Dave Nakamura ICCAIA/Boeing Member to ICAO OCP and RNP SORSG

Worldwide Symposium on Performance of the Air Navigation System, Montreal, 29 March 2007 1

Dave Nakamura

ICCAIA/Boeing Member to

ICAO OCP and RNP SORSG

Symposium on Performance of the Air Navigation System 2007

Industry Perspective -Implementation

March 29, 2007

Symposium on Performance of the Air Navigation System 2007

Industry Perspective -Implementation

March 29, 2007


• Implementation Challenges

• Measures of Success

• Leveraging Capability

• Global Interoperability

• Value/Benefits to Users, ATC/Airports

• Simpler Qualification and Approvals• Conclusions


Implementation ChallengesEffectively integrating aircraft and advanced air traffic management into Performance-based flight operations


Lockheed Electra

Boeing 727

2000 90Boeing 727

Today we are:

50% slower than the Electra73% slower with the same airplane

Washington D.C. (DCA) to New York (LGA)

1969

30 60 90

60

52

Scheduled flight time in minutes

Lockheed ElectraLockheed Electra

Boeing 727Boeing 727

2000 90Boeing 727Boeing 727

Today we are:

50% slower than the Electra73% slower with the same airplane

Washington D.C. (DCA) to New York (LGA)

1969

30 60 90

60

52

Scheduled flight time in minutes

Safety Needed

Traffic Growth

Delay in System

Lots of Technology

Advanced, Underutilized Capabilities

17, 630New Airplanes for

Growth


Replacement

8, 760Retained Fleet

27, 210

35, 970

10, 000

20, 000

30, 000

40, 000

17, 330

20050

2025


Growth


Replacement


27, 210

35, 970

10, 000

20, 000

30, 000

40, 000

17, 330

20050

2025

1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 2015Year

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

Improvement areas: Lessons learned Regulations Airplanes Flight operations Maintenance Air traffic management Infrastructure

Hull loss accidentsper year

Hull loss accident rate

Airplanes in service

11,060

23,100

1996 2015

Implementation ChallengesDelivering solutions now with an evolution path for advanced technology, capacity, efficiency and safety


Operational Requirements:Reduced separation & spacing, improved access, optimize airspace design & usage, operational flexibility, etc

Standards & Guidance:SARPS, PANS-Ops, PANS-ATM, DO-236, D0-283, EURO Nav Standard, AWO Manual, RNP Roadmap, etc

Aircraft & Infrastructure:ATS: Flt Plan Designators, Navaids,etcA/C: Equipage, capability

Application Development:Procedures, Specials, Trials, Ops Spec criteria, charts, ATS procedures, etc

Regulatory Criteria & Policy:US: AC’s, FAR, Notices, HBATs, Manuals, TERPS, etc. EU: ACJ’s, JAR, Procedure Manual, AIC, TGL, etc

Operational Concept:Trajectory based operations with RNAV, RNP, & VNAV for access, capacity, efficiency & safety

Operational Implementation:Ops Approvals, ATM Manuals, AIM, Charts, Op Manual & Specs, AFM, etc

1992

2007

15 YEARS !

Implementation Challenges

Need quicker, better, faster!

Timely flow to implementation


Measures of Success

• Leveraging capability

• Global interoperability

• Value and Benefits to Users, ATC/Airports leading to investment in upgrades and more advances in aircraft capabilities

• Simpler operation qualification and approvals e.g. like GPS RNAV today


Leveraging Capability

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

RTCASC-181NDB StandardsDO-200A

RTCASC-181MASPSDO-236

RTCASC-181Started

2004 2005

SC-181Data StandardsDO-201A

AC120-29AAug ‘02

InitialAlaskaRNP Ops

WestjetRNP OpsAuthorized

AC90-101Dec ‘05

2006 2007

4 US ARProcedures

33 US ARProcedures

25 US ARProcedures

Planned

US ARAuthorized(Estimate)

RNP Certified Airplanes are available

737 747-400767/757 717/MD90 MD11 MD10

QantasRNP OpsAuthorized

A330/A340

A320 777

A300/A310 A380



Growth


Replacement


27, 210

35, 970

10, 000

20, 000

30, 000

40, 000

17, 330

20050

2025


Growth


Replacement


27, 210

35, 970

10, 000

20, 000

30, 000

40, 000

17, 330

20050

2025

RNP Certified Airplanes are availableLeveraging Capability



Growth


Replacement


27, 210

35, 970

10, 000

20, 000

30, 000

40, 000

17, 330

20050

2025

RNP Aircraft

<700 Approved for RNP AR Operations, 7 Operators, 0 for RNP APP

Aircraft/Operator Authorizations are slow comingLeveraging Capability


AirlineAirline Aircraft Aircraft TypeType

Applied Applied SpecialSpecial

Approved Approved SpecialSpecial

Applied Applied PublicPublic

Approved Approved PublicPublic

Intent to Intent to ApplyApply

RNP RNP AircraftAircraft

AlaskaAlaska 737737 XX XX XX XX ~90~90

HorizonHorizon Q400Q400 XX XX ~22~22

ContinentalContinental 737737757757767767777777

XXXXXX

X (Quito X (Quito only)only)

XXXXXXXX

~255 ~255

totaltotal

JetBlueJetBlue A320A320 XX 100100

DeltaDelta 737737757757767767777777

XX XXXXXXXX

~140 ~140

totaltotal

QANQAN 737737 XX XX ~33~33

ANZANZ A320A320 XX XX ~12~12

WestJetWestJet 737737 XX XX 421421

< 700 approved for RNP AR operations, so far



10, 000

20, 000

30, 000

17, 330

20050

2025

RNP Aircraft

<700 Approved for RNP AR Operations, 7 Operators

4, 000

RNP Procedures~300 RNP Specials, ~60 RNP AR, No RNP APP yet

Few RNP procedures. So far, fewer actually being used



Global Interoperability

• ICAO RNP Special Operational Requirements Study Group coordination in the development of ICAO manual for Performance Based Navigation.

• Clarification of concepts, and guidance for implementation• Draft Manual expected 2nd or 3rd quarter 2007.

• Regulatory Guidance and Approvals• Differences exist today. PBN Manual must lead to

convergence across RNAV, RNP and enabling technologies

• Aircraft/Operator Approvals• Today, different regulators have differing demands on

airworthiness & manufacturer, and operator approval• Differences confusing to operators and manufacturers


Value/Benefits to Users, ATC/Airports

• RNAV Departures/Arrivals• Existing FMS and RNAV capabilities are resulting in operational

improvements & savings i.e. time/fuel, ATC workload, etc

• RNP AR and APP• Initial AR sites are seeing improved access (PSP, PDX, ZQN) as

well as time/fuel savings. Air Transport operators seeking to leverage certified RNP capabilities of their fleets. Other aircraft and rotorcraft are waiting in line. Many are in a learning state.

• Widespread adoption of RNP for approach requires a broader and easier solution e.g. criteria to convert RNAV(GNSS) to RNP

• Navigation Infrastructure Evolution• A consistent, safe, cost effective transition is necessary• Benefits must be wide-spread and identifiable


Simpler Qualification and Approvals

• Aircraft Operational Qualification – So far AR only• Achieved for 737, A320, Q400, but significant levels of post-

certification airworthiness analysis and data required. 757/767, 777, A330, etc in progress. Challenges include approvals consistent with their certification, and reexamination of aircraft.

• Potential complications from current criteria that appears to preclude use of electronic map for lateral deviation, implication of required deviation display and format, implication of overlapping system safety assumptions.

• Military, regional jets, rotorcraft, etc aircraft to consider

Operator Approvals – So far AR only• Applicant process and packages are extensive, and subject to

delays associated with a new review process. ANY CHANGE to software invalidates existing approval. Improvements needed.


Conclusions

• Performance Based Navigation is a journey • Current RNP SAAAR operations and criteria are not at the

level expected. It should be easier.• Issues being raised require attention and evolution in

processes, guidance material and a single set of regulatory criteria to effectively integrate new technology, RNP SAAAR, RNP, RNAV, and global operations. Early preparation and planning advised.

• The communication and approval processes need improvement. Need a breakthrough in implementation.

• Everybody needs to be involved. Resources are needed as we progress basic RNP, RNP APP, benefits, etc


Thank You to:

• Frank Alexander – Northwest Airlines• Kimberly Bell – Universal Avionics• Mike Cramer – Mitre• Didier Delibes – Airbus• Sarah Dalton – Alaska Airlines• Steve Fulton – Naverus• Dave Hathaway – Westjet Airlines• Ken Speir – Delta Airlines


Thank You

Dave Nakamura ICCAIA/Boeing Member to ICAO OCP and RNP SORSG

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