Danh Bao Cao Thực Tập

CHNG 1: GII THIU TNG QUAN V NH MY XI MNG LAFARGE

Bo co Thc tp Qu trnh v Thit b GVHD: Nguyn S Xun n

LI CM NThi gian 4 tun thc tp ti nh my Ha Cht Tn Bnh qu tht l c hi qu gi chng em c tip cn v hin thc ha nhng quy trnh cng ngh hin i cng nh cc kin thc c tip thu ti trng i hc. V may mn c c c hi ny, chng em mun gi li cm n chn thnh ca mnh n Thy C B mn My-Thit B, khoa K Thut Ha hc trng i hc Bch Khoa TP H Ch Minh v Ban lnh o Nh my ha cht Tn Bnh to nhng iu kin thun li nht chng em c th hon thnh tt t thc tp. V pha nh trng, chng em xin chn thnh cm n thy Nguyn S Xun n l ngi trc tip hng dn, gp chng em hon thnh tt bo co thc tp v cc vn lin quan n chuyn mn.V pha nh my,chng em xin chn thnh cm n anh Ln, anh Sn, anh Bin v anh Thanh l nhng ngi trc tip ch dn v gip chng em hiu r v cc thit b cng nh nhng hot ng lin quan n vic sn xut ca nh my.Cui cng, chng em xin knh gi n qu thy c, Ban lnh o, cc c ch, anh ch k s v ton th cng nhn nh my li chc sc khe v hnh phc.

Nhm sinh vin thc tp

Nhn xt ca n v thc tp

10. Nguyn Th Hu - 6100119411. Vn Ngc - 6100215312. on Thnh t - 6100060813. Aun Chhoeut - 6100417414. V Khc Minh - 6100198615. Trn Thanh Phong - 6100240916. Nguyn Minh Hng - 6100139117. Nguyn Hu ng - 610001. Hunh Cng Khang - 610014462. Chu T Bnh - 610002113. Nguyn Dng Thanh Tm - 610028484. H Duy Phng - 610025075. L Th Bch Khng - 610016026. Hunh Tuyt Phng - 610025147. Phm Th Hng - 610011798. 9. T Nguyn Bo Chu - 61000282Nhm sinh vin thc tp bao gm 12 sinh vin:

Thi gian thc tp: T ngy 01/07/2013 n ngy 26/07/2013Nhn xt:Tp. HCM, ngy ...... thng ....... nm 2013Cn b hng dnXc nhn ca nh my

Nhn xt ca gio vin hng dn

Tp. HCM, ngy ...... thng ....... nm 2012 Xc nhn ca gio vin

MC LCLI CM N1Nhn xt ca n v thc tp2MC LC4PHN 1: TNG QUAN7CHNG 1: LCH S HNH THNH V PHT TRIN NH MY HA CHT TN BNH71.1. Lch s hnh thnh v pht trin Nh My Ha Cht Tn Bnh71.1.1. Tn v a ch71.1.2. Lch s thnh lp v pht trin ca nh my Ho Cht Tn Bnh71.2. C cu t chc hnh chnh v s mt bng81.2.1. S c cu t chc Nh My Ho Cht Tn Bnh81.2.2. Chc nng ca cc phng ban91.2.3. S mt bng nh my10CHNG 2: SN PHM11CHNG 3: NI QUY AN TON LAO NG PHNG CHY CHA CHY133.1. An ton lao ng v phng chy cha chy133.2. Nguyn tc chung ca phng th nghim133.2.1. i vi ni lm vic143.2.2. i vi my mc143.2.3. i vi ngi lao ng143.2.4. i vi ha cht143.2.5. i vi cc cht c hi s dng trong sn xut153.3. X l ph thi v v sinh cng nghip16PHN 2: NGUYN LIU SN XUT QUY TRNH CNG NGH X L PH PHM17CHNG 1: NGUYN LIU171.1. Nguyn liu cho sn xut nhm hydroxyt171.1.1. Qung Bauxite Lm ng 47% Al2O3171.1.2. Xt181.1.3. Vi CaCO3 dng bt181.1.4. Cc nguyn liu ph khc191.2. Cc nng lng v tin nghi h tr sn xut191.2.1. in, than v than t191.2.2. Nc v hi nc191.3. X l cc sn phm khng ph hp, ph phm v km tra21CHNG 2: QUY TRNH CNG NGH SN XUT222.1. Phn xng sn xut nhm hydroxyt: S quy trnh nh sau222.2. Thuyt minh quy trnh222.2.1. Giai on nghin qung232.2.2. Giai on gia nhit ln 1242.2.3. Giai on kh silic242.2.4. Giai on gia nhit ln 2242.2.5. Giai on phn ng242.2.6. Giai on pha long252.2.7. Giai on lng252.2.8. Giai on lc Aluminat262.2.9. Giai on lm ngui dung dch Aluminat262.2.10. Giai on phn ly272.2.11. Giai on thnh phm272.2.12. Giai on ra b282.2.13. Qu trnh c c nc ci 3282.2.14. Giai on gia nhit hn hp xt292.2.15. Giai on to hi29PHN 3: CC THIT B TRONG PHN XNG NHM HYDROXIT V VN HNH H THNG31CHNG 1: CC THIT B TRONG PHN XNG311.1.Cu to v qu trnh lm vic ca mt s thit b chnh:311.1.1 Thit b nghin:311.1.2 Thit b gia nhit trc phn ng:311.1.3 Thit b phn ng:311.1.4.Thit b lng:321.1.5. Thit b lc Aluminat:321.1.6. Thit b trao i nhit tm:321.1.7. Thit b c c:331.1.8. Thit b kt tinh351.1.9. Thit b lc a:361.2 Bng c tnh k thut mt s thit b.36CHNG 2: QUY NH VN HNH PHN XNG382.1. Quy nh chung ca nh my:382.2. Quy nh ring tng b phn:382.2.1. B phn nghin:382.2.2. B phn c c:382.2.3. B phn phn ng:392.2.4. B phn kt tinh:392.2.5. B phn x b:402.2.6. Quy nh x bm x:40CHNG 3: KHC PHC S C V X L V SINH413.1. Cc s c v cch khc phc:413.1.1. Trng hp thit b y:413.1.2. S c cp in:413.1.3. S c do my nghin:413.1.4. S c v bm:413.1.5. S c v thit b gia nhit:413.1.6. S c v vi lc:423.1.7.S c v thit b c c423.2. Cch x l v sinh:42PHN 4: KT LUN44TI LIU THAM KHO46

PHN 1: TNG QUANCHNG 1: LCH S HNH THNH V PHT TRIN NH MY HA CHT TN BNH1.1. Lch s hnh thnh v pht trin Nh My Ha Cht Tn Bnh1.1.1. Tn v a ch Tn doanh nghip: Nh My Ho Cht Tn Bnh. Tn giao dch: Tn Bnh Chemical Factory. Tr s giao dch: 46/6 Phan Huy ch, P15, Q. Tn Bnh, TP.HCM.in thoi: 08.38153185 Fax : 08.38153936Email: [email protected] 1.1.2. Lch s thnh lp v pht trin ca nh my Ho Cht Tn BnhNhng nm gia thp nin 90 ca th k trc, nn kinh t Vit Nam bt u m ca v hi nhp cng nn kinh t th gii. Trong bi cnh , ngnh cng nghip ho cht Vit Nam bt u c nhng bc tin mi v Cng Ty Ho Cht C Bn Min Nam ra i gm nhiu chi nhnh, nh my Ho Cht Tn Bnh l mt trong nhng chi nhnh ca cng ty.Trc nm 1975 l doanh nghip t nhn do ngi Hoa lm ch. Hin nay nh my l doanh nghip nh nc, thnh vin ca cng ty Ho Cht C Bn Min Nam, trc thuc tng cng ty Ho Cht Min Nam, b Cng Nghip.Khi mi c thnh lp nh my sn xut: Acid sulfuric, phn n, acid sulfuric k thut, acid sulfuric tinh khit, phn nhm sulfat (17% Al2O3), phn nhm sulfat (15% Al2O3). Ngoi ra cn c sn phm khc: thiosulfat natri, phn thp, can nha, ....Do hn ch tc hi n mi trng nn cc phn xng sn xut trn c di di ti cc nh my ni b xa khu vc dn c, nn hin nay nh my ch sn xut nhm hydroxyt. Cc sn phm ca nh my gi vai tr quan trng i vi nn kinh t t nc, p ng nhu cu s dng ho cht v c, c bn trong cc ngnh cng nghip, tiu th cng nghip, cc mc tiu sn xut ch bin nh: Lc ty nc, giy, dt, nhum, phn bn, thu tinh, gm, s, . Cc sn phm trn u c cng nhn chng ch qun l cht lng.1.2. C cu t chc hnh chnh v s mt bng1.2.1. S c cu t chc Nh My Ho Cht Tn Bnh

S 1: S c cu t chc hnh chnh nh my1.2.2. Chc nng ca cc phng ban Chc nng, nhim v ca cc phng ban: Tng gim c: L ngi ng u nh my, c quyn ch ng iu hnh mi hot ng sn xut kinh doanh ca n v theo k hoch thng qua i hi on vin chc v c cng ty xt duyt. Xy dng, t chc thc hin k hoch sn xut kinh doanh, dch v ngn hn, di hn, c quyn b nhim, khen thng, k lut, k kt hp ng lao ng, quy nh mc lng cho cn b nhn vin. Ph tng gim c: L ngi chu trch nhim trong lnh vc kinh t, nghin cu th trng, iu k hoch sn xut v tiu th sn phm. Ngoi ra, cn chu trch nhim v lnh vc t chc nhn s, cng tc lao ng, tin lng, h tr cho gim c. Phng nhn s hnh chnh : Chu trch nhim v cng tc kinh t sn xut, phn b v cn i k hoch sn xut cho tng phn xng. Ngoi ra, cn chu trch nhim v lnh vc qun l nhn s, cng tc lao ng, tin lng, chm lo i sng cho cn b cng nhn vin. Phng vt t: C trch nhim cung ng vt t cho cc phn xng m bo ng tin sn xut, ng thi phn b v duy tr n nh ngun nguyn liu Phng k ton ti chnh : C chc nng theo di cng tc nghip v, cng tc k ton, hch ton, thc hin bo co tnh hnh s dng ngun vn vi tng gim c, kt hp cht ch vi phng t chc tin lng nhm ln nh mc, qun l chi ph sn xut v tin lng cho cng ty. Phng k thut: C trch nhim trong cng tc k thut cc phn xng, nghin cu ng dng khoa hc k thut ci tin v nng cao hiu qu sn xut. Tuy nhin, c th m bo cho cng tc sn xut tt th cc phng th nghim, k ton, bo v, cp dng cng ng gp phn khng t. Phng ho nghim: C trch nhim phn tch thnh phn cc mu trc khi a vo s dng c m bo ng thnh phn hay khng v kim tra cht lng sn phm trc khi xut ra th trng.Bo co Thc tp Qu trnh v Thit b GVHD: Nguyn S Xun n


Ha cht Tn BnhTrang 1


1.2.3. S mt bng nh my


S 2: S mt bng nh my Ha cht Tn BnhHa cht Tn BnhTrang 10

CHNG 2: SN PHM Sn phm chnh ca nh my: Nhm hydroxyt

Hnh 1.2.1: Sn phm nhm hydroxyt+ Yu cu cht lng sn phm:Bng 1.2.1: Yu cu cht lng sn phm

TnMu sc[Na2O]m

X.khu 10%trng hi pht hng 0.2% 10%

P.E 13%trng, hi pht hng 0.2% 13%

Dy enhng en xm> 0.2%> 15%

+ Thnh phn:Al2O3: 99% minSiO2: 0.2% maxFe2O2: 0.01% maxNa2O:0.2% max m: 13% max+ Al(OH)3 k thut :Al2O3: 63.5%Na2O: 0.2%m: 13%Fe2O3:0.03 0.06% Tnh cht:+ Al(OH)3 c mu trng, hi hng dng bt tinh th.+ Hu nh khng tan trong nc, tan c trong acid v kim v l hp cht lng tnh.+ Khi lng ring l 2.42g/cm2 ng dng:+ Trong nh my c dng lm mm phn ha cho sn xut nhm hydroxyt.+ Lm nguyn liu chnh sn xut cc loi phn n v phn kp n v ni b.+ Ngoi ra mt s nh my nh nh my in quang, Al(OH)3 c dng lm nguyn liu sn xut thy tinh (ch yu cung cp Al2O3), vt liu chu la.+ Aluminum hydroxide: c xut khu sang Thi Lan. Tn tr v bo qun:+ Al(OH)3 c cho vo 2 loi bao ty m, mi bao c trng lng tnh l 50kg, bo qun ni thong mt v c mi che.

Hnh 1.2.2: Kho bo qun Al(OH)3CHNG 3: NI QUY AN TON LAO NG PHNG CHY CHA CHY Cc sn phm v nguyn liu dng trong sn xut hu ht u c tnh c hi v d chy. Do vn lao ng phng chy cha chy rt c quan tm.3.1. An ton lao ng v phng chy cha chy C cc tiu lnh phng chy cha chy dn cc ni lm vic. mi phn xng v cc phng hnh chnh u c trang b cc bnh CO2, hng dn phng chy cha chy. Ton th cn b, cng nhn vin u c hng dn s dng thnh tho cc phng tin dp la, phng php cp cu khi c tai nn xy ra. Cc dng c phng chy cha chy phi c kim tra thng xuyn. ng giao thng trong nh my rng ri, thun tin cho xe ra vo.3.2. Nguyn tc chung ca phng th nghimNi quy ca phng th nghim: i vi cc dng c thit b in khi s dng m bo xi ng ngun (110v, 220v), tt khi khng dng v cp cu dao khi gp s c. Cc ha cht c, cht d bay hi phi lm trong t ht, khi un cc ha cht ny cng phi tin hnh trong t ht.

Hnh 1.2.3: Phng ha nghim ca nh my Khi s dng cc ha cht c phi s dng gng tay v khu trang. Khng dng ming ht pipet cc ha cht c, cc ha cht m c. Khi ly cc cht rn c phi dng tha khng s dng tay trn. i vi cc cht bt cn tin hnh ni khng c gi la hoc nhng ni khng c qut ngn nga s phn tn ca chng. Phi tun th nghim ngt cc k thut thao tc th nghim trnh mu b si tro, vng tung te hay pht nhit t ngt. Mi ha cht trong phng th nghim u phi c ghi tn v nng r rng trnh dng nhm gy phn ng ha hc khng lng trc. Cc ha cht d chy (nht l dung mi hu c) cn mt ni d di chuyn phng khi c ha hon. Cn nm vng mt s quy tc s cu kp thi trc khi chuyn qua b phn y t.3.2.1. i vi ni lm vic Bo m v khng gian, thong, sch, tiu chun cho php v mi hi, kh c hi, nng, m, n, rung, cc yu t c hi khc. Nguyn liu, sn phm, dng c phi xp gn gng ni lm vic, ni c cht nguy hi, phi c bng ch dn v an ton lao ng, phi t v tr d thy, d c. Cc nguyn liu, sn phm c hi c bo qun cn thn kho cha v thit b cha.3.2.2. i vi my mc Thng xuyn kim tra thit b. Kim tra tnh trng thit b trc khi khi ng. Kim tra nh k cc h thng dy in, dy tip t, cu giao, h thng che chn thit b. Khi my xy ra s c, phi c th bo tr hay cng nhn vn hnh sa cha. Phi t bin bo nguy him, cm ng in. Thao tc vn hnh my, x l s c phi tun theo quy tc vn hnh my, x l c quy nh v sa cha kp thi ngay khi gp s c.3.2.3. i vi ngi lao ng Phi c trang b cc phng tin bo h c nhn (qun, o, giy, m, bao tay khi lm vic, knh bo h khi lm vic vi cc cht c hi). Khng dng x beng quay van hay bm. Phi dng tay hay dng c chuyn dng. Lm vic trn cao phi c dy an ton. Khng dng tay vn chuyn cc cht c hi.3.2.4. i vi ha chtCc ha cht c hi nh NaOH ng trong thng st 500kg (nng NaOH 98%). Sn phm to thnh u c ng chai hay cho vo bao, c kim tra cn thn trc khi nhp kho hay phn xng.3.2.5. i vi cc cht c hi s dng trong sn xut Bin php an ton lm vic vi NaOH:+ Khi lm vic vi NaOH cn s dng y cc phng tin bo h c nhn (knh, qun o bo h, gng tay cao su, ng cao su).+ Phi ht sc ch bo v mt, c bit khi lm vic vi dung dch nng, c hoc khi p c cc tng NaOH rn. Bin php an ton lm vic vi H2SO4:+ Khi pha acid c vi nc ch c php rt t t acid vo nc ng thi phi khuy u. Tuyt i khng rt nc vo acid sunfuric c s lm mt phn acid trn b mt bn tung te gy nguy him.+ Khi lm vic vi acid sunfuric nht l khi pha ch, rt, vn chuyn phi mang ng cao su, gng tay cao su, mc qun o chu acid. Bin php an ton lm vic vi HCl:+ Axt clohiric m c to thnh cc sng m axt. C dng sng m v dung dch u c th n mn cc m con ngi, c kh nng gy tn thng c quan h hp, mt, da v rut. Hnh 1.3.1: Cht n mn+ Khi lm vic vi HCl cn s dng y cc phng tin bo h c nhn nh gng tay cao su, gng tay PVC, knh bo v mt, qun o v giy chng cht ha hc c s dng gim thiu nhng tc hi ca vic tip xc vi loi axt ny.3.3. X l ph thi v v sinh cng nghip Nh my lun quan tm n vn x l mi trng, c th l v sinh cng nghip, x l ph thi, nc thi. Cc ph thi, nc thi c x l m bo tiu chun Vit Nam trc khi thi ra mi trng. Tuy nhin do c th ca ngnh sn xut ha cht c bn v do iu kin cha cho php nn vic s l mi phn xng bt nhm cha t n mc trit . Phn xng sn xut nhm hydroxyt:+ B thi:Phn dung dch: 1 3g/l Al2O3.Phn rn: 18 22% Al2O3, 40 50% Fe2O3, 3% SiO2.B thi rn mu (hm lng st kh cao), c tnh kim. B c p kh ri em vn chuyn li ni khai thc v mt phn c lm bt mu trong xy dng.+ X l nc thi: Nc thi t phn xng nhm hydroxyt c gom vo b cha ri dn vo bn lng. Sau , qua thit b lc nc, nc sau x l tiu chun c thi ra ngoi mi trng.

PHN 2: NGUYN LIU SN XUT QUY TRNH CNG NGH X L PH PHM CHNG 1: NGUYN LIU 1.1. Nguyn liu cho sn xut nhm hydroxyt1.1.1. Qung Bauxite Lm ng 47% Al2O3Bauxite (hay Bxt) l mt loi qung nhm trm tch c mu hng, nu.... Thnh phn khong vt bao gm ch yu l cc khong vt ca nhm nh gibbsit Al(OH)3, boehmit -AlO(OH), v diaspore -AlO(OH), cng vi cc khong vt oxit st goethit v hematit, cc khong vt st kaonilite v i khi c mt c anata TiO2. Nhm hydroxyt l thnh phn chnh ca qung c mt cng vi st, silic... Thnh phn ha hc ch yu (quy ra oxit) l Al2O3 (40-60%), SiO2 (5-20%), Fe2O3 (20-25%). T Bauxite c th tch ra aluminat (Al2O3), nguyn liu chnh luyn nhm trong cc l in phn. Tn gi ca loi qung nhm ny c t theo tn gi lng Les Baux-de-Provence min nam Php, ti y n c nh a cht hc l Pierre Berthier pht hin ra ln u tin nm 1821.Tr lng Bauxite ca Vit Nam khong 2.4 t tn, tp trung ch yu ty nguyn (91.4%). Trong k Nng 1.44 t tn, Lm ng 0.463 t tn v Gia Lai, Kon Tum 0.285 t tn. Ngoi ra ti cc tnh pha Bc cng c mt s m qung Bauxite (Cao Bng, Lng Sn) nhng vi tr lng khng ng k.

Hnh 2.1.1: Khai thc Bauxite

Thnh phn ch yu:+ Al2O3: 47 52%+ SiO2: 5%+ Fe2O3: 18 22% Cc thng s khc:+ m: 12%+ Mu sc: Nu Kch thc: Dng ht to t 10cm tr ln. Trc khi a vo sn xut qung Bauxite c nghin n mt kch thc nht nh. Tn tr - Bo qun - Vn chuyn: Qung Bauxite sau khi khai thc t qung Bauxite Bo Lc, c vn chuyn bng cc xe ti n ng ngoi bi cha nhm tch m t nhin. Sau c a ln phu nh lng vn chuyn n my nghin bi. Kh nng thay th: Nc ta c mt tr lng qung Bauxite rt ln thuc hng u th gii. Hm lng Al2O3 trong qung kh ln so vi cc qung khc, nn khng cn thay th nguyn liu khc cho qung Bauxite.1.1.2. Xt Xt s dng l xt 32% (khong 320g/l ) vi nng sut 500 l/h C tc dng tch Al2O3 ra khi qung Bauxite, to thnh dung dch aluminat. Hin nay nh my mua xt t nh my ho cht Bin Ha. Ngoi ra, trong qu trnh sn xut, xt cn c ti s dng sau cc qu trnh c c, phn ly. Tn tr - Bo qun: Xt c c cha trong bn 1. Lng xt ny c b sung vo lng xt ti s dng c xt c nng cn thit em i phn ng. Kh nng thay th xt: C th dng KOH to mi trng baz, nhng xt l nguyn liu d iu ch, d sn xut. 1.1.3. Vi CaCO3 dng bt Nng sut nhp liu: 50 kg/h. Lm tng ha tch SiO2 trong qung Bauxite, cho vo qung vi hm lng rt thp (1 2%/qung nghin) trong qu trnh nghin. Kh nng thay th: C th thay th bng cc cht khc c kh nng ha tch qung Bauxite nhng do vi r tin, thng dng nn trong sn xut vn dng vi CaCO3. Trong qu trnh sn xut, s xut hin ca ion Ca2+ cng ngn cn s khong ho ca Al(OH)3. Do , lm tng hiu sut qu trnh sn xut.1.1.4. Cc nguyn liu ph khc Cht tr lng: Trc y nh my s dng cht tr lng l bt m vi nng sut 40 kg/h. Gn y tng hiu sut qu trnh lng, nh my s dng cht tr lng khc l HX600 vi nng sut nhp liu: 2.1Kg + 40Kg xt 32% + 1m3 nc / 1.5h. Nc ( qua x l): C nhim v ra b thu hi lng kim trc khi thi b ra ngoi mi trng, pha long huyn ph. ng thi cn s dng nc ngng t hi th sinh ra khu c c.1.2. Cc nng lng v tin nghi h tr sn xut1.2.1. in, than v than tL hai ngun cung cp nng lng cho s hot ng ca ton phn xng. in: c s dng lm in cng nghip, dng trong vic vn hnh hot ng ca my mc (chng hn nh: Quay mt ca my bm, qut, trc quay cnh khuy) ng thi dng cho h thng chiu sng. Than : c s dng cung cp cho l hi trong vic to hi qu nhit truyn nhit cho cc b phn cn cp nhit trong nh my. Than c cung cp bi Tp on Than Khong sn Vit Nam. Du t: bn cnh vic s dng than nh l ngun nhin liu chnh, nh my cn s dng du FO lm nhin liu trong cc trng hp than ht hoc mt in t xut.1.2.2. Nc v hi ncL ngun gii nhit v truyn nhit cho cc thit b trong nh my. Nc: c cung cp cho l hi bc hi v gia nhit thnh hi qu nhit. Do nhng yu cu k thut vi hi nc khng nh hng n thit b cng nh qu trnh vn hnh nn vic s dng ngun nc c kim sot rt cht ch v cht lung trnh c cn, nh hng n vic to hi. Hi nc: c ly t l hi v c th thu hi t cc b phn khc. Vic s dng nhit thu hi gip gim thiu v mt nng lng, mang li hiu qu kinh t v mi trng cho nh my.

Quy trnh sn xut hi:

Nc thy ccH thng x ly nc Thit bi trao i cationBn cha nc ni hiNi hiThit bi s dung ni hiNc ngngTch kh

1.3. X l cc sn phm khng ph hp, ph phm v km tra Nu sn phm khng t mt trong cc yu cu cht lng th:+ H cp sn phm: Khi m khng t c th chuyn t 10% XK thnh 13%, 13% XK thnh 13% PE, 13% PE thnh sn phm dy en.+ Khi sn phm 0.2% < [Na2O] < 0.3%, m 15% chuyn sang n v ni b nu phn.+ Khi sn phm c mu sc khng t, c nng kim > 0,3% hoc m 15% a tr li u dy chuyn v dng lm mm cho qu trnh kt tinh (cho vo bn trung gian)-Nh my xy dng h thng x l nc thi hon chnh, lp t thit b kim tra v iu chnh pH t ng trc khi thi nc ra knh tip nhn theo quy trnh sau:

Nc thi t xng sn xut thu gom v qua h thng mng hin c trong nh my,ti on mng pha cui nh my chun b ra knh Tham Lng,nc thi s vo b iu ha. y c trang b h thng thi kh xo trn,nc thi t y c bm qua thit b trn ng ng trn vi axit H2SO4 hoc NaOH do b iu chnh pH t ng iu khin.Sau nc thi trung ha v cc b lng(c b sung cht tr lng) tch cc cn v c trong nc.Lp nc trong c tch ra trn c bm qua thit b lc ct.Nc sau lc ct t tiu chun thi ra ngun tip nhn,c dn ra knh Tham Lng.Phn cn lng cc b lng s c ht nh k sang b cha bn. y,bn tip tc lng,lp nc tach ra trn s c tun hon v b lng 1,phn bn nh k bm ln xe i.Lng nc thi:cao nht 20m3/hNgun nc thi:t cc phn xng sn xut pH: 3.5-11Cht lng nc sau x l theo tiu chun thi B

+ BOD:50mg/l

+ COD:100mg/l

+ SS:100mg/lQuy trnh x l bn :

CHNG 2: QUY TRNH CNG NGH SN XUT

Nc raNguyn liuRyGia nhit 1 kh Silic (M)Gia nhit 2Phn ng (R)Pha long (D)Lng (T)LcLm nguiKt tinh (C)Sn phmPhn li (S)Lc TPHt lnVi btHt t chunDung dch hn hpGia nhit HX600Mm KTBn Ra b W1-W6p bKho cha bNNDD s 3Gia nhit C c (E)DD s 2Xt NLDD s 1DD s 4Nghin2.1. Phn xng sn xut nhm hydroxyt: S quy trnh nh sau

Nghin

` 2.2. Thuyt minh quy trnhQuy trnh vn hnh ca nh my l quy trnh lin tc, nhp liu lin tc v sn phm ra lin tc, quy tnh lun c t nht 2 h hot ng thay phin nhau m bo trng thi lin tc, bao gm cc giai on sau:2.2.1. Giai on nghin qung Qung t bi cha c cho vo phu nh lng (cha c ti a 30 tn) nh h thng vt ti xon a vo my nghin bi vi nng sut nghin khong 4.5 tn/gi (gi tr ny c th thay i ty thuc vo cng ca qung). Hat ng: Trc khi cho vo my nghin, qung c trn vi lng bt vi thch hp (50 kg/h), ng thi cho vo my nghin dung dch hn hp (6 7 m3/h) v c nghin ti kch thc ph hp. Hnh 2.2.1: My nghin bi tQung sau nghin c dng huyn ph a qua li lc s b. Ti y cc ht c kch thc cn kh ln c gi li trn li s c cng nhn a tr li vt ti nhp liu thc hin nghin li. Phn huyn ph lt qua li lc ban u s c bm vn chuyn ln b phn sng rung vi kch thc l sang l 7m. Ti y huyn ph s c phn cp mt ln na, cc ht c kch thc ln hn 7m s li trn tm sng v c a tr v vt ti nhp liu, huyn ph c kch thc nh hn 7m s t tiu chun v c a vo thit b khuy trn tip theo trc khi a qua thit b gia nhit ln th I. Xt c b sung vo t h thng vt ti to mi trng huyn ph cho qu trnh nghin t qung. Dng xt l dng hn hp gia xt nhp liu 32% (dung dch s 1) v dung dich xt sau c c (dung dch s 2). ng thi xt cng c b sung ti li lc s b pha long xt ti thi im . T l nhp liu l 1 qung : 1 xt. Huyn ph t bn trung gian c bm qua bn (M), c khuy lin tc vi tc 21 vng/pht trnh lng ng.2.2.2. Giai on gia nhit ln 1 T bn trung gian (m), huyn ph c bm vo thit b gia nhit (dng ng chm 4 pass) nng nhit ln khong 98oC trc khi vo bn phn ng.+ Dung dch huyn ph i trong ng.+ Hi cp nhit (hi bo ha ly t l hi) i ngoi ng. Dng huyn ph sau gia nhit c bm ln M1, M2 chun b a vo bn phn ng.2.2.3. Giai on kh silicHuyn ph sau khi c gia nhit c a v thit b kh silic M1, M2 v lu y 8 10 gi. Trong giai on ny silic b khong ho. Nh my s dng 2 thit b kh silic m bo qu trnh vn hnh c lin tc, trong lc thit b ny cung cp huyn ph cho cc thit b phn ng pha sau th thit b cn li c nhim v l cha huyn ph v thc hin qu trnh kh silic t nhp liu pha trc. 2.2.4. Giai on gia nhit ln 2T thit b kh silic, hn hp s c a qua thit b gia nhit ln th II nng nhit hn hp ln khong 1500C trc khi a vo thit b phn ng. Thit b gia nhit ny c cu to kiu thit b truyn nhit dng ng chm, 6 pass. Bn ngoi l hi nc vi p sut khong 5-6 kg/cm2 (nhit khong 1600C) vi nng sut nhp hi l 12-15 m3/h, bn trong l hn hp huyn ph cn gia nhit i qua 6 pass vi nng sut nhp liu l 10 m3/h.2.2.5. Giai on phn ng Sau khi kh, huyn ph t bn M1, M2 c bm vo thit b phn ng gm 5 bn. T bn R5 R1. Cng lc , NaOH nng 180g Na2O/l c bm vo thit b. Dng NaOH ny bao gm dng NaOH ban u trn vi dung dch 2 sau c c. Hai dng nguyn liu ny c trn chung theo t l: 1 qung : 3 kim. Thit b phn ng c cp hi bo ho trc tip vi nhit khong 140-1450C. nhit ny phn ng xy ra, Al2O3 phn ng vi NaOH v to thnh Aluminat.Al2O3 + 2NaOH = 2NaAlO2 + H2O Cc tp cht nh st oxit (Fe2O3), titan oxit (TiO2) khng phn ng vi NaOH. Thit b phn ng gm 5 bn t ni tip nhau nhm tng thi gian lu, nng sut v hiu sut. Dy 5 thit b ny c 3 thit b gia nhit bng ng xon (R1, R2, R3) v 2 thit b loi v-o(R4, R5). Trong cc thit b phn ng c lp cnh khuy vi tc 20-25 vng/pht gip to iu kin phn ng ng u, tng b mt tip xc pha, trnh to vng t v ng cn di y thit b. Ap sut lm vic ca mi bnh gim dn t R5 (5at) xung R1 (3at), s chnh lch khong 0,5at mi bn. Nh vy sau khi khuy trn dung dch trong bn R5 dung dch c p qua cc bn cn li theo th t nh vo s chnh lch p sut. Sau khi ra khi bn R1 dung dch c p vo qua bn pha long D. Thi gian phn ng l 2h v hiu sut phn ng sau khi ra khi 5 thit b l 90-95%. Hn hp sau khi ra khi thit b phn ng s c a vo thit b tch lng hi, hi c tch ra s c s dng cho qu trnh gia nhit dung dch xt trc khi cho vo thit b phn ng.2.2.6. Giai on pha long Dung dch t R1 c p qua bn D v c pha long vi dung dch 4 ( nc sau qua qu trnh ra b) theo t l pha long 1.16 2.08 v kt hp vi vic khuy trn khong 25 vng/pht m bo s ng nht ca dung dch. Nng pha long thch hp vo khong 95 5g/l Na2O. Dung dch sau khi pha long c bm qua thit b tch ct trc khi vo qu trnh lng.2.2.7. Giai on lng Nh my s dng cht tr lng l HX600 vi phi liu nh sau: 2,1 Kg HX600 + 40 Kg xt 32% + 1m3 / 1,5h vo bn trung gian. T bn trung gian, dung dch c a n khu thit b lng T gm cc thit b hot ng c lp. Nguyn l hot ng ca thit b lng:+ y l thit b hot ng bn lin tc: Nhp liu tho liu lin tc, ly b gin on.+ u tin cht tr lng c ha trn vi xt v nc nng, sau trn vi dung dch Aluminat ( c tch ct). Hn hp ny c thng trung gian phn phi u cho 5 bn lng T ( hot ng c lp).+ mi bn lng: Dng hn hp c a vo ng trung tm i su vo lng bn, nh ng trung tm nn dng chy khng b xo trn nhiu.+ Di tc dng ca lc trng trng v tc dng ca cht tr lng, phn qung khng phn ng c tn ti dng rn (gi l b ) s lng xung y thit b v c cnh khut o trn u trnh ng lp di y thit b. Phn dung dch cha mt lng nh b i chiu ni ln trn, trn qua cc l chy vo g xung quanh thit b, sau theo ng chy chuyn vo bn cha trung gian (F). ng thi cnh khuy rng ba cng to phn cn y xung ca tho cn. B s c ly ra gin on ri a qua bn W ra.2.2.8. Giai on lc Aluminat tng hiu sut lc tch phn rn khng tan dng bn (bao gm Fe2O3 v cc tp cht khc) v tng sch ca sn phm: Trc khi kt tinh, dung dch t bn F c qua qu trnh lc. Trc qu trnh lc dung dch aluminat l qu trnh ph vi cc tm vi lc, trnh b bm trc tip vo vi lc lm h vi. Sau dung dch aluminat c bm vo thit b lc thc hin qu trnh lc ng nhit 90 1000C. Thit b lc ng: l thit b lc dch lin tc v ly b gin on. Nguyn tc hot ng ging vi thit b lc khung bn. Dch lc c i vo thit b lc c th bng 2 ca v i t trn xung, phn phi qua cc ng dn dch lc ri i xung trong cc khung lc, gia cc khung lc l cc tm vi lc c chc nng gi li b lc v cho php dch lc i qua. Dch lc c tho ra di y thit b. Dch lc c i t trn xung do qu trnh lc ny cn c gi l lc ng. Dung dch sau khi lc c dn qua thit b trao i nhit (trao i nhit vi dung dch nc ci 3) gim nhit khong 60-650C trc khi em kt tinh. B lc s c tho ra hng ngy lm v sinh v tho b l t ng.2.2.9. Giai on lm ngui dung dch Aluminat Qu trnh thay i l ngc chiu, hai dng c b tr xen k nhau. Dung dch Aluminat sau lc cn c lm ngui n nhit phng khong 60 650C ri mi bm i kt tinh. Ti bn kt tinh C cng nhn vn hnh s b sung thm mm kt tinh Al(OH)3 vi mt lng thch hp bn phn ly MS1 tng hiu qu kt tinh.

T= 40h NaAlO2+ 2H2O Al(OH)3 + NaOH Nh my b tr 25 bn kt tinh hot ng c lp nhau trong bn C9 v C10 c nhim v to mm kt tinh cho tt c cc bn cn li. Nguyn l hot ng:+ u tin dung dch Aluminat sau lc c lm ngui s c bm qua bn C3 (hoc C4), ha trn vi mm kt tinh t MS1 (hn hp s c khuy lin tc).+ T bn C3 (hay C4), hn hp s c bm qua C5 gip gim dn nhit n gn ngui th phn phi sang cc bn kt tinh cn li. Thi gian ca hn hp lu li trong bn kt tinh khong 40 gi. + Mi bn kt tinh u c cnh khuy (n =10 14 vng/pht) nh vy dung dch c gii nhit v mm kt tinh c o trn u.2.2.10. Giai on phn ly Sau khi lu bn kt tinh 40 gi, dung dch bn no t yu cu th s c bm v bn xyclon lng. T bn kt tinh, hn hp c a n thit b phn li. Thit b phn li c cu to gn ging vi thit b lng: vi ng trung tm v g chy trn. Hn hp c bm vo ng trung tm t trn xung, cc mm kt tinh do tc dng ca trng lc s b ko xung di y thit b, dung dch lng ni ln trn v theo g chy trn chy ra ngoi, sau c bm vn chuyn sang bn cha, y l dung dch s 3. Qu trnh phn li din ra 2 giai on: Phn li s cp v phn li th cp. Hn hp s c vn chuyn a vo thit b phn li s cp S. Trong xyclon, huyn ph c lng theo phng tip tuyn vi vn tc 25m/s. Dng hn hp quay trn trong rnh gia ng tm v v tr, mt phn sn phm kt tinh c a vo bn cha sn phm, cc ht to s lng xung y nh trng lc v c x xung bn BS, cn cc ht nh ra khi ng trung tm s b cun theo dng nc ci theo g chy trn qua h thng 3 thit b phn li S1, S2, S3 tip theo, dung dch chy trn t cc thit b ny s c vn chuyn vo bn cha dung dch s 3. Mt phn sn phm sau phn li s c a vo bn cha mm bm vo thit b kt tinh vi t l nh sau: 10 sn phm : 4 mm. Sau chuyn sang giai on lc thnh phm.2.2.11. Giai on thnh phmHin ti nh my ch s dng mt h thng lc l lc a (trc y s dng thit b lc tang trng), v nh th va nng cao hiu sut thu hi, va gim c nhn cng trong giai on ny. Mt phn sn phm sau lc s c cho vo bn cha mm b sung mm kt tinh vo thit b kt tinh.Thit b lc a hot ng da trn s chnh lch p sut ca thit b v kh quyn, tuy nhin, bt hyroxit nhm cn c ra kim nh dn phun nc nng. Nc nng ny c ly t nc ngng ca qu trnh c c. Sau sy bt nhm hyroxit v gt phn ny vo mng thnh phm v ng bao vi trng lng 50kg. 2.2.12. Giai on ra b Bn sau qu trnh lng c a sang h thng ra b W. L qu trnh ngc chiu: B sau qu trnh lng c vn chuyn t thit b W1 ti thit b W6, nc ra b t bn cha nc ngng c bm vn chuyn t thit b W6 ti thit b W1. Qu trnh ra b xy ra 8 thit b. Trong W1a W2a v W1b W2b hot ng song song; W3,W4, W5, W6 hot ng ni tip ngc chiu: nc ra cp t bn cui cng W6 ln bn u tin W1, b sau khi c ra t bn trc c y qua bn tip theo. Nc ra l nc nng c cp t bn cha nc ngng sau gia nhit. B sau cng sau khi ra khi W6 s c x l, khi t tiu chun s thi ra sn cha bi. B kh c dng lm bt mu trong vt liu xy dng. Nc ra b cui cng ra khi thit b W1 c em s dng cho qu trnh pha long hn hp sau thit b phn ng, y chnh l dung dch s 4. B sau cng sau khi ra khi W6 s c s l, khi t tiu chun s thi ra sn cha b. B kh c dng lm bt mu trong vt liu xy dng.2.2.13. Qu trnh c c nc ci 3 Nc ci 3 sau phn ly cn cha mt lng xt ng k cn ti s dng. H thng c c trc y bao gm 4 h hot ng c lp, mi h gm 3 ni: E123, E456, E789, E10 11 12, nhng t nm 2010 ch cn s dng 3 h, v h cn li c tn dng l thit b ngng t hi th sau c c Condensat CS. Qu trnh c c trong cc ni l qu trnh ngc chiu, sn phm lin tc, nhp liu gin on. Sn phm ca ni trc l nguyn liu cho ni sau, hi th ni sau l hi gia nhit cho ni trc. ni cui, sn phm c bm v bn cha dung dch s 2 sau c c. Nc ci 2 sau c c c pha chung vi lng xt ban u. Dung dch hn hp chia lm 2 phn: Mt phn tr li qu trnh nghin. Phn cn li cho vo qu trnh phn ng to hn hp Aluminat. Hi th ra khi qu trnh s c ngng t trong thit b condensate (CS) trao i nhit vi nc lm mt c bm t ging. Nc ngng t s c cha vo trong bn cha nc ngng phc v cho cc qu trnh lng, ra b, ra thnh phm, cp hi. Nc lm mt sau khi lm ngng t hi s tng nhit , sau c a qua thp gii nhit (cooling tower) lm gim nhit xung v tip tc s dng.2.2.14. Giai on gia nhit hn hp xt Nc ci 2 sau c c c pha chung vi lng xt ban u (t l 2 dng ph thuc vo nng sau cng ca dung dch). Nc ci chia lm 2 phn:+ Mt phn tun hon tr li qu trnh nghin.+ Phn ln nc ci cn li s dng cho qu trnh phn ng ti Natrialuminat (trc khi a vo phi gia nhit cho phn nc ci ny). H thng gia nhit gm 5 thit b trao i nhit dng ng chm 6 pass hot ng ni tip nhau, trong :+ Hai thit b tn dng li ngun hi cn d trong qu trnh khc gia nhit. + Ba thit b s dng ngun hi bo ha cp trc tip t l hi gia nhit cho phn hi d li dng cp cho 2 thit b trn. Hn hp xt thit b sau cng c cp cho R4 hoc R5 trong qu trnh phn ng.2.2.15. Giai on to hi L hi cung cp hi dng gia nhit cho thit b phn ng qu trnh ha tch qung xy ra v t hiu qu. Ngoi ra, n cn cung cp hi cho h thng c c nc ci (cha trong bn 3) ca chu k trc pha liu cho chu k sau. Nc ging bm ln v nc ca qu trnh gii nhit c bm qua qut lm ngui xung b 1 v b 2. b 1, ngi ta cho thm NaOH nng pH ln khong 10. B 2, ngi ta cho thm phn to kt ta. Nc t cc b 1 v 2 s chy trn qua b 3 n b 8 lng cn. T b s 8, nc chy vo b 1 ri c bm ln 2 thng lc (lc bng m si) lc tip. Nc t hai thng lc chy vo b 3 ri li bm vo thng lc 2 lc li ln cui trc khi vo b 2. Nc sau khi x l i vo thit b trao i cation v bn cha ni hi. Bm cp nc c nhim v cung cp nc cho ni hi. Du FO sau khi gia c nhit v t chy s i vo cui ng trung tm, kh l i ngc ln u l v theo ng la n cui ni hi, theo ng khi thot ra ngoi, nc bao bc bn ngoi ng la v ng trung tm, c cung cp nhit ri chuyn thnh hi nc. Khi p sut t 7kg/cm2, m t t van hi chnh ch cung cp hi cho thit b cn gia nhit. Nc ngng t sau khi gia nhit s c hon lu v bn cha.

PHN 3: CC THIT B TRONG PHN XNG NHM HYDROXIT V VN HNH H THNGCHNG 1: CC THIT B TRONG PHN XNG1.1. Cu to v qu trnh lm vic ca mt s thit b chnh:1.1.1 Thit b nghin: Nhim v: a qung v kch thc thch hp (6-7m) trc khi a vo thit b phn ng. Thit b lm vic vi nng sut trung bnh 4,5 tn/h. Cc b phn chnh ca h thng nghin: Phu nh lng: dng cyclon, qung t bi cha c xe xc vo phu. Phu c th cha ti a 30 tn. 4 chn chnh l cn in t. Vt ti qung: a qung t phu nh lng ln my tr nghin. My nghin bi: da vo kch thc ca qung sau nghin m cho s bi vo my nghin. Li lc s b: sn phm sau nghin c a qua li lc s b gi li nhng ht kch thc kh ln khng t tiu chun, sau cc ht ny s c em tr li vt ti a vo my nghin. Bm: vn chuyn huyn ph sau nghin a ln sng rung phn cp ht. Sng rung: kch thc tiu chun ca l sng l 7m, cc ht kch thc nh hn s tip tc c a qua bn cha trung gian v em i gia nhit. 1.1.2 Thit b gia nhit trc phn ng:-L thit b truyn nhit kiu ng chm 6 pass (dng lnh i qua 6 chng), vi din tch truyn nhit l 30 m2.-Chc nng: gia nhit dng xt sau c c, tng nhit dng xt ln khong 150oC- 160oC, cp xt cho bn phn ng.

-H= 6m, 370, n = 60 ng 27, chiu di ng 6m, F = 30 m2, p sut 5 atm -Np elip, cao 360mm-S b tr dng

1.1.3 Thit b phn ng: y l thit b quan trng nht trong dy chuyn sn xut gm 5 thit b t R1 n R5. Ti y xy ra qu trnh ho tan Al2O3 thnh Al(OH)3. Bn trong thit b phn ng c cnh khuy hot ng vi vn tc 20-25 vng/pht. Cnh khuy mi cho lp vo gia trc, gn st y l mm khuy, tho liu y thit b, c 2 dng nhp liu cho 2 dng NaOH v qung. Nh my c 2 loi thit b phn ng: thit b loi v o v gia nhit bng ng xon. 2 loi thit b ny c cu to v hot ng nh nhau nhng ch khc nhau cch gia nhit cho bn phn ng.1.1.4. Thit b lng: Thit b lng dng phn lp gia phn khng tan v dung dch Aluminat gm 5 bn lng t T1 n T5. Cu to thit b kh n gin gm cnh khuy tc 0,2 vng/pht. Nguyn liu cho vo ng trung tm phn phi u trong thit b. Bn di thit b c rng ba tho b. Pha trn c g chy trn tho phn dung dch ra. Ngoi ra, trong giai on lng cn cho thm cht tr lng nn bn cnh thit b lng cn c bn pha hn hp tr lng. Vic cho cht tr lng vo qu trnh lng lm cho hiu sut qu trnh tng t 2-3 ln. 1.1.5. Thit b lc Aluminat: Giai on lc thc hin sau khi lng nhm loi ra bt nhng tp cht vn cn st li trong dung dch trc khi a dung dch i kt tinh. Thit b lc ng: l thit b lc dch lin tc v ly b gin on. Nguyn tc hot ng ging vi thit b lc khung bn. Dch lc c i vo thit b lc c th bng 2 ca v i t trn xung, phn phi qua cc ng dn dch lc ri i xung trong cc khung lc, gia cc khung lc l cc tm vi lc c chc nng gi li b lc v cho php dch lc i qua. Dch lc c tho ra di y thit b. Dch lc c i t trn xung do qu trnh lc ny cn c gi l lc ng. 1.1.6. Thit b trao i nhit tm: Nhim v: y l thit b phc v cho nhu cu nng v h nhit dung dch. Nh my dng thit b trao i nhit h nhit dung dch kt tinh, nng nhit dung dch c c bng cch cho tip xc gia dung dch trc kt tinh v trc c c. Cu to: ch yu l cc tm trao i nhit dng sng xp song song vi nhau. Nguyn tc hot ng: Dung dch trc kt tinh (A) c nhit cao c a t my lc Natri Aluminat trc tip t bn F i vo chy mng n cc rnh c to bi cc tm trao i nhit. Dung dch 3 (B) cng c bm vo cc rnh cn li .Hai dung dch ny chy ngc chiu trong cc rnh xen k nhau tin hnh trao i nhit. Sau qu trnh ny, dung dch A c a ln bn C thc hin qu trnh kt tinh, dung dch B i n thp c c thc hin qu trnh c c. - Nh my c 2 thit b trao i nhit c hot ng cng lc hoc lun phin nhau ty theo yu cu kim tra, v sinh. Thng qu trnh v sinh c tin hnh rt nhanh trong chu trnh khp kn (dung dch 1 nng i vo ho tan phn kt tinh bm trn ri c a li v bn 1) nn t nh hng n ton qu trnh.1.1.7. Thit b c c:Nhim v : Dng c c dung dch # 3 (100g/l 120g/l) thnh dung dch # 2 (160g/l 180g/l).Thng s:Bo co Thc tp Qu trnh v Thit b GVHD: Nguyn S Xun n


Tng chiu cao thp: 7.9mNng sut: 60 m3/ngyng knh bung t: 1.75mng knh bung bc: 2m

ng truyn nhit: 264 ng, 60x4mm

ng tun hon: 500mmDin tch truyn nhit: 100 m2ng knh ming chp ph bt: 1m

ng np liu:76x4mm

ng x y:90x5mm

ng dn hi chnh:76x4mm

ng dn nc ngng:76x4mm

ng dn nc ngng:76x4mm

ng ly mu:42x3mm

ng thot hi th: 500mmVlv= 5,0 m3Pck = 2030 mmHg.Plv,max = 3kg/cm2Kiu sn xut: lin tc

Nguyn l lm vic : Hnh 3.1.1. H c c E789 bung t, dung dch cn c c trong ng, hi t i vo khong trng pha ngoi ng. Khi lm vic dung dch trong ng un si to thnh hn hp lng hi, khi lng ring gim v b y pha di ln ming ng. Cn trong ng trung tm do c ng knh ln nn nhit dung dch ti ng thp hn, lng hi trong ng to ra t hn do khi lng ring ca hn hp hi lng y ln hn trong cc ng truyn nhit nn dung dch s chy t trn xung. Kt qu l trong thit b c chuyn ng tun hon t nhin t di i ln trong ng truyn nhit v t trn xung di trong ng tun hon. Tc tun hon cng ln th h s cp nhit pha dung dch tng v qu trnh dng cn trn b mt truyn nhit gim. Song song vi qu trnh trn l qu trnh bc hi xy ra lin tc trn b mt thong dung dch trong bung bc lm nng dung dch tng. Dung dch theo ng trung tm ra khi thit b theo ng tho liu. Hi bc ln bung bc gp phn nn chn s ngng t git lng cha NaOH, hi cn li trn ra xung quanh theo ng dn hi. H thng c c trc y bao gm 4 h hot ng c lp, mi h gm 3 ni c c hot ng ngc chiu: E123, E456, E789, E10 11 12, nhng t nm 2010 ch cn s dng 3 h. Trong h ni E456 c nng sut thp hn 2 h ni cn li.XT H GM E7 , E8 , E9 :Nhp liu xt long vo ni 3, hi t np vo ni 1. Hi th ca ni 1 s lm hi t ca ni 2, hi th ca ni 2 s lm hi th ca ni 3, hi th ca ni 3 s c nhit thp nn khng cn gi tr s dng, do c ngng t bng thit b Baromet. Xt vo ni 3 c c c sau chuyn qua ni 2 v cui cng ly ra ni 1 nh h thng t ng gm bm v thit b nh mc cht lng trong bung bc. Cu to v b phn ph tr : Mi ni c c gm 2 b phn chnh : b phn un si dung dch (bung t) v b phn bc hi (bung bc). Bung t : gm ng truyn nhit b tr xung quanh ng tun hon trung tm. Nhit c truyn t cht ti nhit (hi bo ho i gia khong khng gia cc ng) qua b mt trao i nhit sang cho dung dch trong ng. Bung bc : l mt bung trng. Mc ch ca khng gian ny l nhm tch hi th ra khi dung dch ang si mt cch lin tc v n nh. Trong bung bc c b phn tch bt dng tch nhng git lng do hi th mang theo. B phn tch cc ht lng thng lp nh thit b c c v tr trc ca ra ca hi th. Nhim v ca n l tch kit cc ht lng ri tr v khoang dung dch. Nguyn l tch cc ht lng l da vo trng lc, lc qun tnh hoc lc li tm ca chnh ht lng. T nguyn l tch ht lng ta kt cu b phn ny cho ph hp cng gn v cng c hiu sut cao cng tt. Ngoi cc b phn chnh nh trn, thit b c c cn c cc ca cho dung dch vo, tho sn phm ra, ca cho hi t vo v ca nc ngng ra, ca cho hi th i thit b ngng t, ca quan st, ca ly mu, ca lp ng h p lc, ca lp nhit k, ca v sinh v sa cha B phn ph tr : thit b ngng t, bm chn khng, bm li tm, cooling tower, plasb. V sinh: nh my nh k v sinh h c c bng acid 10%.1.1.8. Thit b kt tinh - Nhim v : kt tinh Al(OH)3 t dung dch aluminate, hm lng Al trong aluminate gim t 140-150g/l xung 80-100g/l- Cu to v b phn ph tr : Cu to : Thit b l mt bn cha hnh ch nht c 3 cnh khuy hnh mi cho, tc cnh khuy 24-28 vng/pht. Nguyn liu c dn vo bn bng ng bm, bn thnh phm c tho ra t l y bn. Cnh khuy y bn c tc dng gt bn thnh phm, gip tho liu trit , trnh tc nghn. B phn ph tr : hp s gm 2 bnh rng ng knh 250 mm truyn ng.1.1.9. Thit b lc a: Nhim v: y l thit b c nhim v lc to ra thnh phm v mt phn s dng cho vic to mm thit b kt tinh. Cu to: Gm trc rng v cc a quay trong thng huyn ph. a gm nhng tm rng hnh qut ghp li vi nhau, mi tm l mt ngn rng c c l. Tm ni vi trc bng on ng. Qua khng gian bn trong tm c ni lin v thng vi rnh ca trc rng. Vi lc c cng trn b mt tm. H thng hot ng p sut chn khng. Nguyn l hot ng: Sn phm t bn cha phn li BS c bm qua h thng ra kim trc khi a vo thit b lc a. Nh chn khng m nc lc trong thng huyn ph chui qua vi lc vo bn trong cc tm qua on ng trung gian i vo rnh ca trc rng n u phn phi ra ngoi. Cn sn phm bm trn vi lc s c tch thu v sau em i ng bao.

1.2 Bng c tnh k thut mt s thit b.Tn thit bK hiuCc thng s ch yuNng sut

L hiMECHMAR-V l: ngoi = 2456 ; D = 3772.- Bung t : ngoi = 294 ;D = 2996 ; dy s = 18- ng la: = 76/68;D = 3750. Dung tch 8300 lt.- Nhin liu: than 30 T/ngy, l than dy xch ba-lng hi.10 T/h

My nghin biMN- Chiu di thng L = 3795; ng knh phn tr D = 1900;chiu di cn 1 l 837; chiu di cn 2 l 1145- Th tch thng = 3.85 m3- Khi lng bi: M = 5 tn; ng knh hai bi < 90.- n = 1470 vng /pht;U = 380 V; N = 37 kW4.5 tn/ h

Thit b phn ngR123-=2285x6154,tole 10 ly, ng gia nhit =50/60- Ftn= 21.5m2 (22 vng xon d=1880),Vlv=12m3, Plv=3-4kg/cm2, Tolv=135oC; n=20v/p4h/m

R45- Thit b p lc, gia nhit bng hi nc bo ho kiu v o.-=2400x3960; inox dy12mm,Vlv=14.5m3; Plv=3-4kg/cm2, Tolv=135oC; n=20v/p

Thit b lngT-=3900x5000; tole 10 ly; Vlv=51m3; n=0.2v/p

Thit b ra bW123-=3900x5000; tole 10 ly; Vlv=51m3; n=0.2v/p

W456-=5000x5000; tole 10 ly; Vlv=90m3; n=0.2v/p

My lc aLTP-=1792x18000; Plv=500-650mmHg3 tn/h

Thit b c cE789-=1360x7250, ng tun hon =500, ng truyn nhit =60x2000 dy 4mm (264 ng)-Ftn=100m2, Vlv=5m3; Plvmax=5 kg/cm260m3/ngy

E123,E456-=1360x7250, ng tun hon =440, ng truyn nhit =53/60 (140 ng)Ftn=41.5m2,Vlv=2.8m3; Plvmax=5 kg/cm2; 30-35 m3/ngy

Thit b pha longD-=2930x5350, tole 10ly, Vlv=36m3, n=20v/p

CHNG 2: QUY NH VN HNH PHN XNG2.1. Quy nh chung ca nh my: Thng xuyn theo di my mc, thit b b phn mnh m trch Khng cc van bm b x, h. My mc thit b hoc phn in b h hng phi bo co kp thi cho th bo tr sa cha, ng thi bo trc ban hoc k thut. m bo ng cc ch tiu k thut ca b phn mnh. Giao nhn ca r rng. Ghi nht k y cc s c trong ca. V sinh sch s khu v mnh m trch.2.2. Quy nh ring tng b phn:2.2.1. B phn nghin: Chy b phn nghin: Chy my nghin, sng phn cp. Cung cp xt bn s 3 vo mng trn khi thit b tch ht qung chy. Cho hot ng bng ti, b phn gait qung, cung cp qung cho my nghin. Chy bm tch qung khi mng chy trn nay huyn ph sau khi nghin. iu chnh lng xt v qung theo ng yu cu k thut.Lu : Thi gian nghin ti thiu l 3 gi/4 tn qung v khng my nghin chy khng ti hoc cho nhiu qung vo my nghin cng lc. Dng b phn nghin: Ngng cung cp qung cho my nghin. Ngng cung cp xt t bn s 3. Cho my nghin chy thm 5 pht ri dng. Kho van y thit b tch qung ht khi thi gian ngng my ngn. Kim tra my nghin, phn cp, thit b tch qung ht, bng ti, b phn gt qung, bm van, ng ng c tnh trng tt.2.2.2. B phn c c: Thng xuyn kim tra theo di my mc thit b, bm van, ng ng, p sut lm vic ca thit b. Bm xt s 3 phi hot ng lin tc, khi khng b sung xt vo cc bn pha liu th cc h thng c c phi kha k cc van cung cp cho cc b phn ny v m van bn s 3 gia nhit. Khng ch van nh vo n bo di lin tc sng. Khi n bo trn sng phi kho ngay cc van ny trnh trn xt. Ly mu kim tra nng trc khi p hoc bm v bn pha liu theo ng yu cu k thut.2.2.3. B phn phn ng: Kim tra ti lc , thng xuyn theo di cc van, ng ng, p sut lm vic ca thit b, thi gian phn ng. Khng ch lu lng bm t M-R theo ng yu cu k thut. Khi m van hi nu R, ch c m van x hi ngng t khong 3 pht, khng c m lin tc trong sut qu trnh nu. iu chnh thi gian bm pha long (hoc lu lng khi h thng hot ng lin tc) thch hp t nng pha long theo quy nh. Ly mu kim tra nng theo yu cu k thut. Nhc nh b phn kt tinh cho bt nng vo bn ng quy nh.2.2.4. B phn kt tinh: M bm, khng ch van bn D cho bm D chy lin tc, khng nn m van bn D ln v khng bn D trng. Lc ht chn khng. Phi nay kn np bn lc, bm ht hi lu dung dch qua lc vo bn D khong 15 pht. Kim tra trong ca dung dch trc khi xung bn lc. Nu dung dch c hin tng cn b phi ngng bm D, thi gian lng tip khong 30 pht, ng thi x l b trong cc bm nu cn b nhiu. Dung dch bm vo bn C phi m bo nhit t 58-65oC, thi gian lu dung dch trong bn khong 80h. Ti bn T: Mi ca u kim tra x l b. Cm tuyt i khng c x b T xung ng cng. Nu bm b khng ln cn x y phi ni ng vo bn M, bm ln m, nu b t bm ln W, iu chnh van nc cho qu trnh ra b.2.2.5. B phn x b: Khi x b t W6 phi thng xuyn kim tra m c ca b. Khi long hoc ht b phi lp tc ng van x y W6 ngng x b. 7 kg bt vo mi ngn (khi lng mi bao bt l 10 kg, c khong 20 bao bt dung. Trng hp vn chuyn b bng xe bn : s dng axt c trung ho n pH gn 7. Trng hp x b ra mng: M van y W5 nh khong 201/12 giy. Khi x b phi kim tra mng.2.2.6. Quy nh x bm x: Khi cn x cc bn T, W yu cu bt ng a b v bn cha trung gian BT sau dung bm bm b ln bn thch hp: Trng hp x cc T, b c bm v bn W1 (nu bn W1 nhiu th bm v bn W2). Trng hp x cc b W, b c bm v bn ra k tip. Ring cc W trng hpb nhiu c th s dng 2 bm b d phng bm trc tip b ln W k tip. Trc khi s dng hai bm ny cn kim tra h thng ng ng, van, trnh bm tt. Tt c cc qu trnh x bm b khc phc s c cn ghi chp y vo trong nht k.

CHNG 3: KHC PHC S C V X L V SINH3.1. Cc s c v cch khc phc:3.1.1. Trng hp thit b y:Khc phc: ng van bn s 3 vo nghin, m van dung dch s 3 vo mng trn Chy my nghin Chy bm, iu chnh lu lng bm.3.1.2. S c cp in:Khc phc: Tt tt c cc cu dao, cng tc vn hnh ca phn xng trnh s c khi c in tr li lm hng cc thit b, my mc. Kho van y, kho van dung dch vo my trn. My nghin vn hot ng nhng gim lu lng qung3.1.3. S c do my nghin: Vt ti nguyn liu b gy, cc bi ca bnh rng truyn ng b v bi hay dy cua-r b dn nh hng n s vng quay ca my. Khc phc: Trc vt hot ng khng tt phi dng my thay th v sa cha Ngng my nghin. Kho van thit b, tt bm. Kho van dung dch 3 trn vo mng.3.1.4. S c v bm: Do sc ph ca huyn ph lm a bm mau mn, bm ht t b nght. Khc phc: m van, dng que st thng hay xt nc p sut cao.3.1.5. S c v thit b gia nhit: ng truyn nhit b nght do dng lnh i vi tc nhanh trong khi kch thc ng nh hoc c th do s kt tinh gy ra. L ng thng gy r r dung dch. Phn m mi ghp bch sau mt thi gian b h gy r r dung dch. Khc phc: dng acid v sinh ng ng trong trng hp ng b nght do kt tinh; c lp thit b c hin tng r r v hn li nhng ch thng; kim tra mi ghp bch thng xuyn, c bit l phn m ca bch phng trng hp r r.3.1.6. S c v vi lc: Vi lc h thng lc sau thi gian s dng b nght do b ng nhiu. Khc phc: ngng ly sn phm, tt h thng chn khng, git vi theo nh k bng dung dch axt.* Ngoi ra cc bm lin tc b hng (bm khng ln), cc ng ng b r r, ng ng nght khi b phn cp qung ngng hot ng, qung lng c trong ng (cn phi thng ng), vi lc b rch, nght3.1.7. S c v thit b c c- Thit b bo trn khng hot ng: lng xt dng cao, c th y bung bc v i vo thit b ngng t.=> Cch khc phc: ngng vic nhp liu bng cch chuyn dng xt sau khi gia nhit quay v bn 18, trong thi gian sa cha s s dng h c c khc thay th.- Bm khng hot ng: khng th a nguyn liu vo bn c c=> Cch khc phc: v y l h c c ngc chiu nn vai tr ca bm rt quan trng, bm h c th dn n dng c h ni c c . V vy cn t chc bo tr nh k 1-2 thng/ln nhm em li hiu qu cao nht cho h ni.3.2. Cch x l v sinh: V sinh thit b lm cho khng c cn lng, rn cc trong thit b trnh nh hng n nng sut thi b v ton nh my. Trong phn xng nhm, qu trnh v sinh thit b thng c tin hnh theo nh k hoc lc nng sut thit b b nh hng ng k. Do s lng thit b thng c t 2 tr ln i vi mi loi thit b nn vic v sinh hay sa cha c tin hnh lun phin gip t cn tr hoc ngt on quy trnh. Cch v sinh: Vic v sinh thit b theo hng lm sch thit b v gim thiu lng cht thi ra mi trng: thng dng NaOH t bn 1, sau khi v sinh thit b a v bn 2 dng cho cc b phn khc (v d ra thit b gia nhit, v sinh thit b c c) hoc hon lu cht ra (v d v sinh ng truyn nhit trong thit b gia nhit trc phn ng cho bn 2). No vt phn cn lng trong bn em x l li hoc thi b (nu khng ng k). To chn ng, rung ph b lp cn (thit b R).

PHN 4: KT LUN Trong thi i cng nghip ha hin i ha ca th gii cng nh Vit Nam ni ring, nn cng nghip ca nc ta v ang tng ngy t c nhiu thnh cng to ln, a t nc ta ngy mt giu v p, ha nhp vo nn vn minh th gii hin i. Nht l nghnh cng nghip ha ng vng c trn th trng trong nc v dn c v th trn th trng cc nc. Nhiu nh my, cng ty pht trin khng ngng. Trong c nh my Ha Cht Tn Bnh trc thuc cng ty Ha Cht C Bn Min Nam c b cng nghip chng nhn t ISO 9001 v nh my chng t bn lnh ca mnh trn th trng trong v ngoi nc.Dy chuyn cng ngh ca nh my ngy c ci tin nhm p ng nhu cu sn xut cng nh h gi thnh sn phm, nng cao tnh cnh tranh v kinh t. i ng cn b, cng nhn vin chc c trnh tay ngh cao, tn ty vi cng vic. Cc sn phm ca nh my c uy tn cht lng cao, c tiu th trong v ngoi nc. Phng th nghim vi trang thit b y , hin i, khng gian rng ri thoi mi, p ng c nhu cu phn tch cc sn phm, nguyn liu, bn sn phm trong nh my v mt s ni khc gi n.Ch i ng ca nh my i vi cn b, cng nhn vin rt chu o v n ngh cho n an ton v sinh lao ng.Khun vin ca nh my c trng nhiu cy xanh, xy h nui c, to dng mt khng gian xanh, thn thin vi mi trng. Gip cn b, cng nhn vin c th th gin sau nhng gi lm vic cng thng.Lnh o ca nh my lun c tinh thn trch nhim cao trong cng vic, th hin ng tc phong cng nghip ca con ngi trong thi k cng nghip ha hin i ha.Nh my c cc t in, sa cha t, thit blun bo tr thit b mt cch thng xuyn v sa cha khi c s c xy ra.Bn cnh nh my vn cn mt s vn cn phi lu : Trong khu vc sn xut nh my cn nhiu ting n. Cc thit b my mc s dng lu nm nn ng ng mt s ni b hoen, r. Mt s thit b ti phng th nghim c, nht l h thng t ht v l nung hot ng rt km hiu qu.Trong thi gian thc tp ti nh my, chng em c tip cn vi cng vic thc t kt hp vi cc kin thc hc ti trng hon thin k nng ca mt ngi phn tch. Chng em xin cm n ban lnh o nh my, cc c ch, anh ch phng th nghim to iu kin gip chng em hon thnh chng trnh thc tp trong thi gian va qua. Chng em mong rng trong thi gian ti y nh my s nhp thm mt s trang thit b hin i phc v cho cng vic phn tch, kim tra mu c nhanh chng, chnh xc hn na gp phn a thng hiu ca nh my khng nhng trong nc, cc nc ln cn m n tt c cc nc trn th gii.

TI LIU THAM KHO[ 1 ]. Nh My Ha Cht Tn Bnh, Lch s hnh thnh nh my, Nh My Ha Cht Tn Bnh, 2011.[ 2 ]. Phng An Ton Mi Trng, Ni quy an ton lao ng phng chy cha chy, Nh My Ha Cht Tn Bnh, 2011.[ 3 ]. Phng Cng Ngh Thit B, Quy trnh cng ngh sn xut, Nh My Ha Cht Tn Bnh, 2011.[ 4 ]. T ha nghim, Cc ch tiu phn tch, Nh My Ha Cht Tn Bnh, 2011.[ 5 ]. Nguyn Th Lng, Bi ging phn tch cc thnh phn qung Bauxite, trng i Hc Cng Nghip Thc Phm TP. H Ch Minh, 2011.[ 6 ]. Cc tc gi, Bi ging ha phn tch, trng i Hc Cng Nghip Thc Phm TP. H Ch Minh, 2011.[ 7 ]. Cc tc gi, Bi ging phn tch cng nghip 1, trng i Hc Cng Nghip Thc Phm TP. H Ch Minh, 2011.[ 8 ]. o Thanh Kh, C s ha hc qung Bauxite, trng i Hc Cng Nghip Thc Phm TP. H Ch Minh, 2011.


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