Definition Sterilization: The freeing of an article from all living organisms including bacteria and...
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![Page 1: Definition Sterilization: The freeing of an article from all living organisms including bacteria and their spores. Disinfection: Removal of some types.](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022012922/56649e2c5503460f94b1bef8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
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DefinitionDefinition
Sterilization: The freeing of an article from all living organisms including bacteria and their spores.
Disinfection: Removal of some types of pathogenic organisms usually not including spores.
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Heatdry & moist
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Sterilization by heatSterilization by heatA. Dry heatA. Dry heat
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Hot air oven:◦Electrically heated◦Thermostat◦Fan
Holding time:◦160° C 2hs◦180° C 1h
Used for:◦Glass◦Metals◦Dry material in sealed
container: oil, powder
PrecautionsGlass: good quality, dryObject put while oven is
coldHolding time:
calculated?Oven left to cool
Sterilization by heatSterilization by heatA. Dry heatA. Dry heat
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Sterilization by heatSterilization by heatB. Moist heatB. Moist heat
1. Below 1001. Below 100°C°C
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Sterilization by heatSterilization by heatB. Moist heatB. Moist heat2. At 1002. At 100°C°C
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Sterilization by heatSterilization by heatB. Moist heatB. Moist heat2. At 1002. At 100°C°C
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Sterilization by heatSterilization by heat B. Moist heat B. Moist heat
2. At 1002. At 100°C°C
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Double walled metal cylinder
Lid: tightly fitted with clamps
Manometer: measure pr.Safety valve: exit of
excess heat when pr. Exceeds the required
Sterilization by heatSterilization by heat B. Moist heat B. Moist heat
3. Above 1003. Above 100°C°C (Autoclave) (Autoclave)
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Principle (Heating under pressure)
Water is boiling at normal atmospheric pr. At 100°C
When pr to 2 atmospheric pr. temp. of water boiling (steam pr.) is 121°C
Temp.: 121°C at 2 atmospheric pr. for 20 min
Sterilization by heatSterilization by heat B. Moist heat B. Moist heat
3. Above 1003. Above 100°C°C (Autoclave) (Autoclave)
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UsesSterilization of most
culture mediaSergical objects as:
dressings, towels, surgical instruments (scissors, clamps, arteries, retractors,…….)
Sterilization by heatSterilization by heat B. Moist heat B. Moist heat
3. Above 1003. Above 100°C°C (Autoclave) (Autoclave)
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Hospital autoclavesHospital autoclaves
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Wrapping of itemsWrapping of items
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Tap with chemical indicator used Tap with chemical indicator used to verify sterilization processto verify sterilization process
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Filtration
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Principle◦Removal of bacteria from fluids
by passing them through filters with pores so small that bacteria are arrested.
Sterilization by Sterilization by filtrationfiltration
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Sterilization by Sterilization by filtrationfiltrationUses
◦Preparation of soluble bacterial products as toxinstoxins.
◦Sterilization of liquids that would be damaged by heat as sera, antibiotics & vaccines.
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Efficiency of the filtration:
retain Serratia marcescens average pore diameter 0.75 µm or less.
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Seitz filters ◦Formed of asbestos with pore size 0.5-0.75µm.
◦Used for removing bacteria from serum and fluid culture media.
Sterilization by Sterilization by filtrationfiltrationTypesTypes
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Membrane filters◦e.g. cellulose acetate-Millipore filter.
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Disposable membrane filters Disposable membrane filters Left: a filter system designed for small volumes. Left: a filter system designed for small volumes. Right: a filter system designed for larger volumesRight: a filter system designed for larger volumes
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Earthenware candlesEarthenware candles
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Sintered filtersSintered filtersGlass filter
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HEPA filter (High-efficient-particle-Arresters) Air sterilization ◦ICUs ◦OR◦isolation rooms. ◦safety cabinet in
microbiology labs
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Irradiation
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a)-Ultraviolet radiation: ◦Mercury lamp.Mercury lamp.
Uses: ◦Operating theatre. ◦Inoculation chamber
for viruses. ◦Water. ◦Killing of vaccines.
Sterilization by Sterilization by IrradiationIrradiationTypesTypes
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Irradiation
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b)- Ionizing irradiation (gamma rays) : ◦ Cobalt 60Cobalt 60.
Uses:
◦ Sterilization of an article an article not stand the heat not stand the heat as rubber catheters, cat gut or plastic syringes.
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Low temperature sterilizationLow temperature sterilization
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