Đại cương vi sinh vật
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Transcript of Đại cương vi sinh vật
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MOÄT SOÁ VI KHUAÅN GAÂY
BEÄNH THÖÔØNG GAËP
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I. VI KHUAÅN GRAM (+)
1. Caàu khuaån gram (+)
Staphylococcus (tuï caàu)
S. aureus (tuï caàu vaøng): Nhieãm truøng ngoaøi da
vaø caùc cô quan noäi taïng : muïn nöôùc, nhoït, abces
gan, abces phoåi …
Streptococcus : lieân caàu khuaån
β_hemolytic streptococcus group A
(streptococcus tieâu huyeát beta nhoùm A : vieâm
hoïng, soát thaáp khôùp)
Streptococcus preumoniae : vieâm phoåi …
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2. Tröïc khuaån gram (+) khoâng sinh baøo töû :
Corynebacterium :
• C.diptheriae : beänh baïch caàu
Listeria :
• L.monocytogenes : vieâm maøng naõo
Erysipelothrix :
• E.rhusiopathiae : beänh Erysipela ôû heo. Nhieãm truøng
da ôû ngöôøi do tieáp xuùc.
3. Tröïc khuaån gram (+) coù sinh baûo töû :
Loaïi hieáu khí baét buoäc :
• Bacillus :
- B.anthracis : gaây beänh than
- B. cereus : tieâu chaûy
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Loaïi kî khí baét buoäc :
• Clostridium :
- C.botulinum : ngoä ñoäc thöùc aên ñoà hoäp
- C.tetani : beänh uoán vaùn
- C.perfringens : vieâm ruoät hoaïi töû
- C.difficile : vieâm ñaïi traøng coù giaû maïc
II. VI KHUAÅN GRAM AÂM :
1. Caàu khuaån gram (-)
• Neisseria
N.menighitidis : vieâm maøng naõo
N.gonorrhoeae : beänh laäu
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2. Tröïc khuaån ñöôøng ruoät
• Escherichia
E.coli : vi khuaån thöôøng truù ôû ruoät ngöôøi vaø vaät, moät
soá coù theå gaây tieâu chaûy, hoaëc gaây beänh ôû caùc cô
quan ngoaøi ruoät.
• Salmonella :
S.typhi : beänh thöông haøn
S.choleraesuis : nhieãm truøng maùu vaø aùp-xe caùc cô
quan noäi taïng
S.enteritidis : nhieãm truøng ñöôøng tieâu hoùa
• Shigella spp : hoäi chöùng lî
• Klebsiella
+ K.pneumonia : vieâm phoåi, nhieãm truøng beänh vieän
• Proteus : Gaây beänh ôû 1 soá cô quan ngoaøi ruoät
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3. Caùc tröïc khuaån khoâng phaûi ñöôøng ruoät
• Vibrio :
V.cholerae : gaây beänh taû
V.parahemolyticus : tieâu chaûy gioáng taû
• Campylobacter
C.jejuni : tieâu chaûy
• Helicobacter
H.pylori : vieâm daï daøy taù traøng
• Pseudomonas
P.aeruginosa nhieãm truøng beänh vieän
• Aeromonas
A.hydrophila
A.sobria
A.caviae
Gaây tieâu chaûy
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• Haemophilus
H.influenzae : vieâm maøng naõo ôû treû em, nhieãm
truøng ñöôøng hoâ haáp ôû treû em vaø ngöôøi lôùn
H.ducreyi : beänh haï cam meàm
• Yersinia :
Y.pestis : beänh dòch haïch
Y.enterocolitica : gaây tieâu chaûy
• Legionella
L.pneumophila : gaây vieâm phoåi
• Bordetella
B.pertussis : ho gaø
• Brucella spp
Gaây beänh cho loaøi vaät coù theå gaây beänh cho ngöôøi :
nhieãm truøng ñöôøng tieâu hoùa (uoáng söõa)
Nhieãm truøng da, nieâm maïc : do tieáp xuùc vôùi vaät bò
beänh
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• Pasteurella
P.multocida
P.hemaelytica
P.pneumotropica
P.ureae
Chuû yeáu gaây beänh cho suùc vaät, coù theå laây sang ngöôøi
• Francisella
F.tularensis
F.tularemia
OÅ chöùa laø suùc vaät truyeàn sang ngöôøi do bò coân truøng
tieát tuùc caén, do tieáp xuùc vôùi vaät bò beänh …
• Bacteroides : VK thöôøng truù ôû ñöôøng hoâ haáp treân, tieâu
hoùa, ñöôøng sinh duïc nöõ gaây nhieãm truøng kî khí
(phoåi, naõo, maøng buïng, vuøng chaäu)
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• Fusobacterium : (thöïc khuaån gr(-) kî khí)
Thöôøng gaëp ôû nhöõng nhieãm truøng phoái hôïp bôûi nhöõng
VK thöôøng truù ôû nieâm maïc
III. VI KHUAÅN KHAÙNG ACID
Mycobacteria
Mycobacterium tuberculosis : beänh lao
M.leprae : beänh cuøi
IV. CAÙC LOAÏI XOAÉN KHUAÅN
Treponema
T.pallidum : beänh giang mai
Leptospira
Gaây beänh Leptospirosis
Borrelia
B.Burdorferi : beänh Lyme
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V. CAÙC VI KHUAÅN KHOÂNG ÑIEÅN HÌNH :
• Mycoplasma : (khoâng coù vaùch teá baøo)
Nhieãm truøng ñöôøng sinh duïc, ñöôøng tieåu, ñöôøng hoâ haáp
• Rickettsia
kyù sinh baét buoäc trong teá baøo, truyeàn beänh qua coân truøng
tieát tuïc
• Clamydia
C.trachomatis : beänh maét hoät, nhieãm truøng ñöôøng sinh
duïc vaø ñöôøng hoâ haáp
C.pneumoniae : vieâm phoåi
C.psittaci, A.psittacosis : vieâm phoåi
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