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![Page 1: DESAIN KERJA DAN PRODUKTIVITAS - rizkylrs.lecture.ub.ac.idrizkylrs.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2017/03/PKE-1.-Desain-Kerja-dan... · DESAIN KERJA ? ERGONOMI ? •Sejarah dimulai pada Perang](https://reader034.fdocument.pub/reader034/viewer/2022052300/5c81dbcf09d3f2b9438cf6c5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
P K E - T I P U B 2 0 1 5
DESAIN KERJA DAN PRODUKTIVITAS
![Page 2: DESAIN KERJA DAN PRODUKTIVITAS - rizkylrs.lecture.ub.ac.idrizkylrs.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2017/03/PKE-1.-Desain-Kerja-dan... · DESAIN KERJA ? ERGONOMI ? •Sejarah dimulai pada Perang](https://reader034.fdocument.pub/reader034/viewer/2022052300/5c81dbcf09d3f2b9438cf6c5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
MATERI PERKULIAHAN
• Dosen Pengampu : RLS dan SAM
Pertem
uan UTS
Pertemu
an UAS
1 Desain Kerja dan
Produktivitas 8 Konsep Dasar Ergonomi
2 Telaah Metode 9 Sistem Manusia Mesin
3 Studi Gerakan 10 Desain Stasiun Kerja
4 Peta Kerja 1 11 Antropometri
5 Peta Kerja 2 12 Beban dan Kelelahan Kerja
6 Studi Waktu 1 13 Lingkungan Fisik Kerja
7 Studi Waktu 2 14 Display
UTS UAS
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NILAI DAN PERATURAN
• Nilai akhir : SAM (35%), RLS (35%), praktikum (30%)
• Nilai RLS : Tugas 30%, Kuis 20%, UTS 50%
• 15 menit keterlambatan
• Semua HP dan sejenisnya mohon silent/non-aktif
• Silakan minum dan makan sewajarnya
• Kuis tidak akan diberitahukan sebelumnya
• Izin : sakit dan keluarga dengan surat
• Nilai UTS akan diinformasikan melalui blog
• Semua pertanyaan tentang nilai UTS dilayani 1 minggu setelah
tanggal pengumuman di blog
• Ketua kelas ?
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DESAIN KERJA ? ERGONOMI ?
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DESAIN KERJA ? ERGONOMI ?
![Page 6: DESAIN KERJA DAN PRODUKTIVITAS - rizkylrs.lecture.ub.ac.idrizkylrs.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2017/03/PKE-1.-Desain-Kerja-dan... · DESAIN KERJA ? ERGONOMI ? •Sejarah dimulai pada Perang](https://reader034.fdocument.pub/reader034/viewer/2022052300/5c81dbcf09d3f2b9438cf6c5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
DESAIN KERJA ? ERGONOMI ?
• Sejarah dimulai pada Perang Dunia II ketika pakar psikologi,
fisiologi, antropologi, dokter, insinyur mulai menggabungkan
teknologi dan ilmu manusia bersama.
• Ergonomi : studi tentang interaksi manusia dan mesin dan faktor
yang mempengaruhi interaksi (Bridger, 2003).
• Ergonom : dari kata Yunani ergon (kerja) dan nomos (hukum)
(Dul and Weerdmeester, 2008).
• Ergonomics ~ Human Factors/Ergonomics (HFE)
• Perancangan/desain kerja : studi prinsip dan teknik untuk
menghasilkan desain kerja terbaik (manusia, material, lingkungan)
efektif, efisien, produktif
![Page 7: DESAIN KERJA DAN PRODUKTIVITAS - rizkylrs.lecture.ub.ac.idrizkylrs.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2017/03/PKE-1.-Desain-Kerja-dan... · DESAIN KERJA ? ERGONOMI ? •Sejarah dimulai pada Perang](https://reader034.fdocument.pub/reader034/viewer/2022052300/5c81dbcf09d3f2b9438cf6c5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
DESAIN KERJA ? ERGONOMI ?
Tujuan utama ergonomi dan desain kerja : Untuk
mencapai produktivitas optimal, sekaligus memperhatikan
kesehatan dan keamanan kerja
Ergonomi merupakan
penyebab kecelakaan
kerja terbesar
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LINGKUP PERANCANGAN KERJA DAN ERGONOMI
LINGKUP
UTAMA
ERGONOMI
Interaksi antara
manusia, mesin,
dan lingkungan
LINGKUP
UMUM
ERGONOMI
Konsumen,
pengembangan
produk, dsb.
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DESAIN KERJA DAN LINGKUP ERGONOMI
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HUMAN, MACHINE, AND ENVIRONMENT
- Temperature and Climate
- Psychology and Workload
- Control System
- Display System
- Noise and Light
- Display and Tools Optimation
- Material Handling
- Energy Consumption
- Sit Position and Design Concept
- Workplace Design
- Anthropometry
- Work Design and Biomechanic
- Neural System and EMG
- Physiologycal System
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HUMAN, MACHINE, AND ENVIRONMENT
Interaction Evaluation
H > M : control actions by the
human on the machine
Anatomical : cycle time, posture
Physiological : work rate/work
load, fatigue
Psychological : mental workload
H > E : effects of the human on
the environment
Physical : working environment,
standards
M > H : feedback from the
machine
Anatomical : design
Physical : vibration, noise
Physiological : heat
Psychological : meet user
expectations
M > E : machines may alter
environment
Mainly by industrial/site
engineers and industrial
hygienists
E > H : the environment may
influence the human
Physical/physiological : noise,
temperature, lighting
E > M : the environment may
affect the machine
Industrial/site engineers,
maintenance, facilities
management
Anatomical : Posture analysis with
REBA
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HUMAN, MACHINE, AND ENVIRONMENT
Physiological : Body temperature
and Heart rate Interaction Evaluation
H > M : control actions by the
human on the machine
Anatomical : cycle time, posture
Physiological : work rate/work
load, fatigue
Psychological : mental workload
H > E : effects of the human on
the environment
Physical : working environment,
standards
M > H : feedback from the
machine
Anatomical : design
Physical : vibration, noise
Physiological : heat
Psychological : meet user
expectations
M > E : machines may alter
environment
Mainly by industrial/site
engineers and industrial
hygienists
E > H : the environment may
influence the human
Physical/physiological : noise,
temperature, lighting
E > M : the environment may
affect the machine
Industrial/site engineers,
maintenance, facilities
management
![Page 13: DESAIN KERJA DAN PRODUKTIVITAS - rizkylrs.lecture.ub.ac.idrizkylrs.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2017/03/PKE-1.-Desain-Kerja-dan... · DESAIN KERJA ? ERGONOMI ? •Sejarah dimulai pada Perang](https://reader034.fdocument.pub/reader034/viewer/2022052300/5c81dbcf09d3f2b9438cf6c5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
HUMAN, MACHINE, AND ENVIRONMENT
Physical : Environment
temperature, dust, oxygen Interaction Evaluation
H > M : control actions by the
human on the machine
Anatomical : cycle time, posture
Physiological : work rate/work
load, fatigue
Psychological : mental workload
H > E : effects of the human on
the environment
Physical : working environment,
standards
M > H : feedback from the
machine
Anatomical : design
Physical : vibration, noise
Physiological : heat
Psychological : meet user
expectations
M > E : machines may alter
environment
Mainly by industrial/site
engineers and industrial
hygienists
E > H : the environment may
influence the human
Physical/physiological : noise,
temperature, lighting
E > M : the environment may
affect the machine
Industrial/site engineers,
maintenance, facilities
management
![Page 14: DESAIN KERJA DAN PRODUKTIVITAS - rizkylrs.lecture.ub.ac.idrizkylrs.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2017/03/PKE-1.-Desain-Kerja-dan... · DESAIN KERJA ? ERGONOMI ? •Sejarah dimulai pada Perang](https://reader034.fdocument.pub/reader034/viewer/2022052300/5c81dbcf09d3f2b9438cf6c5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
HUMAN, MACHINE, AND ENVIRONMENT
Psychological : drowsiness, blink
rate
Site/industrial engineering
Interaction Evaluation
H > M : control actions by the
human on the machine
Anatomical : cycle time, posture
Physiological : work rate/work
load, fatigue
Psychological : mental workload
H > E : effects of the human on
the environment
Physical : working environment,
standards
M > H : feedback from the
machine
Anatomical : design
Physical : vibration, noise
Physiological : heat
Psychological : meet user
expectations
M > E : machines may alter
environment
Mainly by industrial/site
engineers and industrial
hygienists
E > H : the environment may
influence the human
Physical/physiological : noise,
temperature, lighting
E > M : the environment may
affect the machine
Industrial/site engineers,
maintenance, facilities
management
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WORK PRODUCTIVITY
• Effective ? Efficient ? Productive ?
• Example : An output standard for a worker to do a job is 250 units in
5 hours (50units/hour). Because of a method mistake, on day A the
worker could only finished 200 units in 5 hours. But on day B, the
worker was so determined that he could finished 250 units in 4
hours.
• Effectivity (units on day A) : 200/250 = 80% degree of
accomplishment (doing the right things)
• Efficiency (time on day B) : (5-4)/5 = 20% inputs usage to
produce standardized outputs (doing things right)
• Productivity (units/hour on day B) : 250/4 = 62.5 units/hour ratio
of outputs to inputs
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WORK PRODUCTIVITY
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FAKTOR MEMPENGARUHI PRODUKTIVITAS
• Technical factors : work method, work environment,
tools/machines, materials
• Human factors : ability, skill, motivation
• Management factors : wage, treatment, awards and punishment
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PRODUKTIVITAS DAN BIAYA
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WORK SPEED AND ERROR
1. Two factors as productivity
input :
- Amount/number of outputs
achieved
- Time needed to complete a
job/task
2. Productivity rate increase
must consider quality control
of the product.
Work speed and error are
generally correlated, considering
: age, experience, ability
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WHAT IS WORK DESIGN AND ERGONOMICS ?
• “The science of matching the job to the worker, and the product to the
user”
• “The scientific study of human work”
• “Fitting the task/job to the human”
Worker ? User/customer ?
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W O R K D E S I G N A N D E R G O N O M I C S
THANK YOU