Determination of G ood E nvironmental Status : Slovenian Experiences
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Transcript of Determination of G ood E nvironmental Status : Slovenian Experiences
Martina ORLANDO-BONACA, Lovrenc Lipej, Borut Mavrič, Janja Francé, Branko Čermelj, Alenka Malej, Valentina Turk, Patricija Mozetič, Andreja Ramšak,
Milijan Šiško, Tjaša Kogovšek, Tinkara Tinta, Boris Petelin, Oliver Bajt, Nives Kovač & Vlado Malačič
National Institute of Biology, Marine Biology Station, Fornace 41, SI-6330 Piran
e-mail: [email protected]
Determination of Good Environmental Status: Slovenian Experiences
D1 Biodiversity
Geno
v (2
011)
Škor
nik
(198
3, 1
985,
200
9, 2
011)
Laza
r et a
l. (2
003)
Seagrasses, Bottlenose dolphin, Loggerhead turtle,Marine birds, Noble pen shell, Mediterranean stony coral
Cymodocea nodosa
Criteria 1.1 -1.2: Species distribution & Population size
Turk
& &
Vuk
ovič
(199
8)
Lipej
et a
l. (2
000)
Fala
ce e
t al.,
in p
repa
ratio
n
Posidonia oceanica
Littoral rock ->Biocoenoses of the upper and of the lower mediolittoral rocksDecreasing habitat extention, as a consequenceof human-induced modifications of the coast
Criteria 1.4 – 1.6: Habitat distribution, extent & condition
Biocoenosis of the photophilic algae (AP) Stable extent
Biocoenosis of muddy detritic bottom – predominating biocoenosis
in the Northern Adriatic.Stable extent
Lipej et al. (2006)Orlando-Bonaca et al. (2011)
D1 Biodiversity
D4 Food websCriterion 4.3: Abundance/distribution of key trophic groups/species
Zooplankton biomass (dw mg/m3) in the Gulf of Trieste during 1991 – 2011. Red line = 90-percentile of values measured during the reference period (1971 – 1981). Wavelet anaysis of the occurrence of jellyfish.
The increasing presence of jellyfish in the last 10 years could not be
correlated with eutrophication, since there is an evident opposite trend in
the North Adriatic (Mozetič et al., 2012)
Kogo
všek
et a
l. (2
010)
D6 Seafloor integrity Criterion 6.2:
Condition of benthic community PO1
PO2
PO3
PO4
PO5
PO7
PO8 PO6
Iz4Iz3 Iz2
Iz1
Por1
Por2
Por3
PP3 PP4
PP1PP2
Iz5
Iz6
Se1
Se2Se3
DR3
DR4
An1
DR1
DR 2
KP1KP2
Bel1
RR1BS1
BS2
MZ1
MZ2BS3Str2
Str1
Str3
Str4
Pa 1Pa 2
PiO1
PiO2Fi1
Fi2
Ber1
MBP 1MBP 2
Legend: EEI246810Water BodiesUrban AreaSeaLandSaltworks
N
0 2 km
SI5VT3
SI5VT4
SI5VT5
SI5VT2
Orlando-Bonaca et al. (2008)
Benthic macroalgae
Cy10
Cy9
Cy8
Cy7
Cy6
Cy5
Cy4
Cy3
Cy2
Cy1
N
S
W E
0 4 km
Cymodocea nodosa
Orlando-Bonaca et al. (2011)SD_VT4_P7
SD_VT4_P1
SD_VT2_P5
SD_VT4_P4
SD_VT3_P1
SD_VT3_P3
SD_VT3_P4
SD_VT3_P2
SD_VT3_P7
SD_VT3_P5
SD_VT2_P1
SD_VT2_P2
SD_VT3_P6
SD_VT2_P3
SD_VT2_P4
SD_VT4_P6
SD_VT4_P5
SD_VT4_P3
SD_VT5_P5
SD_VT4_P9
SD_VT5_P3
SD_VT4_P2
SD_VT5_P7
SD_VT5_P6SD_VT5_P4
SD_VT5_P1
SD_VT4_P8
SD_VT5_P2
SD_VT5_P8
SD_MA
Mavrič et al. (2010)
Benthic invertebrates
Bursatella leachiiCodium fragile fragile
Crassostrea gigas
Terapon therapsMnemiopsis leidyi
•min. 17 species•no monitoring•poor data
D2 Non-indigenous speciesCriterion 2.1: Abundance and state
characterisation
Spatial relevance of indicators: TWO GROUPS1. near-shore belt:
macroalgae and seagrasses, nutrients
2. open waters: bottom oxygen, nutrients, phytoplankton indices (and water transparency)
D5 Eutrophication
Criteria5.1: Nutrients levels5.2: Direct effects of nutrient enrichment5.3: Indirect effects of nutrient enrichment
D7 Hydrographical conditions
Criteria 7.1 – 7.2: Spatial characterisation of permanent alterations & Impacts Only one area with permanent changes of larger dimensions -> the inner part of the Bay of Koper (~4 km2 water surface).
Construction of major hydrographic barriers in the Slovenian coastal area would likely cause only local changes.
Impacts on benthic habitats is not known
D8 Concentrations of contaminants Criteria 8.1 – 8.2: Concentration of contaminants & Effects Sea water – occasionally exceeded maximum allowed and annual average concentrations of TBT -> recent decreasing trend.
Sediments and tissues of mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) – decreasing trend of some hydrocarbons (PAH).
D9 Contaminants in fish and other seafood Criterion 9.1: Levels, number and frequency of contaminantsConcentrations of hydrocarbons (aliphatic and aromatic) and heavy metals (Cd, Hg) in some species of mussels, fish and shrimps are below the set thresholds.
2004 2006 2008 20100
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Koncentracija
Leto
PAH postaja 0024
PAHs in farmed mussels
Time
podatki
0.000
0.002
0.004
Time
sezona
-4e-04
2e-04
Time
trend
0.0004
0.0010
0.0016
Time
ostanek
-0.0015
0.0005
0.0020
2008 2010
čas
Shortcomings Data exist mainly for near-shore areas; Incomplete assessment for some relevant elements, due to lack of
long-term series; Non-existing evaluation of cross-border pressures and impacts; Lack of international cooperation for the GEnS determination and
for the establishment of Environmental Targets.
Actions Urgent need for experts meetings within the Sub-Region; Common assessment of the status of many relevant elements within
the Sub-Region (or at least within the North Adriatic); Development, application and testing of methodologies
establishment of monitoring programmes in 2014.
Possible projects Evaluation of the EnS of biological elements that have a wide area
of distribution; Common assessment of status and impacts of non-indigenous
species; Creation of observatory systems within the Sub-Region.
Thank you for your attention
Special thanks to:Institute for Water of the RS; Ministry of agriculture and environment of the RS; Agency for Environment of the RS; Morigenos; Sečovlje Salina Natural Park; EU FP7 project Perseus; Dr. Annalisa Falace; Dr. Sotiris Orfanidis; Nicola Bettoso; Dr. Bojan Lazar; Iztok Škornik; Valter Žiža