Dealing with floods in Cologne - Flood Management: Routine ... · Hochwasserschutzzentrale Köln...
Transcript of Dealing with floods in Cologne - Flood Management: Routine ... · Hochwasserschutzzentrale Köln...
Hochwasserschutzzentrale Köln
Dipl.-Geogr. Agnieszka Czypull
Willy-Brandt-Platz 2 / 50679 Köln
(Stadthaus Deutz)
+ 49 (0)221 – 221 23162
Dealing with floods in Cologne- Flood Management: Routine or (new) challenge?
Dealing with floods in Cologne
Dipl.-Geogr. Agnieszka Czypull StEB / HSZ 2
Outline
Part one: Some facts about the Rhine
Part two: Organisation and responsibility
Part three: Flood stages, forecast and warnings
Part four: Practical examples
Dealing with floods in Cologne
Dipl.-Geogr. Agnieszka Czypull StEB / HSZ 3
Part one: Some facts about the Rhine
Dealing with floods in Cologne
Dipl.-Geogr. Agnieszka Czypull StEB / HSZ 4
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CologneCatchment and discharge
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Map of
Germany
Dealing with floods in Cologne
Dipl.-Geogr. Agnieszka Czypull StEB / HSZ 5
» catchment: ca. 200,000 km²» length: 1,230 km » the Rhine passes 4 countries
(Switzerland, Austria, Germany and the Netherlands)
» the Rhine is a border river for Liechtenstein and France
» also impact from: Italia, Luxemburg and Belgium
» in Germany: 4 federal states
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Dealing with floods in Cologne
Dipl.-Geogr. Agnieszka Czypull StEB / HSZ 6
Facts for the Cologne river gauge (KP)
» 0.80 m low water / drought 2003» 3.21 m average water-level» 5.75 m first overflow» 6.20 m flood mark I» 8.30 m flood mark II» 10.63 m flood in 1993 » 10.69 m flood in 1995 + 1926
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Dealing with floods in Cologne
Dipl.-Geogr. Agnieszka Czypull StEB / HSZ 7
Return periods (1901-2011)
» 7.50 m KP 1» 8.00 m KP 2» 8.50 m KP 3» 9.00 m KP 4 - 5» 9.50 m KP 8 - 10» 10.00 m KP 15 – 20 » 10.70 m KP 40 – 50» 11.30 m KP 100» 11.90 m KP 200» 12.50 m KP 500
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Dealing with floods in Cologne
Dipl.-Geogr. Agnieszka Czypull StEB / HSZ 8
» 10.70 m (1995 flood) (old level: 10.00 m) Porz-Zündorf
» 11.30 m (100-years flood) areas in southern Cologne and the Altstadt (Old Town), but also Porz-Langel and Westhoven
» 11.90 m (200-years flood)areas in northern Cologne and right river bank
Protection levels
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Dealing with floods in Cologne
Dipl.-Geogr. Agnieszka Czypull StEB / HSZ 9
How does the danger look like?
» 9.50 m KP» 530 affected people in
unprotected area (blue marking)
» 6,300 people endangered in protected area (yellow/red marking)
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Dealing with floods in Cologne
Dipl.-Geogr. Agnieszka Czypull StEB / HSZ 10
» 10.70 m KP» 2,100 / 37,000
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Dealing with floods in Cologne
Dipl.-Geogr. Agnieszka Czypull StEB / HSZ 11
» 11.30 m KP» 2,300 / 76,000
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Dealing with floods in Cologne
Dipl.-Geogr. Agnieszka Czypull StEB / HSZ 12
» 11.90 m KP» 38,000 / 100,000
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Dealing with floods in Cologne
Dipl.-Geogr. Agnieszka Czypull StEB / HSZ 13
» 12.50 m KP» 205,000
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Dealing with floods in Cologne
Dipl.-Geogr. Agnieszka Czypull StEB / HSZ 14
Part two: Organisation and responsibility
Dealing with floods in Cologne
Dipl.-Geogr. Agnieszka Czypull StEB / HSZ 15
Who is responsible?
Cologne has entrusted the Cologne drainage and flood service company(StEB) with the responsibility for the flood protection, flood management and flood prevention
The Flood Protection Centre of Cologne (HSZ) is a department of the StEB
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Dealing with floods in Cologne
Dipl.-Geogr. Agnieszka Czypull StEB / HSZ 16
What are the resposibilities of the (HSZ)?
Fields of work of the HSZ» water-level forecast» enhancing the public awareness to floods» risk communication» flood prepardness» information centre for floods and
groundwater hazards» advancing the flood management» alert and operation schedule / coordination» schooling of the staff» national and international cooperation in
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In case of flood» flood forecast» representative in charge for the
entire flood stuff» warning of the public» coordination of the flood protection
measures» journalisation of the flood event
Dealing with floods in Cologne
Dipl.-Geogr. Agnieszka Czypull StEB / HSZ 17
> 7.00 m KP
Who does participate in case of flood?
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Dealing with floods in Cologne
Dipl.-Geogr. Agnieszka Czypull StEB / HSZ 18
» HSZ coordinates the entire flood measures
» but every organisation acts in own responsibility
» number and scope of the flood measures always depend on the water-level and the current situation
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Dealing with floods in Cologne
Dipl.-Geogr. Agnieszka Czypull StEB / HSZ 19
What else does the StEB do?
» wastewater disposal
» maintenance of surface water
» flood protection (structural + mobile flood protection, flood management and risk prevention)
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Cologne drainage and flood service company
Dealing with floods in Cologne
Dipl.-Geogr. Agnieszka Czypull StEB / HSZ 20
Part three: Flood stages, forecast and warnings
Dealing with floods in Cologne
Dipl.-Geogr. Agnieszka Czypull StEB / HSZ 21
Flood stages
» flood stage 1: ≥ 4.50 m KP• first overflows / first measures (sewere network)
» flood stage 2: ≥ 5.50 m KP• „small“ Flood Protection Centre (klHSZ) / flooded paths
and parking areas» flood stage 3: ≥ 6.50 m KP
• first housing areas are prone» flood stage 4: ≥ 7.00 m KP
• big risk of flooding in several city-districts / mobile elements / „big“ Flood Protection Centre (grHSZ)
» flood stage 5: > 10.70 m KP• major catastrophic event / fire brigade overtakes the control
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Dealing with floods in Cologne
Dipl.-Geogr. Agnieszka Czypull StEB / HSZ 22
Forecast
» water-level depends on meteorogical data (e.g. temperature)
» weather three days ahead» rainfalls have to come down
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Dealing with floods in Cologne
Dipl.-Geogr. Agnieszka Czypull StEB / HSZ 23
What does happen when the rain has occured?
» HSZ does not have any own forecast model (mathematical or physical)
» What do we do?
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Dealing with floods in Cologne
Dipl.-Geogr. Agnieszka Czypull StEB / HSZ 24
Monitoring and expert knowledge
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» offical forecasts for the water-levels of the Rhine: flood registration office RLP
Dealing with floods in Cologne
Dipl.-Geogr. Agnieszka Czypull StEB / HSZ 25
Monitoring and expert knowledge
» problem: water-levels often too low, too high, forecasts too late
» first measures in Cologne: 4.50 m KP
» telephone request of 24 gauges in certain intervalls
» aditionally: overview of gauges (internet)
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Dealing with floods in Cologne
Dipl.-Geogr. Agnieszka Czypull StEB / HSZ 26
Expert knowledge and empirical values
» from Maxau to Cologne: 48 hours / calculation of flow velocity
» influences of the tributaries (e.g. Mosel)
» other influences: e.g. ground conditions (waterlogged, frozen)
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Dealing with floods in Cologne
Dipl.-Geogr. Agnieszka Czypull StEB / HSZ 27
precisely estimation of the water-level for Cologne in order to warn the citizens and arrange the flood protection
measures (challenge: the right time, not too early but also not too late)
estimations for Cologne are based on personal experience and knowledge (estimations of the StEB/HSZ only and only for Cologne) !
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Dealing with floods in Cologne
Dipl.-Geogr. Agnieszka Czypull StEB / HSZ 28
Warnings
development of the Rhine (general)
water-level in Cologne at 6 am
tributaries
future prospect
measures (flood measures)
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» „flood messages“ send over Outlook
» all involved organisations and departments / persons
» aditionally: „Radio Köln“ local radio station to inform the population
measures are done in own responsibility
Dealing with floods in Cologne
Dipl.-Geogr. Agnieszka Czypull StEB / HSZ 29
Other ways of information
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» homepage (www.steb-koeln.de/hochwasser)
» telephone / answering machine (+49 (0)221 221 26161)
» newspapers» TV» citizens‘ groups
» several ways to inform
» own responsibility
Dealing with floods in Cologne
Dipl.-Geogr. Agnieszka Czypull StEB / HSZ 30
Interest in information
» citizens of Cologne (especially those, who are living near the river)
» several council departments » people who carry on
• infrastructue facilities• industries
» mainly: Cologne, but a lot of inquiries from the neighbour-cities
» too many phone-calls Citizens‘ Phone or even CallCentre of Cologne
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Dealing with floods in Cologne
Dipl.-Geogr. Agnieszka Czypull StEB / HSZ 31
Is there a need for further information?» in case of flood:
• other ways of information possible: e.g. SMS or flood-apps
• for Cologne the existing ways are enough
• should not be forgotten: cost-benefit factors
» in case of low water-levels:• regulary information of the population is needed • rising of awareness is the best way to prepair the people for floods• possibilities to inform the people: homepage, telephone (answering
machine), flood-exibitions, leaflets, guided tours, flood-information-performances
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Dealing with floods in Cologne
Dipl.-Geogr. Agnieszka Czypull StEB / HSZ 32
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Part four: Practical examples
Dealing with floods in Cologne
Dipl.-Geogr. Agnieszka Czypull StEB / HSZ 33
Flood exercises – What for?
» in order to guarantee a smooth process of all taken measures» to avoid errors / to illustrate weak points (planning or execution)
» to improve the flood management
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Dealing with floods in Cologne
Dipl.-Geogr. Agnieszka Czypull StEB / HSZ 34
Protection measures in case of flood (in Cologne)
» 3,000 measures in sewere network (underground flood protection measueres)
» building up and guarding of 10.5 km mobile flood walls
» 31 pumping stations» 500 traffic management measures» local protection measures
(e.g. window or door catches)
» closing of tunnels» building up of foot-bridges» ferry-boat services
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Dealing with floods in Cologne
Dipl.-Geogr. Agnieszka Czypull StEB / HSZ 35
Flood exercise – September 2009
» What has been done?» command post exercise
including all involved departments
» building up of mobile protection walls (3 km) with regard to a rising water-level
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Dealing with floods in Cologne
Dipl.-Geogr. Agnieszka Czypull StEB / HSZ 36
Screenplay - examples
» inflow of groundwater into a basement garage
» a ship drag oneself away from the Rheinauhafen (habour) and drift guideless on the Rhine
» a couple of guys try to steal parts of the mobile wall
reaction
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Dealing with floods in Cologne
Dipl.-Geogr. Agnieszka Czypull StEB / HSZ 37
Wasserstand m KP
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Wasserstand m KP
» Federal Insitute of Hydrography calculated a flood scenario
» the scenario started previously before the active exercise with a water-level of 4.50 m KP
» in the morning of the 11.9. the water-level crossed the 7.50 m KP mark» the maximum value of 11.25 m KP was reached on the 12.9. (100-year
flood)
The scenario –September 2009
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Dealing with floods in Cologne
» successful simulation of flood prevention by a fast rising water-level
» in many parts: goals have been reached» but also room for improvements
• mobile wall wasn‘t completely installed in the given time
• scenario was well known weeks before• logistical concept• more exercises and courses of instruction• more attention to operational safety• more security is necessary to avoid
demolition and vandalism• local information flow needs to be improved• a higher sensitisation of all authorities is necessary
Result of the exercise
Dipl.-Geogr. Agnieszka Czypull StEB / HSZ 38
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Dealing with floods in Cologne
Dipl.-Geogr. Agnieszka Czypull StEB / HSZ 39
Flood event in January 2011
1. peak8.91 m KP
2. peak8.71 m KP
» first „higher“ event after completion of new flood protection measures » reasons: rainfall and snow melting in the catchment of the Rhine» event: from 7th to 24th of January» „flood message“ just one day before rising of water-level = 16 cm/h
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Dealing with floods in Cologne
Dipl.-Geogr. Agnieszka Czypull StEB / HSZ 40
Done actions
» measures underground: 21 pumping stations, over 400 flood valves were activated
» 1.3 km of mobile protection walls (only 10 % of the total)
• mainly in the south and centre of Cologne
» ferry-boat service» flood brigdges (footbridges)
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Dealing with floods in Cologne
Citizens Phone / Citizens Advice Centremost phone calls on Sunday: 1,046
in total: 6,373 phone calls (from 6.-18.1.)
Dipl.-Geogr. Agnieszka Czypull StEB / HSZ 41
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Dealing with floods in Cologne
» How is the situation?» When does the water-level reach
the peak?» Is my house prone by ground-
water?» Where can I get sand-backs from?
FAQ
Dipl.-Geogr. Agnieszka Czypull
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Dealing with floods in Cologne
Visits on homepage
most visits on homepage on Sunday: 69,686
in total: 409,050 visits on homepage (from 6.-18.1.)
Dipl.-Geogr. Agnieszka Czypull StEB / HSZ 43
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Dealing with floods in Cologne
Employment of staff and costs
» 150 persons were constantly on duty» 250 persons at peak periods» about 542,000 € overall costs
• security patrols (guarding of mobile flood walls)
• manpower costs (logisticians, compensitions of outlay, eg. THW Federal Agency of Technical Relief)
Dipl.-Geogr. Agnieszka Czypull StEB / HSZ 44
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Dealing with floods in Cologne
Summary of flood event
» all taken protection measures were realized problem-free
» some communication problems» needed futher attention
• clearance programm• sandbags• reponsibility in taking measures against upcoming
groudwater
» the security patrols and the logisitics were most expensive solved (more or less)
Dipl.-Geogr. Agnieszka Czypull StEB / HSZ 45
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Dealing with floods in Cologne
Dipl.-Geogr. Agnieszka Czypull StEB / HSZ 46
Conclusion
Dealing with floods in Cologne
Flood Management: Routine or (new) challenge?
» Why routine?• plans of action are
prepared before the flood event (e.g. during the summer)
• in general methods of operating / ways of working are well known
• schoolings are hold before the flood season
» Why (new) challenge?• weather development is
often uncertain• personnel matters
(retirement, holiday, illness)
• new weak spots• new exit criteria
every flood event is different
Dipl.-Geogr. Agnieszka Czypull StEB / HSZ 47
Dealing with floods in Cologne
Thank you for your attention