n bo v mi trng Nh my xay xt v lau bng go Trang 20

M U

- Doanh Nghip T Nhn Phi Pht c S K Hoch & u T tnh Kin Giang chng nhn ng k doanh nghip s 1700307077 ngy 22 thng 12 nm 1993 v thay i ng k ln gn nht vo ngy 03 thng 12 nm 2010.- Trong bi cnh CNH & HH t nc u tin pht trin ngnh nng nghip, nht l pht trin lng thc. Tnh Kin Giang c nhng ch trng, chnh sch u tin, h tr nhm tng nng sut lao ng gp phn mang li i sng sung tc hn cho ngi lm nng nghip v pht trin kinh t ca tnh. Do , s ra i ca cc nh my xay xt la go cng nm trong quy hoch v ch trng chnh sch trong pht trin kinh t ca tnh thi im hin ti v tng li.- Nh my xay xt lau bng go Phi Pht i vo sn xut t khi c cp giy php hot ng v ng k cc tiu chun mi trng, tuy nhin qua tng giai on nh my nng cng sut hot ng v trang b thm cc loi my mc hin i phc v sn xut. Do , doanh nghip thc hin n mi trng n gin ng k cc tiu chun v mi trng vi cc c quan chc nng theo im a khon 1 iu 15 ca thng t 01/2012/TT-BTNMT.CHNG 1

M T TM TT CC C S V TNH HNH THC HIN CNG TC BO V MI TRNG QUA CA C S

1.1. Tn d nNh my xay xt v lau bng go1.2. Ch d nDoanh nghip t nhn Phi Phta ch lin h: S 493 + 495 quc l 80, p M Hng, x M Lm, huyn Hn t, tnh Kin Giang.Ngi i din: (ng) Phm Vn Ln

Chc v: Ch doanh nghip

Phng tin lin lc: 0983 998 995

1.3. V tr a l ca nh my- Hn t l huyn c din tch t nhin ln nht ca tnh Kin Giang, huyn l l th trn Hn t. Hn t l huyn th th ba ca tnh Kin Giang k t Bin gii Vit Nam - Campuchia (th t ln lt l th x H Tin, huyn Kin Lng, huyn Hn t). Pha Ty Nam gip vnh Thi Lan, pha Ty Bc gip huyn Kin Lng), pha ng Nam gip thnh ph Rch Gi, pha ng gip huyn Tn Hip, ng Bc gip huyn Thoi Sn (tnh An Giang). Trn a bn huyn c mt ngn ni cng tn l Hn t cao 260m.

- Hn t c din tch la ln nht tnh khong 60.000 ha. y l vng c tim nng pht trin mnh v du lch ln nng nghip. Ngun li thy, hi sn phong ph c tim nng pht trin ca vng. Hin ti, la vn l ch cht em li hiu qu cao.

- Kinh t huyn Hn t ang tng bc chuyn mnh v pht trin mnh, thu nhp bnh qun u ngi khong 1.100 USD/nm. Tuy thu nhp trung bnh kh cao nhng chnh lch giu ngho cn kh ln.

- a im thc hin d n ti S 493 + 495 quc l 80, p M Hng, x M Lm, huyn Hn t, tnh Kin Giang. D n nm dc theo tuyn ng thy Rch Gi H Tin v tuyn quc l 80 nn rt thun li cho hot ng vn chuyn v xut nhp hng ha nguyn liu. Khu vc thc hin d n cch cu S 3 khong 400m v hng Hn t, dn c ng c.

- D n c din tch l 579,55m2 c chia ra lm nhiu khu vc khc nhau. Din tch mi khu vc nh bng sau:Bng 1.1: Phn b din tch cc khu vc ti xng sn xut

STTHng mcDin tch (m2)

1Khu vc ch bin go407,85

2Khu vc nh gia nh101,20

3Khu vc cha tru 87,50

(Ngun: DNTN Phi Pht, 2012) - H thng giao thng: Giao thng khu vc tng i thun tin c ng b v ng thy. Quc l 80 l tuyn giao thng chnh phc v cho vic i li v pht trin kinh t ca khu vc. Ngoi ra, tn dng c li th knh Rch Gi H Tin nn vic nhp nguyn liu v vn chuyn sn phm rt thun li.- H thng in quc gia: ph 100% khu vc, ngun in c truyn ti in n h gia nh phc v cho mc ch sinh hot. Nc phc v sinh hot ch yu l nc ging khoan c x l s b.- c im vn ho x hi: y l khu vc mi quy hoch thnh khu dn c, xung quanh khng c cc cng trnh tn gio, vn ha, di tch lch s Sinh sng ti Hn t c ba dn tc l Kinh, Khmer, Hoa.

Hnh 1: S vi tr d n1.4. Quy m, cng sut, thi gian hot ng ca nh my

Quy m sn xut ca doanh nghip khong 300 400 tn go thnh phm/nm. Ngun nguyn liu c mua t ngi dn trng la xung quanh hoc mua t ngi bn hng so. Phng tin vn chuyn ch yu bng ghe.

Bng 1.2: T l nguyn liu, thnh phm trong xay xtSTTSn phmT l (%)Sn lng (tn/nm)

INguyn liu (la)100400

IICc sn phm97,25389

01Go lt76,25305

02Cm to14

03Ph phm (tru)2080

IIIHao ht2,7511

(Ngun: DNTN Phi Pht, 2012)1.5. Cng ngh sn xut ca nh mya. Quy trnh xay xt

- Ty theo nhu cu v yu cu ca khch hng v s lng m thi gian gia cng di hay ngn. Quy trnh sn xut nh sau:

Hnh 2: Qui trnh xay xt ca nh myM t qui trnh sn xut:Nguyn liu cung cp cho dy chuyn xay xt l la. Trong nguyn liu la c cha nhiu tp cht, tch cc tp cht ln trong la, nguyn liu c a qua cng on sn tch tp cht. Ti y, cc tp cht nh si, t, , c loi b cha vo bao. La sau khi tch tp cht c a qua ci lc, nh vo ma st, tc vng quay ca ci to thnh lc ly tm tch v la ra khi ht. Tru sau khi tch c ci thu v kho cha tru, la tip tc qua cng on tch cm ti sng tch cm, cm c gi li ti y. Sau , go qua cng on ht rt thu hi cc v tru cn ln trong go. Tip theo , go ln lt qua cc cng on nh sng o, gng sc, gng tch thc tch cc thc cha c bc v ti ci lc, v thu hi ngc v ci lc tip tc qui trnh. Sn phm ca qui trnh l go lc nguyn liu c cha vo bao v lu kho. b. Quy trnh lau bng

Hnh 3: Qui trnh lau bng go ca nh myThuyt minh quy trnh:Go x c tch tp cht theo kch thc. Sau , nguyn liu c a qua sng tch thc, ti y thc ln trong go s c tch ra ng ring ri c a vo cc my lau bng. Ti y, qu trnh lau bng go c a qua cc my lau bng theo dy chuyn khp kn. Go sau khi lau bng tip tc chuyn qua giai on tch, phn loi s b loi b cm v tm. Sau , sn phm c tch ht theo c loi ca sn phm v pha trn theo yu cu ca khch hng. Khi sn phm c pha trn ng yu cu c ng bao thnh phm lu kho.

Bng 1.3: T l nguyn liu, thnh phm trong lau bngSTTSn phmT l (%)Sn lng (tn/nm)

INguyn liu (Go lt)100389

IICc sn phm98,7384

1Go TP XK66,05257

2Tm 1/216,865,4

3Tm 3/42,610,1

4Cm kh8,533

5Cm t3,7514,6

6Go ln thc1,03,9

IIIHao ht1,35

(Ngun: DNTN Phi Pht, 2012)1.6. My mc, thit b

Hot ng sn xut ca xng sn xut s dng cc thit b cng ngh thun tin trong sn xut. Cc thit b sn xut ca nh my bao gm:

Bng 1.4: Thit b my mc s dngTTTn my mc, thit bc tnh, xut xS lngTnh trng

ADy chuyn xay xt3tn/h - VN180%

1My bc v tru Ci Rul 3000- VN280%

2My tch thc

- Sng o

- Gng sc

- Sng tch thc

- Thit b ht biVN

180%

3Sng tp cht VN180%

4Sng cm

Thit b ht cm

Vt ti cm

Gu ti cm

Cyclon thu cmVN180%

5B ht rtVN180%

6B iVN180%

BDy chuyn lau bng 180%

1My tch thc

- Sng o

- Gng sc

- Sng tch thc

- Thit b ht biVN180%

2My xt trng VN280%

3My sy VN180%

4Sng tp cht VN180%

5Gng thc VN180%

6Ci xt trng Qut ci xt VN280%

7My lau bngQut ht lau bng VN180%

8Sng o VN0180%

9Trng chnVN0180%

10B i cc loi VN1780%

CThit b khc80%

1Thng cha nguyn liu, thnh phm VN80%

2H thng bng ti nhp nguyn liu, xut sn phm, cn phu, chuyn thnh phm trong khoVN0180%

3Xe ti3,5 tn1-

(Ngun: DNTN Phi Pht, 2012)1.7. Nguyn liu, nhin liu, vt liu

a. Nhu cu nguyn liu

La c thu mua t ngi dn trng la xung quanh doanh nghip (bn sng) v t ngi bn hng so... S lng xay xt khong 400 - 500 tn la/nm.

b. Nhu cu nhin liu

Nhin liu s dng ch yu l du DO cho xe ti ca doanh nghip mua bn v vn chuyn hng ha, mi thng khong 40 lt/thng.

c. Nhu cu cung cp in

Trong hot ng sn xut, in s dng cho cc my mc, chiu sng xng v sinh hot ca cng nhn.

Nhu cu in s dng khong 15.000 20.000 Kwh/thng.Ngun cung cp in: in li quc gia.

d. Nhu cu cung cp nc

Nc c s dng cho sinh hot ca gia nh v dy chuyn lau bng go.

Nhu cu cung cp nc khong 15m3/thng.

Ngun cung cp nc: Nc cp t nh my nc Hn t.

e. Nhu cu lao ng

Ti xng sn xut c khong 10 ngi, ch yu ngi dn a phng v v nh sau gi lm vic.

1.8. Tnh hnh thc hin cng tc bo v mi trng ca nh my trong thi gian qua

- Xy dng kho cha tru vi din tch 87,5m2 trong khu vc nh my khng tru trn xung knh Rch Gi H Tin v bn cho cc h c nhu cu.- Xy dng b t hoi ba ngn x l nc thi.- Trang b cc thng rc nh cha rc sinh hot trong khu vc nh my v hp ng vi i thu gom x l hng ngy.

- S dng nhin liu c hm lng S nh nht c th cho phng tin vn chuyn.

- Trang b y bo h lao ng cho cng nhn.

- Thng xuyn bo dng my mc hn ch h hng v ting n.

- Thng xuyn kim tra h thng in trong khu vc nh my.

- Cc loi tu ghe ch la neo u cn thn, hn ch ln chim dng knh.CHNG 2

M T CC NGUN CHT THI, CC VN MI TRNG KHNG LIN QUAN N CHT THI CA C S V BIN PHP QUN L/X L

2.1. Ngun cht thi rn thng thng

a. Cht thi sinh hot

Cng nhn lm vic ti xng khong 10 ngi, sinh hot ti nh tp th ca cng ty. Theo WHO, 1993 nu tnh cho 1 ngi thi 0,3 kg rc th s lng rc hng ngy m cc cng nhn thi ra l:

10 ngi x 0,3 kg/ngi/ngy = 3 kg/ngy.

b. Cht thi sn xut

Ph phm sn xut ch yu l tru, chim khong 20%. Nu x nghip khng thc hin cc bin php x l s nh hng n mi trng, nht l mi trng nc mt knh Rch Gi H Tin.Song song , cm l mt trong nhng ph phm trong qu trnh sn xut, ph phm ny tuy khng phi l sn phm ph thi nhng vi t trng ht ca loi ph phm ny rt nh nn d dng b gi bc bay to thnh bi gy nhim mi trng khng kh v mi trng lm vic, nh hng n sc kho cng nhn.

Trong qu trnh sn xut cn pht sinh lng rc thi nh cc bao bi nay chu yu la bao nylon, PP, PE la nhng cht liu rt chm phn huy sinh hoc dy nylon, cc ng dn, ph tng, chi tit my mc... Theo thc t lng bao bi hong nay chim t 0,1 - 0,5% tuy tng t bao. V vy, cn thu gom v lu gi, qun l ng quy nh. Bao bi ng nguyn liu va bao bi bi hong trong qua trinh ong goi thanh phm...

Rm ra, t, cat soi, ln vao trong lua, gao nguyn liu c thai ra t sang tap cht cua dy chuyn sng. Theo tai liu cua d an lng cht thai nay chim khoang 1 3 % tuy theo nguyn liu u vao.

* Bin php gim thiu:

- Thu gom ton b cht thi rn sinh hot pht sinh vo thng cha t ti nh my. Cht thi sinh hot ny c i thu gom rc ca huyn thu gom hng ngy, khng tn ng qua m.

- Lng ph phm t hot ng sn xut nh tru c cha trong kho bn cho cc n v c nhu cu.- Cm c thu gom bng cyclon bn cho khch hng c nhu cu.- Cc loi bao h hng khng s dng c thu gom vo thng cha v bn ph liu.2.2. Ngun cht thi lng

a. i vi nc thi sn xut

Do c th ngnh ngh, hot ng sn xut khng pht sinh nc thi. Ch s dng nc trong vic hn ch khu lau bng go, mi thng khong 5m3 nc v c bm vo bng bm nh lng nhng khng thi ra bn ngoi.

b. i vi nc thi sinh hot

- i ng cng nhn lm vic v qun l ti nh my khong 10 ngi v v nh khi ht gi lm vic. Nhu cu s dng nc phc v cho sinh hot nh mc trung bnh s dng khong 60lt/ngi/ngy ch s dng cho v sinh, tm ra. Do , lng nc c s dng cho v sinh ca cng nhn l:

60lt/ngi/ngy x 10ngi = 600lt/ngy = 0,6 m3/ngy

Lng nc thi sinh hot ti nh my (bng 80% lng nc cp) l:

0,6m3/ngy*80% = 0,48m3/ngy.

Theo ti liu nh gi v mt s quc gia ang pht trin ca T chc Y t Th gii (WHO, 1993), nh mc khi lng cc cht nhim (ch yu thi qua nc thi sinh hot nh qua nh v sinh, tm ra). Ti lng cc cht nhim t nc thi sinh hot c tnh ton nh sau:

Bng 2.1: Nng nhim nc thi sinh hotSTTCht nhimCh s hin din (mg/l)Nng (g/ngy)QCVN 14: 2008/BTNMT (Ct B)

1BOD522011050

2Cht rn l lng (TSS)350175100

3m amon502510

4Ln (PO43-)157,510

(Ngun: WHO, 1993)

Bng 2.2: Ti lng cht nhim t nc thi sinh hot

TTCht nhimnh mc (g/ng/ngy) theo WHOTng ti lng (g/ngy)

1BOD545 54450 540

2COD(=1,6 x BOD5)720 864

3TSS70 145700 1.450

4PO43-0,8 2,48 - 24

5N-NH4+2,4 4,824 48

6Du m10 30100 300

7Tng Nit6 1260 120

c trng ca nc thi sinh hot c nhiu cht l lng, nng cht hu c cao khi tch t lu ngy cc cht hu c ny s b phn hy gy mi hi, to nn hin tng bi lng v ph dng. So snh nng cc cht nhim chnh vi QCVN 14: 2008/BTNMT (gi tr C, ct B) cho thy nc thi sinh hot c nng ln vt mc cho php 1,5 ln, BOD5 vt 4,4 ln, TSS vt 3,5 ln v m vt 5 ln. Mc d tng ti lng cc cht nhim trn khng cao (do lu lng thp) nhng nc thi sinh hot cng cn phi c x l bng bin php ph hp.

c. i vi nc ma

Nc ma c quy c l nc sch v thot qua mi ca nh my nn c th x thng ra knh Rch Gi H Tin.

Theo nh gi nhanh ca t chc y t th gii th nng cc cht nhim trong nc ma trung bnh nh sau:

Bng 2.3: Nng cc cht nhim trong nc ma

STTCht nhimNng (mg/l)

1Tng nit0,5 1,5

2Phospho0,004 - 0,03

3COD10 20

4TSS10 20

(Ngun: WHO, 1993)

* Cc bin php gim thiu:

a. i vi nc thi sinh hot- Lu lng nc thi sinh hot ca cc cng nhn ti xng l 0,48m3/ngym. Do lu lng t nn nc thi sinh hot c a vo b t hoi 3 ngn x l trc khi thi vo ngun tip nhn.

- Hm t hoi c thit k ch yu cho ngi nh v cng nhn s dng vi lng nc nh . Theo ESIC, Bangkok, 1987 v Kalbermatten et al., 1980, vi lu lng trung bnh 1,68m3/ngy, h s an ton 1,2 th th tch ca hm s l 0,48*1,5*1,2 = 0,87m3, v vy nn xy dng b t hoi c th tch 3m3. Nc thi sinh hot sau khi qua hm t hoi ci tin trc khi thot vo h thng thot nc ca khu vc. Hiu qu x l ca b t hoi l gim 60 80% BOD, 70 85%SS.- B t hoi l cng trnh ng thi lm 2 chc nng: lng v phn hy cn lng. Cn lng c gi li trong b t 6 8 thng, di s nh hng ca cc vi sinh vt, cc cht hu c b phn gii, mt phn to thnh cc cht kh v mt phn to thnh cc cht v c ha tan, phn cn khng tan s c rt i. Nc thi lng trong b vi thi gian di m bo hiu sut lng cao.

Hnh 4: Kt cu b t hoi 3 ngn dng hnh khi ch nht

b. i vi nc ma chy trn.

Do khu vc cha nguyn, ph phm u c mi che nc ma khng th chy trn vo khu vc sn xut. Ton b nc ma c thot trc tip ra knh Rch Gi H Tin.2.3. Ngun cht thi kh

Ngun pht sinh

- Mi hi t khu vc v sinh v thng cha rc sinh hot.- Bi, khi v kh thi nh SO2, NOx, CO sinh ra t cc phng tin ca cng nhn v phng tin lu thng trn tuyn quc l 80 v knh Rch Gi H Tin. Ngoi ra, bi cn pht sinh do tru (ph phm sn xut).

- nhim mi trng khng kh do tc ng ca bi, ting n, nhit t hot ng ca my mc thit b trong nh my pht sinh.

- nhim nc ch yu l nc thi sinh hot ca cng nhn v khch hng.nh gi mc nhim do cc hot ng giao thng:

- Ti xng sn xut c khong 10 cng nhn, ch yu l ngi dn a phng. C mi ngi u c xe my i lm th s c khong 10 chic, cc phng tin trn s thi ra mi trng khng kh cc cht nhim nh CO, SO2, NO2.

- Theo nh gi nhanh ca t chc Y t th gii (WHO), 1993 c th c tnh ti lng nhim do hot ng ca cc xe my c a ra bng sau:

Bng 2.4: Ti lng nhim do hot ng ca cc loi xe gn my

STTCht nhimH s nhim (g/km)Ti lng nhim (kg/ngy)

1Bi0,120,0012

2SO20,76*S0,038

3NO20,30,003

4CO200,2

5THC30,04

Ghi ch: Tnh cho trng hp xe c ng c 4 th, >50cc v tnh cho chiu di ng t cng vo n nh tp th l 1km, hm lng lu hunh trong xng khng pha ch l 0,5%.Nh vy, theo bng 2.9 trn th tng lng kh thi do hot ng giao thng ca nh my khng ln. ng thi nh my nm cp knh Rch Gi H Tin, khng kh thong mt nn pha long ngun nhim ny.

- Hot ng ca xe ti ch vn chuyn nguyn liu cng gy ra lng kh thi nh hng n mi trng xung quanh. Ngoi ra, lng kh thi do tu ghe trn sng v xe trn ng b cng nh hng n khu vc dn c ni y.

S dng nhin liu t l du DO, nh mc khong 1,5lt/h (tng ng 1,2kg/h), thnh phn kh thi ch yu l bi than, dioxit lu hunh (SO2), oxit nit (NO), oxit cacbon (CO), nng kh thi cn ty thuc vo loi du v cht lng thit b. Cc tc nhn trn lm nhim mi trng khng kh. Theo s liu t WHO, h s nhim do t du DO (cho trng hp hm lng S l 1%) nh sau:Bng 2.5: H s nhim do t duSTTCht nhimH s nhim (kg/tn du)Ti lng

kg/hg/s

1Bi0,860,00080,0003

2SO220*S0,00020,0001

3NO211,480,010,003

4CO2,620,00250,0007

5THC0,970,0010,0003

(Ngun: WHO, 1993)Bng 2.6: nh hng ca cc kh thi1Kh axit (SOx, NOx) Gy nh hng n h h hp, phn tn vo mu.

SO2 c th nhim c qua da, lm gim d tr kim trong mu;

Gy ma axit nh hng n thm thc vt.

Tng cng qu trnh n mn kim loi, ph hy vt liu b tng v cc cng trnh nh ca.

nh hng xu n kh hu, h sinh thi v tng zon

2Oxit cacbon (CO) Gim kh nng vn chuyn oxy ca mu n cc t chc t bo do CO kt hp vi hemoglobin v chuyn ha thnh cacboxyhemoglobin.

3Kh cacbonic (CO2) Gy ri lon h hp phi.

Gy hiu ng nh knh.

4Tng hydrocarbon (THC) Gy nhim c cp tnh: Suy nhc, chng mt, nhc u, ri lon gic quan, c khi t vong.

5Cc kh gy mi (NH3, H2S, CH4...) Gy ng c cho con ngi nh chong vng, nn ma, ngt, au u v c th gy t vong.

Gy tc hi n ng vt, cy xanh, n mn st thp,

Gy mt m quan th.

nhim bi:

Ngoi kh thi, bi ngun gy nhim chnh trong loi hnh xay xt v ch bin go, t gy ra nhng tc ng nu nng bi vt qu quy chun cho php s nh hng sc khe ca con ngi, nh hng n hiu qu v nng sut lao ng ca cng nhn, gy ra cc bnh v h h hp, gim th lc, gy cc bnh ngoi da. Ngun gy nhim nhiu nht v ch yu l bi mn t cc cng on v qu trnh khc nhau trong dy chuyn sn xut. C th l:

+ X go ra khi cc bao cha vo phu tip nhn trc khi a ln my sng go.

+ go ra khi ng dn ln my sng rung h vi tc chuyn ng ca vt liu ri trong ng ng kh ln ( tc chuyn ng cao, s va chm gia cc vt liu vi nhau cng ln v mt phn cm s c tch ra khi b mt cc ht go v bay vo khng kh khi ra khi ming ng dn).

+ Sng go trn cc my sng rung h.

+ Chuyn go, cm gia cc thit b trung gian bng h thng dn cha m bo kn hon ton, nht l ti cc im chuyn tip t h thng dn n thit b tip nhn trung gian tng ng. Tuy nhin, mc pht sinh bi khu ny l khng ng k.

+ Tho cm (cm to v cm nhuyn) ra khi thit b v tip nhn bng cc thao tc th cng vi dng c cha l bao PP hoc vi b (pht sinh bi nhiu nht trong dy chuyn sn xut).

+ S lan ta bi vo khng kh ti khu vc phn xng v khu vc ngoi phn xng do tch t lu ngy di mt t v di tc ng ca gi.Ty thuc vo nng , mc bi v thi gian tip xc m mc nh hng n sc khe cng ng khc nhau.

Bng 2.7: nh hng ca biTTCht nhimCc nh hng

1Bi Bi c kch thc t 0,01 10m (bi bay) thng gy tn hi n c quan h hp.

Bi c kch thc ln hn 10m thng gy hi cho mt, gy nhim trng v d ng.

Bi gp phn chnh vo nhim do cc ht l lng v do cc sol kh, c tc dng hp th v khuch tn nh sng mt tri, lm gim trong sut ca kh quyn v do lm gim bt tm nhn.

* Cc bin php gim thiu:

- To khng kh thng thong v mi trng lm vic tt cho cng nhn.

- Trang b cho cng nhn cc thit b an ton bo h lao ng (khu trang, bao tay, giy,).

- V sinh khu vc nh xng hng ngy sau gi lm vic, thu gom cc ph phm cha vo kho hoc bn.

- Ti nc xung quanh khu vc nh my sn xut trong nhng ngy nng nng hn ch lng bi bc bay, thu gom tru vo bung cha v bn li cho ngi c nhu cu s dng.

- Kim tra nh k my mc, thit b v c k hoch thay th nhng chi tit hu hng hoc qu thi gian s dng.

2.4. Ngun cht thi nguy hi

Bn cnh cc cht thi rn sinh hot pht sinh th nh my cng nh k sa cha v bo tr cc thit b nn pht sinh cht cc cht thi rn nguy hi nh: gi lau du nht, bng n,... nhng s lng khng nhiu khong 1kg/thng. Tuy nhin, cc cht thi ny nu khng c x l s nh hng rt ln n mi trng xung quanh, c bit l mi trng t, nc.* Cc bin php gim thiu:

Gi lau dnh du m v nht c c thu gom v tn dng cho ln bo tr sau. Bng n h c thu gom vo thng ring, y kn, dn nhn v k hp ng x l ng quy nh.2.5. Ngun pht sinh ting n, rung nhim ting n:Hot ng sn xut ti nh my cng lm pht sinh ting n. Ting n pht sinh t khu vn chuyn nguyn liu v sn phm, t hot ng ca my mc nh: sng tp cht, ci lc, sng cm to, sng o, gng sc, gng tch thc i vi dy chuyn xay xt v sng tp cht, sng tch thc lt, my xt trng, trng chn i vi dy chuyn lau bng v t cc phng tin giao thng trn tuyn quc l 80 v ng thy. Tuy nhin, dy chuyn xay xt v lau bng c lp t trong nh kn c bao bc xung quanh nn mc nh hng ca ting n n mi trng xung quanh l khng ln.Ngoi ra, ting n cn pht sinh do cc phng tin giao thng lu thng trn ng v xe vn chuyn sn phm ng b.Bng 2.8: Mc n t cc phng tin giao thng

STTThit b, phng tinMc n (dBA)

1Xe 2 bnh 60 - 70

2Xe 4 ch, xe 7 ch 60 - 62

(Ngun: Nguyn Hi)Mi trng lm vic c n cao nh hng n sc khe v nng sut lao ng ca cng nhn. Ting n c cng cao kch thch mnh n h thn kinh trung ng, gy ri lon chc nng thn kinh. V vy, nu ngi lao ng lm vic trong mi trng c ting n thng xuyn s c cm gic gy kh chu, i khi dn n nhng hnh ng khng kim ch c. Ting n cn gy chng tim p nhanh, ri lon nhp tim, tng huyt p, c bit, nu lm vic trong mi trng c n cao, ngi lao ng d mc cc bnh v thnh gic v c nguy c b ic.Bng 2.9: Tc ng ca ting n cc mc n khc nhauMc n (dBA)Tc ng

0 - 70

100

110

120

130 135

140

145

150

160 - Ngng nghe thy

- Bt u lm bin i nhp tim

- Kch thch mnh mng nh

- Ngng chi tai

- Gy bnh thn kinh, nn ma v lm yu xc gic.

- au tai

- Gii hn m con ngi khng chu ni

- B thng mng tai nu chu ng lu

- Gy hu qu lu di

Ngoi ra, ting n cn gy ra cc chng au u, tai, chng mt, bun nn, ri lon thn kinh, tim mch v cc bnh v h thng tiu ha. Rung ng gy nn cc bnh v thn kinh, khp xng.

nhim nhit:

Bn cnh cc ngun nhim do vic hot ng ca cc thit b my mc trong dy chuyn xay xt v lau bng gy ra c cp nh trn. Cc my mc hot ng lin tc trong thi gian di v ma st trong qu trnh lau bng s lm pht sinh nhit t cc thit b my mc lm nhit mi trng trong khu vc sn xut tng ln 1 20C.Nhit cao ti ni lm vic nh hng rt ln n sc khe v cht lng cng vic ca cng nhn ti xng sn xut. Nhng biu hin v sc khe khi lm vic trong mi trng c nhit cao nh nhc u, bun nn, chng mt hoc gy cc cn kch thch no, con ngi d nng gin v khng kim ch c bn thn.

Ngoi ra, lm vic trong mi trng c nhit cao d gy nn nhng bin i v sinh l nh mt nhiu m hi km theo l cc loi mui khong K, Na, I, Fe... v lm c tim p mnh v gim chc nng thn kinh.

2.6. Hin trng mi trng khng kh ti nh my nh gi nh hng ca nh my ch bin go n mi trng xung quanh, nh my kt hp vi n v t vn kho st, thu mu phn tch cc ch tiu nhim khng kh. Cc im kho st nh sau:

Bng 2.10: V tr cc im thu mu khu vc d nTTK hiuTn v tr imTa

XY

1KK1Trong nh my sn xut--

2KK2Gip h dn gn nht05593851115620

Thu mu khng kh trong iu kin thi tit nng tt, nhit dao ng t 31 340C. Kt qu khng kh nh sau:Bng 2.11: Kt qu o c khng kh ti khu vc d n

STTCh tiu phn tchn vKt quQCVN 05:2009(g/m3)QCVN 19:2009(mg/m3)QCVN 26:2010

KK1KK2*

1Bi l lngg/m318576300*400-

2Ting ndBA86,264,2--70

Ghi ch:

QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT: Quy chun k thut quc gia v cht lng khng kh xung quanh.QCVN 19:2009/BTNMT: Quy chun k thut quc gia v kh thi cng nghip i vi bi v cht v c.QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT: Quy chun k thut quc gia v ting n.

Nhn xt:Kt qu o c cc ch tiu v khng kh cho thy:

- Hm lng bi l lng trong cc mu o u nm trong quy chun cho php. i vi khu vc sn xut (KK1) hm lng bi l 185 g/m3, thp hn rt nhiu so vi QCVN 19:2009/BTNMT (400 mg/m3). v tr thu mu gn nh dn (KK2) hm lng bi l 76 g/m3 nh hn nhiu so vi QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT kt qu o c mi trng khng kh bn trong v ngoi nh my u t cht lng theo quy chun quy nh do doanh nghip u t dy chuyn hin i, lp t cc cyclone thu cm v bi, xy tng kn hn ch ti a vic nh hng ra bn ngoi.- Ting n trong khu vc sn xut l kh cao (KK1 = 86,2 dBA) vt ngng cho php v ting n khu dn c QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT (70 dBA). Ting n ny khng qu ln nhng li din ra lin tc trong thi gian lm vic nn t nhiu nh hng n cng nhn. v tr h dn gn nh my nht nm pha di hng gi KK2 = 64,2 dBA th mc n nm trong ngng cho php ca QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT. Thc t kho st cho thy mc nh hng t cc ngun gy nhim n mi trng khng kh hin ti l khng ng k. Cht lng mi trng khng kh khu vc cn trong lnh, cha c du hiu b nhim.2.7. Cc vn mi trng, kinh t - x hi do nh my to ra khng lin quan n cht thi- Khi i vo hot ng nh my gii quyt c lng la rt ln ca b con khu vc xung quanh gip h yn tm tng gia sn xut lm giu cho gia nh v x hi.- Gii quyt c mt s lng lao ng nhn ri a phng, ng thi gp phn vo s pht trin kinh t x hi ca a phng.

- S xut hin ca d n lm cho khu vc tr nn ng c hn, c s thay i v i sng ca ngi dn xung quanh, xut hin nhiu nh my bun bn nh, xo trn v giao thng ng b v ng thy.

- Do d n nh khi i vo hot ng nh hng khng ng k n iu kin v kh hu a phng, khng lm thay i v mt sinh thi ti khu vc.CHNG 3

K HOCH QUN L MI TRNG HNG NM

3.1. K hoch qun l cht thi

Ngun pht sinh cht thiLoi cht thi v lu lngBin php qun l/x lKinh ph d kin (triu ng)Thi gian thc hinTrch nhim thc hin

(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)

Sinh hot ca cng nhnNc thi sinh hot

0,48m3/ngy.m- B t hoi 3 ngn-ang thc hin

Hn ch nhim

CTR sinh hot

4 kg/ngy- Hp ng vi i thu gom ca huyn-

Qu trnh sn xutCTR sn xut- Thu gom v bn hoc ti s dng-ang thc hinHn ch nhim

Gi lau dnh du nht

2 kg/thng- Thu gom v tn dng bo tr my mc-

Ting n, nhit dTo mi trng thng thong

Bo tr my mc nh k ---

Bi v kh thiTrang b bo h lao ng

Tt my khi ln xung hng---

3.4. K hoch quan trc mi trng

Ni dung quan trcV tr quan trcThng s quan trcTn s quan trcKinh ph d kin (triu ng)Quy chun so snh

(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)

Mi trng khng khTrong khu vc sn xutBi, ting n2 ln/nm-QCVN 05:2009QCVN 19:2009 QCVN 26:2010

Nh dn gn nht

Hnh 5: S v tr thu mu gim st mi trngKT LUN, KIN NGH V CAM KT

1. Kt lun

- Hot ng ch bin ca nh my lm pht sinh mt s cht thi nh hng n mi trng xung quanh. Tuy nhin, lng thi ny rt t v c thu gom v che chn cn thn nn phn no gim c tc ng.- Ph phm sn xut bao gm tru v bi cm c thu gom v s dng trit khng nh hng ra bn ngoi.

- Cc loi cht thi t sinh hot c thu gom v x l bng b t hoi v thng cha.

- C s u t dy chuyn cng ngh tin tin trong sn xut nn hn ch c ting n trong khu vc.2. Kin ngh

C s ch ng lm th tc v mi trng theo quy nh ca c quan qun l nh nc nhm hn ch nh hng n mi trng do nh my gy ra. Trong qu trnh sn xut, knh mong nhn c s h tr ca c quan ban ngnh gip chng ti thc hin tt cc quy nh v mi trng.3. Cam kt

Cam kt v vic thc hin cc bin php x l cht thi, gim thiu tc ng khc nu trong bn n; cam kt x l t cc tiu chun, quy chun hin hnh v mi trng; cam kt thc hin cc bin php bo v mi trng khc theo quy nh hin hnh ca php lut Vit Nam.

Ph lc 1: QUY CHUN K THUT QUC GIA (QCVN 05:2009)

V CHT LNG KHNG KH XUNG QUANHNational technical regulation on ambient air quality1. QUY NH CHUNG

1.1. Phm vi p dng

1.1.1. Quy chun ny quy nh gi tr gii hn cc thng s c bn, gm lu hunh ioxit (SO2), cacbon (CO), nit oxit (NOx), zn (O3), bi l lng, bi PM10 (bi 10m) v ch (Pb) trong khng kh xung quanh.

1.1.2. Quy chun ny p dng nh gi cht lng khng kh xung quanh v gim st tnh trng nhim khng kh.

1.1.3. Quy chun ny khng p dng nh gi cht lng khng kh trong phm vi nh my sn xut hoc khng kh trong nh.

2. QUY CHUN K THUT

Gi tr gii hn ca cc thng s c bn trong khng kh xung quanh c quy nh ti Bng 1

Bng 1: Gi tr gii hn cc thng s c bn trong khng kh xung quanh

n v: Microgam trn mt khi (g/m3)

TTThng sTrung bnh 1 giTrung bnh 3 giTrung bnh 24 giTrung bnh nm

1SO2350-12550

2CO30000100005000-

3NOx200-10040

4O318012080-

5Bi l lng (TSP)300-200140

6Bi 10 m (PM10)--15050

7Pb--1,50,5

Ghi ch: Du (-) l khng quy nh

Ph lc 2: QUY CHUN K THUT QUC GIA (QCVN 14:2008)

V NC THI SINH HOT

National technical regulation on domestic wastewater

1. QUY NH CHUNG

1.1. Phm vi iu chnh

Quy chun ny quy nh gi tr ti a cho php ca cc thng s nhim trong nc thi sinh hot khi thi ra mi trng.

Khng p dng quy chun ny i vi nc thi sinh hot thi vo h thng x l nc thi tp trung.

1.2. i tng p dng

Quy chun ny p dng i vi nh my cng cng, doanh tri lc lng v trang, nh my dch v, khu chung c v khu dn c, doanh nghip thi nc thi sinh hot ra mi trng.

2. QUY NH K THUT

Bng 1 Gi tr cc thng s nhim lm nh my tnh ton gi tr ti a cho php trong nc thi sinh hot

TTThng sn vGi tr C

AB

1pH-5 - 95 - 9

2BOD5 200Cmg/l3050

3Tng cht rn l lng (TSS)mg/l50100

4Tng cht rn ha tanmg/l5001000

5Sunfua (tnh theo H2S)1,04,0

6Amoni (tnh theo N)mg/l510

7Nitrat (NO3-) (tnh theo N)mg/l3050

8Du m ng, thc vtmg/l1020

9Tng cc cht hot ng b mtmg/l510

10Phosphat (PO43-) (tnh theo P)mg/l610

11Tng ColiformsMPN/100ml3.0005.000

Ph lc 3: QCVN 26:2010 - QUY CHUN K THUT QUC GIA V TING NNational Technical Regulation on Noise1. QUY NH CHUNG1.1. Phm vi iu chnhQuy chun ny quy nh gii hn ti a cc mc ting n ti cc khu vc c con ngi sinh sng, hot ng v lm vic.

Ting n trong quy chun ny l ting n do hot ng ca con ngi to ra, khng phn bit loi ngun gy n, v tr pht sinh ting n.

Quy chun ny khng p dng nh gi mc ting n bn trong cc nh my sn xut, xy dng, thng mi, dch v.

1.2. i tng p dng Quy chun ny p dng i vi cc t chc, c nhn cc hot ng gy ra ting n nh hng n cc khu vc c con ngi sinh sng, hot ng v lm vic trn lnh th Vit Nam.

1.3. Gii thch thut ng1.3.1. Khu vc c bit L nhng khu vc trong hng ro ca cc nh my y t, th vin, nh tr, trng hc, nh th, nh, cha v cc khu vc c quy nh c bit khc.

1.3.2. Khu vc thng thngGm: khu chung c, cc nh ring l nm cch bit hoc lin k, khch sn, nh ngh, c quan hnh chnh.

2. QUY NH K THUT 2.1. Cc ngun gy ra ting n do hot ng sn xut, xy dng, thng mi, dch v v sinh hot khng c vt qu gi tr quy nh ti Bng 1.

Bng 1 - Gii hn ti a cho php v ting n (theo mc m tng ng), dBA

TTKhu vcT 6 gi n 21 giT 21 gi n 6 gi

1Khu vc c bit 5545

2Khu vc thng thng 7055

Ph lc 4: QUY CHUN K THUT QUC GIA (QCVN 19:2009)

V KH THI CNG NGHIP I VI BI V CC CHT V C

National Technical Regulation on Industrial Emission of Inorganic Substances and Dusts

1. QUY NH CHUNG

1.1. Phm vi iu chnh

Quy chun ny quy nh nng ti a cho php ca bi v cc cht v c trong kh thi cng nghip khi pht thi vo mi trng khng kh.

1.2. i tng p dng

Quy chun ny p dng i vi t chc, c nhn lin quan n hot ng pht thi kh thi cng nghip c cha bi v cc cht v c vo mi trng khng kh. Kh thi ca mt s ngnh cng nghip v lnh vc hot ng c th c quy nh ring.

Bng 1 - Nng C ca bi v cc cht v c lm nh my tnh nng ti a cho php trong kh thi cng nghip

TTThng sNng C (mg/Nm3)

AB

1Bi tng 400200

2Bi cha silic5050

3Amoniac v cc hp cht amoni7650

4Antimon v hp cht, tnh theo Sb2010

5Asen v cc hp cht, tnh theo As2010

6Cadmi v hp cht, tnh theo Cd205

7Ch v hp cht, tnh theo Pb105

8Cacbon oxit, CO10001000

9Clo3210

10ng v hp cht, tnh theo Cu2010

11Km v hp cht, tnh theo Zn3030

12Axit clohydric, HCl20050

13Flo, HF, hoc cc hp cht v c ca Flo, tnh theo HF5020

14Hydro sunphua, H2S7,57,5

15Lu hunh ioxit, SO21500500

16Nit oxit, NOx (tnh theo NO2)1000850

17Nit oxit, NOx (nh my sn xut ha cht), tnh theo NO220001000

18Hi H2SO4 hoc SO3, tnh theo SO310050

19Hi HNO3 (cc ngun khc), tnh theo NO21000500

Trong :

- Ct A quy nh nng C ca bi v cc cht v c lm nh my tnh nng ti a cho php trong kh thi cng nghip i vi cc nh my sn xut, ch bin, kinh doanh, dch v cng nghip hot ng trc ngy 16 thng 01 nm 2007 vi thi gian p dng n ngy 31 thng 12 nm 2014;

- Ct B quy nh nng C ca bi v cc cht v c lm nh my tnh gi tr ti a cho php trong kh thi cng nghip i vi:

+ Cc nh my sn xut, ch bin, kinh doanh, dch v cng nghip hot ng k t ngy 16 thng 01 nm 2007;

+ Tt c cc nh my sn xut, ch bin, kinh doanh, dch v cng nghip vi thi gian p dng k t ngy 01 thng 01 nm 2015.

n v t vn: Trung tm ng dng v Chuyn giao Cng ngh

a ch: 320 Ng Quyn, P. Vnh Lc, Tp. Rch Gi, tnh Kin Giang.

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