===af“sL k[i7 # df

===af“sL k[i7 @ df

!= …o'lgel;{6L ckm l;8\gLÚ sf k|fWofks tyf ljBfyL{x¿ cfof]udf @

@= b}n]v 36gf b'Mvb #

#= ;~rf/sdL{x¿nfO{ dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL tflnd lbOg'kg]{ $

$= …;To lg¿k0f tyf d]nldnfk cfof]uÚ kmf}hbf/L sfg'gsf] kl/k"/sdfq M cfof]u $

$= ;+lIfKt ;dfrf/ %

%= cfof]usf ultljlwnfO{ r':t–b'?:t agfpg hf]8 ^

^= dgf];fdflhs / dgfj}1flgs 9ª\udf sfo{ljlw sfof{Gjog x'g'kg]{ &

&= kqsf/ / dfgj clwsf/sdL{x¿sf] ;'/Iffaf/] k|wfgdGqLnfO{ kqfrf/ *

b}n]v 36gfaf/] cgu'dg k|ltj]bg

/fhgLlts bnx¿ ;+oldt x'g'kg]{df hf]8

;Qf;Lg Pg]skf dfcf]jfbL / k|ltkIfL bnsf sfo{stf{x¿aLr @)^( ;fn df3 !) ut] b}n]v ;b/d'sfddf ePsf] em8ksf] 36gfaf/] /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]un] cg'udg k|ltj]bg ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5 .

;b/d'sfd b}n]v ahf/df df3 !) ut] Pg]skf dfcf]jfbL b}n]vsf] lhNnf ;Dd]ng pb\3f6g ug{ ToxfF k'Ug'ePsf k|wfgdGqL afa'/fd e§/fO{sf] lj/f]w:j?k k|ltkIfL bnn] lj/f]w k|bz{g u/]sf], ToxL lbg g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 b}n]v klg kqsf/ 8]s]Gb| yfkf

xTof;DaGwL d'2fnfO{ lnP/ ;/sf/sf] lj/f]wdf plqPsf] / o; qmddf ;Qf kIf / k|ltkIfsf sfo{stf{x¿aLr em8k ePsf] k|ltj]bgdf plNnlvt 5 .

k|ltj]bgsf cg';f/ Pg]skf dfcf]jfbL b}n]vsf sfo{stfx¿ lhNnf ;Dd]ng ;kmn u/fpg / k|ltkIfL 5 /fhgLlts bn k|wfgdGqLsf] k|d'v cfltYodf x'g nfu]sf] pQm sfo{qmd c;kmn kfg{ p4t /xFbf em8ksf] jftfj/0f ag]sf]n] / em8k lgoGq0f ug{ k|x/Ln] c>'UofF; k|xf/ ug'{sf ;fy} xjfO kmfOl/ª u/]sf] lyof] .

em8ksf qmddf Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf vu]Gb|axfb'/ xdfn;lxt #) hgf sfo{stf / k|ltkIfL g]skf Pdfn]sf lhNnf cWoIf cDd/axfb'/ yfkf ;d]t !^ hgf sfo{stf{ 3fOt] ePsf, Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf] kf6L sfof{no tf]8kmf]8 / cfuhgL ePsf] k|ltj]bgdf plNnlvt 5 .

To; qmddf …t];|f] cfFvfÚ b}lgssf] sfof{nosf] lzzf km'6]sf], sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGq0fsf] sfof{nodf ;fdfGo Iflt ePsf], Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf] lhNnf clwj]zgdf cj/f]w t'Nofpg

;lrj vgfnsf] ljbfO/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf ;lrj ljzfn vgfn cfˆgf] kfFr jif]{ sfo{sfn k"/f u/L df3 @^ ut] cjsfz lng'ePsf] 5 .

cfof]usf] ;efsIfdf ljbfO ;df/f]xdf af]Nb} ;lrj vgfnn] y'k|} sl7gfOsf aLrdf cfk"mn] kbef/ u|x0f u/]sf] rrf{ ub}{ cfk"mnfO{ ;xsdL{x¿af6 pNn]vgLo ¿kdf ;xof]u ldn]sf] atfpg'eof] .

To; cj;/df cfof]usf lgb]{zs j]bk|;fb e§/fO{n] ;lrj ljzfn vgfnsf] g]t[Tjdf dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{gdf cfof]un] dxTjk"0f{ sfd u/]sf] atfpg'eof] .

lgb]{zs e§/fO{n] ;lrj vgfnnfO{ ljbfO ug'{kbf{ cfk"mx¿nfO{ b'Mv nfu]sf] atfpFb} pxfFsf] ;kmn eljiosf] sfdgf ug'{eof] .

dfgjclwsf/kqjif{ %, cÍ !) @)^( df3/fli6«o dfgjclwsf/ cfof]usf] ;dfrf/ a'n]l6g

Human Rights Post NHRC Monthly Newsletter Vol. 5 Issue 10, Jan - Feb. 2013;a}sf nflu dof{bf, ;dfgtf / G

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dfgjclwsf/kq df3 k[i7 2

cfof]usf kbflwsf/Lx¿cWoIf M s]bf/gfy pkfWofo;b:o M /fdglugf l;+x;b:o M uf}/L k|wfg;b:o M 8f= nLnf kf7s;b:o M 8f= s]=aL= /f]sfof

/fli6«o dfgjclwsf/ cfof]us]Gb|Lo sfof{no, nlntk'/

;lrj=== k[i7 ! sf] af“sL

cfof]usf csf{ lgb]{zs ;'j0f{ sdf{rfo{n] cfk"mn] ;lrj ljzfn vgfnaf6 l;s]sf

lgs} cg'k|fl0ft ePsf] atfpg'eof] .

ljbfO ;df/f]xdf cfof]usf sd{rf/Lx¿ s}nfzs'df/ lzjfsf]6L, Zofdafa' sfˆn], ;Demgf zdf{, nf]sgfy af:tf]nf, ab|L ;'j]bL, ho]Zj/ rfkfufO{ / k|B'Dg s§]nn] ;lrj vgfnn] cfof]unfO{ lbg'ePsf] of]ubfgsf] k|z+;f ub}{ pxfFsf] efjL hLjgsf] ;kmntfsf] sfdgf ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

ljzfn vgfn @)^$ ;fn df3 @& ut] cfof]usf] ;lrj kbdf lgo'Qm x'g'ePsf] lyof] .

pxfFsf] cjsfzkl5 cfof]usf lgb]{zs j]bk|;fb e§/fO{n] lgldQ ;lrjsf] lhDd]jf/L ;DxfNg'ePsf] 5 .

y'k|} u'0fdWo] ;xgzLntf klg Ps xf] eGb} pxfFsf] ldng;f/ Jojxf/af6 cfk"m

…o'lgel;{6L ckm l;8\gLÚ sf k|fWofks tyf ljBfyL{x¿ cfof]udfci6]«lnofsf] …o'lgel;{6L ckm l;8\gLÚ df sfg'g k9fpg] k|fWofks tyf ToxfF cWoog/t ljBfyL{x¿n] /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] sfof{no e|d0f u/]/ cfof]un] xfn;Dd ;Dkfbg u/]sf] sfd / g]kfnsf] dfgj clwsf/sf] ;du| cj:yfaf/] hfgsf/L lnPsf] 5 .

cfof]usf ;lrj ljzfn vgfnn] ;xefuLx¿nfO{ :jfut ub}{ cfof]u If]qflwsf/, cGt/f{li6«o x}l;ot / o;n] xfn;Dd ;Dkfbg u/]sf] sfdaf/] k|:t'tLs/0f ug'{eof] .

sfo{qmdsf ;xefuLx¿n] cfof]un] dfgj clwsf/ ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{gdf xfFl;n u/]sf] pknAwL, cfof]uåf/f ;/sf/nfO{ ul/Psf] l;kmfl/z sfof{Gjogsf] cj:yf, oftgf;DaGwL ph'/L, ljlwsf] zf;g, b08xLgtfnufotsf ljifodf lh1f;f /fVg'eof] .

;xefuLx¿sf] lh1f;fsf] pQ/ lb+b} ;lrj vgfnn] åGåsfnLg ;dodf cfof]u k/]sf t/ cg';Gwfg x'g afFsL /x]sf ph'/Lx¿dflysf] cg';Gwfg sfo{ tLj| ¿kdf eO/x]sf] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . pxfFn] cfof]usf k/]sfdWo] nueu %) k|ltzt ph'/Ldfly cg';GWffg eO;s]sf] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .

pxfFn] cfof]un] ;/sf/nfO{ u/]sf

l;kmfl/z cf+lzs ¿kdf sfof{Gjog ePsf] hfgsf/L lb+b} To;sf] k"0f{ sfof{Gjogsf nflu ;/sf/nfO{ af/Daf/ emSemSofO/x]sf] / of] qmd hf/L g} /x]sf] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .

;f] cj;/df af]Nb} e|d0f 6f]nLd} ;xefuL x'g'ePsf …sf7df08" :s"n ckm nÚ sf o'j/fh ;+u|f}nfn] y'k}| afwf–cj/f]wsf aLr klg /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]un] dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{gdf dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]ln/x]sf] ljrf/ JoQm ug'{eof] .

sfo{qmddf af]Nb} k|fWofks 8]le8 lsGn]n] cfof]usf] e|d0f u/]kl5 g]kfnsf] dfgj clwsf/sf] cj:yfaf/] dxTjk"0f{

hfgsf/L kfPsf]df ;Gtf]if JoQm ub}{ cfof]unfO{ wGojfb 1fkg ug'{eof] .

;f] cj;/df ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo ljsf; sfo{qmdsf k/fdz{bftf hf]g kfr] tyf cfof]usf pRr kb:y clws[tx¿ klg pkl:yt x'g'x'GYof] .

dfgjclwsf/kq df3 k[i7 3

/fhgLlts bnx?=== k[i7 ! sf] af“sL

k|ltkIfL bnsf sfo{stf{x¿n] 7fpF 7fpFdf ?v 9fn]/ ;8s cj?4 u/]sf s'/f klg k|ltj]bgdf plNnlvt 5 .

clwsf/jfbL ;+:yfx¿sf] ;dGjokl5 36gfaf/] /fhgLlts bnx¿n] cfTd;dLIff ub}{ cfpFbf lbgdf cfk;df ;'dw'/ ;DaGw :yfkgf ug]{ / lj:yflkt kqsf/x¿nfO{ lhNnfdf kmsf{pg kxn ug]{ ljifodf df3 !# ut] lnlvt ;xdlt ePsf] klg k|ltj]bgdf hgfOPsf] 5 .

;'emfjsf] ¿kdf cg'udg k|ltj]bgdf elgPsf] 5, …lrQ ga'e]msf s'/fdf lj/f]w ug{ kfOg] g};lu{s clwsf/sf] pkof]u ubf{ nf]]stflGqs d"No / dfGotcg'¿k /fhgLlts bnx¿n] zflGtk"0f{ / ;+oldt sfo{z}nL ckgfpg'kg]{ b]lvG5 .Ú

o;}u/L, Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf sfo{stf{af6 wDsL cfPsf] eGb} df3 !! b}n]v 5f]8]sf kqsf/x¿ /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] ;dGjodf k'gM lhNnf kms]{/ sfd z'? ug'{ePsf] 5 .

cfof]usf] pkl:yltsf nflu cg'/f]w ePadf]lhd cfof]usf] 6f]nL @)^( ;fn df3 !% ut] ;'v]{tdf uO{ cf>o lnO/xg'ePsf b}n]vsf kqsf/ k'gM:yfkgf sfo{ ;DkGg ul/Psf] lyof] .

kqsf/x¿nfO{ k'gM:yfkgf ug{sf nflu If]qLo k|zf;g sfof{no -;'v]{t_ sf If]qLo k|zf;s zf/bfk|;fb lqtfn, dWoklZrd k|x/L sfof{nosf k|d'v 6k]Gb|Wjh xdfn;lxtsf] ;'/Iff ;+oGq Pjd\ g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3sf] s]Gb|Lo 6f]nL b}n]vsf kqsf/x¿sf ;fydf To;tk{m k|:yfg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

b}n]v k'u]kl5 lj:yflkt kqsf/x?nfO{ Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLnufot /fhgLlts bnsf :yfgLo k|d'vx?n] k"mndfnf / clj/ nufO{ lhNnfdf :jfut ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

To; cj;/df Pg]skf dfcf]jfbL kf6L{sf b}n]v lhNnf ;+of]hs s0f{ a:g]tn] cfkm\gf] kf6L{af6 k|]; hutnfO{ s'g} klg lsl;dsf] 8/ / wDsL gx'g] arg lbg'eof] .

cg'udgsf] l;nl;nfdf 6f]nLn] /fhgLlts bnsf k|d'v, If]qLo k|zf;s, :yfgLo k|x/L k|zf;g, lj:yflkt kqsf/, dfgj clwsf/sdL{, :yfgLo a'l4hLjL, sfg'g Joj;foL, 3fOt] cflb;Fu e]63f6 Pjd\ k/fdz{ u/]sf] lyof] . cfof]usf clws[tåo xl/ 1jfnL / /d]z yfkfn] b}n]v 36gfsf] cg'udg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

dfgjclwsf/kq df3 k[i7 4

;~rf/sdL{x¿nfO{ dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL tflnd lbOg'kg]{

dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f tyf ;+j4{gsf nflu dfgj clwsf/ / cfd;~rf/sf] cGt/;DaGwaf/] cled'vLs/0f tyf tflnd sfo{qmdnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg'kg]{ ;'emfj :ofª\hfsf ;~rf/sdL{x¿n] lbg'ePsf] 5 .

/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u If]qLo sfof{no -kf]v/f_ tyf g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 -:ofËhf_ åf/f ;+o'Qm ¿kdf :ofª\hfdf cfof]lht …dfgj clwsf/ / ;~rf/Ú ljifos tflnddf pxfFx¿n] pQm ;'emfj lbg'ePsf] xf] .

pxfFx¿n] hg:t/df ;"rgf k|jfx ug]{ sfo{df cfd;~rf/ dfWodn] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{;Sg] rrf{ ub}{ dfgj

clwsf/;DaGwL ;"rgf k|jfx ug{sf nflu ;~rf/sdL{x¿nfO{ yk tflnd cfjZos ePsf] atfpg'eof] .

tflnddf dfgj clwsf/sf] ljZjJofkL 3f]if0ffkq, !($*Ù /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/Ù kqsf/ cfrf/ ;+lxtfÙ dfgj clwsf/ / ;~rf/sf] ;DaGwÙ ;"rgfsf] xsÙ cleJolQm :jtGqtfÙ dfgj clwsf/ k|j4{g / ;+j4{gsf nflu cfd;~rf/Ù dfgj clwsf/ / ck/fwaLrsf] leGgtfnuoftsf ljifodf k|:t'tLs/0f ul/Psf] lyof] .

/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u If]qLo sfof{no -kf]v/f_ sf lgldQ lgb]{zs

o1k|;fb clwsf/L, g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 g]kfnsf k"j{cWoIf wd]{Gb| emf / …uf]N8]g Go"hÚ b}lgs -kf]v/f_ sf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs u+ufw/ k/fh'nLn] k|lzIf0f lbg'ePsf] lyof] .

tflndsf] pb\36fg ;qdf :ofª\hfsf ;xfos k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L, lzlz/ kf}8]n, k|x/L sfof{nosf k|d'v k|x/L pk/LIfs ;f]d]Gb|l;+x /f7f}/, lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{nosf jl/i7 hg:jf:Yo clws[t gu]Gb| rf}w/Lnufotsf jQmx¿n] tflndn] dfgj clwsf/sf] >Lj[l4df v]Ng;Sg] e"ldsfaf/] k|sfz kfg'{ePsf] lyof] . tflnddf :ofª\hfsf lhNnfdf sfo{/t #% hgf ;~rf/sdL{ ;xefuL x'g'x'GYof] .

…;Tolg¿k0f tyf d]nldnfk cfof]uÚ

kmf}hbf/L sfg'gsf] kl/k"/sdfq M cfof]uk|x/L dxflg/LIfs s'a]/l;+x /fgfn] åGåsfnLg ;dosf d'2f cl3 ga9fpg" eg]/ cfk"m dftxtsf clws[tx¿nfO{ lgb]{zg lbg'ePsf] eGg]af/] k|sflzt ;dfrf/sf] ljifonfO{ lnP/ /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]un] pxfF;Fu hfgsf/L lnPsf] 5 .

;f] cj;/df af]Nb} cfof]usf cWoIf s]bf/gfy pkfWofon] …;To lg¿k0f tyf d]nldnfk cfof]uÚ dfgj clwsf/lj?4sf] ck/fwsf] sfg'gL sf/afxLsf] ljsNMk x'g ;Sb}g eGg'eof] .

cWoIf pkfWofon] …;Tolg¿k0f tyf d]nldnfk cfof]uÚ kmf}hbf/L Gofosf] kl/k"/sdfq xf] eGb} aGb} gag]sf] …;Tolg¿k0f tyf d]nldnfk cof]uÚ nfO{ cl3 ;f/]/ ck/flws k|s[ltsf d'2fsf] sf/afxL k|lqmof s'g} klg txaf6

cj?4 ug{ gldNg]df hf]8 lbg'eof] .

To; cj;/df cfof]usf ;b:o /fdglugf l;+xn] t/fOsf sltko 36gfdf gSsnL eL8Gt v8f u/]/ cleo'QmnfO{ dfg]{ ul/Psf] hfgsf/L cfk"mx¿n] kfPsf] atfpFb} cleo'Qmsf] afFRg] clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg ug{ klg cfu|x ug'{eof] .

cfof]usf ;b:o uf}/L k|wfgn] g]kfnn] b08ljxLgtfsf] Oltxf; d]6\g cfjZos 5 eGb} …;Tolg¿k0f tyf d]nldnfk cof]uÚ sf] gfddf ljBdfg kmf}hbf/L Gofok|0ffnLnfO{ ldRg gldNg] wf/0ff cl3 ;fg'{eof] .

pxfFn] d'2f lkmtf{ lng …;Tolg¿k0f tyf d]nldnfk cfof]uÚ grflxg] / d'2fpk/ sf/afxL cl3 a9fpgrflxF ToxL cfof]u rflxg] eGg] ;/sf/sf] lj/f]wfefifk"0f{

sfo{z}nL cfZro{nfUbf] ePsf] l6Kk0fL ug'{eof] .

;f] cj;/df af]Nb} k|x/L dxflg/LIfs s'a]/l;+x /fgfn] cfk"m sfg'g sfof{Gjog ug]]{ lhDd]jf/ kbdf /x]sf]n] åGåsfnLg ;dosf d'2f cl3 ga9fpg" eg]/ lgb{]zg lbg] b':;fx; slxNo} gu/]sf] atfpg'eof] .

pxfFn] k|x/L ;+u7g dfgj clwsf/ / ljlwsf] zf;gk|lt k"0f{ akmfbf/ /x]sf] ljrf/ cl3 ;fg'{eof] .

pQm cj;/df ck/fw cg';Gwfg k|lqmofdf ljlw;Ddt / dfgj clwsf/d}qL cjwf/0ff c+lusf/ ub}{ k|x/L ;+u7gleq dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL tflnd / Jojxf/nfO{ ;+:yfut ug{ cfof]un] lgb]{zg lbof] .

dfgjclwsf/kq df3 k[i7 5

dfgj clwsf/ ;Gbe{ k'l:tsfaf/] k/fdz{ /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]un] lzIfsx¿sf nflu tof/ kfl/Psf] dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL ;|f]t k'l:tsf d:of}bfaf/] eQmk'/df k/fdz{ sfo{qmd cfof]hgf u/]sf] 5 .

sfo{qmddf lzIff ljefusf dxflgb]{zs 8f= njb]j cj:yL, cfof]usf lgb]{zs j]bk|;fb e§/fO{nufotsf jQmfx¿n] ;Gbe{ k'l:tsfnfO{ kmnbfoL agfpg] ljifodf ljZn]if0ffTds wf/0ff cl3 ;fg'{ePsf] lyof] .

sfo{qmddf kf7oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|, z}lIfs hgzlQm ljsf; s]Gb|, hgs lzIff ;fdu|L s]Gb|, k/LIff lgoGq0f s]Gb|, lkmgNof08 /fhb"tfjf;sf k|ltlglw, k|f1 tyf kqsf/x¿sf] ;xeflutf lyof] .

a'6jndf dfgj clwsf/ ;|f]t s]Gb|dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL 1fg / ;"rgf hg:t/;Dd k'¥ofpg] p2]Zon] /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] pkIf]qLo sfof{no -a'6jn_ df dfgj clwsf/ ;|f]t s]Gb| :yfkgf ePsf] 5 .

cfof]usf ;b:o uf}/L k|wfgn] Ps ;df/f]xaLr ;f] s]Gb|sf] pb\3f6g ug'{eof] . sfo{qmddf cfof]usf ;lrj ljzfn vgfn, a'6jn gu/kflnsf k|d'v vdaxfb'/ /fodfemL, hjfkmb]lxtf lgu/fgL ;ldltsf c~rn ;+of]hs clwjQmf dx]Gb| kf08], df]xg;fu/ a:ofnnufotsf JolQmTjx¿sf] pkl:ylt lyof] .

a'6jnsf cltl/Qm cfof]usf If]qLo sfof{nox¿ hgsk'/, lj/f6gu/, wgu9L / kf]v/fdf dfgj clwsf/ ;|f]t s]Gb| v'ln;s]sf 5g\ .

:jR5 ;'g'jfO;DaGwL k':ts ;fj{hlgs/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf cWoIf s]bf/gfy pkfWofon] …:jR5 ;'g'jfO;DaGwL cg';Gwfgd"ns cWoogÚ gfds k':ts ;fj{lhgs ug'{ePsf] 5 .

cfof]usf] ;efsIfdf cfof]lht k':ts ;fj{lhgs ;df/f]xdf …/fli6«o Goflos kl/ifb, g]kfnÚ sf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs /f3jnfn j}B, g]kfn af/ P;f]l;Pzgsf gjlgjf{lrt pkfWoIf 6Lsf/fd e§/fO{nufotsf JolQmTjx¿ pkl:yt x'g'x'GYof] .

cgf}krfl/s If]q ;]jf s]Gb| -OG;]s_ / …/fli6«o Goflos kl/ifb, g]kfnÚ sf] ;+o'Qm k|of;df k|sflzt ;f] k':tsdf cGt/f{li6«o sfg'g, glh/ Pjd lgikIf Gofo ;Dkfbgsf ljljw kIfx¿ ;d]l6Psf 5g\ .

tgx"Fsf ;~rf/sdL{x¿nfO{ tflnd/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u If]qLo sfof{no -kf]v/f_ …bdf}nL o'g]:sf] SnjÚ sf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf ;~rf/sdL{¿sf nflu dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL tflnd tgx"Fdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .

tflnddf dfgj clwsf/sf] ljZjJofkL 3f]if0ffkq, !($*Ù /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/Ù kqsf/ cfrf/ ;+lxtfÙ dfgj clwsf/ / ;~rf/sf] ;DaGwÙ ;"rgfsf] xsÙ cleJolQm :jtGqtfÙ dfgj clwsf/ k|j4{g / ;+j4{gsf nflu cfd;~rf/Ù dfgj clwsf/ / ck/fwaLrsf] leGgtfnuoftsf ljifodf k|:t'tLs/0f ul/Psf] lyof] .

/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u If]qLo sfof{no -kf]v/f_ sf lgldQ lgb]{zs o1k|;fb clwsf/L / …lk|m8d kmf]/dÚ sf cWoIf tf/fgfy bfxfn ;|f]t JolQm x'g'ePsf] ;f] tflnd tgx"Fdf sfo{/t #) hgf ;~rf/sdLx¿sf] ;xeflutf lyof] . …bdf}nL o'g]:sf] SnjÚ cWoIf k|bLk sfˆn]n] cWoIftfdf tflnd ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .

;+lIfKt ;dfrf/sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ dfgj

clwsf/af/] tflnd

/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u pkIf]qLo sfof{no -h'Dnf_ n] h'Dnfdf sfo{/t ;'/Iff lgsfo / Goflos tyf cw{Goflos lgsfodf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx¿sf nflu dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL tflnd cfof]hgf u/]sf] 5 .

tflnddf dfgj clwsf/sf] cjwf/0ff, dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o sfg'g, dfgj clwsf/sf] kfngfdf /fHosf] bfloTj, dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{gdf dfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx¿sf] e"ldsf, dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o ;+oGq, dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{gsf nflu ;/sf/L / u}/;/sf/L lgsfoaLr ;xsfo{ / ;dGjosf] cfjZostf cflb ljifodf 5nkmn ul/Psf] lyof] .

;f] cj;/df dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u pkIf]qLo sfof{no -h'Dnf_ sf k|d'v e+ms/axfb'/ /fjn, clwsf/sdL{ tyf clwjQmf dLgaxfb'/ dxt, lhNnf GofoflwjQmf 6]saxfb'/ yfkf / /fh]Gb| Gof}kfg]n] ;xhLs/0f ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

tflnddf lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no, lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no, g]kfnL ;]gfsf @$ g++ aflxgL / l;l4aS; u0f, lhNnf / k'g/fj]bg cbfnt, dfnkf]t sfof{no, lhNnf jg sfof{no, lhNnf lzIff sfof{no, lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{no, vfg]kfgL tyf zx/L ljsf; sfof{no, dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf sfof{no, lhNnf e"–;+/If0f sfof{no;d]tsf $) hgf sd{rf/L ;xefuL x'g'x'GYof]] .

tflndsf ;xefuLx¿n] tflndaf6 cfk"mx¿n] dfgj clwsf/sf] af/]df pkof]uL 1fg kfPsf] rrf{ ub}{ tflnd cfof]hgf u/]sf]df cfof]unfO{ wGojfb ;d]t lbg'ePsf] lyof] .

/fi6«;]js sd{rf/Lx¿ dfgj clwsf/sf] d"ne"t dfGotfx?nfO{ cfTd;ft u/L dfgj clwsf/d}qL jftfj/0fdf ckgfO{ sfo{;Dkfbg ug{ ;Ifd xf]pg\ eGg] x]t'n] tflnd cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] .

dfgjclwsf/kq df3 k[i7 6

cfof]usf] ;dLIff a}7s

cfof]usf ultljlwnfO{ r':t–b'?:t agfpg hf]8/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] ;dLIff a}7s cfof]usf ultljlwx¿nfO{ r':t–b'?:t ¿kdf cl3 a9fpg] k|lta4tfsf ;fy sf7df8f}+df ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .

sfo{qmdsf] pb\3f6g ;qdf af]Nb} cfof]usf cWoIf s]bf/gfy pkfWofon] cfof]usf ultljlwx¿ ;+VofTds ¿kdf dfq geO{ u'0ffTds ¿kdf klg /fd|f] x'g'kg]{df cfof]usdL{x¿sf] Wofg hfg cfjZos /x]sf] atfpg'eof] .

pxfFn] cfof]un] gful/ssf] kIfdf sfd ug'{kg]{df hf]8 lbFb} cfof]usf] ;]jf / ;xhLs/0f lg/k]If gful/s;Dd k'u]sf] 5 ls 5}g eg]/ cfof]usdL{x¿n] cfk}+m;Fu ;f]Wg'kg]{ a]nf cfPsf] wf/0ff cl3 ;fg'{eof] .

Ps k|;+udf pxfFn] cfof]usf] Joj:yfksLo kIf / …x\o"dg /fO6;\ dfs]{l6ªÚ df ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ vfFrf] cf}+NofpFb} dfgj clwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt cfFs8fx¿ r':t–b'?:t /fVg ;''emfj lbg'eof] .

;f] cj;/df af]Nb} cfof]usf ;b:o /fdglugf l;+xn] ut ;fpgdf w"lnv]ndf ;DkGg jlif{s sfo{of]hgf th'{df a}7sdf JoQm k|lta4tfx¿ s'g xb;Dd kfngf eof] eg]/ d"Nof+sg / cfTd;dLIff ug]{ a]nf cfPsf] wf/0ff cl3 ;fg'{eof] .

;b:o l;+xn] b]z bL3{sfnLg ;+qmd0faf6 u'h|]sf] rrf{ ub}{ ;z:q åGåsf ;dodf cfof]udf k/]sf ph'/L uDeL/ k|s[ltsf dfgj clwsf/ xggsf 36gfx¿sf] oyfzSo l56f] l5gf]kmfgf] x'g'kg]{df hf]8 lbg'eof] .

pxfFn] …l9nf] Gofo lbg' eg]sf] Gofo glbg' hlQs} xf]Ú eGg] Gofo If]qsf] ax'k|rlnt egfOnfO{ pw|[t ub}{ cfof]udf k/]sf ;z:q åGåsfnLg ph'/Lx¿dfly uDeL/tfsf ;fy cg';Gwfg u/L l56f] 6'ª\uf]df k'Ug'kg]{ cfjZostf cf}FNofpg'eof] .

sfo{qmdsf] pb\3f6g ;qdf af]Nb} cfof]usf ;b:o uf}/L k|wfgn] cfof]u y'k|} cK7]/f]x¿aLr u'lh|/x] klg lxhf]sf lbgdf eGbf cfh cfof]u /fd|f];Fu cl3 a9]sf] atfpg'eof] .

pxfFn] cfof]udf hgtfsf] ck]Iff / ;/f]sf/ ufFl;Psf]n] cfof]u hgck]Iff kl/k"lt{ ug]{ lbzfdf x/bd cl3 a9\g'kg]{ vfFrf] cf}+NofpFb} gLltut cik:6tfnfO{ lr/]/ gful/ssf] dfgj clwsf/ ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{gsf] lbzfdf cfof]usdL{x¿ bQlrQ x'g'kg]{df hf]8 lbg'eof] .

pxfFn] cfof]usf] sd{rf/L–k|zf;gdf b]vfk/]sf ufx|f];fx|f]k|lt ljZn]if0ffTds wf/0ff /fVb} y'k|} k|of; ubf{ub}{ klg cfof]udf ck'u hgzlQm egf{ ug]{ / ljBdfg sd{rf/Lx¿sf] ;]jf–;'ljwf a9fpg] lbzfdf ck]lIft k|ult x'g g;s]sf]df b'Mv JoQm ug'{eof] .

To; c;j/df af]Nb} cfof]usf ;lrj ljzfn vgfnn] cfly{s jif{ @)^(÷)&) sf] k|yd 5 dlxgfdf cfof]un] ;Dkfbg u/]sf] sfdx¿sf] ;dLIffTds ljj/0f k|:t't ug'{eof] .

;lrj vgfnn] cfof]un] ;Dkfbg ug{ afFsL /x]sf ;z:q åGåsfnLg ;dodf k/]sf nueu !) xhf/ ph'/Lx¿dfly cWoog–cg';Gwfg ug{sf nflu cfly{s jif{ @)^(÷)&) sf] k|yd 5 dlxgfdf ljz]if 6f]nLx¿ v6fOPsf] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .

pxfFn] ljz]if 6f]nLx¿ v6fPkl5 cfof]un] ;Dkfbg ug{ afFsL /x]sf

ph'/Lx¿dWo] cfwfh;f]sf] cWoog–cg';Gwfg sfo{;DkGg ePsf]df o;nfO{ o;nfO{ cfof]un] cfly{s jif{ @)^(÷)&) sf] k|yd 5 dlxgfdf xfFl;n u/]sf] dxTjk"0f{ pknAwLsf] ¿kdf lrq0f ug'{eof] .

…/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] Ifdtf ;anLs/0f kl/of]hgfÚ sf k|aGws ;fwgf l3ld/]n] kl/of]hgfn] xfn;Dd xfFl;n u/]sf pknAwL / efjL sfo{of]hgf k|:t't ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

pxfFn] kl/of]hgfsf] cjlw ;g\ @)!# sf] ;]K6]Da/;Dddfq /x]sf]n] To; cjlw;Dd k|fKt ;donfO{ ;b'kof]u u/]/ gful/ssf] dfgj clwsf/ ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{gdf dxTjk"0f{ pknAwL xfFl;n ug{df cfof]usf k|of;x¿ s]lGb|t x'g'kg]]{df hf]8 lbg'eof] .

To; cj;/df k/fdz{bftf hf]g kfr]n] cfof]un] y'k}| afwf–Jojwfg ;x]/ klg g]kfndf dfgj clwsf/ ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{gdf pNn]vgLo e"ldsf v]n]sf] ljrf/ /fVb} cfof]usf] k|z+;f ug'{eof] .

pxfFn] cfk"mn] cfof]usf] lxtsf nflu ;do–;dodf ;'emfj lbPsf] rrf{ ub}{ cfof]usf] 5lj c¿ pHofnf] agfpg k|fKt ;'emfjx¿sf] cIf/zM kfngf x'g' cfjZos ePsf] ljrf/ JoQm ug'{eof] .

df3 !$ ut]b]lv tLg lbg;Dd rn]sf] ;dLIff a}7s cfof]usf s]Gb|Lo sfof{nosf dxfzfvf k|d'v, If]qLo Pjd\ pkIf]qLo sfof{nosf k|d'vx¿n] k|ult ljj/0f k]z ug'[{ePsf] lyof] .

a}7sdf cfly{s jif{ @)^(÷)&) sf] afFsL /x]sf] 5 dlxgfsf nflu gLlt tyf sfo{qmd to ul/Psf] lyof] . To; cj;/df cfof]usf ;an Pjd\ b'a{n kIfx¿sf] klxrfg tyf ;dLIff u/L efjL /0fgLlt;d]t tof/ kfl/Psf] lyof] .

dfgjclwsf/kq df3 k[i7 7

afnGofo sfo{ljlwaf/] k/fdz{ a}7s

dgf];fdflhs / dgfj}1flgs 9ª\udf sfo{ljlw sfof{Gjog x'g'kg]{afFs]sf afnclwsf/sdL{, sfg'g–Joj;foL Pjd\ ;/f]sf/jfnf JolQmx¿n] sfg'gL ljjfbdf k/]sf afnaflnsfx¿;Fu afnGofo sfo{ljlwdf plNnlvt k|fjwfgcg';f/ dgf]j}1flgs / dgf];fdflhs cj:yfnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ dfgjf]lrt Jojxf/ ug'{kg]{ wf/0ff cl3 ;fg'{ePsf] 5 .

afnGofo sfo{ljlw sfof{Gjogsf ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf ;d:of / ;Defjgfaf/] /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u If]qLo sfof{no -g]kfnu~h_ / P8ef]s];L kmf]/d g]kfnåf/f g]kfnu~hdf cfof]lht k/fdz{ a}7sdf pxfFx¿n] pQm wf/0ff cl3 ;fg'{ePsf] xf] .

To; cj;/df k|d'v cltlysf] cf;gaf6 af]Nb} k'g/fj]bg cbfnt -g]kfnu~h_ sf d'Vo GofofwLz s]zjk|;fb d}gfnLn] afnGofo If]qsf ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox¿ lhDd]jf/ / ;Dj]bgzLn eO{ sfg'gsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog u/]/ unt Jojxf/df kFm;]sf afnaflnsfx¿sf] cfr/0f ;'wfg]{ df}sf ldNg] atfpg'eof] .

sfo{kq k:t't ub}{] lhNnf cbfnt -afFs]_ sf GofofwLz z]v/k|;fb kf}8]nn] afnGofo sfo{ljlwdf ePsf k|fjwfg sfof{Gjogdf /x]sf ;d:of / ;dfwfgsf af/]df k|sfz kfg'{ePsf] lyof] .

cWoIfsf] cfzgaf6 af]Nb} /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf If]qLo lgb]{zs d'/f/L v/]nn] afnGofo sfo{ljlwdf ePsf k|fjwfgx¿ sfof{Gjog ug{ ;|f]t / ;fwgeGbf klg ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] afnaflnsfk|ltsf] lgot / b[li6sf]0f dxTjk"0f{ ePsf]n] ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] ;LldttfnfO{ b]vfP/ /fHosf lgsfox¿ bfloTjaf6 kl~5g gx'g] s'/fdf hf]8 lbg'eof] .

P8ef]s];L kmf]/d g]kfnsf If]qLo ;+of]hs j;Gt uf}tdn] Zff/Ll/s Pjd\ dfgl;s

ljsf;sf] clt ;Dj]bgzLn r/0fdf /x]sf afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ xTs8L nufO{ ao:s cleo'Qm;Fu} /fVbf pgLx¿sf] dgl:yltdf gs/fTds k|efj kg]{ ePsf]n] o;k|lt ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿ uDeL/ x'g'kg]{df cfjZostf cf}+Nofpg'eof] .

pxfFn] cfˆgf] ;+:yfn] ljut Ps jif{df k|x/L lx/f;tdf u/]sf] cg'udgaf6 k|fKt tYofÍ k|:t't ub}{ Ps jif{sf] cjlwdf k|x/L lx/f;tdf hDdf %( hgf afnaflnsfx? e]l6Psf] / tLdWo] @* hgfdfly oftgf tyf cdfgjLo Jojxf/ ePsf] hfgsf/L ldn]sf] atfpg'eof] .

;f] cj;/dfdf af]Nb} afFs]sf k|d'v lhNNff clwsf/L 9'08L/fh kf]v/]nn] sfg'gdf ePsf k|fjwfgx¿sf] sfof{Gjogsf sfof{Gjogsf nflu ;/f]sf/jfnf kIfx¿aLr cfk;L ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ x'g'kg]{df hf]8 lbg'eof] .

lhNNff k|x/L sfof{no -afFs]_ sf k|x/L gfoj pk/LIfs ;"o{axfb'/ s];Ln] kl5NNff] ;dodf k|x/Lsf] Jojxf/df ;sf/fTds kl/jt{g cfPsf] atfpFb} afnGofo sfo{ljlwdf ePsf k|fjwfgx¿ k"0f{ sfof{Gjog ug{ ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] cefj afws ag]sf] atfpg'eof] .

k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf GofofwLz lzj/fh clwsf/L, afFs] lhNnf cbfntsf GofofwLz sljk|;fb Gof}kfg], jl/i7 clwjQmf ljho u'Ktf, k'g/fj]bg cbfnt af/ Pzf]l;P;g -g]kfnu~h_

sf cWoIf OZj/L k|;fb 1jfnL, lhNNff ;/sf/L jlsn sfof{no -afFs]_ sf lhNnf ;xGofoflwjQmf ofdaxfb'/ aflgofF, e]/L c~rn c:ktfnsf 8f=/fh]z d08n, afndhb'/ ;/f]sf/ s]Gb| -l;ljg_ sf If]qLo …l6d ln8/Ú dw' bjf8L, clwjQmf s[i0fnfn e§/fO{, afnclwsf/ clws[t dx]z g]kfnL nufotn] afnGofo sfo{ljlwdf /x]sf k|fjwfgx¿sf] sfof{Gjog ug{ ;DalGwt lgsfox¿aLr sfo{ut Pstf / k|lta4tf x'g'kg]{ vfFrf] cf}+Nofpg'ePsf] lyof] .

;f] cj;/df k'g/fj]bg cbfnt g]kfnu~hsf /lhi6«f/ w|'js'df/ zfx, lhNnf cbfnt af/ afFs]sf cWoIf ljZjhLt ltjf/L, af/ sfplG;nsf s]Gb|Lo kfif{b clwjQmf cAb'n clhh d';ndfg, lhNnf jg sfof{no -afFs]_ sf jg clws[t ;Dk}t ofbj nufot ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] pk:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .

sfg'gL ljjfbdf k/]sf afnaflnsfnfO{ kqmfp ubf{ k|x/Ln] cfˆgf] kl/ro lbg'kg]{, kqmfp ug'{k/]sf] sf/0f v'nfpg'kg]{, o;sf] hfgsf/L cleefjsnfO{ u/fpg'kg]{], k|x/Ln] kf]zfsdf kqmfp ug{ gx'g], xTs8L nufpg gkfOg], pd]/ k'u]sf y'g'jfx¿;Fu} lx/f;tdf /fVg gx'g], afn;'wf/ u[xdf /fv]/ d'2fsf] k'k{If ug'{kg]{, afn Ohnf;df d'2fsf] ;'g'jfO x'g'kg]{nufotsf k|fjwfgx¿ afnGofo sfo{ljlwdf 5g\ .

dfgjclwsf/kq df3 k[i7 8

s]Gb|Lo sfof{noxl/x/ejg, nlntk'/, g]kfn

kf]:6 aS; g+= (!*@, sf7df8f}+kmf]gM )!–%)!))!%, ofS;M (&&–!–%%$&(&#

Od]nM nhrc@nhrcnepal.org / j]a;fO6M www.nhrcnepal.orgIf]qLo sfof{nox¿

kqfrf/sf] nflu

;Dkfbs, dfgj clwsf/kq, /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u,

s]Gb|Lo sfof{no, nlntk'/

kf]:6 aS; g+= (!*@, sf7df8f}+, g]kfn

kmf]gM )!–%)!))!%, k\mofS;M ))(&&–!–%%$&(&#

Od]nM manav.adhikarpatra@nhrcnepal.org

k|fksM

/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u, xl/x/ejg, nlntk'/af6 k|sflzt, kf]:6 aS; g+= (!*@, sf7df8f}+, g]kfn, kmf]g M )!–%)!))!%, k\mofS;M )!–%%$&(# ;Dkfbs M odaxfb'/ b'/f

/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] xfnsf] x6nfOg gDa/ %)–!)–)))

k"jf{~rn If]qLo sfof{no, lj/f6gu/j/uf5L, lj/f6gu/kmf]gM )@!–$^!(#!, $^!)(#ofS;M (&&–@!–$^!!))Od]nM nhrcbrt@nhrcnepal.org

dWo–klZrdf~rn If]qLo sfof{no, g]kfnu~hzflGtgu/, g]kfnu~hkmf]gM )*!–%@^&)&, %@^&)*ofS;M (&&–*!–%@^&)^Od]nM nhrcnpj@nhrcnepal.org

dWodf~rn If]qLo sfof{no, hgsk'/hgsk'/wfd, wg'iffkmf]gM )$!–%@&*!!, %@&*!@ofS;M (&&–)$!–%@&@%)Od]nM nhrcjnk@nhrcnepal.org

klZrdf~rn If]qLo sfof{no, kf]v/fhglk|o dfu{, kf]v/fkmf]gM )^!–$^@*!!, $^#*@@ofS;M (&&–^!–$^%)$@Od]nM nhrcpkr@nhrcnepal.org

;'b"/–klZrdf~rn If]qLo sfof{no, wgu9LpQ/ a]x8L -/ftf]k'n_, wgu9Lkmf]gM )(!–%@%^@!, %@%^@@ofS;M (&&–(!–%@%^@#Od]nM nhrcdhn@nhrcnepal.orgpk–If]qLo sfof{nox¿h'Dnfahf/, h'Dnf, kmf]gM )*&–%@)@@@lbSt]n, vf]6fª, kmf]gM )#^–$@)@*$a'6jn, ¿kGb]xL, kmf]gM )&!–%$^(!!

x'=b=g+= @^÷)^^÷)^&

kqsf/ / dfgj clwsf/sdL{x¿sf] ;'/Iffaf/] k|wfgdGqLnfO{ kqfrf/

kqsf/ tyf dfgj clwsf/sdL{x¿dfly c;'/Iff a9]sf]df rf;f] k|s6 ub}{ /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]un] k|wfgdGqL 8f= afa'/fd e§/fO{ kqfrf/ u/]sf] 5 .

k|wfgdGqLaf6 kqsf/x¿sf] ;'/Iffaf/] k6s–k6s k|Tofe"lt JoQm ubf{ub}{ klg kl5Nnf] ;dodf kqsf/ tyf dfgj clwsf/sdL{x¿dfly c;'/Iff a9]sf] ;dfrf/ lg/Gt/h;f] cfO/x]sf] hgfpFb} pxfFx¿n] cfk"mx¿dfly c;'/Iff a9]sf] eGb} cfof]udf ph'/L;d]t btf{ ug'{ePsfn] o;af/] cfof]un] ljz]if rf;f] lng'kg]{ cj:yf cfPsf] s'/f kqdf plNnlvt 5 .

k|wfgdGqLnfO{ k7fOPsf] kqdf elgPsf] 5, …s]xL lbg cl3 b}n]vsf kqsf/x¿n] lhNnf 5f8\g', ;dfrf/ ;+sng ug]{ qmddf sfe|]sf kqsf/x¿ lkl6g', kqsf/nfO{ wDsLk"0f{ ;Gb]z k|jfx ug'{, cfk"mx¿dfly c;'/Iff a9]sf] eGb} dfgj clwsf/sf] If]qdf sfo{/t ;+:yfn] cfof]udf ph'/L btf{ ug'{, …l/kf]6{/;\ ljbfp6 af]8;{\Ú gfds cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yfn] g]kfn kqsf/x¿sf nflu c;'/lIft b]zsf] ¿kdf lrq0f ug'{h:tf b[i6fGtn] kqsf/ / dfgj clwsf/sdL{x¿ c;'/lIft 5g\ eGg] k'li6 u/]sf 5g\ .Ú

…dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL ljZjJofkL

3f]if0ffkq, !($*, gful/s tyf /fhgLlts clwsf/;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o cg'aGw, !(^^ Pjd\ g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# n] k|bfg u/]sf] df}lns xssf] pkef]u ubf{ o;k|sf/sf] cj:yf cfpgnfO{ nf]stflGqs kl/kf6Ldf lgtfGt czf]egLo cj:yf dfGg ;lsG5 .Ú kqdf plNnlvt 5 .

dfgj clwsf/sf] lau|Fbf] cj:yfnfO{ ;'wf/ gul/Pdf b]zdf c/fhstf k}mlng]tk{m Wofgfsif{0f u/fpFb}] dfgj clwsf/sf] ;du| cj:yf ;'wf/sf nflu cfjZos jftfj/0f tof/ kfg{ kqdf cfu|x ul/Psf] 5 .