1. 1 61 tnh thnh Vit Nam Mc lc Mc lc...........................................................................1 Bn a hnh Vit Nam.................................................3 Bn v tr cc tnh........................................................4 Vi hng tng qut..........................................................5 An Giang.......................................................................14 B Ra - Vng Tu..........................................................24 Bc Liu........................................................................40 Bc Cn........................................................................46 Bc Giang.....................................................................52 Bc Ninh.......................................................................60 Bn Tre.........................................................................72 Bnh Dng...................................................................80 Bnh nh......................................................................86 Bnh Phc....................................................................98 Bnh Thun..................................................................102 C Mau........................................................................110 Cao Bng.....................................................................116 Cn Th.......................................................................122 Nng.......................................................................129 c Lc........................................................................140 ng Nai......................................................................149 ng Thp...................................................................159 Gia Lai.........................................................................169 H Giang......................................................................175 H Nam.......................................................................181 H Ni.........................................................................188 H Ty.........................................................................206 H Tnh........................................................................223 Hi Dng....................................................................234 Hi Phng....................................................................246 Ha Bnh......................................................................256 Hng Yn....................................................................263 Khnh Ha...................................................................271 Kin Giang...................................................................282 Kon Tum......................................................................292 Lai Chu......................................................................298 Lng Sn.....................................................................304 Lo Cai........................................................................313 Lm ng....................................................................323 Long An.......................................................................334 Nam nh....................................................................340

2. 2 Ngh An......................................................................352 Ninh Bnh....................................................................363 Ninh Thun..................................................................376 Ph Th.......................................................................382 Ph Yn.......................................................................389 Qung Bnh..................................................................397 Qung Nam..................................................................407 Qung Ngi..................................................................423 Qung Ninh..................................................................432 Qung Tr.....................................................................455 Si Gn........................................................................463 Sc Trng....................................................................493 Sn La.........................................................................499 Ty Ninh......................................................................504 Thi Bnh.....................................................................509 Thi Nguyn................................................................517 Thanh Ha...................................................................525 Tha Thin - Hu.........................................................539 Tin Giang...................................................................560 Tr Vinh.......................................................................569 Tuyn Quang...............................................................575 Vnh Long....................................................................579 Vnh Phc....................................................................588 Yn Bi........................................................................596 3. 3 4. 4 5. 5 Vi hng tng qut Din tch : 330.991 cy s vung. Dn s : (2001) 78.685.800 ngi. Th : H Ni V TR : Kinh tuyn : 102 10' - 109 30' ng. V tuyn : 8 30' - 23 22' Bc. Nc Cng ho x hi ch ngha Vit Nam l mt di t hnh ch S, nm trung tm khu vc ng Nam , pha ng bn o ng Dng, pha Bc gip Trung Quc, pha Ty gip Lo, Campuchia, pha ng v Nam trng ra bin ng v Thi Bnh Dng. B bin Vit Nam di 3260 km, bin gii t lin di 3730 km. Trn t lin, t im cc Bc n im cc Nam (theo ng chim bay) di 1650 km, t im cc ng sang im cc Ty ni rng nht 600 km (Bc b), 400 km (Nam b), ni hp nht 50 km (Qung Bnh). Vit Nam l u mi giao thng t n Dng sang Thi Bnh Dng. KH HU : Vit Nam nm trong vng kh hu nhit i v nhit i c gi ma, c nh nng chan ho, lng ma di do v m cao. Mt s ni gn ch tuyn hoc vng ni cao c tnh cht kh hu n i. Nhit trung bnh t 22 n 27C, rt thch hp vi khch du lch. Tuy nhin 6. 6 nhit trung bnh tng ni c khc nhau, H Ni 23C, thnh ph H Ch Minh 26C, Hu 25C. Kh hu Vit Nam c hai ma r rt, ma kh rt (t thng 11 n thng 4 nm sau), ma ma nng (t thng 5 n thng 10), nhit thay i theo ma r rt nht cc tnh pha Bc, giao ng nhit gia cc ma chnh nhau n 12C. cc tnh pha Nam, s chnh lch nhit gia cc ma khng ng k, ch khong 3C. cc tnh pha bc, kh hu thay i bn ma : Xun, H, Thu, ng. A HNH : Lnh th Vit Nam bao gm 3 phn 4 l i ni. Bn vng ni chnh l : Vng ni ng Bc (cn gi l Vit Bc). Ko di t thung lng sng Hng n vnh Bc b. Ti y c nhiu danh lam thng cnh ni ting nh cc ng Tam Thanh, Nh Thanh (Lng Sn), hang Pc P, thc Bn Gic (Cao Bng), h Ba B (Bc Cn), ni Yn T, vnh H Long (Qung Ninh). nh ni Ty Cn Lnh cao nht vng ng Bc : 2431 m. Vng ni Ty Bc Ko di t bin gii pha Bc (gip Trung Quc) ti min Ty tnh Thanh Ho. y l vng ni cao hng v, c Sa Pa (Lo Cai) cao 1500 m so vi mt bin, ni ngh mt l tng, ni tp trung ng cc tc ngi H' Mng, Dao, Kinh, Ty, Giy, Hoa, X Ph... Vng ni Ty Bc cn c di tch chin trng lng danh in Bin Ph v nh ni Phan - Xi - Png, cao 3143 m. Vng ni Trng Sn Bc 7. 7 T min Ty tnh Thanh Ho n vng ni Qung Nam - Nng, c ng Phong Nha (Qung Bnh) k th v nhng ng o ni ting nh o Ngang, o Hi Vn... c bit c ng mn H Ch Minh c th gii bit n nhiu bi nhng k tch ca ngi Vit Nam trong cuc khng chin v i ln th hai. Vng ni Trng Sn Nam Nm pha Ty cc tnh Nam Trung b. Sau nhng khi ni s l mt vng t rng ln c gi l Ty Nguyn (cao nguyn pha Ty). Vng t y huyn thoi ny cn cha ng nhiu iu b n v thc vt, ng vt, nht l nn vn ha c sc ca cc b tc t ngi. Thnh ph Lt, ni ngh mt l tng c hnh thnh t cui th k 19. Vit Nam c hai ng bng ln l ng bng chu th sng Hng v ng bng chu th sng Cu Long... ng bng sng Hng (ng bng Bc b). Rng khong 15.000 km c bi t bi ph sa ca hai con sng ln l sng Hng v sng Thi Bnh. y l a bn c tr ca ngi Vit c, cng l ni hnh thnh nn vn minh la nc. ng Bng sng Cu Long (ng bng Nam b). - Rng khong 36.000km, l vng t ph nhiu, kh hu thun li. y l va la ln nht ca Vit Nam. Trn lnh th Vit Nam c hng nghn con sng ln, nh. Dc b bin, c khong 20 km li c mt ca sng, do h thng giao thng thy kh thun li. Hai h thng sng quan trng l sng Hng min Bc v sng M Kng (cn gi l Cu Long) min Nam. 8. 8 Vit Nam c 3260 km b bin, nu c dp i dc theo b bin Vit Nam bn s c m mnh trong ln nc xanh ca nhng bi bin p nh Tr C, Sm Sn, Lng C, Non Nc, Nha Trang, Vng Tu, H Tin... C ni ni n lan ra bin to thnh v p k th nh vnh H Long, c UNESCO cng nhn l di sn thin nhin th gii. Vit Nam c nhiu hi cng ln nh Hi Phng, Nng, Qui Nhn, Cam Ranh, Vng Tu, Si Gn... Gia vng bin Vit Nam cn c h thng o v qun o gm hng ngn o ln nh nm ri rc t Bc n Nam, trong c hai qun o Hong Sa v Trng Sa. Rng v t rng chim mt din tch ln trn lnh th Vit Nam. Cc khu rng quc gia c nh nc bo v v c k hoch pht trin du lch sinh thi bn vng. Nhng khu rng qu li c thin nhin "chia" cho nhiu a phng trn c nc : rng Ba V (H Ty), rng Ct B (Hi Phng), rng Cc Phng (Ninh Bnh), rng Bch M (Hu), rng Ct Tin (ng Nai), rng Cn o v.v.. Vit Nam l nc c ngun ti nguyn khong sn phong ph. Di lng t c nhiu khong sn qu nh : thic, km, bc, vng, angtimoan, qu, than . thm lc a ca Vit Nam c nhiu du m, kh t. Ngun sui nc khong cng rt phong ph : sui khong Quang Hanh (Qung Ninh), sui khong Hi Vn (Bnh nh), sui khong Vnh Ho (Bnh Thun), sui khong Dc M (Nha Trang), sui khong Kim Bi (Ho Bnh) v.v.. * 9. 9 Lc s T u thi i ng thau, cc b lc ngi Vit nh c chc chn Bc B v Bc Trung B. By gi c khong 15 b lc Lc Vit sng ch yu min trung du v ng bng Bc B, hng chc b lc u Vit sng ch yu min Vit Bc. Ti nhiu ni, ngi Lc Vit v ngi u Vit sng xen k vi nhau, bn cnh cc thnh phn dn c khc. Do nhu cu tr thu, nhu cu chng ngoi xm v do vic trao i kinh t, vn ho ngy cng gia tng, cc b lc sinh sng gn gi nhau c xu hng tp hp v thng nht li. Trong s cc b lc Lc Vit, b lc Vn Lang hng mnh hn c. Th lnh b lc ny l ngi ng ra thng nht tt c cc b lc Lc Vit, dng ln nc Vn Lang, t xng l vua, m s c gi l Hng Vng v con chu ng nhiu i v sau vn ni truyn danh hiu . Cn c vo cc ti liu s hc, c th tm xc nh a bn nc Vn Lang tng ng vi vng Bc B v bc Trung B nc ta hin nay cng vi mt phn pha nam Qung ng, Qung Ty (Trung Quc). Thi gian tn ti ca nc Vn Lang khong t u thin nin k I trc Cng nguyn n th k 3 trc Cng nguyn. Nm 221 trc Cng Nguyn, Tn Thu Hong cho qun xm lc t ca ton b cc nhm ngi Vit. Thc Phn, th lnh lin minh cc b lc u Vit, c tn lm ngi lnh o cuc chin chng Tn. Nm 208 trc Cng Nguyn, qun Tn phi rt lui. Vi uy th ca mnh, Thc Phn xng vng (An Dng Vng), lin kt cc b lc Lc Vit v u Vit li, dng nn nc u Lc. Nm 179 trc Cng Nguyn, Triu , vua nc Nam Vit, tung qun nh chim u Lc. Cuc khng c ca An Dng Vng tht bi. Sut 7 th k tip , 10. 10 mc d cc th lc phong kin phng Bc thay nhau h, chia nc ta thnh nhiu chu, qun vi nhng tn gi khc l m chng t ra, nhng vn khng xo ni ci tn "u Lc" trong thc, tnh cm v sinh hot thng ngy ca nhn dn ta. Ma xun nm 542, L B khi ngha nh ui qun Lng, gii phng lnh th. Thng 2-544, L B ln ngi Hong , t quc hiu l Vn Xun, khng nh nim t tn dn tc, tinh thn c lp v mong mun t nc c bn vng mun i. Chnh quyn L B tn ti khng lu ri li ri vo vng h ca cc triu i phong kin phng Trung Quc (t nm 602). Quc hiu Vn Xun b vi dp v ch c khi phc sau khi Ng Quyn nh tan qun Nam Hn bng chin thng Bch ng nm 938, chm dt thi k Bc thuc. Nm 968, inh B Lnh dp yn cc s qun ct c, thng nht quc gia, ln ngi Hong v cho i quc hiu l i C Vit (nc Vit ln). Quc hiu ny duy tr sut i inh (968-979), Tin L (980-1009) v u thi L (1010-1053). Nm 1054, nhn im lnh ln l vic xut hin mt ngi sao sng chi nhiu ngy mi tt, nh L lin cho i tn nc l i Vit v quc hiu i Vit c gi nguyn n ht thi Trn. Thng 3-1400, H Qu Ly ph Trn Thiu , lp ra nh H v cho i tn nc thnh i Ngu ("ngu" ting c c ngha l "s yn vui"). Quc hiu tn ti n khi gic Minh nh bi triu H (thng 4-1407). Sau 10 nm khng chin (1418-1427), cuc khi ngha chng Minh ca L Li ton thng. Nm 1428, L Li ln ngi, t tn nc l i Vit (lnh th nc ta lc 11. 11 ny v pha Nam ti Hu). Quc hiu i Vit c gi qua sut thi hu L (1428-1787) v thi Ty Sn (1788-1810). Nm 1802, Nguyn nh ng quang, m u thi Nguyn v cho i tn nc l Vit Nam, Quc hiu Vit Nam c cng nhn hon ton v mt ngoi giao tr thnh chnh thc vo nm 1804. Tuy nhin, hai ting "Vit Nam" li thy xut hin t kh sm trong lch s nc ta. Ngay t cui th k 14 c mt b sch nhan Vit Nam th ch do trng nguyn H Tng Thc bin son. Cun D a ch ca Nguyn Tri (u th k 15) nhiu ln nhc n hai ch "Vit Nam". iu ny cn c cp r rng trong nhng tc phm ca trng Trnh Nguyn Bnh Khim (1491-1585), chng hn ngay trang m u tp Trnh tin sinh quc ng c cu : "Vit Nam khi t xy nn". Ngi ta cng tm thy hai ch "Vit Nam" trn mt s tm bia khc t th k 16-17 nh bia cha Bo Lm (1558) Hi Phng, bia cha Cam L (1590) H Ty, bia cha Phc Thnh (1664) Bc Ninh... c bit bia Thu Mn nh (1670) bin gii Lng Sn c cu u : "Vit Nam hu thit, trn Bc i quan" (y l ca ng yt hu ca nc Vit Nam v l tin n trn gi phng Bc). V ngha, phn ln cc gi thuyt u cho rng t "Vit Nam" kin to bi hai yu t : chng tc v a l (ngi Vit phng Nam). n i vua Minh Mng (1820-1840), quc hiu c i thnh i Nam. D vy, hai ting "Vit Nam" vn c s dng rng ri trong cc tc phm vn hc, trong nhiu giao dch dn s v quan h x hi. Ngy 19-8-1945, Cch mng Thng Tm thnh cng, lt hon ton ch thng tr phong kin v thc dn, m ra mt k nguyn mi. Ngy 2-9-1945, Ch 12. 12 tch H Ch Minh c Tuyn ngn c lp, khai sinh nc Vit Nam dn ch cng ho. Sut 30 nm tip theo, tuy t nc lm vo cnh chin tranh, ri chia ct, hai ting "Vit nam" vn c ph bin t Bc ch Nam v tr thnh thn thit, thing ling vi mi ngi. Ngy 30-4-1975, min Nam c gii phng, non sng quy v mt mi. Ngy 2- 7-1976, trong k hp u tin ca Quc hi nc Vit Nam thng nht, ton th Quc hi nht tr ly tn nc l Cng ho x hi ch ngha Vit Nam. Hin php nm 1980 v hin php nm 1992 tip tc khng nh quc hiu , a n tr thnh chnh thc c v php l ln trn thc t. Ngn ng Vit Nam l t nc c 54 dn tc. Mi dn tc u c ting ni v sc thi vn ho ring nhng li c chung mt nn vn ho thng nht. Tnh thng nht ca nn vn ho Vit Nam biu hin thc cng ng, gn b gia cc dn tc vi nhau trong qu trnh dng nc v gi nc. Ting Vit c s dng l ting ph thng, l cng c giao tip chung ca cc dn tc sng trn di t Vit Nam. Cng vi s pht trin ca t nc, ngy nay phc v cho giao lu quc t nhiu ngn ng nc ngoi cng c s dng Vit Nam nh ting Anh, Php, Nga, Hoa, c... Nn tng vn ho truyn thng ca Vit Nam l vn ho dn gian. l kho tng vn ho giu c phong ph vi nhng truyn thn thoi, truyn thuyt, c tch, ca dao, h v..., l nhng ln iu dn ca, cc hnh thc sn khu dn gian phong ph. Nn vn ha dn gian y pht trin di dng truyn ming trc khi c 13. 13 ch vit Vit Nam. Song song vi dng vn hc truyn ming, nn vn hc bc hc bt u xut hin Vit Nam vi cc tc phm vit bng ch Hn (th k th X). Trong sut mt thi gian di, cc nn vn ho phng Bc, vn ho n thng qua o Pht, o Nho nh hng su sc n nn vn hc v ch vit ca Vit Nam. Tuy nhin bn sc ca vn ho Vit Nam vn c bo v v pht trin vi vic xut hin vn hc ch Nm (ci bin ca ch Hn theo m ting Vit) vo th k XIII. c bit vo th k XVII, mt s gio s phng Ty s dng ch ci La Tinh phin m ting Vit v nh vy ra i ch Quc ng. Sau hai th k, ch Quc ng ngy cng ph bin v tr thnh ch vit chnh thc ca Vit Nam. T cui th k XIX, dng vn hc bng ch quc ng ra i v pht trin mnh m (vn xui, vn vn, truyn, th,...). Sau Cch mng thng Tm, nn vn hc hin i Vit Nam chuyn sang mt giai on mi mang tnh dn tc v tnh hin i su sc. Vit Nam gii thiu nhiu thnh tu vn hc ca mnh, t vn hc c in n vn hc hin i ra nc ngoi v nhiu tc phm, tc gi Vit Nam c th gii bit n. * 14. 14 An Giang Dien tch : 3424 km. Dan so : 1.592.600 ngi (2001). Tnh l : Thanh pho Long Xuyen. Th xa : Th xa Chau oc. Cac huyen : Ch mi, An Phu, Tan Chau, Phu Tan, Chau Phu, Tnh Bien, Tri Ton, Chau Thanh, Thoai Sn. Dan toc : Viet (Kinh), Khmer, Cham, Hoa... An Giang la mot tnh mien Tay Nam bo thuoc ong bang song Cu Long, bat au t cho song Me Kong chay vao nc ta c chia lam oi. Pha ong va ong bac An Giang giap ong Thap, pha ong nam giap Can Th, pha nam va tay nam giap Kien Giang, pha tay giap Cam Pu Chia. Khac vi cac tnh ong bang song Cu Long, ben canh vung ong bang phu sa, An Giang con co mot mien nui nho, dai 30 km, rong 13 km. o la am bay nui (That Sn) cac huyen Tnh Bien, Tri Ton. Pha tay tnh chay song song vi bien gii la kenh Vnh Te, c ao nam 1823 noi t Chau oc en Ha Tien. An Giang nam trong vung kh hau nhiet i gio mua, nhiet o trung bnh 27C, cao nhat t 35 - 36C vao thang 4 va thang 5, thap nhat t 20 - 21C vao thang 12 va thang 1. Lng ma trung bnh 1400 - 1500 mm, co hai mua ro ret, mua ma t thang 5 en thang 11, mua kho t thang 12 en thang 4 nam sau. Hang nam An Giang van on nhan con nc lu khoang t 2,5 thang en 5 thang va hnh thanh "mua nc noi". An Giang la tnh ng au ca nc ve san lng lua (tren 2 trieu tan), ngoai cay lua con trong bap, au nanh va nuoi trong thuy san nc ngot nh ca, tom... An Giang con noi tieng vi cac nghe thu cong truyen thong nh lua Tan Chau, mam Chau oc, moc ch Thu, banh phong Phu Tan, kho bo va cac mat hang tieu dung. ac biet la nghe det vai thu cong lau i cua ong bao Cham va nghe nuoi ca be ac trng cua vung song nc. Thanh pho Long Xuyen tren hu ngan song Hau, cach Sai Gon 189 km , c hnh thanh vao au the ky 19. 15. 15 An Giang c nhieu du khach biet en vi cac danh lam thang canh : Nui Sam, Chua Ba Chua X, nui Cam, he thong hang ong Thuy ai Sn, Anh Vu Sn, Sn Vien Co To. Sinh hot, kinh t Dan chung sinh song trong tnh An Giang phan ln la ngi Kinh, ke en la ngi Viet goc Khmer, goc Cham va goc Trung Hoa. Cac ton giao la ao Phat, Hoa Hao, Cao ai va Thien Chua. Nong nghiep la nghe can ban cua ong bao ta tai An Giang. Ngoai hoa mau chnh la lua gao, con co cac loai nong san phu ang ke la ngo, au xanh, cac loai rau, cac loai da, cau (na), chuoi, da, thuoc la, dau, thot not... ng thot not rat ngon. Nui Ba The co mo vo so rat ln. Vo so tien dung trong nong nghiep va che bien thc an trong nuoi gia suc. Nui Sap co mo a hoa cng dung cho xay cat va trang thach dung lam o trang sc. Nhng vung gan song ngoi, kinh rach, dan ta hanh nghe anh ca, tom , nuoi vt va lam nc mam, ca kho. Trc nam 1975, hai nghanh anh ca va nuoi gia suc phat trien manh trong tnh. Viec nuoi ca ao ho rat phat at, nhat la nuoi ca tra. ac biet, vung cu lao Ong Chng co rat nhieu ca, tom, nen mien Nam co cau ca dao : "Ba phen qua noi vi dieu. Cu lao Ong Chng co nhieu ca tom". "Ong Chng" la tieng goi tat chc "Chng dinh" cua ong Nguyen Hu Canh khi em quan i dep giac bien gii Viet - Mien, sau Mien Chua phai i cau hoa. ay la cu lao ln va tru phu nhat Long Xuyen, huyen Ch Mi sam uat nh mot tnh l mien Tay. Ngoai ra nghe moc lam ban ghe, ong ghe tau va det vai cung rat thnh hanh. Rng nui Chau oc mang lai nhieu li ch cho tnh, at biet la go quy nh : giang hng, cao, go, mu u. Nui Sam va nui Tra S co a trang thach, a hoa cng va cac loai a dung trong cong nghiep. Nui Dai, nui Co To co mo a hat long lanh dung lam trang sc. a em lai nguon li rat ln cho tnh. Chau oc con co ong mat, ong ruoi em lai so lng sap ong, mat ong kha nhieu. Dan ta dung la cac 16. 16 rng tram che bien dau nong. Vung rng That Sn co tren 150 loai cay lam thuoc nam. Hai song Tien, song Hau Giang co nhieu ca va dan chung cung nuoi them ca nc ngot ao ho. Rng tram co ca ong, ca linh lam nc mam ngon. Ai ve Chau oc cung phai thng thc tho san la mam Chau oc ngon noi tieng. Trong cac nganh nuoi gia suc, nghe nuoi bo thnh hanh nhat. Dan chung hp "ch trau bo" rat ong di chan nui Sam moi thang ba lan. Tuc ng co cau : "mam Chau oc, doc Nam Vang, bo Chau Giang, kinh Vnh Te". Chau oc co nhieu ao ho thien nhien. at biet la ho "Bung Bnh Thien" gia Khanh Bnh va Nhn Hoi, rong tren 300 mau, co nhieu tom ca. Ngoai ra dan chung con trong thuoc la, dau tam, det lua, nhuom hang va cac nghanh nghe tieu thu cong nghiep khac. Nghe trong dau nuoi tam quan Tan Chau kha pho bien. Viec nuoi tam rat cc khi tam an "an ba, an roi". Tuc ng co cau "lam ruong an cm nam, nuoi tam an cm ng" la vay. T lua lanh Tan Chau noi tieng khap ni. Lc s An Giang thuoc Thuy Chan Lap, c vua Nac Ton dang cho chua Nguyen Phuc Khoat (1738 - 1765) e en n lap mnh len vua va giup dep noi loan. Nam inh Su 1757, at An Giang thuoc ba ao : ao ong Khau (x Sa ec), ao Tan Chau (x Cu Lao Hau Giang) va ao Chau oc (x Chau oc Hau Giang). Tat ca ba ao eu thuoc dinh Long Ho. Nam Ky, thi cac chua Nguyen c chia lam bon dinh, ba dinh kia la Tran Bien tc Bien Hoa, Phien Tran tc Gia nh va Tran nh tc nh Tng. Nam 1805, Gia Long chia Nam Ky lam nam tran, luc o at An Giang va Vnh Long hop thanh tran Vnh Thanh. Nam 1832, Minh Mang oi cac tran thanh tnh va Nam Ky goi la Gia nh. An Giang tr thanh tnh rieng gom hai phu Tuy Bien, Tan Thanh va bon huyen Tay Xuyen, Phong Phu, ong Xuyen va Vnh An di quyen cai tr cua tong oc An - Ha (An Giang - Ha Tien). Thi Phap thuoc, at An Giang b chia ra thuoc sau tnh mi : Long Xuyen, Chau oc, Bac Lieu, Soc Trang, Can Th va Sa ec. 17. 17 Khi quan Phap tien chiem cac tnh mien Tay th ngi dan An Giang a theo hai anh hung Vo Duy Dng va Tran Van Thanh khang chien. Cac on bot cua giac quanh vung Long Xuyen khong bao gi yen on vi cac cuoc tan cong cua ngha quan. Nam 1910 mot so nha cach mang ong Kinh Ngha Thuc b Phap ay an tr tai mien Nam, trong so nay co hai ong Le ai, Dng Ba Trac b a ve Long Xuyen. Nhng sau o hai ong van b mat hoat ong, m trng day hoc, truyen ba tinh than yeu nc en thanh nien. Nam 1914, anh hung Lng Ngoc Quyen xuong mien Nam e lien lac vi nhng ngi yeu nc, ong vao Sai Gon roi xuong Long Xuyen tiep xuc vi ban cu la Dng Ba Trac va gap ca ten Nguyen Ba Trac, ban hoc Nhat. Luc bay gi, ten nay a len lut lam iem ch cho quan Phap; sau o, han a bao cho Phap chan ng Lng Ngoc Quyen bien gii Lao - Campuchia nhng khong thanh. Thang 8-1862, trieu nh T c nhu nhc muon hang quan Phap nen ra lenh Chanh Quan C Tran Van Thanh (ngi lang Bnh Thanh ong, quan Chau Phu) mang quan i bat anh hung Vo Duy Dng. Thay v m cuoc hanh quan, ong en ban dinh Thien Ho Dng mot mnh cho xem chieu ch va giup y kien chieu mo them ngha quan i ngay khi ngha. Nam 1863, anh hung Nguyen Hu Huan lui quan t nh Tng ve Chau oc, tiep tuc hoat ong, keu goi moi ngi tham gia khang chien. Thang 6 nam 1867, ai quan thuy bo cua De la Grandiere keo en tnh. Tong oc Chau oc lap ke hoach bat coc bon quan Phap nhng that bai. Thanh Chau oc lot vao tay giac. Anh hung Tran Van Thanh va e oc Van a ngha quan chiem gi vung Lang Linh lam can c "oan binh Gia Ngh", roi tien anh cac on trai cua giac quanh vung Chau oc va Long Xuyen. Nam 1872, ong chiem khu rng "Bay Tha" (thuoc lang Tu Te), anh Phap quyet liet Tri Ton, Tnh Bien, Chac Ca ao. Ngay 20 thang 2 nam 1873, nh Tran Ba Loc hng dan, ai binh Phap tan cong rng "Bay Tha", anh hung Tran Van Thanh va e oc Van t tran. Tren bc ng au tranh cu nc, nhieu nha cach mang a xuong cac tnh mien Nam va en Chau oc e lien lac vi nhng ngi yeu nc. Nam 1904, 18. 18 anh hung Phan Boi Chau ghe quan Chau Phu; nam 1909, ong Cng e t My Tho en quan Tan Chau, roi sang Cao Lanh... Nam 1940, anh hng giao ly Phat giao Hoa Hao lan rong khap ni mien Nam, tr thanh mot phong trao quoc gia dan toc khien quan Phap nao nung. Chung lien bat c thay Huynh Phu So mang ve Sai Gon, sau o em ve quan thuc tai Bac Lieu. bat c au, c thay van tiep tuc truyen rong trong quan chung. au nam 1945, sau khi Nhat ao chnh Phap, c thay thanh lap Viet Nam oc Lap ong Minh Hoi e tranh thu nen oc lap cho Viet Nam. Phong cnh, di tch Khu Du Lch Nui Cam (Huyen Tnh Bien) : Cach th xa Chau oc 30 km, la mot ngon trong day "That Sn" hung v cua An Giang, trong o co nui Cam cao 710 m. ng i len doc nui thoai mai de i, tren sn nui co nhieu canh ep nh suoi Thanh Lang, ong Thuy Liem, hang Vo Bo Hong, vn cay an qua, ac biet kh hau nui Cam rat mat me. en khu du lch nui Cam, du khach se c tham quan thang canh nui non, ho cha nc Otuka Sa, tham co xanh ti. Khu Du Lch Nui Sam : Di tch nui Sam thuoc xa Vnh Te, pha tay th xa Chau oc. T th xa Long Xuyen en th xa Chau oc 56 km theo ng lien tnh 10 i 5 km na th en nui Sam. Nui Sam cao 284 m nam gia canh ong, co ng a trai nha dai 5 km cho xe chay vong quanh len tan nh nui. Nui Sam cung nui Bay la nhng cao iem an ng bien gii Campuchia. Nui thap co nhieu ng mon, nhieu nga len xuong, t cay co thu. Theo truyen thuyet, nui co nhieu linh hien, nen co nhieu chua th Phat a dng len tai ay gan 2 the ky. ong bao khap ni ve ay cung le rat ong. Co en 200 ngoi en, chua, am, va mieu nam rai rac chan nui, sn nui va ca tren nh. Tren nh co mot phao ai cu do Phap xay dng. ac biet di chan nui con co lang Thoai Ngoc Hau tc Nguyen Van Thoai, mot tng trieu Nguyen co nhieu cong c oi vi nhan dan a phng trong viec to chc ao cac con kenh quan trong trong tnh An Giang : kinh Vnh Te dai 90 km noi song Hau en Hng Thanh (Ha Tien) o ra bien Thai Lan; kinh Chnh An noi song Hau qua song Tien. Tat ca nhng cong trnh quan trong ay eu hoan tat trc khi quan Phap xam lc 19. 19 Nam Ky (1858). Nui Sam khong ch la canh ep thien nhien ma con gan lien vi nhieu di tch lch s a khac sau vao tam linh ngi dan ong bang Nam bo. Ni ay con co mieu th ba Chua X, chua Tay An, lang Thoai Ngoc Hau, vn Tao Ngo, oi Bach Van... ay la khu du lch noi tieng ca vung Nam bo. Di Tch Lch S Quan C Tran Van Thanh : en th quan c Tran Van Thanh thuoc xa Thach My Tay, huyen Chau Phu, nam gia ong lua Lang Vinh, ben b kinh Xang Vinh Tre (kinh Tri Ton), cach thanh pho Long Xuyen khoang 50 km. en th do ong Tran Van Nhu, con trai ca ong Tran Van Thanh ng ra xay dng nam 1897, sau 20 nam t ngay ong Tran Van Thanh hy sinh trong mot tran chien au chong quan Phap. en th la ni tng nh ngi lanh ao cuoc khi ngha Lang Linh - Bay Tha vao nam 1867 - 1873 va con la ni tap hp nhan dan va tn hu ao Bu Sn Ky Hng e ch thi c anh Phap. Lang Thoai Ngoc Hau : La cong trnh o so nhat chan nui Sam (Chau oc - An Giang). Khu lang co en th ong Thoai Ngoc Hau, mo ong cung hai phu nhan. Thoai Ngoc Hau ten that la Nguyen Van Thoai (1761 - 1829), mot danh tng noi danh cua trieu Nguyen. Ong sinh ngay 25-11-1761 tai Dien Phc, Tnh Quang Nam, c phong tc Ngoc Hau va mat ngay 06-06-1829. Ong la ngi a ch huy ao kenh Vnh Te, kenh Thoai Ha... e phat trien nong nghiep va m ng t Chau oc i nui Sam, Chau oc i Lo Go va Soc Trang. Ong co cong ln trong viec m mang khai pha nhieu vung at pha Tay Nam to quoc. Toan bo khu lang tam ket thanh mot khoi kien truc hai hoa, bao boc xung quanh la bc tng day eu an cac bac xay bang a ong. Khu chnh gia gom lang mo cua hai ba v. Ben phai khu mo la nhng ngoi mo vo danh cua dan cong khi theo ong khai hoang, lap ap, ao kenh Vnh Te. Ngoai ra, sau phan mo cua Thoai Ngoc Hau co tam bia "Vnh Te Sn" bang a sa thach, khac 730 ch c dng t nam 1828, 4 nam sau khi ao kenh Vnh Te. Lang Thoai Ngoc Hau c hoan thanh vao cuoi nhng nam 20 cua the ky 19. Trai qua bao nam thang, lang van con net uy nghi diem le, la mot cong trnh kien truc nghe thuat mang nhieu y ngha lch s. e ghi cong n Thoai Ngoc Hau, 20. 20 hang nam en ngay 6-6 am lch, nhan dan quanh vung en lam le tng niem ong. Chua Tay An : T th xa Chau oc nhn ve hng tay thay mot ngon nui cao khoang 248 m goi la nui Sam cach th xa 5 km. en chan nui Sam, nhn len chan nui la thay mot ngoi chua mang dang dap cua nhng ngoi chua An o co kien truc hai hoa vi canh ch thien nhien, tao mot ve ep long lay o la chua Tay An. Chua Tay An co t do mot v quan trieu Nguyen i Minh Mang (1820) la tong oc Nguyen Nhat An xay dng theo li nguyen cua ong khi c trieu nh phai i Cao Mien. Theo li nguyen nay, neu ong i thanh cong, khi ve se dng mot ngoi chua th Phat tai chan nui Sam. Cat chua xong, ong thnh v hoa thng au tien la Nguyen Van Giac, phap hieu la Hai Tnh en tru tr. Nam Thieu Tr th 7 (1847), chua lai thnh them mot v hoa thng na ten la oan Minh Huyen, phap hieu la Phap Tang en tru tr. V hoa thng sau nay ngoai viec tu hanh con co tai lam thuoc tr benh cho nhan dan rat hieu qua nen sau khi ong mat, ong bao suy ton hoa thng vi danh hieu la Phat thay Tay An va danh hieu nay van c goi en ngay nay. Chua sa cha nhieu lan theo thi gian tru tr cua cac v hoa thng. Chua kien truc theo kieu An o vi cac vat lieu ben chac nh gach ngoi, xi mang. Chnh dien la ngoi chua, cao 18 m th tng Phat Thch Ca, con hai ben la lau chieng va lau trong. Trc chua co ba vong ca : ca gia tam quan th tng Phat Quan Am, 2 ca hai ben co hai bang e "Tay An co t", ben trong ca tam quan la san chua co mot cot phn cao 16 m. Di bac thang chua co uc bach tng va hac tng, vai co ap hai v than tien ngoi tren mat trang li liem, 2 ben la hai hanh lang phan biet cho tn o nam n. Chua theo phai ai Tha, co ti 11.270 tng ln nho lam bang go. Ngay ram thang gieng, thang 7 va thang 10 am lch la ngay nhan dan en cung le ong nhat. Chua Giong Thanh (Long Hng T) : Thuoc xa Long Sn, huyen Phu Tan. Chua c khi cong xay dng vao nam 1875 do hoa thng Tran Minh Ly ng ra trong coi. S d goi la chua Giong Thanh v chua nay c xay dng tren nen hao thanh trc ay cua nha Nguyen. T nam 1875 en nay, chua a trai qua 4 lan xay dng tu bo lai. Nam 1970 la lan sa cha ln nhat gan ay va hoa thng 21. 21 Chon Nh cho sa lai chua theo kien truc kieu An o. Xung quanh chua cay coi xanh tot lam tang them ve co knh, trang nghiem. Chua Giong Thanh c cat theo ch "Song H" co 3 gian : chanh ien, nha giang, hau to. Gia chanh ien va hau to co 2 nha cau va song hanh. Chua lp ngoi, tren cot chanh ien co ve rong. Tren noc chua co thap 2 tang hnh pheu. Gian chanh ien th Phat Thch Ca, Ngoc Hoang va 2 ong Nam Tao, Bac au. Nha giang th Phat Mau : gian hau to th hoa thng Tran Minh Ly, Chon Nh va hoa thng Nguyen Van ien. Hang nam, vao dp ram thang Gieng, ram thang 7, ram thang 10 am lch co nhieu lt ngi en tham quan va le chua. Hien nay chua van gi c ve ep nh xa do khong b chien tranh tan pha. Thanh ng Hoi Giao Ma Bu Rat (Chua Cham, Chau Giang) : Tnh An Giang co tren 12.000 ong bao thuoc dan toc Cham Thuat Hai, ngi Cham An Giang eu theo ao Hoi. Trong khu vc ho c tru co rat nhieu chua ln nho - thng goi la thanh ng. Thanh ng Ma Bu Rat thuoc xa Phu Hiep, huyen Phu Tan, cach th xa Chau oc khoang 2 km va c xem la mot thanh ng tieu bieu cua ngi Cham An Giang. Thanh ng co loi kien truc oc ao. Hang nam co to chc 3 lan le ln : Le Haji vao ngay 10-12 hoi lch (3-7 dng lch). Le ra chay vao thang 9 hoi lch (27-4 dng lch). Le sinh nhat cua Mahamet (ngi sang lap ao Hoi). Trong nhng dp le ln nay, ca ong bao Viet (Kinh) cung ong bao Cham quanh vung ve ay hanh le rat ong vui. Cc dp l hi Le Hoi Ba Chua X (Le Va Ba) : ay la le hoi dan gian ln nhat cua Nam bo, c to chc hang nam bat au t em 23 en 27 thang 4 am lch. Khach hanh hng en le hoi co the i theo tnh lo so 10 t Long xuyen len Chau oc, re vao 7 km roi ti nui Sam, hoac i bang ng thuy t Can Th, Soc Trang len hay t Sai Gon xuong. Trong ngay le con co mua bong hat boi... T em 23 moi ngi a tap ve chua e xem le tam Ba. Tng Ba c a xuong ci ao ra, lay nc ma pha vi nc hoa e tam. Phong tuc nay a ton tai hang tram nam nay. 22. 22 Le Va Ba hang nam thu hut rat ong khach thap phng en, va e tham d le hoi dan gian, xin cau tai cau loc, ong thi con e du ngoan, chiem ngng canh tr thien nhien tuyet ep cua nui Sam, cua cac di tch nh lang Thoai Ngoc Hau, chua Tay An. Hoi en Nguyen Trung Trc : en Nguyen Trung Trc xa Long Kien, huyen Ch Mi. Ong la thu lnh ngha quan chong Phap Nam bo, vi chien thang vang doi la a anh chm mot tau cua Phap tren song Nhat Tao (the ky 19). Le hoi m ra vao ngay 18, ngay 19 thang 10 am lch hang nam e tng niem va ghi nh cong lao cua ong. Sau le cung va le tng niem la en muc dien lai tran anh con tau tren. Hoi thng to chc chi c tng, bi thuyen va nhieu tro vui khac. Le Hoi Chol ChNam Thmay : La le nam mi, le Tet ln nhat cua ngi Khmer Nam bo (tng t nh Tet Nguyen an cua ngi Viet), c to chc vao ngay 12, 13, 14 thang 4 am lch tai chua va gia nh. Le hoi co y ngha tong tien mua nang han, bc sang thi ky co ma e lam mua. Ba con lam le tien a Teveda (Than coi soc) cu, on Teveda mi. Trong dp nay, ngoai cung le ba con tham hoi con chuc mng lan nhau. Buoi toi co ot phao thang thien, tham d cac tro chi nh tha dieu, anh quay la... Trai gai trong lang mua Roam Vong, hat Du Ke... Le on Ta (Le Cung Ong Ba) : Le on Ta c to chc t ngay 1 en 15 thang 10 am lch tai vung ong bao Khmer Nam Bo sinh song. ay la ngay le ong ba (nh Tet Thanh Minh cua ngi Viet). Trong nhng ngay le nay, nhan dan mang banh tet, hoa qua, cm canh en le chua. Sau o to chc an uong tai gia nh. Le Hoi Hat Gi (Haji hay con goi Roya Hadji) : La le hoi cua cong ong ngi Cham theo ao Hoi, cac tnh An Giang, Tay Ninh, ong Nai, th thng e Allah. Le c to chc t ngay 7 en 10 thang 12 (hoi lch) tai cac thanh ng Hoi giao. Hang nam An Giang le hoi Hat Gi dien ra tai chua Cham Chau Giang xa Phu Hiep, huyen Phu Tan. Vao ngay le, toan the tn o phai lang nghe ong Khojip noi lai s tch ngay thanh Lbrohim. Buoi toi, to chc cuoc thi oc kinh Coran va cham giai nhat cho ai oc hay va thong suot. Sau phan hanh le, ngi Cham thng to chc cac cuoc vui chi, sinh hoat van hoa the thao nh ca hat, ua ghe... Giong nh Tet cua ngi 23. 23 Viet, ay la dp e moi ngi tham vieng, vui chi va chuc mng, cau nguyen ieu lanh cho nhau. Le Hoi ua Bo Cua Dan Toc Khmer : Le hoi ua bo keo ba truyen thong la net sinh hoat van hoa oc ao cua ngi Khmer 2 huyen Tnh Bien va Tri Ton, ni nuoi nhieu bo lam sc keo nhat tnh An Giang. San ua bo thng la mot khu at rong khoang 60 m va dai khoang 170 m, c bao bi b at cao, ong thi la ni danh cho khan gia ngoi hay ng. Pha di la ng ua dai khoang 90 m, rong khoang 4 m, hai au at iem xuat phat va ch en. Vao ngay hoi, tng oi bo c ach vao mot chiec ba at biet, gong ba la ban ap gom 1 tam go rong 30 cm, dai 90 cm, ben di la rang ba. Moi oi bo c eu khien bang 2 nai : nai chnh va nai phu. Nai chnh eu khien ua bo ng tren ban ap, cam cng va gay thuc bo chay nhanh. Trc va sau moi lt ua bo, bo c san soc can than. Le hoi ua bo c to chc vao le on Ta (le cung ong ba), ngay cuoi cung cua thang 10 am lch cua Khmer (nam 1998 tng ng vi ngay chu nhat 20-09-1998 dng lch,trc chua Khmer Cot Romiet thuoc xa Lng Phi, huyen Tri Ton). 24. 24 B Ra Vng Tu Dien tch : 1965 km. Dan so : 839.000 ngi (2001). Tnh l : Thanh pho Vung Tau. Th xa : Th xa Ba Ra. Cac huyen : Chau c, Xuyen Moc, Tan Thanh, Long at, Con ao. Dan toc : Viet (Kinh), Hoa, Khmer. Ba Ra -Vung Tau giap tnh ong Nai pha Bac, giap tnh Bnh Thuan pha ong, giap huyen Can Gi cua Sai Gon pha Tay, con lai pha Nam va ong Nam giap bien. a hnh cua tnh bao gom nui, oi, ong bang nho va cac oi cat, dai cat chay vong theo b bien. at Chau Thanh la vung phu sa cu, t doc. Hai huyen Long at, Xuyen Moc la vung ong bang va oi nui ven bien. Ba Ra -Vung Tau thuoc vung kh hau nhiet i gio mua. Nhiet o trung bnh hang nam 27C, t gio bao, giau anh nang. Ba Ra -Vung Tau co chieu dai b bien phan at lien 100 km, trong o 72 km la bai cat co the s dung lam bai tam). Them luc a tnh tiep giap vi quan ao Trng Sa, ni ay cha ng hai loai tai nguyen cc ky quan trong la dau mo va hai san. Ba Ra - Vung Tau co nhieu ho cha nc loai ln nh Kim Long, a en, a Ban, Chau Pha, Song Soai, Lo O, Suoi Giau... Nhieu song nh song Ray, song Ba ap, song ong..., va co tren 200 con suoi, ac biet suoi nc nong Bnh Chau nong 80C la mot tai nguyen nc khoang qu. Thanh pho Vung Tau co bon ngon nui chnh : Nui Hon Sup cao 250 thc, nui Tng Ky (con goi la nui Ln) cao 249 thc, nui Vung May cao 240 thc va nui Tao Phung (con goi la nui Nho) cao 170 thc. Ngoai hai ngon nui ke tren cau tao bi 521 mau a, phan at con lai cua Vung Tau c cau tao bi mot lp cat that sau, du ao gieng sau ti au cung ch thay toan la cat. Phan nhieu nc gieng eu co chat phen, muon uong phai qua he thong loc. Thanh pho Vung Tau co mot day oi cat nam song song vi bai bien hng ong - Nam (tc bai Thuy Van), chay t chan nui Tao Phung en ca Lap vi chieu dai khoang 10 cay so. oi cat cao nhat la 32 thc nam trong phng 25. 25 Thang Nht, oi thap nhat cao bon thc phng Thang Tam. Nhng hang dng lieu c trong doc theo cac day oi cat theo b bien va lam tang ve ep thien nhien va e can bt cac tran gio bien t hng ong Nam thoi cat lan vao ong bang, giup cho hoa mau trong trot tren at lien b thiet hai. Ngoai ra, con vai oi cat nam rai rac gia khu pho Thang Nht va Phc Thang. Song ln nhat cua thanh pho la song Dinh, dai 11 cay so, nam ve pha Tay Bac. Pha ong Bac co rach Cay Khe dai sau cay so. Rach ba nam chnh gia thanh pho, lam ranh gii cua hai khu pho Thang Nht va Phc Thang, dai gan 8 cay so. Tai khu pho Thang Nh, pha Nam cu lao Ben nh co rach Ben nh. Ve pha ong khu pho Phc Thang, ni ca Lap, co ba con rach dan nc vao thanh pho la rach Suoi Nc, rach Song Cai va rach Ong Nam. Thanh pho co nhieu bng sen kha ln (bng la vung am lay nc ong, at t cat hoac khong co cat), rong 406 mau, chay dai t chan nui Tao Phung thuoc khu pho Thang Tam en trung tam khu pho Thang Nht va ke t o, cac bng sen nay c noi tiep bi rng ban chay en rach Cay Khe. B bien Vung Tau co cac nui Nghnh Phong, mui a va nhieu bai bien noi tieng nh : bai Thuy Van (bai Sau), bai Thuy Dng (bai hang Da, bai Trc), bai Phng Thao (bai Dau), bai Hng Phong (bai Da), bai Vong Nguyet (bai O Quan mui Nghinh Phong) va bai Lang Du. T bai Vong Nguyet nhn ra b bien co hon Bong ao (hon Ba). Vung Tau la ca ngo trc khi vao vung Ganh Rai. Vung Tau la mot trung tam du lch ln. S ket hp hai hoa gia quan the thien nhien bien, nui cung kien truc o th va cac cong trnh van hoa nh tng ai, chua chien, nha th v.v... tao cho Vung Tau co u the cua thanh pho du lch bien tuyet ep, ay quyen ru. Vung Tau khong co mua ong, do vay cac khu ngh mat co the hoat ong quanh nam. Vung Tau co nhieu bai bien ep nh bai sau (Thuy Van), bai trc (Tam Dng), bai dau (Phng Thao), bai da (Hng Phong),... va nhieu di tch, thang canh nh Hai ang tren nui Nho, nui Ln, Bach Dinh, Niet Ban Tnh Xa, Thch Ca Phat ai, nha ln Long Sn... a thu hut nhieu khach. Tnh Ba Ra Vung Tau co 4 khu vc co tiem nang ln trong s nghiep phat trien du lch : 26. 26 - Thanh pho Vung Tau hien nay la mot trong mi trung tam du lch ln cua Viet Nam. - Vung rng quoc gia Con ao. - B bien Long Hai va vung nui Minh am. - Vung rng nguyen sinh Bnh Chau, Phc Bu va suoi nc khoang nong Bnh Chau. ay, du khach co the bach bo, leo nui, tam bien, vui chi giai tr. Sinh hot, kinh t a so ong bao sinh song tai Vung Tau la ngi Kinh, ch co mot so t la ngi Viet goc Cham. Cac ton giao chnh la ao Phat, Thien Chua, Cao ai, th cung To tien, ong ba. at Vung Tau nhieu cat, t phu sa, nen khong thch hp cho viec trong lua. Cac hoa mau khac gom co rau, ca, khoai m,... nhng cung ch cung ng cho toan thanh pho. Xom Ray Thang Tam chuyen san xuat rau cai. at cat Vung Tau rat thch hp cho cac loai cay an trai nh mang cau, nhan, vu sa, xoai, man, oi... Dan chung Thang Nht va Phc Thang trong kha nhieu mang cau. Rieng khom Xom Vn lai trong nhieu xoai, nhan, da. Khoang 10% dan chung song vi nghe khai thac lam san, nhng ch lay c cac loai cay e lam cui, than ot. iem ac biet la Bng Sen san xuat c nhieu nguon li nh bong sen, hot sen, la sen (dung goi thc an), ngo sen (lam da sen), ca ong, ln, ech, cay bon bon, da nc, co nang, co ong... Cay bon bon, la gia dung dng vach, lp nha; bon bon non lam da an ngon nh da ngo sen vay. Co nang, co ong nhieu nuoi trau bo an quanh nam khong het. Nganh anh ca tai Vung Tau bat au phat trien. Mot phan t dan chung song bang nghe nay. Thanh pho co ba ben ca ln la ben bai Cau a, ben Thang Nh (ben a) va ben Rach Da. Trong so nay, Ben Thang Nh sam uat hn ca. Ngoai ra, dan chung con sinh song bang cac nganh du lch, thu cong nghe (cham tro, sn mai, kim hoan, ac san ky niem lam bang vo so oc...), lam nam ruoc. Mam ruoc Vung Tau ngon co tieng, noi danh nhat thi trc co mam Ba Giao Thao, Ba Bo Chau... Lc s 27. 27 Vao the ky th 15, khi vua Le Thanh Tong thu phuc at Bon Man, Lao Qua va Chiem Thanh th cac thng thuyen Bo ao Nha a cap neo Vung Tau, ngi Bo goi ni nay la Cinco Chagas Verdareiras. Ti the ky 17, 18, cac chua Nguyen lay at Nam Ban, Thuy Chan Lap, nhan at dang cua Mac Cu (1714) m rong at ai en Chau oc, Ha Tien. i Gia Long, hai tac Mai Lai va Tau O thng khuay pha nhng thuyen buon ngi Viet lu thong gia b bien Trung phan vi Sai Gon. Trieu nh c ba ao quan en ong mui Vung Tau va at ten cho dinh trai au tien la Phc Thang. Cho en nam 1822, giac cp bien khong con dam heo lanh vung nay na. e thng cong, trieu nh cho ba v oi trng giai ngu va cai quan ba vung at e khai pha, lap nghiep. Ong Pham Van inh coi lang Thang Nht, ong Le Van Loc gi lang Thang Nh va ong Ngo Van Huyen ieu hanh lang Thang Tam. Tuy nhien, dan chung trong ba lang cung lap thanh luy e ngan nga giac cp tr lai. Ba lang nay thuoc tran Bien Hoa. en i Minh Mang oi cac tran thanh tnh va Vung Tau thuoc huyen Phc An, phu Phc Tuy, tnh Bien Hoa. Qua hoa c Nham Tuat 1862, trieu nh T c giao ba tnh Bien Hoa, Gia nh va nh Tng cho quan Phap. Tnh Bien Hoa chia thanh ba tnh la Ba Ra, Bien Hoa va Thu Dau Mot; trong o, Vung Tau thuoc Ba Ra. Ngay 1-5-1895, Phap tach Vung Tau khoi Ba Ra e lap tnh th 21, gom cac xa : Thang Nht, Thang Nh, Thang Tam va Sn Long. Rieng quan Can Gi co cac xa : Can Thanh, Long Thanh, ong Hoa, Thanh An va Tan Thanh (nam tren cu lao Phu Li, canh khu Rng Sac) cung thuoc tnh Vung Tau. Sach ai Nam Nhat Thong Ch co noi ve a danh Vung Tau, dch t ch Thuyen Uc. Thuyen co ngha la ghe tau, Uc la ni nc an thong vao at lien. ay la vung cho ghe thuyen lanh bao. Trc ay, mot so ngi thng goi O Cap la Vung Tau. Ve a ly th khong ung. Thi Phap thuoc, chung oi ten cu Cinco Chagas cua Bo ao Nha thanh Saint Jacques, roi at ten la "mui at Saint Jacques", tieng Phap la "Cap Saint Jacques". Tay hay noi "au Cap" nen co ch "O Cap" la vay. Mui at nay chnh la mui Nghinh Phong (Tay dch la Au Vent). Ngay 9-2-1859, ham oi quan Phap va Tay Ban Nha en trc Vung Tau. Sang hom sau, quan thong che trieu nh la Tran ong ra lenh thuy luc quan chuan b 28. 28 nghinh chien oan tau cua giac tien vao at lien. Khi en ca Vung Tau, giac tan cong bang ai phao nh ma vao cac cong s cua ta. Thong che Tran ong a hang tram chiec thuyen va hang ngan quan s ra chong c rat manh liet. en chieu, v hoa lc cua ch qua manh va v Tran ong t tran, ca Vung Tau b xuyen thung. Ngay 11-2, thuyen giac tien vao ca Can Gi, bat au ke hoach anh chiem tnh Gia nh. Khi giac at chan len at Vung Tau, ong bao lang xa a theo nha cach mang Le Tan Thong khang Phap. Nam 1888, khi ong Khanh mat, con Duc c la Bu Lan b Phap ep len ngoi la vua Thanh Thai, luc ong 18 tuoi. Vua to y kien cng lam Phap rat kho chu va thng b mat lien lac vi cac nha cach mang trong Phong Trao ong Du, khuyen khch viec a thanh nien ra nc ngoai hoc hoi e dung vao viec ai s ve sau. Nam 1907, giac Phap do biet c viec nay ben ep vua thoai v va a vao Vung Tau giam gi Bach Dinh (dinh Ong Thng) en 1915 th kn ao a vua i an tr tai ao Reunion, Phi Chau. en thang 5-1947, Phap tha ong ve nc va lai giam ong tai Vung Tau, mai thang 3 nam 1953 mi c ve tham Hue va tr vao Sai Gon, en thang 3 nam 1954 th mat. Phong cnh, di tch Bai Sau (bai Thuy Van) : Bai Sau nam pha ong Nam thanh pho Vung Tau, chay dai tren 8 km t chan nui nho en ca lap. ay la bai tam ep, rong va noi tieng cua Viet Nam. Khach du lch trong va ngoai nc thng en tam. Bai Sau thng ong vui nao nhiet nhat trong so cac bai bien Vung Tau. Bai Trc (bai Tam Dng) : Nam ngay trung tam thanh pho Vung Tau, doc theo ng Quang Trung. ay la bai tam kha sach, ep va mi c m rong. Nhieu khach san ln sang trong nh: Palace, Rex, Song Hong, Song Hng, Royal, nha hang giai khat ong a... tap trung khu vc bai Trc. T bai Trc theo ng Ha Long mi m, qua bai Da hoac theo ng Hoang Hoa Tham ban co the ti bai Sau (bai Thuy Van). Bai Nghinh Phong (bai O Quan) : Co ngha la "on gio" hng cc nam cua thanh pho Vung Tau, gan bai Da. Bai tam hep, nc luc nao cung sach, song gio don dap, ba pha vach a cheo leo, ke tiep vi mui Nghinh Phong hung v nho ra 29. 29 bien ong. ay la ni hen ho cua nhng du khach co thu vui cau ca va a mao hiem. Bai Da : Nam khoang gia cua bai Trc va bai Sau ben chan nui nho, gan mui Nghinh Phong. Trc kia co nhieu cay da gai moc xen ben b a nen c goi la bai Da, tam bien bai Da song em, an toan va t ay du khach de dang i tham khu du lch tng Chua Kito va phao ai tren nui Nho. Bai Dau : Nam ven nui Ln va cach bai Trc ba cay so. Bai hep, nong nhng thi trc c gi sach se. Hai au bai co nhieu mom a ln nho nho ra, sau lng la vong chao co cay coi um tum bao boc bi trien nui ln cao vut. T bai Phng Thao nhn len nui Ln se thay tng c Me, cao nam thc hai mi, ng tren buc thach cao mot thc mot, gia canh nui rng hung v. Hon Ba : pha Tay - Nam Con ao, co mot doi at quay ve hng Bac, tren co mot tang a giong hnh ngi an ba oi khan. Tng truyen, vao nam 1873, Nguyen Anh b quan Tay Sn anh uoi khoi Gia nh, Anh phai em v con va oan tuy tung ra Con Sn tru ngu; sau khi tr lai at lien a e ba Phi Yen Nguyen Th Thanh, mot phi tan tnh tnh cng trc. Dan ta nh en ba v ba la ngi a thang than can ngan Nguyen Anh khong nen cau vien quan Phap va lam tay sai cho giac nen b bo lai ao. Trc nam 1945, dan chung lap mieu th ba Phi Yen hon Ba, con mo c an tang hon Cau. Nui Na : Quan the nui Na va khu di tch nha Ln ( en Ong Tran) la mot thang canh oc ao cua xa Long Sn (Vung Tau). ve pha ong cua ao tren day nui dai tren 6 km, be ngang cho rong nhat 2 km, co nhng tang a ln vi muon hnh muon ve, lo ra chi vi gia tri may va nhieu cot a choc thang len tri. Cao nhat la nh Ba Trao 138 m, nh Ho Rong 120 m, va pha Nam co nh Ho Vong cao hn 100 m. Tren nh Ba Trao co cot a cao 5 m goi la Hon Mot. Vao dp le hoi du khach ti tham quan Hon Mot le thnh cau Thien a va co the phong tam mat bao quat ca mot vung tri at, bien khi. Di chan pha Tay Nui Na la ho cha nc ngot Mang Ca, ni trong nhieu hoa sen toa hng thm ngat va pha ong la en ong Tran. 30. 30 Cong trnh kien truc Nha Ln (en Ong Tran) : La mot quan the kien truc co uy nghi be the, toa lac tai thon 5, xa Long Sn, gia khu dan c theo tn ngng Ong Tran, ngi sang lap ra tn ngng va tao dng khu dan c mi ap Ba Trao tai ao nay t nam 1898. Nha ln rong hn 2 ha gom 3 phan : khu en th, nha Long Sn Hoi, trng hoc, day pho, ch, nha hat, nha bao ton ghe sam; lang mo Ong Tran. Khu en c xay dng t nam 1910 en 1935, lam ni th cung chung (to nh ao giao) co tam quan, vn hoa, tru phn, hai nha khach. Lau cam tien ien hai tang 8 mai, nha thanh co ban th Khong T va ban th Ong Tran, lau Tri, lau Tien, lau Phat (chnh ien). Nha hau th ngi ruot tht trong gia toc. Lau Dai la ni le nghi hoi he. Ngoai ra con co nha kho, nha be, nha may en, ho cha nc ma. Ni ay con lu gi nhieu bo su tap co vat qu bau : bo tu th can xa c cham khac tinh xao 33 cai, bo ban ghe bat tien tng truyen cua vua Thanh Thai, long sang, ghe ngai, bao lam, hoanh phi, cau lien sn son thiep vang long lay, the hien nghe thuat ieu khac trang tr cua cac nghe nhan t nhieu ni tren at nc tai en Ong Tran. Tn ngng en Ong Tran pha tap nhieu ao giao khac nhau : ao Phat, ao Tin Lanh, ao Nho, ao th ong ba to tien. Phat, Thanh Than eu c th cung trong nha ln va tai cac nha dan. Tn ngng nay khong co kinh, chuong mo, an chay, kieng k, ch co li day cua c Ong Tran c truyen khau trong dan gian. Sau khi mat, ong c con chau a vao th cung trong Nha Ln. T o hang nam con chau va tn o to chc hai le hoi ln : cung Trung Cu (9-9 am lch) va ngay va Ong (20-2 am lch). Thang canh Dinh Co : Dinh Co thuoc th tran Long Hai, huyen Long at, nam ben sn ngon oi nho, trc mat la bai cat dai va bien khi menh mong song nc. Dinh Co la mot kien truc hoanh trang in am mau sac van hoa dan gian. Dinh Co c xay dng vao cuoi the ky 18, th Le Th Hong. Tng truyen, cach ay 2 the ky, mot co gai thon que la Le Th Hong, que Phan Rang, giau long nhan ai, t bi muon tm ni thanh vang song an dat. Chang may trong mot lan i bien co b lam nan tai Hon Hang khi va tron 16 tuoi. Ng dan a phng a an tang co tren oi Co Sn va lap mieu th ngoai bai bien. T o co luon mong bao 31. 31 iem lanh, diet tr dch benh nen c dan trong vung lap en th va at danh hieu la Long Hai N Than. Ban au Dinh Co ch la mot ngoi mieu nho, nam 1930 ng dan Long Hai a di mieu th len nui Ky Van - ni ma ngay nay Dinh Co ang toa lac, nam 1987 Dinh Co c sa cha ln. Hien nay Dinh Co nh mot toa lau ai trang le, trang nghiem va be the. Ngoai ra con co cac mieu th Thanh Mau, Quan Thanh, Ban Thien, Ban Mau, Quan The Am Bo Tat va ngoi mo Co cach 1 km. Hang nam, le hoi Dinh Co vao cac ngay 10, 11, 12 thang 2 am lch, ay lai tng bng nao nhiet on hang van du khach en hanh hng va thng ngoan phong canh. Bai tam Long Hai : cach thanh pho Vung Tau 30 km ve hng ong Bac. Canh thien nhien ay that th mong. Tren oi nui doc ven bien la rng cay xanh tot, pha di la bai bien Long Hai ep vi bai cat vang, chay dai, yen tnh danh cho du khach yeu bien nhng khong thch on ao. Trc mat la ai dng song vo, nhon nhp tau ghe qua lai. Pha Tay la thanh pho Vung Tau bon mua ong khach. Pha Tay Bac la day nui cao co rng cay bao phu la khu di tch lch s can c Minh am noi tieng mot thi. Suoi Tien : cach th xa Ba Ra 7 km ve pha Tay Bac, thuoc huyen Tan Thanh. Suoi a, Suoi Tien eu bat nguon t nh nui Dinh cao 491 m do nhng dong suoi nho men theo cac doc nui, sn oi hp thanh, chay uon ln ven rng. T tren cao suoi o xuong hai ben sn nui a, chay quanh co qua cac canh ong lua Hoi Bai roi chay ve vnh Ghenh Rai Hoa. Hai ben b cua dong suoi la muon van nhng mom a mang hnh thu oc ao. ay la mot thegii cua a, co nhng hon a cao t 3 m en 5 m, co nhng thach ban phang l nam nghieng kha rong, ban co the dng chan ngoi ngh. T suoi a en suoi Tien phai vt qua 600 m ng rng quanh co, du khach nh en ni yen tnh, lang mang, ni xa cac tien ru nhau xuong tam trong dong suoi mat, gia mot vung nc non ky v, sn thuy hu tnh. Suoi a, suoi Tien cha ve ep t nhien, hoang s ma ky thu lam say am nhieu du khach moi khi at chan en. Suoi nc nong Bnh Chau : T huyen Xuyen Moc, theo lo 23 i khoang hn 29 km se ti khu du lch suoi nc nong Bnh Chau. Gia ngut ngan mot vung rong 32. 32 hn 7000 ha rng nguyen sinh, rng cam quoc gia, noi len mot bau nc nong vi hn 70 iem phun nc lo thien. Vung co nc nong hoat ong rong khoang hn 1 km, gom co nhieu ho ln, nho tao thanh cac dong chay vi lu lng nho. Vung ho rong nhat la khoang 100 m vi o sau hn 1 m. ay la iem nong nhat, nc luc nao cung sui tam, boc hi tao thanh mot noi xong hi thien nhien khong lo. Nhiet o tang mat nc khoang tren 64C, ay nc la 84C. Nhng cho nong, nc ch nong khoang tren 40C, co the ngam chan, tay e cha benh. ieu hap dan, thu v la tai khu vc nc nong nay rng cham lai van xanh ti, mot loai co re chum, la cng van song cung nam thang tao them ve ep ky thu cua thien nhien. ay la iem du lch rat hap dan oi vi du khach yeu thien nhien va muon i du lch ket hp vi ngh ngi va cha benh. Thac Song Rai : Thuoc xa Tha Tch, quan Xuyen Moc. Thac Song Rai gia vung rng nui am u, gom ba thac ln va nhieu thac nho. Thac ln nhat rong va cao hn 10 thc. Tieng nc chay vang rat xa. Bai Nc Ngot : Cach Long Hai bon cay so. ng t Long Hai en bai Nc Ngot i ngang qua nhieu khu vn ep, thay nui, song bien rat rao. Bai Nc Ngot khong ln nhng xinh xan, nen th. Hon Hai Ngu : T cong chnh cua Bach Dinh nhn ra bien co hon a rat ln nh con trau am mnh di nc, nen c goi la Hai Ngu hay hon Trau. Canh vat chung quanh thanh nha, tieng song nc rat rao. Nhieu ngi thng cau ca ay, hay theo cac ket a bat cua... Con ao : Huyen ao Con ao (con goi la Con ao, Con Lon) la mot quan ao ngoai bien ong Hai, gom 14 hon ao ln nho, cach thanh pho Sai Gon 280 cay so va cach Vung Tau 180 cay so ve hng Nam. Dien tch Con ao khoang 67 cay so vuong. Trong quan ao nay co ao Con Non ln nhat, dai 15 cay so, cho rong nhat chn cay so, ni hep nhat co ba cay so. Hon ao ln th nh la Bay Canh (c goi nh vay v ao co bay mui nhon nho ra) va cach th tran Con Sn bay cay so. Pha ong co cac hon Cau, hon Tai Ln, hon Tai Nho, hon Tho, hon Bong Lang; pha Tay co cac hon Ba, hon Tre Ln, hon Tre Nho, hon Vung, hon Trai. Xa hn ve pha Tay la hon Trng Ln, hon Trng Nho. Hnh the ao Con 33. 33 Non phan ln la nui cao t 200 thc en 600 thc. Nui inh cao nhat 690 thc. Kh hau ni ay co hai mua. Mua kho t thang Mi Mot en thang Ba, co gio mua ong Bac. Mua ma t thang Nam en thang Chn, co gio mua Tay Nam. Gia hai thi ky gio mua la thi ky chuyen tiep thng co gio nhe va song nho. Phng tien van chuyen duy nhat i en cac tnh trong at lien la ng thuy. Hau het dan chung c ngu tai Con Sn la ngi Kinh, lam nghe nong, trong hoa mau va cay an trai. Da, mt va tieu c trong nhieu tren ao. Rng cung mang lai mot so go tot nh gu, mun, sn, trac, dau, va cac ac san cua nhng vung co rng tram, c. Hai hon ao Tre Ln va Tre Nho moc toan cay tre. Vung nui co nhng to yen sao. V chung quanh ao la bien nen nguon li ve hai san kha nhieu nh tom, ca bien, hai sam, trai, oc, san ho, sa c, oi moi. ac biet hon Trai co rat nhieu con trai, oc, nhat la sa c. Hai nganh my nghe thnh hanh tren ao la nghe moc lam ban ghe, cham khac go va nghe che bien cac hai san lam o ky niem nh lc, vong, day chuyen (lam bang oi moi, vo oc...). Cuoi thang 12-1861, khi quan Phap em quan chiem ba tnh mien ong Nam Ky la Gia nh, Bien Hoa va nh Tng, th Pho e oc Bonard sai ai uy Lespes em thuy binh chiem Con Sn vao ngay 9-12. oi au trc cac cuoc noi day ngay cang nhieu cua ngi Viet Nam, nam 1862, Bonard ra lenh xay nha tu Con Sn e giam cam nhng ngi yeu nc. Rat nhieu anh hung, anh th a b giac Phap ay oa ni ay nh Tran Cao Van, Phan Chu Trinh, Nguyen Thuy, Ly Lieu, Pham Tuan Tai, Vo Hoanh... Nhng di tch lch s va thang canh Con Sn gom co : Vnh Ca Sau, cau Ma Thien Lanh, bai So au..... La quan ao gia bien, phong canh song nc Con Sn nen th vo cung; b bien chung quanh ao ay san ho tuyet ep. An Sn Mieu : La mot ngoi mieu co tren ao Con Sn. Mieu c xay t nam 1785, (sau o c xay dng lai vao nam 1958) e th ba Phi Yen, v cua chua Nguyen Anh (sau nay tr thanh vua Gia Long). Ngoi mieu nay rat linh thieng oi vi nhng ngi dan tren ao va gan lien vi mot cau chuyen bi thng cua mot phu n tai sac, giau long yeu nc. Nam 1783, sau khi thua quan Tay Sn, Nguyen Anh mang theo v, con va khoang 100 gia nh thuoc ha chay ra ao Con 34. 34 Sn. Cung vi nhng ngi dan chai ang sinh song Con Sn, Nguyen Anh a lap nen 3 lang la An Hai, An Hoi va Co Ong. e anh lai quan Tay Sn, Nguyen Anh d nh gi con ca la hoang t Canh i theo co ao Phap (Ba a Loc) sang Phap cau vien. Ba Phi Yen (Le Th Ram) la v th cua Nguyen Anh a can ngan chong, ng lam viec "cong ran can ga nha" e ngi i che trach. Nguyen Anh khong nhng khong nghe li khuyen cua ba ma con tc gian, nghi ba thong ong vi quan Tay Sn, nen nh giet ba. Nh quan than can xin, Nguyen Anh a tong giam ba vao mot hang a tren ao Con Lon nho. Khi quan Tay Sn anh ra ao, Nguyen Anh bo chay ra bien. Hoang t Cai (con goi la hoang t Hoi An), con ba Phi Yen luc o mi 4 tuoi co oi me i cung. Trong cn tc gian Nguyen Anh a nem con xuong bien. Xac Hoang t Cai a troi vao bai bien Co Ong. Dan lang a chon cat Hoang t. Ba Phi Yen, theo truyen thuyet c mot con vn va mot con ho cu ra khoi hang va ve song vi dan lang Co Ong e trong nom mo Hoang t Cai. Mot lan, b ke xau xuc pham ba a t t e thu tiet vi chong. Nhan dan tren ao vo cung thng tiec, a lap nen ngoi mieu e th ba. Nam 1861, Phap sau khi chiem ao a quyet nh di toan bo dan vao at lien e xay nha tu. Ngoi mieu b o nat. Nam 1958, nhan dan tren ao xay dng lai ngoi mieu tren nen cu. Bai Ho Tram : Con goi la bai be Thuan Bien, thuoc xa Phc Bu, quan Xuyen Moc va noi lien vi hai bai bien Nc Ngot va Long Hai. Bai bien Ho Tram dai 20 cay so, pha sau la rng phi lao rong hn nam mau tay. Canh thien nhien thanh tu. Thch Ca Phat ai : Cao sau thc hai mi, mat hng ve pha ong, ngoi xep bang tren mot toa sen cao bon thc, ng knh sau thc. Ben trong tng at ba vien ngoc Xa Li. Cach tng o 50 thc la Bao Thap cao 19 thc hnh bat giac cung sn mau trang tuyet, ben trong an v 13 vien ngoc Xa Li. Tat ca cac vien ngoc Xa Li nay eu do cac nc Tch Lan, Mien ien va Thai Lan hien tang. Bon goc Bao Thap co bon nh at bon chum at thnh tai Lumoini, Uruvila, Isipatana va Kusinara (ay la nhng ni c Phat an sanh, thanh ao, chuyen phap luan va nhap Niet Ban).Vn Loc Gia hnh bat giac, cao 15 thc, rong 10 35. 35 thc, chanh ien hng ra ong Hai. Tren noc co uc hnh cay uoc tieu bien cho uoc Tue. Ke o la Thap Nh Nhan Duyen xay 12 nac c can gach hoa rat ep. Ben di xay hnh bon mat tc T Dieu e, nhac nh bon chan ly cua c Phat la "Kho e, Tap e, Diet e va ao e". Ben trong ngoi nha co xay mot ban th c Phat Thch Ca va nam v Kieu Tran Nh la cac e t au tien cua Ngai. Tam canh cua ngoi nha eu co ghi li Phat day chung sanh ap dung con ng tam neo tc Bat Chanh ao (la chnh kien, chnh t duy, chnh ng, chnh nghiep, chnh mang, chnh tnh tan, chnh niem va chnh nh). Vn Loc Gia la ni c Phat khai giang ao phap. Gan khu Thch Ca Phat ai co chua Thien Lam T. Chua Quan The Am Bo Tat : Nam tren ng vong nui ln, cach bai Dau 500 m, c xay dng nam 1976. ay ch la mot ngoi chua nho nhng noi bat gia khu vc chua la mot pho tng Phat Ba Quan Am trang toat. Pho tng cao 16 m lam bang xi mang cot thep sat theo hnh tng mot phu n hien hoa, c o, mat hng ra bien, tay cam bnh Cam Lo, ng tren toa sen. ay la mot pho tng ep va cung la iem tham quan cua khach du lch Vung Tau. Chua Co Long Ban : Con goi la chua Lang, thon Long Phng, th tran Long ien, huyen Long at. Chua c xay dng vao nam 1845 theo kieu ch tam, trong mot khuon vien rong tren 3000 m vi nhieu cay cao ram mat, do Hoa thng Hai Chanh, Bao Thanh chu tr au tien. Chua Long Ban co mot kien truc co, trang tr my thuat oc ao, at biet cac bao lam cham hnh chim phung, hoa la va cac kham th cham rong phng, cac hoanh phi, cau oi cham khac tinh xao. Trong chua co nhieu tng Phat, Ngoc Hoang, Quan Thanh, 18 v La Han, Long Than, Ho Phap bang ong hoac go mt, mot chuong ln cao 1,20 m, ng knh 0,80 m uc bang ong. Mo va en Chau Van Tiep : Tai xa Hac Lang co mo va en th ong Chau Van Tiep, mot v danh tng thi Nguyen Anh anh nhau vi nha Tay Sn. en Ba Trao : Tai xa Sn Long, do Ong Tran xay khoang nam 1909 tren mot hon ao gan Rng Sat. Trong en co th c Khong T va sau nay th ca ngi xay en la Ong Tran (ten that la Le Van Mu, ngi goc Ha Tien, en Ba Ra khai 36. 36 khan at ai va chieu dan lap ap). Khu vc en gom chanh dien va cac day nha danh cho khach thap phng kha rong, chung quanh co cau, vn hoa, ho sen. Thien Thai T : Chua xay di chan nui Co Sn, nguy nga va kien co. Cach kien tao cua chua khong cau ky va co knh nhng xay toan bang a hoa cng. Be hnh vuong cao tren hai thc, bon goc la bon cot va gia be co cay cot chnh th nam cao en tan noc chua. Bon pha cua cay cot chnh nay co at kham th Phat Thch Ca, Phat Quan The Am, Phat Di a va Phat Chuan e. V co cay cot chnh nay ma ngi a phng quen goi la "chua Mot Cot". Cu Lien ai : Cach Thien Thai T khoang 300 thc, xay vao nam 1933, mo phong theo loi kien truc en ai An o. Nen chua va tng lam bang a hoa cng. Cau truc cua chua gom bon nha chuong bon goc ngoai ket hp vi mot nhom nam can nha nho hn gia nh hnh hoa chanh. Tong cong la chn can nha nen c goi la "Cu Lien ai". Chanh ien th tng Phat Thch Ca kha ln. Chung quanh chua co ao sen hnh ban nguyet va vn hoa, canh tr that ep. Long Hoa T : Cach tnh l Phc Le nam cay so ri. Ngoi co t nay c lap nen tren 100 nam va c trung tu nhieu lan. Chua gom ba chanh ien ln th Phat. Pha sau chua, tren mot tang a ln co ngon thap co bon tang. Chua An Hai : trong th tran Con Sn. Chua th Phat va ba Phi Yen. ien Ba : Xay tren nhng tang a rat ln ng cheo leo trien nui ln pha ben inh. ien Ba xuat hien vao cuoi the ky 19. Khi thuy la mot mieu nho th than Ho, v ngay trc co mot con cop ln ve nam trong ket a ni ay va dan chung lap mieu th. Nam 1945, dan sung ao xay cat thanh ngoi ien th Phat, Ba Ngu Hanh va Quan Thanh. Nam 1958, lai cat them ngon thap ba tng kha ep. Phc Lam T : Chua Phc Lam Thang Nh, cung c xay vao cuoi the ky 19. Chua cu c xay lai nam 1957, theo kien truc An o, nen lot a hoa. Chua co ba thap chuong gia tren noc va co pho tng tam tay bang a ao c tren nui Ln. Mieu Nam Ba : bai Dau, cach mat lo khoang 500 thc hng tren mien nui Ln. ay la mot toa co mieu tren 100 nam, do cac ng phu dng len th Than Ngu Hanh (tc nam v than kim, moc, thuy, hoa, tho). Nam 1968, mieu c trung tu lai va th them mot pho tng Phat Quan The Am cao tren mot thc. Canh 37. 37 mieu co gieng Ng. Tuc truyen rang khi Gia Long b quan Tay Sn anh thua ca Can Gi, chay an nup ni ay va ao c ba gieng nc ngot thoat nan. Lang Ca Ong : Thuoc khu pho Thang Tam, canh bai Thuy Van (bai Sau). Tuc truyen rang hn 100 nam trc, mot au ca Ong (ca voi) that to troi dat vao bai Trc. Dan chai li rat quy trong ca Ong ma ho tin la khong hai ngi, con hay cu giup cac ng phu hoan nan ngoai khi. Khi thay au ca dat vao b to en noi khong the em len can, ng dan phai roc het tht, thao tng khuc xng khieng len cat mieu gan o e th. Roi 40 nam sau, mot con ca Ong khac a chet, dai 12 thc, be ngang mot thc ri, troi vao bai Thuy Van. Dan chung keo xac ca Ong len chon cat t te tai khu at hien nay. Lang Ca Ong 100 nam trc ay rat s sai, nam 1911 c di ve Thang Tam va sau nay, lang c trung tu nhieu lan. Ben trong lang co ba ban th bang xi mang, cham tro cac hnh long, lan, qui, phung, ca hoa long... rat cong phu. Pha sau ban th co ba tu knh ln, tu chnh gia ng xng au ca Ong vt c hn 100 nam trc, tu th hai ng xng ca Ong 40 nam sau o va tu con lai ng xng cac ca Ong c nho. Tng Chua Jesus : Tng dng nam 1971 tren nh nui nho, tng cao 28 m, ng giang hai tay, mat hng ra bien, dng tren be cao 10 m. Trong long tng co mot cau thang xoay tron oc i t be len co tng gom 129 bac. Hai ben vai tng c thiet ke nh hai cai ban cong, moi ben co u cho cho chng 6 ngi ng ngam canh Vung Tau. Bao nc cua Chiem Thanh : hai khu Thang Tam va Thang Nh co nhieu bao nc ong quanh nam, reu phong co moc. Tuc truyen rang ngi Chiem Thanh trc ay ao e cho voi va nga uong nc. Nhng khau ai bac : Khau ai bac th nhat bu ien thanh pho, ay la di tch con lai khi ba oi quan cua trieu nh en Vung Tau ao hao, ap luy, at sung chong lai bon cp bien nam 1822. Ngoai ra con bon khau ai bac cua quan Phap thiet tr khi chung chiem Vung Tau. Bon khau ai bac khong lo, moi khau dai tren mi thc, nang may ngan tan, nam tren nui Nho, di chan ngon hai ang (cao khoang 170 thc, xay nam 1870). 38. 38 Bach Dinh (Villa Blanche) : Khi dng nam 1898, hoan thanh nam 1916 tren sn nui ln, dung lam ni ngh ngi cho vien toan quyen Phap Paul Doumer. Bach Dinh co dang dap cua kien truc Phap cuoi the ky 19. Mat ngoai toa nha c trang tr hoa van co xa va nhng hnh ve chan dung cac Thanh thi co Hy Lap. Ngay nay Bach Dinh tr thanh iem tham quan cua du khach trong va ngoai nc nh Than Thang Tam : c xay dng t i vua Minh Mang (1820 - 1840) th chung ba ngi co cong khai pha dng nen lang Thang Tam Vung Tau la Pham Van Dinh, Le Van Loc va Ngo Van Huyen. Luc au nh ch la nha tranh vach la, nam 1965 c trung tu mi nh hien nay. nh Than Thang Tam kien truc theo loi noi tiep : sau cong tam quan la mot day nha gom bon ngoi noi lien nhau bang mot loi i ben hong : nha Tien hien, hoi trng, nh trung, san khau vo ca. Ngoi Tien hien c lp ngoi am dng, tren mai co hnh "lng long chau nguyet" ap noi, au cac on tay, xa c, cot eu cham khac hnh rong, ben trong th Tho Cong, Tien hien va Hau hien, Tien vang va Hau vang. Ngoi nh Trung bai tr cac ban th Than Nong, Thien Y A Na, Ngu c, Thanh Phi, Tien hien, Hau hien... San khau vo ca la ni dien tuong, hat boi khi nh than co le hoi. Niet Ban Tnh Xa : Con co ten la chua Phat Nam, c xay dng nam 1969 khanh thanh nam 1974, tren sn nui nho, mat hng ra bien, cach trung tam thanh pho khoang 2 km. Trong chua co tng Phat Thch Ca nam nghieng dai 12 m at tren be cao 2,5 m. Tng c uc bang xi mang cot thep, ben ngoai la lp a cam thach lay t vung nui Ngu Hanh Sn. Hai ang Vung Tau : Co t nam 1907, nam 1911 c xay dng thanh thap tron co ng knh 3 m, cao 18 m, c at tren nh cao nhat cua nui nho (o cao 170 m). Hai ang Vung Tau roi xa en 35 hai ly, co knh vien vong e theo doi va hng dan tau tren bien. Di chan thap en co bon co ai bac dai tren 10 m, nang hang tan. T tren thap Hai ang, du khach co the quan sat toan bo thanh pho Vung Tau va xa hn na nh Can Gi, Ba Ra... Hai ang la iem tham quan cua nhieu du khach trong va ngoai nc. Cc dp l hi Le Hoi Dinh Co : Dinh Co la mot khu en co kien truc hoanh trang, vi nhng net 39. 39 kien truc truyen thong, nam ben b bien Long Hai cua Ba Ra - Vung Tau. Dinh Co th mot co gai giau long nhan ai, song an dat, trong mot lan ra bien a b nan. Hang nam le hoi Dinh Co c ng dan Long Hai to chc rat long trong theo nghi thc co truyen trong 3 ngay, t ngay 10 en 12 thang 2 am lch. Cac bo lao cao nien, le phuc trang nghiem lam chu le, cau cho ma thuan, gio hoa, quoc thai an dan va sau o lam le Nghinh Co ngoai bien vi thuyen hoa long lay. Le hoi Dinh Co mang am mau sac dan gian. Moi lan m hoi a thu hut hang van du khach en tham d le hoi va thng ngoan canh ep ni ay. Le Nghinh Ong (le th Ca Voi) : To chc cac lang chai trong tnh khi vao mua anh ca. Nghi le thc hien moi ni mot khac nhng bao gi cung co tiet muc rc Ong tren bien va sau o la to chc hat boi. Vung Tau, hang nam le Nghinh Ong c to chc trong the nhat la tai lang Ca Ong ng Hoang Hoa Tham, thanh pho Vung Tau. ay la ni th Ca Ong, vi danh hieu "Nam Hai ai Tng Quan"do vua Thieu Tr ban tang. Le hoi c to chc trung vi ngay va (ngay mat) cua Ca. Le hoi keo dai trong 3 ngay, t ngay 16 en 18 thang 8 am lch hang nam bao gom : le cung Ong, le Nghinh Ong bang nhieu ghe thuyen trang tr long lay, thap en sang trng. Le Ca Ong, cung Tien hien, te le Than linh, cung te c to chc trong nh lang... Le hoi nh Than Thang Tam : Theo truyen thuyet nh Than Thang Tam th chung ca 3 ngi a co cong xay dng nen ba lang Thang Vung Tau. Hang nam le hoi nh Than Thang Tam c to chc trong 4 ngay, t ngay 17 en 20 thang 2 am lch. ay la le hoi cau an, la thi iem ket thuc va m au cho mot mua thu hoach tom ca. Phan le dien ra rat cau ky : cung te, le vat te than, dang hng... phan hoi co nhieu tro vui chi giai tr nh mua lan, hat boi... Le hoi nh Than Thang Tam la mot hoat ong van hoa ac sac cua ng dan mien vung bien Vung Tau. 40. 40 Bc Liu Dien tch : 2485 km. Dan so : 756.800 ngi (2001). Tnh L : Th xa Bac Lieu. Cac huyen : Hong Dan, Vnh Li, Gia Rai. Dan toc : Viet (Kinh), Hoa, Khmer, Cham. Bac Lieu la mot tnh ong bang song Cu Long nam manh at tan cung cua to quoc. Pha bac giap Soc Trang va Can Th, pha ong giap bien ong, pha tay giap Ca Mau va Kien Giang. La vung at tre c khai m vao cuoi the ky 17 va c phu sa boi ap, Bac Lieu co nhieu canh ong lua bao la. Do hanh trnh cua dong hai lu bac nam, phu sa don lai tao thanh nhng giong at cat, ni ay cay an trai sum se. Bac Lieu noi tieng vi nhng vn nhan dai hang may chuc km, ma hng v cua no t ni nao sanh c. Bac Lieu khong co nui ma ch co mot so vong at cao ben ong bang thap vi nhieu kinh rach chay khap tnh. Cac kinh rach quan trong la kinh Ca Mau - Gia Rai, song Co Co, song Ganh Hao, kinh Quan Lo - Phung Hiep, kinh Quan Lo - Bac Lieu, kinh Quan Lo - Gia Rai, kinh Trem - Ho Phong, kinh Ganh Hao - Gia Rai, kinh Canh Den - Quan Lo, rach Tra Nien... Con kinh ao Ca Mau - Gia Rai quan trong hn ca, t Ca Mau chay suot en tan song Vnh Li noi vao song Co Co, roi chia lam hai nhanh, mot nhanh re len Soc Trang, nhanh con lai chay ra ca My Thanh. ay la con kinh huyet mach chuyen ch lua gao va hai san t Bac Lieu len Sai Gon. Th xa Bac Lieu c xay dng ben rach Bac Lieu, cach bien 10 km, la trung tam lua gao va au moi giao lu trong va ngoai tnh. T Bac Lieu i Sai Gon 280 km, i Soc Trang 50 km, i Ca Mau 69 km. at ai Bac Lieu mau m, dan c ong uc, phan ln song bang nghe trong lua, hoa mau, cay an trai, anh bat hai san va nghe lam muoi. Kh hau Bac Lieu co hai mua : Mua kho t thang Mi Mot en thang Chn, nhng cac thang T va Nam thng co ma; mua ma chnh thc t thang Nam en thang Mi. 41. 41 Thi nha Nguyen, the ky 18, Bac Lieu thuoc phu Bai Xau, tnh An Giang. Bac Lieu c thanh lap muon hn cac tnh Nam ky khac. Tieu khu Bac Lieu c hnh thanh t cuoi nam 1882 do thong oc Le Mery de Villers ky ngh nh lay mot phan at cua hai tieu khu Soc Trang va Rach Gia. Ngay 20-12-1989, toan quyen Paul Doumer oi tieu khu thanh tnh Bac Lieu. Bac Lieu a co mot v tr kha quan trong trong chien lc khai thac va xay dng cua ngi Phap. Bac Lieu von la x cua mot so ai ien chu Nam ky luc tnh, ma en nay van con kha nhieu dinh th, biet th theo loi kien truc phng Tay a tao cho Bac Lieu mot net ac thu rieng rat thu v. Sinh hot kinh t Ngi Kinh song song trong tnh ong nhat, roi en ngi Viet goc Khmer va goc Hoa. Dan ta theo cac ao Phat, Hoa Hao, Cao ai, Thien Chua, th phung To tien va Than thanh. Trc ay, ngi Trung Hoa t mien Hoa Nam en ay lap nghiep rat ong, phan ln la ngi Trieu Chau va Phuc Kien. V the, Bac Lieu va Ba Xuyen la ni hon hp ba trao lu van hoa Viet - Hoa - Mien rat sinh ong va oc ao. Trong cau noi, nhieu luc co ca ba ngon ng. at Bac Lieu trong lua rat tot, nhat la hai vung ruong rong ln Vnh Li va Gia Rai. Cac hoa mau phu ang ke la cac cay an trai nh da, da va nhan. Da Thi Bnh kha noi tieng. Nhieu vn nhan moc nh rng keo dai hang tram cay so. Nhan Bac Lieu ngon nhat mien Tay, day cm, nc ngot lm ma hot rat nho. Bac Lieu do phu sa boi ap t nhieu the he trc nen rng sac co mat khap ni, gom cac loai cay ban, mam, c, cham, go tap, nhat la mat va sap ong. Ngay xa, to ong bam day ac tren cay cham, cay gia nhng khong ai lay. Lau dan, rt xuong troi day tren song rach. Mai en i T c, mi co ngi vao sau ben trong sinh song. Sau o, a phng mi chia lo au thau khai thac mat va sap ong. Ho dung cac rach nho lam ranh gii thien nhien e chia khu vc au thau, goi la ngan. T o co cac a danh nh Ngan Ga, Ngan Trau, Ngan Rt... Bac Lieu con co mot ky quan la san chim, quy tu nhieu loai chim quy hiem. Co th to nh chang be, gia ay, long o... C moi buoi chieu, chim t cac ni bay ve rp mot goc tri, ron rang u loai am thanh. San chim co thi la tai nguyen kha 42. 42 ln cua a phng, nhng b khai thac ba bai lay long lam quat ban nen nhieu giong chim gan nh b tuyet chung. Nay ch con mot t san chim. Mot nguon li khac lam giau cho Bac Lieu la muoi. Vao mua thu hoach, nhng "tu muoi" cao ngat nh nui ch chuyen i tieu thu. Chnh la mot muoi man o a p nhng con ca loc, ca sat ni song rach thanh kho, mam thm lng. Mon "mam va rau" hoac mon "bun nc leo" cua Bac Lieu co hng v tuyet vi. Pha nam la bien nen ong bao ta lam nghe anh ca va lam muoi kha ong. Cuoc song cua ong bao trong tnh rat sung tuc v cac nguon li ve canh nong, ng nghiep va nuoi gia suc. Cau noi v "tieu xai nh cong t Bac Lieu" cung phan nao noi len cuoc song phu tuc ac biet cua tnh nay. Lc s Ten "Bac Lieu" do ch Khmer "Po-Loeuh" (oc la Po Leo, ngha la cay a cao), nguyen xa la huyen Tran Di thuoc tran Ha Tien, do Mac Thien Tch lap t nam At Mao 1735. Thi T c, vung nay thuoc phu Ba Xuyen, roi tach ra lap thanh huyen Phong Thanh trc thuoc phu. Thi Phap thuoc, quan Phap at thanh tnh th 20 cua Nam Ky, ngay 18-12-1882, gom cac quan Gia Rai, Ca Mau, Thi Bnh, Quan Long, Tan Bang, Nam Can va Vnh Chau. Giac Phap biet Bac Lieu la vung ong lay, nhieu lau say, dng, lac rat hiem tr, se la ni lap can c cua cac cuoc noi day nen dung nhieu bien phap an ninh e doa dan chung. Nhng dan ta van b mat to chc nhieu hoi kn khang Phap. Phong cnh, di tch San Chim Bac Lieu : Cach th xa Bac Lieu 5 km ve pha ong thuoc xa My Thanh, san chim la mot trong nhng iem du lch sinh thai hap dan nhat cua ong bang song Cu Long. San chim luon tao ra nhng bat ng va sng sot cho du khach en tham. Mi bc vao san chim ban a thay ngay canh nao nhiet cua mot san chim t nhien. Nhng trng chim o ay tren mat at nh hon cuoi trang. Cac loai chim thng hay lam to e tranh cac loai khac en bat chim con... Len loi trong san chim, bat cht ban co the nhn thay loai chim co sai canh dai ti 2 m, nang ti 10 kg... Cac loai chim thng tu tap nhieu nhat vao mua ma t thang 5 en het 43. 43 thang 10. Chung lam to tren cay en khoang thang 1, roi bay i ni khac va bay ve ay vao thang 5 hoac thang 6. Thap Co Vnh Hng : Cach th xa Bac Lieu 20 km ve pha tay bac, thuoc a phan ap Trung Hng, xa Vnh Hng, huyen Vnh Li. Thap co Vnh Hng la di tch kien truc co duy nhat con c bao ton ong bang song Cu Long cua ngi Khmer Nam bo, dau vet cua khu dan c a ton tai va phat trien t nhieu the ky. Thap gan chua Vat Bhah Dhah. Theo ngi dan quanh vung ke lai, trong thap co cot tro di hai cua ong vua Khmer Pudum Surivam, ngi a tng co mat vung nay kha lau. Vao cac nam 1911, 1917, 1959, cac nha khao co a phat hien nhieu hien vat trong khu vc thap, chu yeu la vat th cung. ac biet co tam bia tm thay trong chua canh thap, khac ch Phan c ghi ro thang Karhila nam 814 tng ng vi nam 892 (sau Cong nguyen) va ten vua Yacovan - Man (the ky 9). Thap Vnh Hng c dng tren mot doi at, chan thap hnh ch nhat, mot canh dai 5,6 m; canh kia dai 6,9 m, cao 8,9 m xay bang gach ghep kht lai. Thap co cau truc kha n gian, co mot gian hnh ch nhat, tng day, noc cao uon thanh vom vi mot ca chnh. Trong thap co: mot ban tay tng than bang ong, mot phan than di cua tng n than, tng n than bang a xanh, tng n than Brahma mat bang ong, au tng Phat bang ong... va mot so vat th khac. Moi ngay nha s trong chua thap tung kinh hai lan bang tieng Viet vao luc 4 gi sang va 4 gi chieu. Hang nam nhan dan a phng to chc gio ln tai thap vao ngay 15-1 am lch. ay la dp co ong Phat t trong va ngoai tnh en cung bai. Chua Xiem Can : Cach th xa Bac Lieu 7 km tren ng ra vn chim Bac Lieu, Xiem Can la mot ngoi chua cua ngi Khmer co kien truc giong nh nhng ngoi chua Khmer khac Tra Vinh hoac Soc Trang. Chua a ton tai hn mot the ky nay. Chua c xay cat o so cham tro va trang tr theo phong cach oc ao. Chua Quan e (Chua Ong) : La mot kien truc nh chua mang am ban sac dan toc Hoa, nam ven song Bac Lieu. Ngi Hoa Bac Lieu xem ay nh mot bieu tng van hoa cho dan toc mnh. Chua c xay nam 1835, do ong chu to muoi Chau Quai ng ra van ong ong gop. Ben trong chua con gi c kha nhieu bc hoanh ln. Mot so c cac nghe nhan ngi Hoa cham khac t nhng nam 44. 44 1865 - 1897. Ngoai ra chua Quan e con co mot an th qu gia. Chua th Quan Van Trng thi Tam Quoc. Trong ien th co bc tng Quan Cong mac giap tru uy nghi, hai ben la Quan Bnh va Chau Xng. Theo ngi Hoa Bac Lieu ho chon th Quan Cong bi ho coi trong ch tn trong lam an buon ban, chua Ong la ni ho en cau khan, tham ch giao keo vi nhau trong mua ban. Ngoai ra trong chua con th Thien Hau, Than Tai. Chua Ong la mot trong nhng iem tham quan th xa Bac Lieu. Chua Mi Hoa Bnh : La mot ngoi chua Khmer hay con goi la Se Ray Vong Sa, cach th xa Bac Lieu 13 km ve pha nam, tren quoc lo 1 noi t Bac Lieu sang th xa Ca Mau (ben tay trai). Chua c thiet ke rat oc ao vi cot bao thap v ai cua chua rat de gay s chu y cho du khach. Chua xay dng vao nam 1952, nhng en nam 1990 khu bao thap mi c xay tiep, pha trc la nha hoi hop to va rong. Chua Mi Hoa Bnh con la trng day hoc cho mot so t tn o Phat t va tong ni Khmer cua tnh Minh Hai cu (v phan ln ngi Khmer theo hoc kinh, hoc ch va hoc ao ly lam ngi cac chua Khmer tai Soc Trang). Chua Vnh Hoa : Chua co t lau i, ban au ch la chua nho tai 17B ng Cach Mang, phng 7, th xa Bac Lieu. Nam 1961, hoa thng Tr c khi ve tru tr cho xay lai chua, lap trng trung hoc Bo e tnh Bac Lieu. Nam 1963 chua tr thanh tru s cua Phat giao tnh Bac Lieu. Hien nay chua la ni at van phong cua ban ai dien Phat giao th xa Bac Lieu. Chua Minh (Vnh Trieu Minh Hoi Quan) : Chua hng ra mat song Bac Lieu, thuoc phng 3, th xa Bac Lieu. Chua c khi lap vao nam 1890, co kien truc hnh ch "Quoc" Chua mang am net kien truc kieu cung nh Trung Quoc thi Tien Minh. Ben trong chua con rat nhieu hien vat xa qu nh cot bang go qu cham khac noi va cham long cac phu ieu, bc hoanh, bo l ong mat tre, 16 loai binh kh chien tran... Chua Minh th Thanh Hoang Bon Canh, la bac tien boi co cong khai m at ai. Kien Truc Nha Tay Bac Lieu : Khong giong nh mot so tnh khac nh Can Th, An Giang, Bac Lieu hien nay con kha nhieu dinh th, biet th c cat theo kien truc phng Tay. Ch co mot so t toa nha b h hai trong thi ky tieu tho khang 45. 45 chien. o la nhng toa nha cua cong t Bac Lieu doc theo b song. Cong vien hang me vi nhng dinh th, cong s trang nghiem : Toa Hanh Chnh, Toa An, Dinh Bo (nha quan chu tnh), nha huyen Son, nha hoi ong Trach... (nay la th vien tnh, vien kiem sat, toa bao Bac Lieu...) Cac vat lieu xay dng nh thep uc, ca, cam thach, lat nen, gach... c ch t Phap qua. Cac ngoi nha Tay co kien truc cua nhng nam au the ky 20 : moi nha eu co khong gian thoang ang xung quanh, phan trc oi xng nhau, mai lp ngoi. Mai ngoi hnh bat giac, cac xa noi ngang nh chua. V vay kien truc nha xa Bac Lieu mang mot sac thai rieng khac han nhng nha biet th Phap Ha Noi, Sai Gon, a Lat... Nhn chung cac ngoi nha co net ng be, nen uc cao, quet voi vang. Ben trong nha thng la nhng hanh lang, vom tran cao vut. Hien nay Bac Lieu con khoang gan 30 dinh th, biet th ln nho nam hai ben b song a tr thanh mot di san co gia tr tinh than, mot niem t hao cua ngi dan Bac Lieu. Cc dp l hi Phan ln dan c Bac Lieu la ngi Viet (Kinh), ngi Khmer chiem 4,7% tap trung ong bac Bac Lieu va huyen Gia Rai; ngi Hoa chiem 3,3%. La vung at tru phu thnh vng, ngi dan Bac Lieu hien hoa, hieu khach, co phong cach song phong khoang ac trng cua vung Nam bo. Du khach en Bac Lieu se hieu them ve giai thoai cua cong t Bac Lieu lng danh mot thu giau co va chu chi. ay la ni dng chan cuoi cung cua co nhac s Cao Van Lau, ong a sang tac bai "Da Co Hoai Lang" tien than cua bai ca vong co, loai ca nhac tai t Nam bo rat pho bien Bac Lieu. en Bac Lieu du khach ghe tham san chim Bac Lieu, vn nhan Bac Lieu, thap co Viet Hng, chua Xiem Can, hoac i tham nhng rng c, rng tram, can c t nhien trong khang chien chong xam lc. Neu ung dp vao mua cung nh, du khach con c tham d vao le cung Ky Yen tai nh lang, c coi hat boi va vui chi suot ba ngay em. Ni ay con co cac le Chol Chnam Thmay (Tet au nam), Le on Ta (le xa toi vong nhan Phat giao tieu tha), le Trong Trang (Ok Om Bok)... cua ngi Khmer rat soi ong va ly thu. 46. 46 Bc Cn Dien tch : 4795,54 km. Dan so : 283.000 ngi (2001). Tnh l : Th xa Bac Can. Cac huyen : Ba Be, Ngan Sn, Ch on, Na R, Ch Mi, Bach Thong. Dan Toc : Viet (Kinh), Tay, Nung, Dao... Bac Can la tnh thuoc mien nui va trung du, pha bac giap Cao Bang, pha ong nam giap Lang Sn, pha tay giap Tuyen Quang, pha nam giap Thai Nguyen. a hnh cua tnh chu yeu la oi nui, trung du, he thong song ngoi day ac. Kh hau cua tnh chia lam hai mua: mua ma va mua kho. Nhiet o trung bnh nam khoang 25C. Giao thong ng bo, ng thuy eu thuan li. Bac Can co tiem nang khoang san a dang, tiem nang ve rng, ac biet la cac khu rng nguyen sinh vi he thong ong thc vat rat phong phu. Sinh hot, kinh t a so ong bao Bac Can la ngi Kinh song tap trung cac huyen l, thanh pho; ngoai ra con co cac sac dan Tho, Nung, Man va Dao thng sinh song tren nhng vung rng nui cao. Ngi dan th cung To tien, Than linh, Tri at, ho an Tet vui Xuan rat ln, y phuc thng la mau xanh cham va mau nau. Cac loai ngu coc chnh cua Bac Can la lua, ngo va ke. Hoa mau phu gom trau, ma, thuoc la, dau, si gai... Rng Bac Can co nhieu loai cay hu dung nh lat hoa, lim, gu, long nao, sa nhan, tre, may, na, vau, cu nau, va cac loai da cam da thu. Dan chung Bac Can nuoi nhieu loai gia suc. Tht heo va ga vt ay rat ngon. Ho Ba Be cung cung cap nhieu loai ng san c a thch nh pia nai (pia la ca), pia cao, pia teng, pia tat, ca chep, rua, oc, tom... Bac Can co nhieu quang mo gom vang, bac, a en, kem, ch. Ky nghe khai thac quang mo Bac Can rat ang ke. Thng mai cung kha phon thnh, nh nhng truc lo giao thong vi Cao Bang, Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen. Lc s Bac Can xa thuoc bo Vu nh, mot trong 15 bo cua nc Van Lang. Vao the ky 47. 47 th 3, Bac Can co ten la Phu Nghiem, roi oi thanh quan Vu nh di i ng. Nha Ly at la phu Phu Lng. en i nha Le lai oi thanh phu Thong Hoa, thuoc lo Thai Nguyen. Sang i nha Tran, tnh l Bac Can hien nay la huyen Vnh Thong, roi oi ten lan na thanh Bach Thong vao i Hau Le. Tnh Bac Can c thanh lap nam 1900, gom 20 tong. Nam 1873, giac khach Trung Hoa la Ly Dng Tai noi len cp pha bien gii. Quan Tham Tan ai Than Linh Ninh Thai Tong oc bay gi la Ton That Thuyet mang quan i anh lam chung phai lui ve ong Ba Be; ay la ni ba pha co nui, mot pha la be, va ch co mot ng oc ao ra vao. Ly Dng Tai sai ap hao luy, chuyen van nhieu lng kho, roi co thu hang may thang tri lam quan trieu nh khong sao pha noi. Ong Ton That Thuyet ben c ong Ong Bch Khiem, mot danh tng tai gioi tm cach pha giac. Ong Bch Khiem ch xin mang theo 80 quan lnh khoe manh. Suot 10 ngay em gian kho, toan quan ac biet nay vt eo leo nui e len en mot nh nui Bch Lap, cho sao huyet cua giac cp pha di. Toan quan noi day rng u xuong, bat than tan cong lam bon giac khong ng trc nen hoang s chay tan loan, toan quan cua Ong Bch Khiem a giet sach bon chung, giai cu gan 400 phu n Viet b giac bat gi va tch thu rat nhieu nga, vu kh. en cuoi nam 1889, quan Phap em gan ngan quan chiem Ch Mi lien b ngha quan do ong Ba Ky ch huy anh rat d doi, giac mat 100 ten va 8 s quan thiet mang. Trc nam 1975, tnh Bac Can gom cac huyen Bach Thong, Ch Ra, Ch on, Ngan Sn, Na R va Ch Mi. Phong cnh, di tch Khu du lch Ba Be : ay khu du lch co tiem nang du lch sinh thai, van hoa ln manh va rat co y ngha trong tieu vung du lch mien nui ong Bac, bao gom khoang 20 iem di tch danh thang ac sac, oc ao. Trong o tieu bieu la nhng iem du lch : Ho Ba Be : T Ha Noi theo ng so 3 qua Thai Nguyen, en th xa Bac Can va i tiep khoang 40 km la en ho Ba Be (gan ch Ra). Con song Nang chay di 48. 48 chan nui a voi, gia nhng b vach ng xuyen qua nui Lung Nham, ni o goi la ong Puong. Thuyen nho luon trong ong Puong chap chn trong anh sang m ao, nhng thach nhu hnh thu ky la hien len trc ca ong, i khoi ca ong chng 4 km vao a phan ho Ba Be, mot ho kien tao ln nhat mien Bac Viet Nam gia vung a phien va a voi. Ho dai hn 8 km, rong 3 km, sau khoang 20 - 30 km. oan gia ho hi eo lai. Co hai ao nho noi len gia ho, mot ao giong nh con nga ong cng ang loi nc (nen con goi la ao An Ma) Ho Ba Be o cao khoang 145 m so vi mat nc bien, dien tch mat ho vao khoang 500 ha c bao boc bi nhng day nui a voi co nhieu hang ong va nhng suoi ngam khi an khi hien. Toan canh ho nh mot bc tranh thuy mac lam say long nhieu du khach t xa en nay. Vn Quoc gia Ba Be : Vn quoc gia Ba Be la mot di san thien nhien quy gia, co dien tch 23.340 ha. ay la mot he thong rng nguyen sinh tren nui a voi bao boc xung quanh ho nc trong xanh. ay co ti 417 loai thc vat va 299 loai ong vat co xng song. Co nhieu loai ong vat quy hiem nh phng hoang at, ga loi, vooc mui hech... con c lu gi ay. Cung vi thang canh ho Ba Be, vn quoc gia Ba Be la mot di san thien nhien ep vao bac nhat cua nc ta can phai c bao ve, khai thac a khach du lch ti tham quan, ngh dng, nghien cu. ong Puong : ong Puong nam tren dong song Nang, cach huyen l Ba Be 5 km . ong la ni con song Nang chay xuyen qua mot day nui a voi tao thanh. ong co chieu dai khoang 200 m, chieu cao trung bnh cua ong 25 - 30 m vi nhieu hnh thu, cot a hung v. Trong ong con co an di hang chuc van con sinh song va tru ngu. ong Puong la mot iem du lch sinh thai ac biet oc ao va rat hap dan. Thac au ang : Thac la ni co dong song Nang tiep giap vi tnh Tuyen Quang. Thac au ang co chieu dai khoang 2 km, la ni con song Nang b chan lai bi nhng tang a ln nho xep chong len nhau vi o doc chng 500 m, tao thanh mot thac nc ngoan muc ky v, hoa vi phong canh rng nguyen sinh tao ra mot an tng kho quen. Khong nhng vay, tai ay con xuat hien loai ca Chien (co nhng 49. 49 con nang tren 10 kg) la loai ca hiem thay nhat hien nay. Ao Tien : Ao Tien la mot ho nc nho, rong chng 3 ha nam tren nh nui. B bao boc bi rng nhiet i nen kh hau ay rat mat me va trong lanh. Tng truyen ay chnh la ni cac nang tien tren tri thng xuong tam va anh c. Thac Room : Thac Room thuoc xa Quang Thuan, huyen Bach Thong, nam cach th xa Bac Can 8 km theo tnh lo Bac Can - Ch on. Khu thac Room bao gom mot quan the bai a, song nui rat ep hoa vi canh thien nhien cua nui rng. Thac Room la ni con song Cau b chan bi bai a lo nho dai chng 1 km tao nen phong canh ky thu. Hien nay, s Thng mai - Du lch tnh Bac Can ang co quy hoach thac Room thanh iem du lch phu can cua khu vc th xa Bac Can, bien ni ay thanh khu du lch cuoi tuan vi cac loai hnh vui chi, giai tr, the thao, leo nui, cam trai, ngh dng... Phya Khao : iem du lch Phya Khao thuoc huyen Ch on, la ni co kh hau on hoa, moi trng trong sach. o cao trung bnh so vi mat bien la 800 m, kh hau ay am ap ve mua ong va mat ve mua he. Trc kia Phap a tm ra a iem co kh hau tuyet vi nay va a cho xay nha ngh mat tai ay. Khu bao ton thien nhien Kim Hy : Khu bao ton thien nhien Kim Hy thuoc huyen Na R vi dien tch hang chuc ngan hecta, la ni lu gi va bao ton cua nguon gen ong, thc vat quy hiem. ay con la mot iem du lch, nghien cu sinh thai trong tng lai. ong Nang Tien : ong Nang Tien thuoc xa Lng Ha, huyen Na R, la mot trong hang ong t nhien an sau vao trong long nui a tao nen mot canh ep thien nhien ky thu. Thac Na ang : Thuoc xa Lng Thanh, huyen Na R, la mot thac nc chay t nh nui xuong vi o cao tren 100 m tao nen mot canh ep thien nhien hiem thay. Chua Thach Long : Chua nam ben trong mot hang a voi thuoc xa Cao Ky, huyen Ch Mi. Hang ong nay lai bao gom 2 tang thong vi nhau c goi la tang thien va tang am. Hien nay, chua la ni sinh hoat van hoa tn ngng cua nhan dan trong vung, chua th phat va Thanh Mau. en Tham : en Tham thuoc th tran Ch Mi, huyen Ch Mi, c xay dng 50. 50 mot na gan vao long nui, mot na lo thien. Trc en la con song Cau uon khuc chay l th tao nen phong canh "sn thuy hu tnh". en la ni sinh hoat van hoa tn ngng cua nhan dan trong vung. Cc dp l hi Bac Can la mot trong nhng tnh co nhieu dan toc c tru, v vay nen van hoa cung mang nhieu sac thai, nhieu le hoi truyen thong phong phu, a dang thng c to chc vao sau Tet Nguyen an co nhieu tro chi mang am a ban sac dan toc. Bac Can la tnh mien nui co rat nhieu phong canh thien nhien th mong, hu tnh, nhieu di tch lch s. ay la mot tnh co tiem nang ve du lch kha ln. Tnh Bac Can co nhieu kha nang phat trien e co the tr thanh mot trung tam du lch cua vung trung du va mien nui pha bac. Le hoi xuan Ba Be : Le hoi c to chc ngay ben b ho Ba Be, thuoc xa Nam Mau, huyen Ba Be vao ngay 10 thang 1 am lch hang nam. Le hoi la ni pho dien nhng ban sac dan toc cua ong bao a phng vi nhieu tro chi truyen thong nh: ua thuyen oc moc, nem con, choi bo, mua khen, au vo dan toc... cung nhieu hoat ong van hoa cua ong bao dan toc. Le hoi dien ra mot ngay va thu hut t 1,5 en 2 van du khach ti tham d. Le hoi Phu Thong : Le hoi c to chc vao ngay 10 thang 1 am lch hang nam, tai th tran Phu Thong. Le hoi la ni tap trung nhng tro chi dan gian nh tung con, keo co, hat Sli, hat ln. Ben canh o le hoi con la dp e nhan dan a phng va du khach tham lai chien trng xa ni a dien ra tran anh on Phu Thong. Le hoi Lung Tung (hoi xuong ong) : Le hoi c to chc hau het cac a phng trong tnh vao sau Tet Nguyen an, tieu bieu co hoi Lung Tung c to chc tai xa Bang Khau, huyen Ngan Sn (vao ngay 15 thang 1 am lch hang nam). Hoi Lung Tung la ni ba con cac dan toc tap trung vui chi nhieu tro chi truyen thong nh: mua khen, thoi sao, tung con, trai gai hat giao duyen. Sau o nhan an trong vung lam le cau khan than linh, tri at ban cho nhng vu mua boi thu nhan dp mot nam mi tot lanh. Hoi chua Thach Long : Le hoi c to chc vao 2 ngay la ngay 6 va 7 thang 1 am 51. 51 lch hang nam tai chua Thach Long, xa Cao Ky, huyen Ch Mi. Le hoi la dp nhan dan a phng to chc dang hng tng nh en to tien, ngoai ra le hoi con co nhng tro chi hoat ong van hoa, the thao nh keo co, hat ln, mua... va leo nui thng ngoan phong canh hung v cua hang ong, nui rng. Hoi Xuan Dng : Le hoi c m vao ngay 25 thang 3 am lch tai vung cac dan toc Tay sinh song Xuan Dng, huyen Na R. ay la dp gap mat trong ngay hoi cuoi cung cua mua xuan. Hoi co hat dan gian cua cac dan toc Tay, Nung, Dao... 52. 52 Bc Giang Dien tch : 3816,7 km. Dan so :1.522.000 ngi (2001). Tnh l : Th xa Bac Giang. Cac huyen : Sn ong, Luc Ngan, Luc Nam, Yen The, Lang Giang,Yen Dung, Viet Yen, Tan Yen va Hiep Hoa. Dan toc : Viet (Kinh), Tay.... Bac Giang la tnh mien trung du va giap vi chau tho ong bang Bac Bo. Pha bac va ong bac giap tnh Lang Sn, pha tay va tay bac giap Ha Noi, pha nam va ong nam giap Bac Ninh, Hai Dng va Quang Ninh. a hnh : ong bang, trung du, mien nui. Kh hau chia lam 2 mua : mua ong t thang 10 en thang 3; mua he t thang 4 e thang 9. Nhiet o trung bnh 24C. Giao thong : tng oi thuan tien. ng sat : T Bac Giang co the ve Ha Noi, len Lang Sn, sang Thai Nguyen va vung cong nghiep mo Quang Ninh. ng bo : He thong ng bo thuan li co quoc lo 1A chay qua. Nhieu tuyen tnh lo va huyen l. ng song : Tnh Bac Giang co nhieu song ln ( Song Cau, song Thng, song Luc Nam) chay qua tnh, thuan tien cho van tai ng song, gop phan ti tieu nc phuc vu cho san xuat nong nghiep, du lch. Sinh hot kinh t a so ong bao sinh song tai Bac Giang la ngi Kinh, nhng vung pha Bac co nhieu ong bao sac toc Tho, Man va Nung. ao Gia To phat trien manh Bac Giang t au the ky 18. Vao dp Tet, cac lang que thng m hoi vi nhieu tro chi vui nh anh u, anh c, hat Quan Ho, va ac biet la tro "keo ch". Bac Giang co nhieu ong ruong va on ien, hoa mau chnh la lua, rat nhieu loai hoa mau phu nh ngo, au tng, khoai lang, ca chua, cac loai rau. Cay ky nghe co ca phe, thuoc la, ma, thau dau, dau nuoi tam. ong bao Tho vung cao co the trong ca hai loai lua nui va ong bang. Cay an trai gom cam, qut, da, chanh. Cam Bo Ha ngon noi tieng. Rng Yen The co nhieu go, tre, na, vau, song va da thu. Bac Giang rat t mo, ch co mo ch ang ke khu nui Thong. Ngoai ky nghe nuoi tam Phu Lang Thng, Bac Giang con co nhng ky nghe nhe nh uc 53. 53 li cay Phu Mai. Lc s at Bac Giang xa thuoc bo Vu Ninh, mot trong 15 bo cua nc Van Lang. i Tien Le goi la Giang Bac. i Tran at lo Bac Giang. Thi vua Le Thanh Tong oi la Kinh Bac, roi x Kinh Bac. en nha Le, luc au at Bac ao, roi thanh Bac Giang tha tuyen. Tnh l Bac Giang, ten Phu Lang Thng, trc kia la tru s mot toa ai ly thuoc tnh Bac Ninh, sau o b bai bo nam 1889 e thanh lap tnh Luc Nam vi phan ln cac phu huyen cua tnh Bac Giang. en nam 1895 th tnh Bac Giang c chnh thc thanh lap lai gom hai phu Lang Giang va a Phuc cung sau huyen, ve sau lai co them huyen Luc Ngan. Khi quan Phap anh chiem cac tnh mien Bac nc ta, dan Bac Giang cung vi ong bao ca nc noi len anh lai chung. Ngay 24-6-1884, tran Bac Le xay ra trong ma bao, quan ta vay giac tren nui, bao ca hai mat, chung phai m ng mau ma chay. Ngay 8-10-1884, giac em binh lnh chiem on Kep gap phai tinh than chien au gan da cua ngha quan. Tran anh can chien kinh hon dien ra vi gm, giao, li le. Nhieu s quan va binh lnh giac a chet trong tran Kep. Ngay 12-2-1885, ta chan chung Pho V. Cuoi thang 12-1885, ong Cai Bnh (canh tay mat cua Hoang nh Kinh, goi la Cai Kinh) t chien khu Bao Loc, gia Phu Lang Thng va Kep, chong tra manh liet vi ba ai oi cua quan Phap. Cung trong nam 1885, phong trao Can Vng lan rong khap ni, chien khu Bai Say cua anh hung Nguyen Thien Th