy xa khuyn kho ta: m gi chu y, chi bng thi i. Dng dao sc bn, bn khng bn lu. Vng ngc y nh, kh m gi lu. Giu sang m kiu, t vi ha u. Nn vic lui thn l o Tri. Cng nh trong H t cng c cn dn: Qun t an nhi bt vong nguy, tn nhi bt vong vong, tr nhi bt vong lon. Th d thn an nhi quc gia kh bo.

13 Php vn Sisyphe, con ca Eole v l vua x Corithe, sau khi cht, b y phi y mt tng to ln nh ni cao, nhng trc khi ti nh th tng ln tr xung. Sisyphe phi li y li nh trc lun lun sut i.


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* 6. Dch chia lm hai phn: thng kinh v h

kinh. Thng kinh ni v nhng nguyn l v V tr, ly hai qu u Kin v Khn , tng trng hai kh m Dng bn v l Tri. H kinh khi bng hai qu Hm v Hng ni v o ngi, bt u l o v chng. Nhng, lc giao tip hai phn V tr v Nhn sinh, cui phn thng kinh, th li hai qu Khm, Ly l ti sao? Nh ta bit Kin Khn l hai qu thun Dng v thun m, n l Th, thuc phn tin thin. Ly, Khm l hai qu c c m Dng nm trong tc l Dng trung hu m cn, m trung hu Dng cn. Kin Khn ch l lng nghi, Ly Khm mi l t tng, mi c c ci dng ca m dng. Qu Ly cha ho m trong lng, qu Khm cha ho dng trong lng, cho nn mi bo hai qu y l hai qu c thin a chi trung, cm u cho cc qu bn v nhn s h kinh. n phn cui cng ca h kinh, tc l ni n phn Chung kt ca mi s vt, th sao li hai qu K t v V t? L v vi hai qu ny mi ni ln r rt cng dng ca hai qu Khm Ly:

Thy Ha K t v Ha Thy V t .Nhng ti sao khi chm dt kinh Dch khng

qu K t m li qu V t? K t l xong; V t l cha xong; ci g xong th l vic ng ch cng tn, - m Dch l bin. nu li c s cng tn th sao c th cn c gi l Dch na?


35

Dch khng c ch cng. Khng c ch cng, tc l ch nh Thin gi l ng v s tr cn Trang th gi l v h hu chi hng. Dch chung cuc l H V, l Thi cc. Bi vy, hc Dch phi tm ci v hn trong ci hu hn. l bi hc th su ca Dch.

* Hc Dch rt cn rt cn nghin cu v vn

tin-thin ca H v Lc th. l hc ci o ni thnh ngoi vng r c ci th v ci dng ca Dch. Hai phn ny lin i b tc nhau hon thnh ci o xut x bt c trng hp no. H rt quan trng trong ci o tu thn gii thot, Lc th rt quan trng cho ci o x th khai vt thnh v v tu, t, tr, bnh.

Phn Lc th, v vy, chng ti s dnh n ring trong mt quyn sch sau ny bn v s hc trong cc khoa huyn b chim nghim, nhan o gio.

* l nhng im tm xem l cn bn ca Dch,

c th va i vo kinh Dch, mc d cng cn rt nhiu chi tit khng km quan trng. Sau ny, khi i vo chi tit ca tng ho, tng qu s ln ln nu ra trong quyn Chu Dch Huyn Gii. Ci kh ca kinh Dch, chng nhng nhng t tng c ng vi huyn, li cn vn t. Vn t kinh Dch l th vn t i n Chu, cho nn ngha ch khng th dng ngha ch i nay m gii thch v hiu ht. Nu li khng thng c t, khng r l ch ca nn vn ha


36

c i Trung-Hoa cng khng lm sao gii thch ni kinh Dch. Chng ti b rt nhiu cng phu trong vic nghin cu, nhng bao gi cng thy cn rt nhiu thiu st, mong c s c nhng bc cao minh ch gio.

* Cc bn khng nn tin rng, sau khi c xong

tp sch i cng ny, cc bn s hiu c tt c nhng khoa p dng Dch l. Bit c i cng nhng nguyn l chung ca kinh Dch l mt vic, m bit p dng n trong cc khoa ly n lm cn bn, li l mt vic khc, khng cn d dng nh c nhiu ngi ngh. i vi ngi ng phng, tri m khng hnh cha phi l chn tri. Trit hc ng phng l mt o sng.

Theo kinh nghim bn thn, chng ti nhn thy c hai cch nghin cu v hc Dch. y ch l vn kinh nghim bn thn, cha t c li cho ngi khc. Nhng d sao xin c thnh tht trnh by, gi l gp thm kin. Hai cch hc Dch: mt, khi t trong m ra ngoi; hai, l bt t ngoi m vo trong. Cch th hai, tn nhiu cng nhng thit thc hn.

nh rng c Dch v hc Dch l phi i ngay vo Dch, i ngay vo Kinh m khng nn i ngay vo Truyn hay nhng sch bnh gii v kinh Dch, nhng l phn ca cc bc thnh. Chng ta, vi u c tm thng khng th theo ng li y, Mc d sau cng cng phi qun n hiu n. Chng ta nn theo phng php th hai l nghin cu n song song


37

vi mt b phn p dng n nh chnh-tr, x hi, tu thn x th, tm l, lun l, a l, thin vn v ngay c nhng khoa m nh khoa hc d t ngy nay gi l khoa hc huyn b ch v h cha hiu r l do b him ca n. Hoc, cc bn nn to trc cho mnh mt hng th cho s nghin cu v Dch khng cn l mt ci hc kh khan tru tng na. Chng ti mun ni: cc bn c i ngay vo mt trong nhng mn hc dng Dch lm nguyn tc. Thu nh chng ti rt thch c sch ca Lo-Trang. Ri t Lo-Trang chng ti li i ln vo o gio. Nhng ri cng ngy chng ti cng thy mnh hoang mang lc lng v chng ti cha hiu g c v thuyt m Dng: m Dng l cn bn ca o gio. By gi mi th y ci hc ca mnh thiu cn bn: thiu Dch. l v chng ti i t ngoi vo trong, tuy nhin chnh nh mun hiu Lo-Trang m phi c cng tri ch hc Dch khng chn nn. Hc Dch by gi khng cn thy kh na, nh s hng th c Lo-Trang nui c ch kin nhn hc cho k c Dch kinh. Mt s may khc (khng r l c phi l may hay chng may), khi ang nghin cu o gio, v nhng ci hc chim nghim nh Y, Bc, Tinh, Tng v ma thut, chng ti gp c thy hay. Thy chng ti, thc s l cha nui ca chng ti, mt giang o s kht ting min Hu Giang (Long Xuyn) rt thng Y thut. Y thut ng phng i vi chng ti by gi l mt ci hc hp dn v cng. Ln ln chng ti mi khm ph ra rng thy chng


38

ti cng tinh thng c tin thut. By gi mi r c cu ny trong ni kinh: Y o thng Tin o. Chng ti mi nhn thy li khuyn ny ca J. Lavier, trong quyn Les Sercrets du YI-KING l ng: Php vn Phi c bit trc t nhiu v o gio mi c th c, nht l nghin cu v khai thc Dch kinh. T khi chng ti c b truyn v nhng khoa Nhm, Cm, n, Gip chng ti hc Dch thy cng thm hng th l, v s hiu bit ca chng ti c hai bn cng ngay cng thm tng tin mau l.

C mt vi bn thn ch nho chng ti sao li hc chi nhng khoa huyn b m h ng ha vi s m tn d oan. Th tht, hin gi chng ti khng cn mc cm g na i vi cc th hc y. Trc ht c t m ca chng ti qu mnh: khng cn c mt hin tng no l xy ra trc mt m lm cho chng ti thn nhin c. V k , chng ti mun thnh tht vi mnh. Chng ti tin rng: ngi m hay thc mc t nhiu cu hi qu, c th ging nh ngi n n; nhng m k sut i khng bao gi bit ngc nhin v t cu hi, k y nh chu lm k n n sut i. Ti cho li ni ny ca Albert Einstein rt xc ng: Php vn (Ngi m khng quen cm thng vi s huyn b, mt c ci quan nng bit ngc nhin, bit say m trong nim tn knh trc nhng g huyn b, con ngi y k nh mt con ngi cht ri.). Hung chi vi tnh trng khoa hc tin b mau l gn nh vt bc ngy nay, k no cn nhn danh khoa hc


39

mit th cc khoa huyn b l m tn d oan, chnh h mi l lc hu cn hn nhng ngi m h ci l lc hu!. Ti cho rng li nhn xt ny ca bc s Jules Rgnault rt ng nghin ngm: Php vn(Khoa hc ngy nay phi chng l mt th huyn b hc b lt b mt huyn b ca n?)

* D sao, phn trit l phi l phn chnh ca

Dch hc, cc mn hc khc ri s u l ph phim hay ph thuc. Sau khi dng cc mn p dng Dch chim nghim ngha huyn vi ca Dch, lu ngy chng ti b ln cc mn hc ph y, m ch gi li phn tinh ty l o tu nhn x th, tc l ci o ni thnh, ngoi vng theo Trang hay theo Lo.

Dch l mt b sch a din v v tn (inpuisable) sau mt thi gian kh lu chng ti sng vi n trong tng hi th nht dng, thng hnh, th m vn thy n vi vi nh non cao: qua c nh ny li thy hin ra sng sng trc mt trng trng nhiu nh khc Phi c sng nhiu, c Dch mi thy th. Lm-Ng-ng ni: Khng-T dn: nm mi tui c th c c kinh Dch, tc l mun ni, bn mi lm tui cng cn cha th c c kinh Dch. Phan-So-Nam v gi mi nghin ni Dch kinh.

Lo-T bo rt ng: Th vit vin, vin vit phn[Hn Vn] Trn khp l i xa, i xa l tr v. Cho nn hc Dch m tn ra xa, th xa mi khng bao


40

gi ht, cng ngy cng thm phc tp, c khi ri li qun gc v qu mi mit theo ci hc trc vt. Cn phi bit m dng li (Hn Vn tri tc tri ch), m tr v. l cu cnh mc ch ca nhng ngi hc o. Phn ny chng ti trnh trong quyn Tinh hoa o hc ng phng. Bit n ci o i v, nn Dch mi gi l D (d). Thc vy, Dch rt n gin, rt d dng. Ch gm trong mt ci , gi l Thi cc: mt ci hnh trn vi hai nghi en trng m ngom vo nhau mt cch ng u, tng trng lut qun bnh. Tht l ti tnh!

Nhn Thi cc ta thy r ci o i ra (th) v ci o i v (phn). o i ra, bt u t Thi cc qua lng nghi, T tng, Bt qui; cn o i v bt t Lng nghi tr v Thi cc hay Thi nht. i ra l o nh nguyn. Tr v l o nht nguyn. C i ra, ri li c i v mi hon thnh c trn vn ci gi l nht m nht Dng


41

chi v o. Cu cc hu Thi cc14 tm li c ci o nht nguyn, con ng cui m cng l tinh hoa Dch hc. Dch l nht nguyn lun. Ngy xa, Dng Qu Sn n thm Thim Qu L, Qu Sn hi Qu L v kinh Dch. Qu L ly mt t giy trng, v mt vng trn, ly mc en bi ln mt na, ci bo: l Dch!

C mt nh s Qung Nam, theo li thut ca Phan Vn Hm, sau khi sut i ngi nghin cu v nghin ngm kinh in Pht gio, ln trn vch bi th sau y:

Kinh in lu truyn tm vn t, Hc hnh khng thiu cng khng d. Nm nay tnh li chng qun ht, Ch nh trong u mt ch NH.15

14 Ty phng gi l Tout est dans tout, mt nguyn tc quan trng nht ca Huyn hc Ty phng. 15 c quyn Tinh hoa o hc ng phng, quyn sch b tc cho quyn ny, chuyn bn v ci o i v ca Dch, tc l phn cui cng ca con ngi trn con ng tm v thc hin o Dch ni mnh.


42

CHNG I


43

SCH CHU DCH

Sch Chu-Dch [Hn Vn] l mt b sch co th gi l k th [Hn Vn], mt b sch cn bn hm cha tt c nguyn l sinh thnh v tr v con ngi, ngha l gm nm tt c khoa hc v trit hc nh y hc, thin vn, lch hc, trit hc siu hnh, x hi, tm l v.v ca Trung-Hoa u bt ngun ni quyn k th ny, nht l sch ca o gia.

Theo sch Chu L [Hn Vn] th i nh Chu c quan Thi-bc [Hn Vn] chuyn xem v 3 b Dch [Hn Vn] l:

1. Lin sn [Hn Vn]2. Quy tng [Hn Vn]3. Chu Dch [Hn Vn]Hai b Lin Sn v Quy tng lc mt, ch r

v l do g, ch cn lu li n ngy nay b Chu Dch [Hn Vn] m thi. Nay gi Dch kinh, chnh l Chu Dch.

Theo H Vn Phong, th Lin sn l ca nh H [Hn Vn], bt u bng qu Cn, v Quy tng l ca nh Thng [Hn Vn] bt u bng qu Khn [Hn Vn], v Chu Dch l ca nh Chu bt u bng qu Kin [Hn Vn].

T Xun [Hn Vn] cho rng: Lin sn l ca Phc Hy [Hn Vn]; Quy tng l ca Hong [Hn Vn]. Trnh Huyn [Hn Vn] trong Dch tn [Hn


44

Vn] v Dch lun [Hn Vn] cng vit: i H, th c Lin sn; i n th c Quy tng; i Chu [Hn Vn] th c Chu Dch [Hn Vn]. Lin sn l ci hnh tng my trong ni nh ra lun lun khng dt; Quy tng l vn vt khng vt no m khng tr v np vo trong lng t (tng trng qu Khn).

Cn Chu Dch l bn n con ng bin ha ca Dch theo ci vng trn (changements dans la rvolution circulaire). Khng bit Trnh Huyn cn c vo sch no m a ra ci kin gii y?

Theo sch Chu L [Hn Vn] th: Lin sn Dch ly qu Thun Cn16 [Hn Vn] lm u mi. Cn l ni, ni trn, ni di nn gi l Lin sn.

Quy tng Dch, ly qu Thun Khn17 [Hn Vn] lm u mi. Khn l t, vn vt khng vt no khng tr v tng n ni trong m hm Dng bi vy gi l Quy tng. Lo hc v sau ch trng theo Quy tng Dch ly phn m lm ni quy tc.

Chu Dch ly qu Thun Kin18 [Hn Vn] lm u mi. Kin l tri th hay chu hnh bn phng, nn gi l Chu19. Nh th th ch Chu Dch

16 [Hn Vn] 17 [Hn Vn] 18 [Hn Vn] 16-17-18 (Chu L Thi Bc s vn Lin sn Dch d Cn vi th, Cn vi Sn, Sn thng sn h, th danh Lin sn; Quy Tng Dch d Thun Khn vi th, Khn vi a, vn vt mc bt quy nhi tng trung, c vit Quy Tng () D Chu Dch hu Thun Kin vi th, Kin vi thin, thin nng chu trt t phng thi, c danh vi Chu Dch d). 19 [Hn Vn]


45

khng nn hiu Kinh Dch vit i nh Chu, v ch Chu [Hn Vn] y l dng tr v thi i, th sao Lin sn v Quy tng li khng nht tr dng danh t H v Thng m gi l H Dch, Thng Dch nh gi Chu Dch.

Chu [Hn Vn] y c ngha l ph cp, ph bin. Trong Dch i Truyn [Hn Vn] ch gi l Chu [Hn Vn] c ngha l chu lu [Hn Vn] chy khp mi ni20.

Hong D Chu [Hn Vn] trong Qun-Kinh-Thuyt [Hn Vn] cng ni: Chu Dch gc ca Vn Vng, khng phi dng ch i nh Chu sau nh Thng21.

*

20 [Hn Vn] 21 [Hn Vn] 19-20-21 (Chu D chi danh, thy Vn Vng, phi Chu cch Thng chi hu).


46

NI DUNG V TC GI

Chu Dch (Dch-Kinh) c hai b phn phn bit: 1. Ph hiu2. Vn t

A. PH HIU

u tin ch c ph hiu, ngha l nhng nt v biu tng hai l m Dng v nhng l biu ha do s cu to ca hai l y.

Truyn thuyt cho rng nhng ph hiu y do Phc Hy sng ch. ng dng mt vch lin ( ) biu th kh Dng, vch t ( ) biu th kh m.

Hai l m Dng y, Dch gi l Lng nghi. Lng nghi sinh T tng l Thiu dng, Thi dng, Thiu m, Thi m.

T tng sinh ra Bt qui, l Kin, oi, Ly, Chn, Tn, Khm, Cn, Khn.

Tm li, di y l ph hiu ca Lng nghi, T tng v Bt qui:

1- Lng nghi: tng trng bng 1 ho. Dng nghi: ( ) m nghi: ( )

2- T tng: tng trng bng 2 ho chng ln nhau.

Thiu dng: ( )22

22


47

Thi dng: ( ) Thiu m: ( )23 Thi m: ( )

3- Bt qui: tng trng bng 3 ho chng ln nhau. Kin ( )

( ) Thi dng oi ( ) Ly ( )

( ) Thiu dng24 Chn ( ) Tn ( )

( ) Thiu m25 Khm ( ) Cn ( )

( ) Thi m Khn ( )

Mi vch lin hay t, gi l ho [Hn Vn]. Hai ho hp li thnh mt tng [Hn Vn]. Ba ho hp li thnh mt qu (qui [Hn Vn]).

Qui, cng c 2 th: 1. n-qui.2. Trng-qui.

23

24

25

2225 Phn ng ghi tng Thiu dng vi ho m di. Phi ghi ho dng di. (Xem phn ph ch v T tng xem chng II T tng)


48

a) n qui c tm, gi l Bt qui.Trng qui c su mi bn (8 x 8 = 64) do hai

n qui chng ln nhau. (n qui, cng gi l qu Trinh; Trng qui, cng gi l qu Hi). Tm li, n qui c 3 ho nh qu Kin ( )

trng qui c 6 ho nh qu a Thin

THI

Nn : Ghi qu th bt di ghi ln (ho di cht l

ho s khi bt u sinh, nhng c qu th bt trn c xung. Nh qu Thi, qu trn l qu Khn (a), qu di l qu Kin (Thin) th c l a Thin. Phn ni ngoi, th qu di l qu ni, qu trn l qu ngoi. Bt di ln trn, th 2 ho di l thi Thnh, 2 ho gia l thuc v thi Thnh v 2 ho trn cht l thi Suy v Hy. Ni qui l phn cn bn, phn gc. Ngoi qui l phn ngn, giai on cui ca s vt.

* Bt qui c 2 th:

Tin thin bt qui. Hu thin bt qui.

y ch xin ni v Tin thin Bt qui, v n rt quan trng trong vic lp thnh 64 qu trng (trng qui) nh ta s thy sau y.


49

Tin thin Bt Qui, sp theo th t: Kin 1, oi 2, Ly 3, Chn 4, Tn 5, Khm 6, Cn 7, Khn 8 thnh mt vng trn, gi l vng tin thin.

TIN THIN BT QUI ( s 1)

Hu thin Bt qui, sp theo th t: 1 Khm, 2 Khn, 3 Chn, 4 Tn, 5 Trung, 6 Kin, 7 oi, 8 Cn, 9 Ly.

Bt qui cng li chia ra lm 2 loi: loi bt dch v loi in o dch.

Kin

Khm Ly

Khn

oi

Cn

Tn

Chn

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8


50

1. Loi bt dch (d ln ngc vn khng ingha), c 4 qu:

Kin Khn

Ly Khm Bn qu ny ng theo hng ngang l Ly

Khm [Hn Vn] v hng dc l Kin Khn [Hn Vn].

l 4 qu chnh26 (cn bn) cho 2 kh m Dng tin thin (Kin Khn) v hu thin (Ly Khm), gp nhau lp thnh ch Thp (+). im gp g y, gi l im Thi cc, ch hp nht ca m Dng, cng gi l im Thi ha, Thi h hay Thi nht (im 0).

( s 2) 26 T chnh gi Kin, Khn, Ly, Khm d. Quan k tng v phn phc chi bin, s d vi chnh d [Hn Vn] (T chnh, l nhng qu Kin, Khn, Ly, Khm. S d gi l chnh, v khi nhn n tng ca chng, ta khng th c s bin phn phc). Thiu-ng.

KIN (Dng tin thin)

KHN (m tin thin)

LY (Dng hu thin)

KHM (m hu thin)


51

2. Loi in o dch: (o ln th i thay ngha). My qu ny l nhng qu ng bngc cnh nh ng Bc, ng Nam, TyNam, Ty Bc.

Chn Cn Tn oi

( s 3)

Tm li, tuy ni l 8 qu, k tht ch c 6 qu. L v Chn l Cn ln ngc; Tn l oi ln ngc. Ngha l ch c Kin, Khn, Ly, Khm, Chn, Tn.

Bt qui cng chia ra Th v Dng: tin thin gi, Kin Khn vi ch (th), lc t vi dng. [Hn Vn].

Kin Khn l TH. Su qu do Kin Khn sinh ra gi l lc t (su con) tc l 3 qu Tn, Ly oi (con ca qu Kin), u l qu thuc m. l Dng sinh m. Cn 3 qu Chn, Khm, Cn (con ca qu Khn), u l qu thuc Dng. Su qu y l ci Dng ca Kin v Khn. Nn : qu thun

OI

CHN

TN

CN


52

Dng, cng nh qu thun m, tc l cha m Dng, nn cha c cng dng, v trn i khng c mt s vt no m thun Dng hay thun m c: nht m nht Dng chi vi O. Mun c ci dng ca n, qu phi c m Dng.

Phn nh m Dng cc qu tam m tam dng (Tn, Ly, oi v Chm, Khm, Cn) th cn c vo lut chng d qu vi ch [Hn Vn], tc l h trong mt qu c 3 ho, qu no nhiu m, th phi ly ho Dng lm ch, hoc tri ngc li. H t truyn c ni: m qui a dng d m vi ch; Dng qui a m d Dng vi ch27 [Hn Vn]. Qu Dng nhiu m, th ly Dng lm ch, qu m nhiu Dng th ly m lm ch.

Ngha l s d 3 qu Chn, Khm v Cn c gi l qu thuc Dng l v trong 3 qu u ch c mt Dng m c n 2 m ( s 1): CHN KHM CN

Dng qui

Trng Nam

27 C ngi cho rng, theo nguyn l ny s tri vi ch dn ch: thiu s phi phc tng a s. Khng phi vy. ca thnh nhn l mun m ch n ci o ca ngi qun t v ci o ca k tiu nhn. Dng qui, mt Dng thng lnh qun m, l o ca ngi qun t (dng). m qui, mt m thng lnh qun Dng, l o ca k tiu nhn: a d thiu vi tn [Hn Vn] (xem chng 2).

Trung Nam

Thiu Nam


53

Cn 3 qu Tn, Ly, oi s d c gi l qu thuc m l v trong 3 qu ny ch c mt m m c n hai Dng:

TN LY OI m qui28

Trng N

Nhn Tin thin Bt qui , ta nhn thy Dng nghi (bn tri) c 4 qu: Kin, oi, Ly, Chn; cn bn m nghi (pha mt) cng c 4 qu: Tn, Khm, Cn, Khn. Trong Dng nghi li phn 2 phn: Kin v oi (thuc tng Thi dng); Ly v Chn (thuc tng Thiu dng). Trong m nghi cng phn 2 phn: Tn v Khm (thuc tng Thiu m); Cn v Khn (thuc tng Thi m). tc l mun ni n nguyn l: Dng trung hu m cn; m trung hu Dng cn. (Xem s 1).

Trong nhng qu trng cng vn p dng nguyn l chng d qu vi ch. Nh trong qu Li a D (

) c 5 ho m, nn phi ly ho Dng Cu T lm ch ca ton qu. Tm li, h nht Dng, ng

28 Qu thuc Dng, th ci Th ca n l m (Khn cp kh ca Kin m thnh hnh). Qu thuc m, th ci Th ca n l Dng (Kin cp kh ca Khn m thnh hnh). Cho nn, mi ni: Khn giao Kin mi c Tn, Ly, oi. l o Khn lm thnh con gi [Hn Vn]. Kin giao Khn mi c Chn, Khm, Cn. l o Kin lm thnh con trai [Hn Vn].

Ta thy qu Ly, tng trng n ng, m bn trong l n b (m qui). Qu Khm tng trng n b, m bn trong l n ng (dng qui).

y l lut mu thun: Trai, th Khn; Gi, th Kin.

Trung N

Thiu N


54

m, th ly nht Dng lm ch qu; h nht m ng Dng th phi ly nht m lm ch qu.

* m c cc mi bin ra Dng, Dng c cc

mi bin ra m, ngha l h c bin l bin tr li ci i cc ca n. Nhn Tin thin Bt qui, ta thy r l y: Qu Kin m bin, th bin thnh qu Khn; Khn m bin, th bin thnh qu Kin. Cc qu khc cng mt th. Qu Chn bin thnh qu Tn v nghch li. Qu Cn bin thnh qu oi l tri nghch li.

b) Trng qui:Trng qui, tc l qu i do mi qui trong bt

qui chng ln nhau. Nh Kin chng ln Kin gi l bt thun Kin; Khn chng ln Khn gi l bt thun Khnv.v.. v v.v

S chng qu ny ln qu kia l lp thnh 64 qu trng. Php to lp trng qui, phi theo phng php th t sau y:

Ly s th t ca tin thin bt qui lm cn bn: Kin nht, oi nh, Ly tam, Chn t, Tn ng, Khm lc, Cn tht, Khn bt.

* I

Kin nht chng ln Kin nht, thnh qu Kin vi Thin (Bt thun Kin)

oi nh --------- Kin nht, ----------- Trch thin Qui Ly tam --------- Kin nht, ----------- Ha thin i hu Chn t --------- Kin nht, ----------- Li thin i trng Tn ng --------- Kin nht, ----------- Phong thin Tiu sc Khm lc --------- Kin nht, ----------- Thy thin Nhu Cn tht --------- Kin nht, ----------- Sn thin i sc Khn bt --------- Kin nht, ----------- a thin Thi


55

II Kin nht chng ln oi nh, thnh qu Thin trch L oi nh --------- oi nh, ----------- oi vi Trch Ly tam --------- oi nh, ----------- Ha trch Khu Chn t --------- oi nh, ----------- Li trch Quy mui Tn ng --------- oi nh, ----------- Phong trch Trung ph Khm lc --------- oi nh, ----------- Thy trch Tit Cn tht --------- oi nh, ----------- Sn trch Tn Khn bt --------- oi nh, ----------- a trch Lm

III Kin nht chng ln Ly tam, thnh qu Thin ha ng Nhn oi nh --------- Ly tam, ----------- Trch ha Cch Ly tam --------- Ly tam, ----------- Ly vi Ha Chn t --------- Ly tam, ----------- Li ha Phong Tn ng --------- Ly tam, ----------- Phong ha Gia nhn Khm lc --------- Ly tam, ----------- Thy ha K t Cn tht --------- Ly tam, ----------- Sn ha B Khn bt --------- Ly tam, ----------- a ha Minh di

IV Kin nht chng ln Chn t, thnh qu Thin li V vng oi nh --------- Chn t, ----------- Trch li Ty Ly tam --------- Chn t, ----------- Ha li Ph Hp Chn t --------- Chn t, ----------- Chn vi Li Tn ng --------- Chn t, ----------- Phong li ch Khm lc --------- Chn t, ----------- Thy li Trun Cn tht --------- Chn t, ----------- Sn li Hy Khn bt --------- Chn t, ----------- a li Phc

V Kin nht chng ln Tn ng, thnh qu Thin phong Cu oi nh --------- Tn ng, ----------- Trch phong i qu Ly tam --------- Tn ng, ----------- Ha phong nh Chn t --------- Tn ng, ----------- Li phong Hng Tn ng --------- Tn ng, ----------- Tn vi Phong Khm lc --------- Tn ng, ----------- Thy phong Tnh Cn tht --------- Tn ng, ----------- Sn phong C Khn bt --------- Tn ng, ----------- a phong Thng

VI Kin nht chng ln Khm lc, thnh qu Thin thy Tng oi nh --------- Khm lc, ----------- Trch thy Khn Ly tam --------- Khm lc, ----------- Ha thy V t Chn t --------- Khm lc, ----------- Li thy Gii Tn ng --------- Khm lc, ----------- Phong thy Hon Khm lc --------- Khm lc, ----------- Khm vi Thy Cn tht --------- Khm lc, ----------- Sn thy Mng Khn bt --------- Khm lc, ----------- a thy S

VII Kin nht chng ln Cn tht, thnh qu Thin sn n oi nh --------- Cn tht, ----------- Trch sn Hm


56

Ly tam --------- Cn tht, ----------- Ha sn L Chn t --------- Cn tht, ----------- Li sn Tiu qu Tn ng --------- Cn tht, ----------- Phong sn Tim Khm lc --------- Cn tht, ----------- Thy sn Kin Cn tht --------- Cn tht, ----------- Cn vi Sn Khn bt --------- Cn tht, ----------- a sn Khim

VIII Kin nht chng ln Khn bt, thnh qu Thin a B oi nh --------- Khn bt, ----------- Trch a Ty Ly tam --------- Khn bt, ----------- Ha a Tn Chn t --------- Khn bt, ----------- Li a D Tn ng --------- Khn bt, ----------- Phong a Qun Khm lc --------- Khn bt, ----------- Thy a T Cn tht --------- Khn bt, ----------- Sn a Bc Khn bt --------- Khn bt, ----------- Khn vi a


57

Kin oi Ly Chn Tn Khm Cn Khn

Kin Kin vi Thin Trch thin Qui

Ha thin i hu

Li thin i trng

Phong thin Tiu sc Thy thin Nhu

Sn thin i sc a thin Thi

oi Thin trch L oi vi Trch

Ha trch Khu

Li trch Quy mui

Phong trch Trung ph Thy trch Tit Sn trch Tn a trch Lm

Ly Thin ha ng Nhn

Trch ha Cch Ly vi Ha

Li ha Phong

Phong ha Gia nhn

Thy ha K t Sn ha B

a ha Minh di

Chn Thin li V vng

Trch li Ty

Ha li Ph Hp Chn vi Li

Phong li ch

Thy li Trun Sn li Hy

a li Phc

Tn Thin phong Cu

Trch phong i qu

Ha phong nh

Li phong Hng Tn vi Phong

Thy phong Tnh

Sn phong C

a phong Thng

Khm Thin thy Tng

Trch thy Khn

Ha thy V t

Li thy Gii

Phong thy Hon

Khm vi Thy

Sn thy Mng a thy S

Cn Thin sn n

Trch sn Hm

Ha sn L

Li sn Tiu qu

Phong sn Tim

Thy sn Kin Cn vi Sn

a sn Khim

Khn Thin a B

Trch a Ty

Ha a Tn Li a D

Phong a Qun Thy a T

Sn a Bc

Khn vi a

Bng ny do ti t thm vo lm r thm hnh thi ca cc qu

Trng qui nh thy, c 64 qu, nhng c th chia lm 2 loi:

A) 8 qu bt dch.B) V 28 qu in o dch.


58

a) Trng qui bt dch (lt ln lt xung khngi ngha), 8 qu:

1. Kin vi Thin [Hn Vn]

2. Khn vi a [Hn Vn]

3. Li vi Ha [Hn Vn]

4. Khm vi Thy [Hn Vn]

5. Trch phong i qu [Hn Vn]

6. Sn li Hy [Hn Vn]

7. Li sn Tiu qu [Hn Vn]

8. Phong trch Trung ph [Hn Vn]

b) Trng qui in o dch (lt ln lt xungkhng i ngha), 28 qu:

1. Thin thy TngThy thin Nhu

[Hn Vn]

[Hn Vn]

2. a thin Thi [Hn Vn] Thin a B [Hn Vn]

3. Trch li Ty [Hn Vn] Sn phong C [Hn Vn]


59

4. Ha li Ph hp [Hn Vn] Sn ha B [Hn Vn]

5. Thin li V vng [Hn Vn] Sn thin i sc [Hn Vn]

6. Trch sn Hm [Hn Vn] Li phong Hng [Hn Vn]

7. Ha a Tn [Hn Vn] a ha Minh di [Hn Vn]

8. Ha trch Khu [Hn Vn] Phong ha Gia nhn [Hn Vn]

9. Thy sn Kin [Hn Vn] Li thy Gii [Hn Vn]

10. a phong Thng [Hn Vn] Trch a Ty [Hn Vn]

11. Ha phong nh [Hn Vn] Trch ha Cch [Hn Vn]

12. Phong sn Tim [Hn Vn] Li trch Qui mui [Hn Vn]

13. Phong thy Hon [Hn Vn] Thy trch Tit [Hn Vn]

14. Thy a T [Hn Vn] a thy S [Hn Vn]

15. a trch Lm [Hn Vn] Phong a Qun [Hn Vn]

16. Thy li Trun [Hn Vn] Sn thy Mng [Hn Vn]

17. Chn vi Li [Hn Vn] Cn vi Sn [Hn Vn]


60

18. Sn trch Tn [Hn Vn] Phong li ch [Hn Vn]

19. a sn Khim [Hn Vn] Li a D [Hn Vn]

20. oi vi Trch [Hn Vn] Tn vi Phong [Hn Vn]

21. Sn a Bc [Hn Vn] a li Phc [Hn Vn]

22. Thy phong Tnh [Hn Vn] Trch thy Khn [Hn Vn]

23. Li thin i trng [Hn Vn] Thin sn n [Hn Vn]

24. Ha thin i hu [Hn Vn] Thin ha ng nhn [Hn Vn]

25. Li ha Phong [Hn Vn] Ha sn L [Hn Vn]

26. Phong thin Tiu sc [Hn Vn] Thin trch L [Hn Vn]

27. Thy ha K t [Hn Vn] Ha thy V t [Hn Vn]

28. Thin phong Cu [Hn Vn] Trch thin Qui [Hn Vn]

Su mi bn qu m thc ch c 32: 8 bt dch v 28 in o dch (hay phn dch): (28 x 2) + 8 = 64

*


61

TH T CC QU

Nhn th t cc qu phn dch ta thy r lut Phn Phc (mt qua mt li) ng n vng lai ca Dch o.

Th t cc qu trong Chu Dch sp theo cp Phn Phc nh:

A. THNG KINH: 1. Kin v Khn [Hn Vn] 2. Trun v Mng [Hn Vn] 3. Nhu v Tng [Hn Vn] 4. S v T [Hn Vn] 5. Tiu Sc v L [Hn Vn] 6. Thi v B [Hn Vn] 7. ng Nhn v i Hu [Hn Vn]8. Khim v D [Hn Vn] 9. Ty v C [Hn Vn] 10. Lm v Qun [Hn Vn] 11. Ph Hp v B [Hn Vn] 12. Bc v Phc [Hn Vn] 13. V Vng v i Sc [Hn Vn] 14. Hy v i Qu [Hn Vn] 15. Khm v Ly [Hn Vn]

B. H KINH: 16. Hm v Hng [Hn Vn] 17. n v i Trng [Hn Vn] 18. Tn v Minh Di [Hn Vn] 19. Gia Nhn v Khu [Hn Vn]


62

20. Kin v Gii [Hn Vn] 21. Tn v ch [Hn Vn] 22. Qui v Cu [Hn Vn] 23. Ty v Thng [Hn Vn] 24. Khn v Tnh [Hn Vn] 25. Cch v nh [Hn Vn] 26. Chn v Cn [Hn Vn] 27. Tim v Quy Mui [Hn Vn] 28. Phong v L [Hn Vn] 29. Tn v oi [Hn Vn] 30. Hon v Tit [Hn Vn] 31. Trung Ph v Tiu Qu [Hn Vn] 32. K T v V T [Hn Vn]

* V ngha ca mi qu, cng nh th t ca 64

qu, chng T Qui Truyn [Hn Vn] ging gii rnh r, s ni r ni khc, trong quyn Chu Dch Huyn Gii.

*


63

CNG DNG CA CC QU

Bn v cng dng cc qu trong Dch kinh, th c 2 thuyt. Theo phi Dch-bc th qu Dch dng bi kit hung, nhng i vi nh trit hc, th mi qu l tng trng mt trng thi t u n cui, t khong khai thin n hi tch a, cng nh n m ch mi hon cnh, mi trng hp trong i ngi, trong ch r ci o tin, thoi, tn, vong, v ng thi dng n tin c, tu nghip nh qu Kin cn dn: Qun t tin c tu nghip [Hn Vn]. l ly vic Ngi bt chc o Tri. Cho nn v tr quan ca Dch nm trong 64 qu m nhn sinh quan ca Dch cng nm trong 64 qu, v gi l Dch hc l ci hc Thin nhn hp nht. V tr quan v nhn sinh quan hn nhin l Mt, khng th ri nhau.

Nhng m Dng l cn bn ca V tr hin tng, th qu Kin, qu Khn l u mi ca tt c cc qu trong Dch kinh, ngha l u mi ca mi cuc bin thin trong V tr.

Kin qui c 6 gch lin. Mi gch l tng trng mt trng thi v l Tri cng nh v vic Ngi. Trong mt nm 12 thng, 6 thng thuc dng, 6 thng thuc m. 12 thng y, c tng trng trong 12 qu, l qu Phc (thng 11), T cung, thuc tit ng ch; qu Lm Su; qu Thi Dn, qu i trng Mo; qu Qui Thn; qu Kin T; qu Cu Ng; qu n Mi; qu B Thn,


64

qu Quan Du; qu Bc Tut; qu Khn Hi (u do lut tiu trng m lp thnh); m tiu Dng trng, Dng tiu m trng.

Tuy c 64 qu, k thc rt li ch c 12 qu k trn, chia lm 2 phn (Xem s 7 v 13).

1) Phn dng (gi l lc dng qui) gm ccqu:

Phc ( ) 1 Lm thuc v Thiu Dng lm ch Thi

i Trng ( ) 3 Qui thuc v Thi Dng lm ch Kin

2) Phn m (gi l lc m qui) gm cc qu:Cu ( )

2 n thuc v Thiu m lm ch B Qun ( )

4 Bc thuc v Thi m lm ch Khn

[Xem biu trang sau]


65

( s 7) Xem biu , ta nhn thy r ci l doanh h

tiu tc [Hn Vn] ca m Dng (t tng). Tc [Hn Vn], l m tim suy, Dng tim

trng29; cn Tiu [Hn Vn], l m tim trng, Dng tim suy30. Ngha l m suy ln, th Dng

29 m suy ln. Dng ln ln (thi ca Thiu dng) 30 m ln ln. Dng suy ln (thi ca Thiu m) Tim: dn dn Tiu: mn ln (Dng yu ln, mn ln) (Thiu m); Tc: ln ln (Dng ln ln) (Thiu dng). H: Dng ht, tuyt (Thi m); Doanh: Dng y trn (Thi dng).

3

1

2

4

T(Thng 4)

NG(Thng 5) MI(Thng 6)

THN(Thng 7)

DU(Thng 8)

THN(Thng 3)

MO(Thng 2)

DN(Thng 1)

SU(Thng 12)

TUT(Thng 9)

HI(Thng 10)

T(Thng 11)

Cu Kin n

Qui

i-trng

Thi

Lm Phc Khn

Bc

B

Qun


66

ln ln, m m ln ln, th Dng suy ln. 12 qu trn y, v vy c gi l 12 qu tiu tc. Nh cc qu Phc, Lm, Thi, i-trng, Qui, Kin l tc qui [Hn Vn]; cc qu Cu, n, B, Qun, Bc, Khn, l tiu qui [Hn Vn]. H theo lin vi Tiu; Doanh theo lin vi Tc. Cho nn ni Tc l ni lun Doanh, ni Tiu l ni lun H. Doanh i vi H, Tiu i vi Tc.

* Trng qui do ai sng to?

C 4 thuyt (theo Khng Dnh t [Hn Vn] trong Chu Dch Chnh Ngha [Hn Vn]):

1. Phc Hy [Hn Vn] (theo nhm Vng Bc [Hn Vn] i Tn)

2. Thn Nng [Hn Vn] (theo nhm Trnh Huyn [Hn Vn] i Hn)

3. H V [Hn Vn] (theo Tn Thnh [Hn Vn] i Tn)

4. Vn Vng [Hn Vn] (theo T M Thin [Hn Vn] i Hn)

Theo 4 gi thuyt trn y, ta khng thy gi thuyt no vng vng, v khng c chng c xc thc. Ch c gi thuyt th nht v th t trn y l c truyn tng. Vy, ta hy tm nhn nh th: c th do Phc Hy hoc Vn Vng sng ch, khng sao.

*


67

B. VN-T

V phn vn t (sau phn ph hiu) cng c th chia lm 2 phn:

1. Kinh [Hn Vn] hay l Dch kinh [Hn Vn]2. Truyn [Hn Vn] hay l Dch truyn [Hn

Vn]a) Dch kinh th do cc bc thnh nhn vit ra,

hoc ni ra, hoc do cc t ghi li.b) Dch truyn, c khi do cc bc thnh nhn vit

ra, hoc do cc t hay hu hc vit ra gii rng thm ngha ca li Kinh. Cho nnTruyn, tc l Kinh m ging rng [Hn Vn]hoc b tc ngha ca Kinh vn. Cngnh T truyn [Hn Vn] l do Kinh XunThu m tn rng vy.

Ni n Truyn v Kinh khng khc no ni n cy c ci, nc c ngun, khng th no phn ra m lun c.

*

A) NI DUNG V TC GI CA DCH KINH

Dch kinh, c th chia lm 2 b phn: 1. Qui t [Hn Vn]2. Ho t [Hn Vn]


68

Th ly qu Kin ( ) u mi ca Kinh Dch lm th d: Cu: Kin: Nguyn, Hanh, Li, Trinh. [Hn Vn] l Qui t.

Nhng cu: S cu, tim long vt dng [Hn Vn], Cu nh, hin long ti in, li kin i nhn [Hn Vn], v.v n cu Dng cu, kin qun long v th, kit [Hn Vn] u gi l Ho t.

Phm ly cu cn m nh ngha ton Qui, th gi l Qui t; ly cu vn m nh ngha mi ho, th gi l Ho t.

* Qui t v Ho t do ai sng tc?

C 2 gi thuyt: 1. Qui t v Ho t l ca Vn Vng [Hn

Vn] lm ra (theo ch trng ca nhm TrnhHuyn [Hn Vn]).

2. Qui t l ca Vn Vng, cn Ho t l caChu Cng lm ra (theo ch trng ca nhmHn M Dung [Hn Vn], Anh Lc Tch[Hn Vn]).

Ngoi 2 gi thuyt trn, cui i Thanh c B Tch Thy [Hn Vn], trong Ng Kinh Thng Lun [Hn Vn] v Kinh hc Lch s [Hn Vn] li cho rng Qui t v Ho t u do mt tay Khng-T vit ra. ng li cho rng Phc Hy vch ra Qui [Hn Vn], Vn Vng ch ra Trng Qui [Hn Vn] u ch dng ph hiu, ch cha h dng n vn t [Hn Vn]. Ch n Khng-T mi by ra Qui t v Ho t m thi.


69

Thuyt ny rt nh hoi nghi v nhm nghin cu c hc ngy nay nh nhm Chng Bnh Lun, hon ton phn i.

*

B) NI DUNG V TC GI CA DCH TRUYN

Dch truyn gm c 7 loi, phn ra c thy l 10 thin, gi chung l Thp Dc [Hn Vn]: Th t ca Thp Dc l:

1. Thon t [Hn Vn] gm 2 phn:a) Thon t thng truyn.b) Thon t h truyn.

2. Tng t [Hn Vn] gm 2 phn:a) Tng t thng truyn.b) Tng t h truyn.

3. H t [Hn Vn] gm 2 phn:a) H t thng truyn.b) H t h truyn.

4. Vn ngn5. Thuyt qui6. T qui7. Tp qui

*

1. Thon t [Hn Vn] l gii thch Qui t31Nh trong qu Kin on vn: Thon vit: i

tai Kin Nguyn vn vt t thy () th xut th vt,

31 [Hn Vn] (Thon, bin on d). Cng c l Son.


70

vn quc hm ninh [Hn Vn] thuc v Thon t, ct gii thch i ca qu Kin.

* 2. Tng t [Hn Vn] c 2 phn32:

a) i tng [Hn Vn]b) Tiu tng [Hn Vn]

i tng l gii thch v ci tng ca ton qu. Nh cu: Tng vit: Thin hnh kin, qun t d t cng bt tc ca qu Kin.

Tiu tng l gii thch v ci tng ca tng ho trong qu (ho t). Nh nhng on vn: Tim long vt dng, Dng ti h d () Dng cu, thin c bt kh vi th d u l gii ngha v ci tng ca tng ho trong qu Kin, ngha l t ho s cu n ho dng cu.

* 3. H t [Hn Vn]

H [Hn Vn] c ngha l h thng33. Tc l phn thuyt l, tm cch h thng ha trit l nm trong Dch Kinh, truy cu n cn nguyn ngha Kinh Dch suy lun n ch tc dng ca Dch hc, hoc gii thm ngha cc Qu b sung ngha ca Thon t v Tng t. H t cng phn ra lm 2 phn: thng truyn v h truyn. Thng truyn c 12 chng; H truyn c 11 chng.

*

32 [Hn Vn] (Tng, hin tng d). ng lm ln vi danh t i tng ca Lo-T trong cu: Chp i tng chng 35 (o c Kinh). 33 H, h thng d [Hn Vn]


71

4. Vn ngn [Hn Vn]Vn ngn l vn sc chi ngn (li ni vn

hoa), chuyn gii thch 2 qu Kin v Khn m thi. L v 2 qu Kin v Khn l ch ra vo ca Dch hc v l u mi ca tt c cc Qu khc. Tt c mi Qui Ho trong 64 qu ca Kinh Dch u do 2 qu y m ra c. Theo cc bn Dch ngy nay, Vn ngn c sp vo 2 qu Kin v Khn. Cc qu khc khng c.

* 5. Thuyt qui [Hn Vn]

Thin ny chuyn dng by gii cc Tng, bn v ci c nghip, s bin ha v php tng ca Bt Qui.

* 6. T qui [Hn Vn]

Thin ny dng thuyt minh v th t ca s tng tha tng sinh ca 64 qu trong kinh Dch, tc l ci l do v sao qu ny tip ni qu kia, t qu Kin, qu Khn n qu K t v V t.

* 7. Tp qui [Hn Vn]

Thin ny a ra mt s nh ngha, cn c vo tnh cht ca cc qu trong 64 qu.

Gi tr ca s nh ngha cc qu khng c u: mt phn rt ng, nhng c mt s c hi xa vi khng ng vi nh ngha ca ngi son ra Dch kinh. Khi u i c cp tng i, nhng 8 qu cht th sp t hn lon, mt quy c ca lc khi u.


72

C l v mun cu vn n vn, n iu nn mi c s sp t ln xn nh th.

* TC GI CA THP DC (DCH TRUYN)

Dch kinh c lu hnh ngy nay c mt lai lch kh rc ri. Theo Ty th th Dch Kinh qua i Hn b tht lc 3 thin Thuyt qui. V sau c ngi con gi t H Ni lm c sch c ti vch nh L Nh (tc Lo-T) em dng, by gi Dch Kinh mi y trn b. iu ny Hn th khng c ghi chp.

Tng truyn vua Vn Vng nh Chu, khi b giam Du L (1144-1142) din li cc qu Dch theo hnh tn qu m ct ngha ton qui, gi l Thon t. n i con l Chu Cng n li em ra tng ho trong qu m ct ngha, gi l Ho t. Lc ngha bi chim l phn ln, cn ngha trit hc o c cha c xin minh cho lm. Qua Khng T mi ch trng v o l.

Khng T theo Thon t ca Vn Vng v Ho t ca Chu Cng m ging rng thm, nn gi l Thon Truyn v Tng Truyn. Gii cc tng ca cc qu, th gi l i tng; gii cc tng ca mi ho, th gi l Tiu tng. Li cn vit thm nhng thin H t Truyn, Thuyt qui Truyn, Tp qui Truyn (gm tt c 10 thin, gi l Thp Dc hay Dch Truyn).

Nhng cc hc gi cn kim th li phn i truyn thuyt cho rng Bt qui ca Dch l ca vua


73

Phc Hy na. H cho rng t i Thng v trc, cha c Bt qui. Ngi i Thng cha bit bi c thi m ch bit bi mai ra m thi. Php bi c thi do ngi i Chu tm ra thay th hoc b tc cho php bi mai ra. Cho nn Bt qui l do ngi nh Chu t ra34.

V tc gi ca Dch Truyn, th i khi c 3 thuyt chnh:

1. Thuyt ca Hn th;2. Thuyt ca S k;3. Thuyt ca ng in Nht ng.

Theo Hn th th Dch Truyn l do nhm in Sinh (tn l in H, Vng ng, Chu Vng Tn, inh Khoan, Phc Sinh lm ra) [Hn Vn].

Theo S k th cho rng Thng c, ngi nc L, c Khng T truyn cho sch Dch, C truyn cho ngi nc S l Hn T T Hong. Hong truyn cho Chu T Gia Thu nc Yn. Thu truyn cho Quang T Tha V Thun Vu. V truyn cho in T Tranh H T. Mi thin Dch Truyn l tc phm ca nhm ngi ny. Trong Thp Dc, Thon Truyn c sm hn, nhng c vit vo khong sau Mnh T. Tng Truyn th c mun hn, sau thi Thn T. H t Truyn v Vn Ngn Truyn vit vo thi Tn, sau khi Thy Hong thng nht

34 Phng Hu Lan, Trung Quc Trit S hc (Thng v) chng XV Quyn I.


74

Trung Hoa. Thuyt Qui, T Qui v Tp Qui c sau hn c, c l do ngi thi Hn vit ra.

Theo ng in Nht ng th Dch Truyn vit ra, c l vo khong nh Tn ang cm Thi, Th. Trong Dch Truyn khng h thy dn mt cu no trong Thi, Th c, nn rt c th nhn th khng ai dm ng n vn chng trong Thi, Th. Thuyt ny c H Thu Nguyn, trong C i Trung Quc Vn Ha s chp nhn.

i khi, nhm C vn Hc phi u tin Thp Dc l ca Khng T, nhm Kim vn Hc phi tri li, phn i thuyt trn, cho rng Khng T khng quan h g n Thp Dc. Tht l phn vn.

* V thuyt Thp Dc do tay Khng T sng tc,

nn tham kho Chu Dch Chnh Ngha [Hn Vn] ca Khng Dnh t.

V thuyt Thp Dc khng quan h g n Khng T, nn tham kho Dch Kinh Thng Lun [Hn Vn].

* V phe Tng hc, th nn tham kho Dch ng

T Vn v Dch Hoc Vn trong u Dng Vn Trung Cng Tp.

* i Kiu Chnh Thun [Hn Vn] mt hc gi

ngi Nht ni: Thp Dc do Khng T vit, ch thy c T M Thin trong S k ni n m thi. Cc sch Kinh Truyn, khng thy trng dn. V th


75

u Dng T mi sinh nghi, cc hc gi sau ny ua nhau bin bc sot li li vn ca Thp Dc, quyt khng phi ca mt ngi hay mt tay lm ra [Hn Vn]. nh th, nhng Vng Thn T c ni: Li vn H t, tin nho nhiu ngi cng nghi ng khng phi do tay Khng T lm ra, nhng trong tc gi Dch Truyn pht minh c ht mi l cng yu ca Dch, ch v cho ngi ta ng dng c ht cc php tc ca Dch mt cch gy gn, v vc, r rng c iu, c l, vy nu khng phi mt u c c y hon ton c ci hc Dch, quyt khng th no ni r ra c nh th. [Hn Vn]35.

Tnh Mc Chnh Thiu [Hn Vn] (ngi Nht) ni: Thp Dc Truyn l ca Khng T, cc hu nho thng c li bn ra ni vo. Ti c H T, thng thy hai ch T vit [Hn Vn] th cng nghi khng chc Khng T thn hnh vit ra. Nhng ri ngh k li, xt r li, thy H T, tc gi xin pht c nhiu l tinh vi r rng ht sc, ghi li c y du vt ca m Dng To Ha, cng nhng mu nhim ca Qu Thn, ca Tri t, ca Nhn Loi, khng c mt ci no l chng khi pht mt cch r rng ch v cho ngi i sau, [Hn Vn]. Nu chng phi vic lm ca mt bc thnh nhn th ai ti sc lm ni? Nu li em so snh vi li ni ca cc bc thy nh T T, Mnh T thc c th lm biu l cho nhau c.

35 Trch trong Chu Dch Lun Lc ca Trn Tr, trang 19-20


76

Kt lun li ni ca 2 hc gi Nht, Trn Tr chng nhn rng: Ti tin Khng T c vit Vn Ngn v H T, nhng cc hc gi sau ny chng khi gom nht nhng li ni v l l rt tinh thng, chng phi k khc lm ni36

Tm li, Dch l tc phm ca mt s hc phi. Rt c th Khng T ch a ra mt s gio l ct yu v hnh nhi thng cho mt s t c tm truyn lc Ngi v gi (ch khng vit nhng thin Dch Truyn)37. 300 nm sau, mi nh ghi thm mt m t tng v ln ln n i Hn th mi hon thnh.

* Bt u t Vn Vng v Chu Cng n, n l

mt tc phm ln ln c cu to trong khong 10 th k nn gom gp c rt nhiu kinh nghim v tinh hoa ca Lo hc v Khng hc hinh nhi thng.

*

CC PHI CA DCH HC

Dch hc c th chia lm 2 phi: 1. Phi Hn hc [Hn Vn]2. Phi Tng hc [Hn Vn]

36 Trch trong Chu Dch Lun Lc ca Trn Tr, trang 19-20 37 Khng T vn nhi h Dch, t Thon, H, Tng, Thuyt qui, Vn Ngn, c Dch vi bin tam tuyt (Khng T v gi ham kinh Dch lm cc thin Thon, H, Tng, Thuyt qui, Vn Ngn, c Kinh Dch n t 3 ln ba da (Khng T th gia) S k T M Thin.


77

A. Phi Hn hc li chia ra lm 2: a) Phi Kim vn [Hn Vn] b) Phi C vn [Hn Vn]

B. Phi Tng hc cng chia ra lm 2: a) Phi Ngha l [Hn Vn] b) Phi th [Hn Vn]

* a) Phi Kim Vn ca Dch hc i Hn, chia ra lm 4nh: 1. H Thi [Hn Vn] (Thi Th [Hn Vn]) 2. H Mnh [Hn Vn] (Mnh H [Hn Vn])3. H Lng [Hn Vn] (Lng Khu [Hn Vn])4. H Kinh [Hn Vn] (Kinh Phng [Hn Vn])

Bn nh ny thuc thi Ty Hn [Hn Vn], u c lp nh hc qun. Tn Thy Hong [Hn Vn] t sch, Dch Kinh b v b xem l mt quyn sch bi nn thot khi nn la Tn.

Qua thi Hn hng thnh c in H [Hn Vn] (do mn phi T H truyn cho) em 12 thin Dch ( 2 thin Kinh, 10 thin Truyn) truyn cho inh Khoan [Hn Vn]. inh Khoan truyn cho in Vng Tn [Hn Vn]; in Vng Tn truyn cho Thi Th [Hn Vn], Minh H [Hn Vn], Lng Khu H [Hn Vn].

Dch hc ca h Mnh li truyn cho Tiu Din Th [Hn Vn], Tiu Din Th truyn cho Kinh Phng [Hn Vn], bi vy mi c Dch hc ca h


78

Kinh. Kinh Phng chuyn bn v S, ch khng bn v l. Thut gia ngy nay u hc theo php gii ca h Kinh.

*

b) Phi C Vn ca Dch hc i Hn th c Dch hcca h Ph [Hn Vn].

Dch hc ca h Ph l Ph Trc [Hn Vn]. Ph Trc l ngi u tin em chia Thon Truyn, Tng Truyn v Vn Ngn truyn vo qu Kin, ph vo cc ho (tc l bn Kinh Dch i nay).

i Hn Tuyn (nm Cam L tam nin, 55 trc C.N.) sau cuc hi ngh Thch C Cc, nh vua chun theo li tu ngh ca qun nho cho ban hnh bn Dch ca h Lng lm sch gio khoa. Th l phi Kim Vn c trng dng. n i Hn Quang V, Dch hc ca cc h Thi, h Mnh, h Lng v h Kinh u c tin dng ngang hng vi Dch hc ca h Ph trong nhm C Vn.

Qua i Hn Linh , Trnh Huyn [Hn Vn] em bn Dch ca Ph Trc ra m ch gii v em Vn Ngn ca qu Khn ph vo cc ho. K ng thi xem Trnh Huyn nh bc thnh, nn bn Dch ca h Ph khng bao lu li c thnh hnh v tranh c ch ngi vi nhm Dch hc ca cc h Thi, h Mnh v h Lng.

n thi Tam Quc, Vng Tc [Hn Vn] ( nc Ngy) dn li bn Dch Truyn ca cha l Vng Lng [Hn Vn]. Sau Vng Bt [Hn Vn]


79

tham bc c ci hc ca Lo-Trang ch thm 2 thin Thng v H Kinh, chuyn ni v L.

Khng Dnh t [Hn Vn] vit ra b Chu Dch Chnh Ngha [Hn Vn] cng ly theo ch ca bn Vng Bt lm tn ch. ng thi L nh T [Hn Vn] theo bn ca Trnh Huyn son ra sch Chu Dch Tp Gii [Hn Vn]. S Trng [Hn Vn] son ra Chu Dch Khu Ngha Quyt [Hn Vn].

* Dch hc n i Tng cng chia ra lm 2 phi:

a) Phi Th [Hn Vn] (tc l phi Tungs hc)

b) Phi Ngha L [Hn Vn] (tc l phi Lhc)

a) Phi Th (chu nh hng su nng ca Lohc). Ngi gy thnh ci tin thanh ca phi ny l mt o gia, tr danh v Thut s hc, tn l Trn on [Hn Vn] t l Nam [Hn Vn], hiu l Hi Di [Hn Vn], vo khong Tng s, th k th X.

Trn on c son ra b sch tn l Dch Long [Hn Vn] cn c vo H [Hn Vn] v Lc Th [Hn Vn] nn gi tn chung ca phi hc ny l phi Th [Hn Vn].

Ci Dch hc ca Trn on li chia ra lm 2 chi nhnh:

Mt chi do Trn on [Hn Vn] truyn cho Mc Tu [Hn Vn]. Mc Tu truyn cho L T Ti [Hn Vn] (cng gi l L Chi Ti [Hn Vn]). L


80

Chi Ti truyn cho Thiu Ung [Hn Vn]; Thiu Ung truyn cho con l B n [Hn Vn], v B n son ra Dch Hc Bin Hoc [Hn Vn].

Mt chi na do Trn on truyn cho Trng Phng [Hn Vn]; Trng Phng truyn cho Ha Kin [Hn Vn]; Ha Kin truyn cho Phm Ngc Xng [Hn Vn]; Phm Ngc Xng truyn cho Lu Mc [Hn Vn], Lu Mc son ra quyn Dch S Cu n [Hn Vn].

V sau Dch hc ca Thiu Ung c thnh hnh, cn Dch hc ca Lu Mc th cng ngy cng suy vong.

Qua thi Nam Tng [Hn Vn], Chu Hy [Hn Vn] son ra quyn Chu Dch Bn Ngha [Hn Vn] v Dch Hc Khi Mng [Hn Vn] vi thm l dung hp 2 phi Th v Ngha L, mc d Chu Hy thin v phi L hc ch khng phi thuc v nhm Tng s hc.

Hong Tn Hy [Hn Vn] i Thanh son ra quyn Tng s Lun [Hn Vn]. Em ca Hy l Tn Vim [Hn Vn] vit ra quyn Th Bin Hoc [Hn Vn].

Mao K Linh [Hn Vn] son quyn Th Nguyn Bin [Hn Vn], H Vi [Hn Vn] vit ra Dch Minh Bin [Hn Vn].

Thy u thuc v phi Th. *

b) Phi Ngha L khi nguyn t H Vin [HnVn], H Vin vit ra quyn Dch Truyn [Hn Vn].


81

t ca H Vin l Ngh Thin n [Hn Vn] vit ra Chu Dch Khu Ngha [Hn Vn].

Trnh Di [Hn Vn] t ca Chu n Di [Hn Vn], li dng bn Dch ca Vng Bt, chuyn bn v L v bc ci thuyt ni v Tng S. n Chu Hy (i Nam Tng) chit trung c ci hc ca h Thiu [Hn Vn], h Chu [Hn Vn], h Trng [Hn Vn] (Trng Ti) v h Trnh [Hn Vn] (Trnh Di) m tp i thnh ci Dch hc trit trung i Tng trong nhng b Dch Bn Ngha [Hn Vn], Dch hc Khi mng [Hn Vn], Thi Cc Gii [Hn Vn], Thng Th Gii [Hn Vn].

Bn Dch hin thi, gi l Chu Dch i Ton [Hn Vn] l bn Dch c ch gii v bnh lun ca h Trnh [Hn Vn] (Trinh Di) v h Chu (Chu Hy [Hn Vn]).

* Dch hc i Tng ngoi 2 phi ni trn, cn c

nhng phi ch trng ly s vt bn ngoi m ging gii Dch L, hoc ch trng ly tm thc bn trong m ging gii Dch L. Ch trng ly s vt gii ngha kinh Dch th c T M Quang [Hn Vn], Trng Ti [Hn Vn] lm i biu; cn ch trng ly tm thc ging gii kinh Dch th c Dng Gin [Hn Vn] lm i biu. Khng v li c v khng quan trng nn ti xin

b qua Hnh ng PHC HY


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CHNG II


83

A. THI CC V LNG NGHI

Ct ty ca kinh Dch nm trong cu ny ca H t thng: Dch hu Thi cc, th sinh Lng nghi, Lng nghi sinh T tng, T tng sinh Bt qui. [Hn Vn]. Dch c Thi cc, Thi cc sinh Lng nghi, Lng nghi sinh T tng, T tng sinh Bt qui, Ch sinh y c ngha l bin (sinh gi bin d), ch khng c ngha l t ci khng sinh ra ci c.

Nh th, Dch l lch trnh i bin ha ca V tr Vn Vt. C th ni rng khi im ca lch trnh bin ha Thi cc. Thi cc y, l mt th kh thin nhin, mt th linh cn bt dit, v cng huyn diu, trong tim phc hai nguyn l m-Dng. Ni Thi cc sinh Lng nghi, k thc ch sinh c ngha l ng hin, v hai nguyn l mu thun trc khi thnh hnh, tim n trong Thi cc38. Ci kh ca Thi cc cng c gi l Hn nguyn Kh, hoc gi l Nguyn kh (souffle orginel).

Theo Trnh Huyn Thi cc l o cc trung, l kh thun ha cha b phn i. V vy, ta c th ngh rng: V cc l mt bu in kh cha phn m in v dng in. Gi l m in hay dng in, thc s khong phi l hai vt khc nhau, m l ch 38 Bc s Hubert Benoit cng c vit: Php vn. Tc l ci m o hc gi Hn nguyn Kh ca V tr cha hin ra trong vn vt. Dch hc gi l THI CC, THI HA, THI HUYN, THI NHT Lo gi l Xung kh, tc l ci kh ca H V (trong cu Xung kh d vi HA) [Hn Vn]. Xem quyn Tinh hoa o hc ng Phng).


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mt cht in, nhng mc khc nhau, ha ra c hai lung in khc nhau (la difference de potentiel produit le courant). Hai lung in y v khc tnh nn hp dn nhau (nh trong hin trng t kh, m v dng thu ht ln nhau) gy ra s va chm v pht sinh ra nh sng. Ci nh sng u tin hin ra c ghi nhn qu PHC ni ln kh dng s ho qu Chn ( ). Nn mi ni: Vn Vt xut h Chn [Hn Vn].

a

PHC [Hn Vn]Li

H t thng c cu: Kin Khn k Dch chi un da? Kin Khn thnh lit nhi Dch lp h k trung h. Kin Khn hy, tc v d kin Dch, Dch bt kh kin, tc Kin Khn hoc c tc d. [Hn Vn]. (Kin Khn cha ng mi ci gc ca mi s bin ha chng? C h thy by lit ra thnh hai qu Kin Khn (m dng) th mm bin ng nm ngay trong ri. Cho nn Kin Khn m hy dit th c g cho ta thy s bin ha na, cng nh s bin ha m khng cn thy na, th Kin Khn c h cng dt mt lun).

Tt c mi bin ha nh ln g trn i u do t hai ci l m dng m ra. C c m ln dng mi c bin ha, nht nh khng c trng thi c m hay c dng. Nu ch c mt m hay mt dng, th m y hay dng y s b t dit, u m Dch khng chp nhn: vt bt kh d trung tn vt


85

v bc tn chi l([Hn Vn]). Vt, khng vt no c th b tiu hy n cng m cng khng c ci l no rng vt s b hy hoi n cng39. Bi vy s khng bao gi c ci tng c m hay c dng, v hai l y khng bao gi ri nhau m tn ti. Hai l m Dng rng buc nhau trong Thi cc bt c trong mt Thi cc no, ln hay nh n u. Dch hc nhn rng cc hu Thi cc [Hn Vn] ngha l khng c s vt no trong i m t n khng phi l mt Thi cc, t vic cc t n vic cc i40. Ngay trong Thi cc Lng nghi: mi nghi cng li l mt Thi cc: im Dng trong m, im m

39 Dch l sinh sinh chi v Dch [Hn Vn], v ci c ln ca Tri t l s sinh (H t h truyn): Sinh, l sng. V vy m Dng khng th tuyt, cng nh m khng th tuyt. m v Dng khng th tuyt, tc l n phi khng bao gi ri nhau, v ri nhau s khng c ci no tn ti. im ny rt quan trng: khng bao gi c s th tiu ln nhau, n phng tn ti. Tm vt l mt, khng phi hai (bt nh). [Php vn] (Lng nghi t tng ha. Chnh l l vn then cht ca mi cuc sinh ha. Nhn thy lng cc l hai i cc chng i nhau, nhn mnh s khc bit ca chng, mun nghing hn theo mt bn ny ph nhn hn bn kia l mt s sai lm hon ton. Tit iu c ngha mt s lun phin tip ni nhau nh ht ngy n m, ht m n ngy, ch u phi tuyt i i hn theo mt chiu no. Kin v Khn (hay Sng v Ti, Thin v c): khng c ci vic la chn theo hn mt con ng no mt cch quyt lit tuyt i, dng nh ch c con ng ny mi l con ng cu thot cn con ng kia hon ton l con ng ca s sa a). 40 [Php vn] Mi ht nguyn t u gm c ci vc ca ci th vc ca v tr. Nguyn t khng ch cn l mt ci tiu kin khn ring l v khp kn, nh chng ta tng tng N l mt trung tm cc tiu ca v tr (hay l tiu v tr)


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trong Dng bin Dng thnh mt Thi cc, m thnh mt Thi cc. Mi ci u cha c m Dng. cng gi l t tng s bn rng sau ny.

y l mt quy lut rt quan trng: d l mt phn t nh b ri rc n bc no cng cha ng y mt ton th nh ci i ton th ca v tr (le tout cosmique). Hay ni mt cch khc ngi l mt tiu v tr (microcosme) cng ng mt cu to t chc nh mt i v tr (macrocosme).

Chnh y l nguyn l i hp (principe de correspondance). Nguyn l ny c th gom vo cu sau y ca Herms Trismgiste: Ci trn ging nh ci di, ci di cng ging nh ci trn41; qu Kin cng ng cch cu to nh qu Khn, v tt c cc qu cng ng mt cch cu to nh qu Kin, t ho s n ho thng.

Tt c, t nh n ln, u chu chung mt quy lut nh th. Cho nn bit c chn tng ca mt s vt cc tiu cng c th bit c chn tng ca ci cc i, cng nh tt c mi s vt trn i.

Trnh T (Y Xuyn) c ni: Nht nhn chi tm, tc thin a chi tm; nht vt chi l, tc vn vt chi l. [Hn Vn]. Ci Tm ca mi ngi l ci L ca vn vt. Bit r phn t th cng bit r c c ton th. V chnh v th, mt trit gia ng phng mi c quyt: Bt xut h nhi tri thin h; bt khuy d

41 Ce qui est en Haut est comme ce qui est en Bas; Ce qui est en Bas est comme ce qui est en Haut.

(Table dEmeraude)


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nhi kin thin o (Khng ra khi ca m bit c vic di tri; khng nhn qua khe ca m thy r o Tri). L ngha g? Tc l ch Mnh T bo: Vn vt giai b ng, phn thn nhi thnh, lc mc i yn [Hn Vn]. Vn vt u gm ni ta, thnh thc tr v , cn vui no bng! T tri gi minh42 [Hn Vn] l vy. Lc Tng Sn c quyt: V tr tin th ng tm v ng tm tin th v tr. Chu Hy cng rt lu n im ny khi ng ni: Nhn nhn hu nht Thi cc; vn vt hu nht Thi cc [Hn Vn]. Ai ai, cng u c mt Thi cc; vn vt, vt no cng c mt Thi cc. ng ni thm: Thi cc, l m ch ci L ca Tri t Vn Vt. Cho nn ly vic Tri t m ni, th Tri t l mt Thi cc; cn ly vn vt m ni, th trong mi vt u l mt Thi cc. (Thi cc ch th Thin a vn vt chi l; ti thin a ngn, tc thin a trung hu Thi cc; ti vn vt ngn, tc vn vt trung cc hu Thi cc). Trong mi vt, vt no cng c mt Thi cc, vy th c my th Thi cc hay ch c mt Thi cc m tan ra thnh mun mnh th sao gi Thi cc l bt tng bt gim?

Chu T a ra mt hnh nh khu gi y thi v ny ta d hi. ng ni: gc vn ch l mt Thi cc. Mun vt u bm th Thi cc y, v t mnh c mt Thi cc. Chng khc no mt trng trn tri vn c mt, kp khi tn ra cc mt sng h, ch no cng thy mt trng. Khng th v vy m

42 Bit mnh, l sng (Lo-T)


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cho rng mt trng b chia ra lm mun mnh43. [Hn Vn] (Bn ch th nht Thi cc, nhi vn vt cc hu bm th, hu t cc ton k nht Thi cc nh. Nh nguyt ti thin, ch nht nhi d, cp tn ti giang h, tc ty x nhi kin, bt kh v nguyt phn d).

Ngi va l mt tiu v tr (microcosme), m cng va l mt i v tr (macrocosme). L mt tiu v tr, ngha l mt v tr thu nh li, hay l, mt tng th ca v tr l i vi ci i v tr trong khng gian v tn ca tinh t hng h, bao la, vn tng, (Univers sidral). i vi ci i v tr, th ngi ch l mt vt cc tiu, c th khng nhn thy c di knh hin vi. Nhng i vi mt vt nh hn n nhiu, nh mt ht nguyn t, th ngi li s ln v cng nh mt i v tr44. Tc l ch Trang-T, ni thin Thu Thy, bo: Bit tri t nh ht thc, bit my lng nh hn ni, ngha l nhn ci ln hn m cho l ln, th vn vt khng c vt no khng nh. V vy ta c th ni: ln nh nh nhau, thy l mt Thi cc.

43 Ton th, Quyn I C ngi ph bnh rng li loi suy ny khng c vng vng. Thit ngh gi l loi suy tc th l loi suy, vy ch c loi suy no ng vng, v d dn u phi l chng minh. Li dng hnh nh, nht l ca ng phng, ch khu gi m thi. Ch li hnh vn ny l khng xc ng nh khoa hc th lm sao m hiu ni, hay c ni mt trang sch ca Trang-T hay Lit-T, ni chi l Dch kinh. 44 [Php vn] Nh Pht c cu th: Kin Khn tn th mao u thng; Nht Nguyt bao hm gii t trung. (Kin Khn rt li u lng nh; Nht Nguyt nm trong ht ci mng).


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* Ta cng c th thy rng mt t d v t kh hc

l hi: -Ly mt ming st di, hai u mt m mt

dng A v B. B n ra

Dịch Học Tinh Hoa

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