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Eiotjw;F Kd;……….

mstw;w mUshsDk; epfuw;w md;GilNahDkhfpa my;yh ;̀Tf;Nf vy;yhg;GfOk;. NkYk;> mtdpd; ,Wjpj; J}jh; K`k;kj; ]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk; mth;fs; kPJk;> md;dhhpd; FLk;gj;jpdh;> md;dhiu

j;elegpd;gw;wp – elf;f ,Uf;fpd;w midthpd; kPJk; my;yh ;̀tpd; rhe;jpAk;rkhjhdKk; vd;nwd;Wk; cz;lhtjhf.

“\/ghd; khjk;” vd;w ,e;j E}ypid mugpapd; %ytbtk;

‘m\;n\a;f; Riykhd; gpd; [h]ph; gpd mg;Jy; fhPk; my;-[h]ph;’vd;gth;fshy; njhFf;fg;gl;lJ. ,J rpwpa E}yhf ,Ue;jhYk; mwpagy Gjpa jfty;fis cs;slf;fpAs;sJ. cjhuzkhf : \/ghd; khjk; vd;why; vd;d? mjd; rpwg;Gf;fs; vit? mjd; eLg;gFjp njhlh;ghd `jP];fs; vit? mitfs; njhlh;ghf mwpQh;fspd; epiyg;ghLk;> khh;f;f jPh;g;Gf;fSk; vit? ,e;j \/ghdpd; eLg;gFjp ,utpy; gpj;mj;jhd nraw;ghLfis Kjd;Kjypy; cWthf;fpath;fs; ahh;? kw;Wk; cyfpd; gy;NtW ehLfspYk; ,jid vg;ngah; nfhz;L miof;fpd;whh;fs;> vd;gJld; mjid ve;j mikg;gpy; nfhz;lhLfpd;whh;fs;? ,j;jpdj;ij tpyhthf nfhz;lhLtjw;F mth;fs; Kd;itf;Fk; Mjhuq;fs; vit> mitfSf;fhd gjpy;fs; vit? vd;gitfs; khj;jpukpy;yhky; ,k;khjj;ij ukohDf;fhf ve;j mikg;gpy; rpwe;j Kiwapy; gad;gLj;jyhk; vd;w gy tplaq;fis my;Fh;Md;> Rd;dh mbg;gilapy; jdf;Nf chpa Njhuidapy; njhFj;Js;shh;.

vdNt> ,thpd; ,e;jj; njhFg;ig thrpf;ff;fpilj;jjpdhy; vd;dhYk; gy Gjpatplaq;fis njhpe;Jnfhs;s KbAkhf ,Ue;jJ. MfNt> ehd; ngw;w ,e;j gpuNahrdq;fis jkpo;nkhop NgRk; vk; r%fKk; gad;ngwNtz;Lk; vd;w Nehf;fj;jpy;@ vd; rf;jpf;F cl;gl;l tpjj;jpy;

my;yh ;̀tpd; cjtpahy;> jkpOf;F ‘nkhopahf;fk;’ nra;Js;Nsd;. ehDk;xU rhjhuz kdpjd; vd;gjhy; @ nkhopahf;fj;jpy; jtWfs; ,Wg;gpd; md;NghL Rl;bf;fhl;l Ntz;LfpNwd;.

egpath;fspd; topfhl;Ljypd; mbg;gilapy; vk; tho;it s;shfn;fJ;jkim ty;ytd; my;yh`; ek; midtUf;Fk;

mUs;ghspg;ghdhf!

cq;fs; rNfhjud;>

w]Pd; mf;gh; (kjdp)

22/04/2018

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Kd;Diu

;sf;qhe .fN;fT;̀hy;ym ;kJ;jdim ;ofG fhkar;rpe mtidNa >;khwN;dpf;ofG mtdplNk cjtp NjLfpd;Nwhk;> mtdplNk ghtkd;dpg;Gk;

NfhW .;khwN;dpf ;kJdpsf;qv >;kYkN - ;ypsfF;qPj ;dpsf;yarn ;sf;qv.;khwN;dpfLjN ;ythfJhg ;klpt;̀hy;ym ;kJ;eU, >;kYkN

my;yh`{j;jMyh vtDf;F Neh;top fhl;Lfpd;whNdh@ mtid ahuhYk; topnf ;dtm ditv >;kD;d, .JhabK ;kTf;fL topjtwr; nra;fpd;whNdh@

.JhabK ;kTl;lhfpot ;kYhuha F;fSf;htm

>yi;y, ;kUhaWtN uptj;jti;̀hy;ym ;dahe aphF;wpj;jf;fztmtd; jdpj;jtd;> mtDf;F epfuhf ahUkpy;iy vd;W ehd; rhl;rp

@;sf;htm ;ky;y]t p`yim {`hy;yy;y] ;jk;k`K >;kYkN .;dwNpfW$my;yh ;̀tpd; mbahUk;> J}jUk; Mthh;fs .;dwNpfW$ pr;lhr ;kW;dv ;

“tpRthrq; nfhz;NlhNu! ePq;fs; my;yh ;̀it – lg;gag ;gditmsf;qLg;gag bg;gwiK ab;ztN ;@ NkYk;> epr;rakhf Kw;wpYk; mtDf;Ff;

fPo;g;gbe;j) K];ypk;fshfNt jtpu ePq;fs; ,we;JtplNtz;lhk;.” (mj;jpahak; : My,k;uhd;> trdk; : 102)

“kdpjh;fNs! ePq;fs; cq;fs; ,ul;rfDf;Fg; gae;J (ele;J) uNx );kAuitha( sif;qc >;yhw;ddntafij;jv ;dtm .;sf;qS;shfn

Mj;khtpype;J gilj;jhd;@ mjpypUe;J mjw;Fhpa N[hbiaAk; gilj;jhd;@ ,d;Dk; mt;tpUthpypUe;J mNdf Mz;fisAk;> ngz;fisAk; gutr;

ti;̀hy;ym >;kD;d, @;dhj;arn – mtidf;nfhz;L (jdf;Fhpa sNf;hPwpf;shfn;fL;lfN );htUhfn;fUtUx( ;sf;qPe )sifkiphc J;jb;zJ;j( sif;qj;ehrn G;gyf ;fj;ju, ;kYkN >;kAditafij;jm

tpLtij)Ak; ePq;fs; gae;J nfhs;Sq;fs;. epr;rakhf my;yh ;̀ cq;fisf;

.;dhwpf;fU, fhdtg;gpzhf;zf ” (mj;jpahak; : me;ep]h > trdk; : 01)

“(MfNt) tpRthrq;nfhz;NlhNu! ePq;fs; my;yh`;it gae;J nfhs;Sq;fs;@ Neh;ikahd $w;iwNa $Wq;fs;. (mt;thW ePq;fs;

pj;jLg;hPr ;rF;fSf;qc sif;yarn aliSf;qc ;dtm );yhj;arn ;kYkN .;dhg;gpd;dk ;kAsif;qw;wF aliSf;qc @;dhg;gti

my;yh ;̀Tf;Fk;> mtDila J}jUf;Fk; vth; fPo;g;gbfpd;whNuh mg;NghJ

mth;> jpl;lkhf kfj;jhd ntw;wpahf ntw;wpaile;J tpl;lhh;.” (mj;jpahak; : my;m ;̀]hg; > trdk; : 70>71)

>;kYkN >;kW;dv ji;j;hht ;dpt;̀hy;ym Jj;ewpr ;ypsfji;j;hhtthopfhl;Ljypy; rpwe;jJ K`k;kJ egp ]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk; mth;fspd; topfhl ;sf;qzj}E Jl;lfn ;kTfpk ;ypsf;qalpt >;kW;dv ;yjL;

;kSf;jm;jpg J;jdim >;kFhsf;jm;jpg ;kSf;qzj}E J;jdim >;kW;dv.;kY;yrn;rL;l, F;wpfue ;kSfLfNpot J;jdim .;kFhsfLfNpot

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\ ;ky;y]t p`yim {`hy;yy;y] ;jk;k`K @Jg;dv ;kjhk ;dhg/mth;fspd; r%fj;jpd; ey;ybahh;fis eufpy ;ypj;jdtR >J;jhfJhg J;eUpEiotpf;ff;$ba khjkhfpa ukohd; khjj;jpw;F jahuhf;$ba rpwe;j

.Jw;dpf;ofpj ;jfhkjhk aphF;wpj;jg;g;hj;er

,e;j rpwpa E}ypy; @

\/ghd; khjk; vd;why; vd;d?

mjd; rpy rpwg;Gf;fs;?

,e;j khjj;jpy; gutpf;fhzg;gLk; rpy gpj;mj;jhd nraw;ghLfist .;yj;jphr;rv ;kL;lp

ab$;fhuhaj F;wpj;jjhk ;dhoku ;ky% ;dpj;jjhk j;e, ;kpy;]K Uxrpy topfhl;Ljy;fs;.

Nghd;w rpy tplaq;fisg; ghh;g;Nghk;.

hw;dv ;kLg;wV ;sfTye ;kDjNV ;ky% ;dj, y; mitfs; midj;Jk; my;yh ;̀ xUtdplkpUe;J khj;jpuNk. ,itfspy; Vw;gLk; nghLNghf;F my; ;kJ;eUpklpd;dv ;kJ;jdim ;sftiw;dhgN pjwk Jy;ym F;qPj Jyi\ ;kT;`hy;ym fhkar;rpe .;kFhjj;et ;kJ;eUpklpdhj;j > mtdJ J}jUk; ,itfspy; ,Ue;J epuguhjpfs;.

;kJPk ;sf;htm ;ky;y]t p`yim {`hy;yy;y] pge ;jk;k`Kk ;htdim ;sf;yw;dhjN;jpot ;dpsf;htm >;hhj;jg;kLF ;dphhd;dm PJk;

!fhjthl;zc ;kW;dwn;dv ;kKdhjhkr ;kApj;ehr ;dpt;̀hy;ym

,jid vOjpatd;>

mG+ mg;jph; u`;khd; Riykhd; gpd;

[h]ph; gpd; mg;Jy; fhPk; my; - [h]ph;

`p[;hp 1434 K`h;uk; khjk; 18Mk; ehs;

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\/ghd; khjk; gw;wpa mwpKfk;

\ ;ypsf;qjhk w;dpfUt ;ypg;gkim lUt ph;[p` Jg;dv ;kjhk ;dhg/u[g; khjj;jpw;Fk; ukohd; khjj;jpw;Fk; kj;jpapy; tUfpd;w vl;lhtJ khjkhFk;.

my;Fh;Md; kw;Wk; Rd;dhtpy; ,e;j khjj;ij gw;wp tUtJ :

my;Fh;Mdpy; \ fhwhk >yi;yptut ji;j;hht w;dv ;dhg/.ds;sJ;et ;sf;]Pj` yg pw;wg;gjim aNyNpthd;dR

\/ghd; vd;w ngaiuf; nfhz;L miog;gjw;fhd fhuzk; vd;d?

my;`hgpo; ,g;D `[h; w`pk`{y;yh ;̀ mth;fs; $wpdhh;fs;:

“ rn ;kjhk ;g[u l;lg;gj;jLg;gjpdG uiPz;zj ;sf;hjpdk yNpj, Fwpg w;dNjLtw;fhfNth my;yJ jhf;Ftjy;fSf;Nfh gy gphptpdh;fshf gphpthh;fs;

vd;gjhy; “\/ghd;” vd;w ngaiuf;nfhz;L ngah;R+l;lg;gl;lJ.”(1)

\/ghd; khjj;jpd; rpwg;Gf;fs;

1- ,e;j khjj;jpNy nraw;ghLfs; my;yh ;̀tplk; cah;j;jg;gLfpd;wd :

c]hkh gpd; i]j; wopay;yh`{ md;`{ mth;fs; $wpdhh;fs; :my;yh ;̀tpd; J}juth;fNs! ePq;fs; Vd;; kw;w khjq;fistpl \/ghd; khjj;jpy; mjpfkhd ;dpf;zhf ;dhe jig;wheN G;dheN Nwd;> vd;W tpdtpNdd;. mjw;F egp ]y;yyh`{ miy`p t]y;yk; mth;fs; :

‘ ;dhj;ypj;jjhk;k, mfpyj;jpd; ;sf;yarn ;ypj;jlpdfr;lu,cah;j;jg;gLfpd;wd. vdNt> vd;Dila nray; ehd; Nehd;ghspahf

,Uf;fpd;w epiyapy; cah;j;jg;gLtij tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;’ vd;W $wpdhh;fs;.(2)

2- ,jpNy egpath;fs; mjpfkhf Nehd;G Nehw;wpUf;fpd;whh;fs; :

;arn Tpjg ;ypsf;qj;eupf ;kpy;]K ;kW;wk phh`G ag;gl;l `jP]hf> Map\h wopay;yh`{ md;`h mth;fs; mwptpf;fpd;whh;fs; :

1 ) gj;`{y; ghhp : (04/213) 2 ) Mjhuk; : me;e]h< (2357) w;dv hd;dpk ;yKhkj Jdj ;sf;htm pdhg;ym ;khk, >

.;sf;hhw;dpf;dv ;d]` ]iPj` j;e, ;ypj;jf;fg ;kM214 ;dpy}E

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“ pge F;fTskW$ ;sf;qhe W;dv ;sf;hhl;lhk tNlpt gi;dheN )pd,(]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk; mth;fs; Nehd;G Nehw;ghh;fs;. (,dp)

gi;dheN F;fTskW$ ;sf;qhe W;dv ;sf;hhl;lhk tNf;wheN G;dheNhtLptL;lpt h;fs;> ukohidj; jtpu Ntnwe;j khjj;jpYk; KO khjKk; egp

]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk; mth;fs; Nehd;G Nehw;wij ehd; .yi;ypjj;j;hhg \ fhkfpjm );kYpj;jjhk j;ewntN( uptj ;ypj;jjhk ;dhg/

ypjj;j;hhg ;dhe jiw;wheN G;dheN ;sf;htm ;iy.”(3)

kw;nwhU mwptpg;gpy; : “egp ]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk; mth;fs; \ jiw;wheN G;dheN ;kYpj;jjhk j;ewntN fhkfpjm lptji;jjhk ;dhg/

ehd; ghh;j;jjpy;iy> \/ghd; KOtJkhf Nehd;G Nehw;ghh;fs;.”(4)

kw;WnkhU mwptpg;gpy; : “(egpath;fs;) \ j;ewntN uptj ;jdihg/khjj;jpYk; mjpf ehl;fs; Nehd;G Nehw;w jl;zf ;dhe ji py;iy. \/ghd;

.;sf;hhwpf;fUpw;wheN G;dheN ;sf;htm ;kJtOK ;kjhk \/ghdpy; rpy

ehl;fs; kl;Lk; .;sf;hhwpf;fU, ;kW;wheN G;dheN ”(5)

\/ghdpd; filrpg;gFjpapy; Nehd;G Nehw;gJ rk;ge;jkhd rl;lk;

{`;dm {`hy;yapow ui{`+Gm ;ypsf;qj;eupf ;kpy;]K ;kW;wk phh`G

mth;fs; mwptpj;jjhf tUtJ @ “egp ]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk; mth;fs; $wpdhh;fs; : ukohDf;F Kjy; ehSk; mjw;F Kjy; ehSk; cq;fspy; vtUk; Nehd;G Nehw;ff; $lhJ> me;ehl;fspy; tof;fkhf

G;dheN ;ypshe;em ;yhj;ekim Wht;tm .uptj ;yhj;ekim G;dheN ;kF;wheN

Nehw;fyhk;.”(6)

,khk; me;ettP w`pk`{y;yh ;̀ mth;fs; $wpdhh;fs; : “ukohDf;F Kjy; ehSk; mjw;F Kjy; ehSk; cq;fspy; vtUk; Nehd;G Nehw;ff; $lhJ> me;ehl;fspy; tof;fkhf Nehw;Fk; Nehd;G mike;jhy; jtpu.

.;khyf;wheN G;dheN ;ypshe;em ;yhj;ekim Wht;tm ” vd;w egpath;fspd; $w;wpy;@ ukohid tuNtw;Fk; Kfkhf mjw;F XH;-,U ehl;fSf;F Kd;gjhf Nehd;G Nehw;gJ jLf;fg;gl;l tplak; vd;gJ njspthf tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. mJTk; toikahf Nehd;G Nehw;Fk; gof;fKilatiuj;jtpu.

3 ) Mjhuk; : G`hhp (1969) > K];ypk; (1156) 4 ) Mjhuk; : G`hhp (1970) 5 ) Mjhuk; : K];ypk; (1156) 6 ) Mjhuk; : G`hhp (1914) > K];ypk; (1082)

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mg;gbapy;yhky; Jg;wheN G;dheN fhkfK ;kF;f;hrN ;dlDhokujLf;fg;gl;ljhFk;.(7)

mk;khh; gpd; ah]ph; wopay;yh`{ md;`{ mwptpj;jjhf RdDj;

jph;kpjpapy; gjpTnra;ag;gl;ljpy; : “egp ]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk; @ ;sf;hhj;jptpwm ;sf;htm kf;fs; re;Njfkhf fUJk; jpdj;jpy; ahh; Nehd;G

Nehw;fpd;whNdh> epr;rakhf mtd; mGy; fh]pkhd K`k;kj; ]y;yy;yh`{

miy`p t]y;yk; mth;fSf;F khWnra;Jtpl;lhd;.”(8)

,g;D `[h; w`pk`{y;yh ;̀ mth;fs; $wpdhh;fs; : ,e;j `jP]pd; dhkhu` Jg;dv Jg;dheN G;dheN ;ypsf;lhe aphF;wpj;jfjN;er ;ky%

(jLf;fg;gl;l)J vd;gjw;F Mjhukhf vLf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. Vnddpy;> ]`hgp ,jid jd; nrhe;j fUj;jhf $wtpy;iy. vdNt> ,J egpath;fs; tiu cah;j;jg;gl;l xU fUj;jhf cs;sJ.(9)

re;Njf ehs; vd;gJ@ Nkf%l;lNkh my;yJ mitfs; Nghd;w fhuzj;jpdhy; \ yi;yptlg;djn wipg ;ypj;jdpj JtM03 ;dpdhg/

;kUhg;kUgn ;kdpj;jm >;kYkN .;kFhjg;dv \ ;kTfhkdpj JtM03 ;dpdhg/ ;khyf;fU, ;kTfhkdpj ;yjK ;dpdhoku Jy;ym ;khyf;fU, vd;gjdhy;

jhd; mj;jpdj;ij re;Njfj;jpw;Fhpa ehs; vd;W $wg;gLfpd;wJ. vdNt> toikahf Nehd;G Nehw;W tUgthpd; Nehd;G ,j;jpdj;jpy; mikAnkd;why; mtiuj; jtpu kw;wth;fs; Nehd;G Nehw;gJ (`uhk;) jLf;fg;gl;ljhFk;.

re;Njf jpdj;jpy; Nehd;G Nehw;gJ gw;wp ,khk; ettP w`pk`{y;yh ;̀ mth;fs; $wpdhh;fs; :

xUtUila toikahf tUlk; KOtJk; Nehd;G Nehw;gJ my;yJ xUehs; tpl;L xUehs; Nehd;G Nehw;gJ my;yJ jpq;fs; jpdj;ijg;Nghy;

psfpzuhf w;dhgN Jg;wheN G;dheN ;ypj;jdpj l;lpg;gpwF dhy;@ cghpahd Nehd;G Nehd;gth; ,j;jpdj;ij Kfk;nfhLg;ghh; vd;why;

;ypjm >;kFhjdhkFM Jg;wheN G;dheN ;ypj;jdpj;j, uitj;jUhgn;guitmve;jtpj Kuz;ghLfSk; fpilahJ. ,jw;F Mjhukhf mG+`{iuuh

wopay;yh`{ md;`{ mth;fspd; `jP]; Mjhukhf cs;sJ : “ukohDf;F Kjy; ehSk; mjw;F Kjy; ehSk; cq;fspy; vtUk; Nehd;G Nehw;ff; $lhJ> me;ehl;fspy; tof;fkhf Nehw;Fk; Nehd;G mike;jhNy jtpu.

.;khyf;wheN G;dheN ;ypshe;em ;yhj;ekim Wht;tm ” (10) mg;gb ve;jtpj fhuzKk; ,y;yhky; Nehd;G Nehw;gJ (`uhk;) jLf;fg;gl;ljhFk;.(11)

7 ) \u`{d; ettP myh K];ypk; : (07/194) 8 ) Mjhuk; : mj;jph;kpjP (686) 9 ) gj;`{y; ghhp : (04/120) 10 ) Mjhuk; : G`hhp (1914) > K];ypk; (1082) 11 ) my;k[;%/ \u`{y; K`e;jg; : (06/400) (rpy khw;wq;fSld;)

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m\;n\a;f; ,g;D ci]kPd; w`pk`{y;yh ;̀ mth;fs; $wpdhh;fs; : mwpQh;fs; kj;jpapy; ,j;jil vd;gJ jLf;fg;gl;l jilah? my;yJ ntWf;fg;gl;l jilah? vd;gjpy; fUj;JNtWghLfs; epyTfpd;wd. MfNt> mjpy; rhpahdJ jLf;fg;gl;l jilahFk;. Vnddpy;> mJjhd; re;Njfj;jpw;Fhpa jpdkhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. mk;khh; ,g;D ah]ph;

w`pk`{y;yh ;̀ mth;fs; $wpdhh;fs; : “kf;fs; re;Njfkhf fUJk; jp ;ypj;jdahh; Nehd;G Nehw;fpd;whNdh epr;rakhf mtd; mGy; fh]pkhd K`k;kj;

]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk; mth;fSf;F khWnra;Jtpl;lhd;.”(12)

Mjyhy;> ,jd; mbg;gilapy; toikahf Nehd;G Nehw;W tUgtidj;jtpu kw;wth;fs; ukohDf;F xU jpdj;jpw;Nfh my;yJ ,U jpdq;fSf;F Kd;Ngh Nehd;G Nehw;gJ MFkhdjy;y. ,d;Dk;> \/ghdpd; 30 Mk; jpd ,utpy; Nkf%l;lj;jpdhNyh my;yJ kioapd; fhuzkhfNth

;ypj;jdpj aphF;wpj;jfjN;er j;em ;yhj;eUpw;dv ;kLg;gf;fLj JtLg;djn wipgNehd;G Nehw;gJ $lhJ. Vnddpy;> egp ]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;

mth;fs; $wpdhh;fs; : “gpiwia pg >;sf;qAti G;dheN J;j;hhg ;g iwiag;

gi;dheN J;j;hhg tpLq;fs;.”(13)

vd;whYk; \/ghdpd; eLg;gFjpf;Fg;gpwF Nehd;G Nehw;gij jLg;gjhf tuf;$ba `jPi] nghUj;jtiu pj ;khk, ;sf;htm Pjpk;h -`]d; ]`P ;̀-

`m ;khk, .;kFh]Pj` dhkdPtyg Jm ;kYhdpw$ W;dv ;kj; mth;fs;

$wpdhh;fs; : mJ ‘]hj;’ tifiar; rhh;e;jjhFk;. Vnddpy; mJ>

egpath;fspd; $w;whd “ukohDf;F Kjy; ehSk; mjw;F Kjy; ehSk;

cq;fspy; vtUk; Nehd;G Nehw;ff; $lhJ” vd;w mgP`{iu wopay;yh`{ dhzuK F;wpg;gptpwm ;dpsf;htm {`;dm jhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. mjpy;

tpsq;FtJ vd;dntd;why; ukohDf;F %d;W> ehd;F> gj;J jpdq;fSf;F Kd;dh; Nehd;G Nehw;gJ MFkhdjhFk;.

(\/ghdpd; eLg;gFjpf;F gpd;dh; Nehd;G Nehw;gJ $lhJ) vd;w >;kYhl;zhfn;fJ;jti W;dv Jdhkt;h+GuhjM >;]Pj` j;et L;lg;gf;fLj

me;jj; jil vd;gJ `uhkhdJ my;y khwhf toikahf Nehd;G Nehd zhfn;fpj;jLg;gf;fog jig; ;lt uitj;jUhgn ;gdi \/ghdpd;

;dhjJg;dheN ;sf;htw;wk >;yhdM .;khyf;wheN G;dheN ;kFwpg F;fpjFg;gLentWf;fj;jf;fJ vd;gijN .;sf;hhs;sJ;jLv ;sf;HQpwm ypr a

12 ) Mjhuk; : mj;jph;kpjP (686) 13 ) Mjhuk; : G`hhp (1909) > K];ypk; (1081)

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vdNt> ,e;j mbg;gilapy; \/ghdpy; Nehd;G Nehw;gJ rk;ge;jkhf %d;W gphpTfs; cs;sd:

1- eLg;gFjpf;Fg;gpwF 28 Mk; jpdk; tiu Nehd;G Nehw;gJ @ ahh; toikahf Nehd;G Nehw;gij gof;fkhf;fpf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;whNuh mtiuj;jtpu kw;wth;fSf;F mJ ntWf;fj;jf;fJ. vd;whYk; ,f;fUj;J@ .Jl;lg;gwgn ;ypalig;gbm w;dv Jdhkt;h+GuhjM ;]Pj`

hjg;dv ;kdPtyg ;]Pj` j;e, ;klpsf;htm ;jk;̀m ;khk, ;kD;d, y;> ,thpd; epiyg;ghL ntWf;fj;jf;fjy;y vd;gjhFk;.

2- ukohDf;F XH - ,U jpdq;fSf;F Kd;dh; Nehd;G Nehw;gJ> tioahf Nehd;G Nehw;gij gof;fkhf;fpf; nfhz;ltidj; jtpu kw;wth;fSf;F (`uhk;) jLf;fg;gl;ljhFk;.

3- re;Njfj;jpw;Fhpa ehspy; Nehd;G Nehw;gJ nghJthf (`uhk;) jilahFk;. Vnddpy;> egp ]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk; mth;fs;@

Nf;wheN G;dheN ;ypshe aphF;wpj;jfjN;er tz;lhk; vd;W .;sf;hhs;sJ;arnlij (14)

14 ) \u`{ hpahS]; ]hyp`Pd; : (05/282)

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\/ghdpd; eLg;gFjp ,uT

KjyhtJ : mjd; rpwg;G @

my;yh`{j;jMyh u[gpd; eLg;gFjp ,uit rpwg;G kpf;f ,uthf itj;jpUf;fpd;whd;. mjpNy mtd ;kAsifG;glig J;jdim Jdj ;vl;bg;ghh;j;J> mth;fSila ghtq;fis kd;dpf;fpd;whd;. Mdhy;> my;yh ;̀Tf;F ,izitg;gtidAk;> xUtDf;Fk; kw;wtDf;Fk; kj;jpapy;

Jdj ;dshg;gtizi, >;kYhw;dv .uptj ;kAdijpdk ;kF;fU, ;kjhuNF,izitg;gpypUe;J tpLgl;L my;yh ;̀it xUikg;gLj;Jfpd;w NghJ>

;kUtU, L;lpt ji;jjhuNF ;dj ;djpdk j;eUb;zhfn ;kjhuNFxd;WgLfpd;wNghJ mth;fspd; ghtq;fisAk; my;yh`; kd;dpf;fpd;whd;.

,jid ,khk; ,g;D kh[h mth;fs; jdJ Rdd; vd;w E}ypy; mgP%]h my;m\;mhP wopay;yh`{ md;`{ mth;fs; mwptpf;Fk; `jP]py; :

egp ]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk; mth;fs; $wpdhh;fs; @ “epr;rakhf my;yh`{j;jMyh \ Jdj yNpjm >J;j;hhg;gb;lv ;yptu, pjFg;gLe ;dpdhg/gilg;gpdq;fspd; ghtq;fis kd;dpf;fpd;whd;. vd;whYk;> ,izitg;ghsidAk;> xU kdpjd; ,d;ndhU kdpjDld;; FNuhjk;

.uptj ;kAditg;gUb;zhfn ”(15)

my;yh ;̀tpd; jpUg;nghUj;jj;ijAk; > Rtdj;ijAk; tpUk;Ggtd; @ jdf;Fk;> ;dj ;kF;fdj Jy;ym F;wptwc u}J ;kW;wk apf;qUen F;fdjez;gDf;Fk; my;yJ jdf;Fk; NtW ve;j kdpjDf;Fk; kj;jpapy;

.;kL;ll;lheyipe aipjkim pf;fhgN siftim ;yhj;eU, ;sf;qjhuNFmNjNghd; i, Jy;ym ;yhfN Jy;ym ;kwG Jy;ym b;lt W ;kW;wk ;sfr

;yj;jLkptrn ;sf;ylhg Nghd;w ,d;Ndhud;d midj;J ghtq;fis tpl;Lk; .Jw;dpf;fU, fhkg;g;hj;er Ux ;kF;lfN G;gpd;dkthg

\ JtF;qzt W;dpe Jy;ym G;dheN tiu, pjFg;gLe ;dpdhg/ ;sf;qhe >;ypddnV .y;yjdhkFM Jg;gpg;gwpr L;zhfn;fsif;qalpt w;dhgN

mwpe;jtiuapy; egp ]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk; mth;fNsh mth;fspd; cw;w Njhoh;fNsh me;j ,uit ,g;gbahd nraw;ghLfisf;nfhz;L rpwg;gpf;fTkpy;iy> mg;gb nra;jjhf ve;jtpj epfo;TfSk; cWjpahdjhf ,y;iy.

;kL;lhjn ;jsif;htm {`;dm {`hy;yapow pym fhkuhjM F;wj,;sf;hhw;dpfW$ yitfj w;wkuhjM Ux > egp ]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p

t]y;yk; mth;fs; $wpdhh;fs; : “\/ghdpd; eLg;gFjp ,uthdhy;> mjd; .;sf;qAbpg ;kG;dheN ;ypjOhgn ;yfg ;djm ;dlJtF;qzt W;dpe tiu,

15 ) Mjhuk; : ,g;D kh[h (1390) ;sf;htm Pdhg;ym ;khk, dij,> ‘ /pkh[ ;y{P̀`] ’ vd;w fpue;jj;jpy; (1819) .;sf;hhs;sL;lpg;gpwF W;dv Jdhd]`

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epr;rakhf my;yh`{j;jMyh me;j ehspd; R+hpad; kiwtpw;Fg; gpd;dh; Nha J;et ;yhg;ypj;jdht s;sc ;ypakihfUm F;fpk+G G;gpd;dkthg ;kDu

sif;qthg aliUtm ?hayi;y, ;sf;htg;lfN kd;dpf;fpd;Nwd;. (NkYk;) tho;thjhuj;ij Ntz;Lgth;fs; ,y;iyah? mtDila tho;thjhuj;ij toq;f fhj;Jf;nfhz;bUf;fpd;Nwd;. (NkYk;) Neha;tha;g;gl;ltd; ahUkpy;iyah? mtDf;F MNuhf;fpaj;ij nfhLf;fTs;Nsd;. (NkYk;) ,g;gb ,g;gbahdth;fs; ,y;iyah? vd;W mjpfhiyapy; R+hpad; cjakhFk;

tiu $wpf;nfhz;Nl ,Ug;ghd;.”(16) ,r;nra;jp ,l;Lf;fl;lg;gl;l nra;jpahf ,Uf;fpd;wdJ.

,uz;lhtJ : \/ghdpd; eLg;gFjp ,uit nfhz;lhLjy;(17) :

mjd; fhyk; :

\/ghd; khj;jpd; 15 MtJ ,uit rpy kdpjh;fs; mjid xU nfhz;lhl ,uthf ypr pw;wg ;ggi;gwpr ;dptu, j;em >;ypddnV .;sf;hhs;sApf;mwptpg;Gf;fs; te;Js;sd vd;w mbg;gilapdhyhFk;. (vd;whYk;) me;j

;ypapj;jk ;sf;hQpwm fhg;hlhjn ;sf;]Pj` (fUj;J) Nkhjy;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. m iftim >;;hds;sc ;kSf;htapw$ W;dv Jdhkt;h+GuhjM sifti s gytPdkhf;fpath;fSk; cs;sdh;.

,e;j ,utpd; rpwg;G –Mjhukhdjhf ,Ue;jhYk;- nghJthfNth> rpyNtis Fwpg;ghfNth ,e;j gpj;mj;jpd; ghuJ}uj;ij mwpahky; ,jid nfhz;lhlf;$ba xU rpwg;Gj;jpdkhf vLj;Jf;nfhs;tjw;F mtrpakpy;iy. vd;whYk;> mth;fs; ,e;j ,uit nfhz;lhlf;$ba xU ngUehshf

;sf;hhs;sJ;jtipf;fM j;jphfPf;qm ;khy;], >;sf;htm yNpj, . >;sf;qfhjN;er ab$;flg;gj;jLg;gpstn W;dhgN;gsif;lheUgn

tpisahl;Lf;fs; Nghd;witfis ntspf;fhl;Lfpwhh;fs;. Mjyhy; ,t;tpuT njspTgLj;jg;glNtz;ba gpj;mj;jhd nfhz;lhl;l tiffspy; xd;whf ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

Kjd;Kjypy; \/ghdpd; eLg;gFjp ,uit gpj;mj;jhd fhkdpj;jl;lhl;zhfn Fwpg;ghf mwpKfg;gLj;jpath;fs; (neUg;G %l;b)

“guhkpfhf;fs;” Mthh;fs;.

my;`hgpo; mGy; fj;jhg; ,g;D j`pa;ah mth;fs; $wpdhh;fs; : ;sf;htj;e;hzhfn;fpstn dijm ;kW;wk ;sfpjht;jm;jpg apf;fhtWc dij,

jq;fis rl;lkpaw;Wgth;fs; vd;W ngah; R+l;bf;nfhz;lhh;fs;. yNpjm ;kYkN

16 ) Mjhuk; : ,g;D kh[h/ > ,khk; )492( h[hk D;g, ;g<o ;sf;htm Pdhg;ym kw;Wk; hg<o;om ;]Pjh`m ;yJyp];yp] (2132) Nghd;w E}y;fspy; gyfPdkhdJ vd;W

.;sf;hhs;sApw$ 17 ) 2 : ;kf;fg > h`;dpk ;khy;], ;yGpf;tk t h]j;`K;ym ;jha/m;ym 10 kw;Wk;

.);dlSf;qw;whk ypr( ;kFwpg ;gF;wjm

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me;j gpj;mj;thjpfs;;> sifwiKpot ;dpsf)pf;qzt G;gUen( p]{[k ;dlJapw;wg;dpg mth;fSila (J}a ,];yhkpa) khh;f;fj;ij mth;fshfNt

.;sf;hhl;zhfn;fJ;jLv ;kTfhl;lhasipt ;kTfhzPt \/ghdpd; eLg;gFjpapy; neU JtF;qzt W;dpe ;ypjm Jy;ym htNfhkj;eg;kr JtL;l% G;grk;ge;jkhfNth egp ]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk; mth;fisj; njhl;Nlh

dhkt;h+GuhjM jptj;ev hlN;lhjn;jsif;hshg;gptpwm dhaki;zc Jy;ymm .yi;yptut ;kSf;fG;gptpwm \;\hPM my;K`;kjpa;ah (K`k;kjpd;

,];yhkpa rl;lj;)jpy; ,g;gbahd gpj;mj;fis cUthf;fpaJ@ neUg;G .;sfpf;qzt G;gUen ;kF;fphjM ji;jf;f;hhk ;dpsf)p]{[k( pf;qzt

,r;nraw;ghL Kjd;Kjyhf eilngw;wJ guhkpf;fhf;fspd; fhyj;jpyhFk;. mth;fs;jhd; neUg;G tzf;fj;j ;ypj;jhy;], siflig;gbm ;dpcl;GFj;jpath;fshth;.(18)

\PMr; rhaYila K`k; ;dtg;dv ;gpyhf +Gm ;gy` ;dpg Pym ;dpg ;jkKjd;Kjypy; \/ghdpd; eLg;gFjpia tpj;jpahrkhd ,dpg;Gg;gz;lq;fs; %ykhf gz;bifj; jpd ntspg;ghLfis cUthf;fpatdhthd;. >;kYkNmtd; mg;gh]pa Ml;rpf;fhy mikr;rh; vd;gJk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.(19)

,jd; ntspg;ghLfs; :

xU r%fj;jpypUe;J ,d;ndhU r%fj;jpw;Fk;> xU fhyj;jpypUe;J ,d;ndhU fhyj;jpw;Fk; Vw;whw;Nghy; \/ghd; eLg;gFjp nfhz;lhl;l ntspg;ghLfs; tpj;jpahrg;gLfpd;wd.

;ypsf;yahtps;sg >;sf;yj;eg;gPj >;sfpj;j;htFOkn ;ypj;jyhf g;kuMjk Ux ;ky% ;djg;gtiw;wg ;sfF;fspt j;jd;ikia ntspg;gLj;jf;$bajhf

l;lg;gzhf ;kl;lhl;zhfn j;e, J. ,e;j ,utpy; tzf;fj;jpw;fhTk;> fhf;wjtL;l%fghQ ti;̀hy;ym Tk; vd;W kf;fs; xd;W$Lfpwhh;fs;.

uitj;jUhgn sifprhthf;fk .;sf;hhg;gprphj ;kAsifU;gf J;j;hrN ;dlDjm.;sf;hhj;eU, fhsf;htgWaNpstn fhf;fThu;kc ;sf;htm (20) rpy

re;jh;g;gq;fspy; ;sF;fSf;qg;kLF ,ijtpl rw;W tphpthf@ ,e;j jpdj;jpy; ,dpg;Gg;gz;lq;fSk;> mJNghd;witfSk; gfpug;gLtJld;> czT

m >;yj;jkir yq;fhuq;fis ntspg;gLj;jy; Nghd;w nraw;ghLfSk; eilngw;wd.(21)

18 ) ;]pjht`;yt /jpg ;yphhf;d, Pg ;]p`hg;ym - yp mgP \hkh – (gf;fk; : 52) > my;mkh; gpy; ,j;jpgh, te;e`;A mdpy; ,g;jpjh, - pj+A{];]m ;khk, – (gf;fk; : 177-179). 19 ) my;gpjhah td;dp`hah (05/12)> K/[Ky; mthapy; - f ;`pyh] ;jhtG pjpehy

.;dhl;lg;gs;shfn ;y, 704.p` ;hr;rkim j;e, >505:;kf;fg ;jpa;a]n;]m 20 ) my;`{jj; :(02/392>436) (04/ hj}Jg D;g, Jy;`ph > )443 (gf;fk; : 165) > ,j;MYy;

20( P]Ph;fk ;ychgd{` /90>102). 21 ) ,f; 20( : ;kPfj;]K ;yjhup];]m chopj /628).

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fW;gf ;sf;kpy;]K apj;e, ypr >Jg;gtiw;wg ;sfpj;j;htFOkn JPk ;dpsG+f;fs; NghLtJ> nrd;w \ ;kdpj awi;dm aliSf;htm ;kf;flhjn ;dhg/tiu kuzpj;jth;fspd; ngah;fis gjpTnra;tJ> ,dpg;Gg;gz;lq;fs; jahhpg;gJ> jd; fztid ,oe;j ngz;fs; mth;fspd; fztd;fSf;F vd;W mth;fs; ;sf;hhg;gUb;zhfn;fJ;jhf J;jkir tizc ;kG;kUpt > Vnddpy; mj;jpdj;jpy; mtSila fztdpd; caph; tUk; vd;w nfhs;ifapyhFk;@ ,g;gbg;gl;l nraw;ghLfSk; eilngw;wd.(22)

nkhNuhf;Nfh gFjpapy; R+gpf; nfhs;ifapy; %o;fpath;fs;@ ,e;j \/ghdpd; eLg;gFjp ,uit kpfTk; fhprid fhl;Lfpwhh;fs;. Vnddpy;> ,e;j ,utpy; jhd; kdpjh;fspd; tpjp eph;zapf;fg;gLtjhfTk;> me;j eph;zaj;jpy;

dv .;sf;hhw;dpfG;ke ;kTfhjg;gU, F;qg Ux F;fSf;dp[ Nt> jdJ tpUk;gq;fspd; Njitfis cWjpg;gLj;jTk;> my;yJ ePf;fTk;> my;yJ nraw;ghLfspy; ntw;wpia Ntz;lTk;> my;yJ NtWgad;fis ngw;Wf;nfhs;sTk; [pd;fspd; murh;fsplk; t]Pyh NjLtJ mtrpakhdJ vd cWjp w;dpfJUf ;ffhkl;lhl;zhfn >tNfM .;sf;hhwpfG;ke fha

,t;tpuit ‘iyyJy; jh;jgh’ vd;w ngaiuf; nfhz;L miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,e;j ,utpy; mth;fsplk; %d;W gbj;juq;fs; cs;sd :

KjyhtJ : >;yjLpapyg;gJ;jWm fhf;wpd;dp[ li;lM;zM wpe G;gUfnky;ypir rq;fPjq;fSld; Nkyjhsq;fs; t .;yj;jprh

,uz;lhtJ : $l;lhf cl;rhfk; ngw jahuhFk; nghUl;L jhsj;ij cah;j;Jk; gbj;juk;.

%d;whtJ : $l;L cl;rhfk; gyKiwfspy; te;jilAk;> mJ eldjhsj;Jld; Muk;gpj;J> gbg;gbahf cl;rhrj;Jld; KOcliyAk; tiyf;ff;$ba mirthFk;> nkd;ikahf ,Ue;jJ mth;fis Ml;litf;Fk;.(23)

vfpg;J ;kW;wk \ pt ;ypsfLhe w;dhgN ;kh ohthff;nfhz;lhlg;gLk;. fhg;hhr ;htm Jy;ym hyNpakiyij ;dphtyij;jL;lhe ;;ypj;jdpj;j, b;lhgN;gR;rgN ;ypsf;yahtps;sg aphgn hyNpg;gpzhf;zf ;dphtUx

apwpr yNpjm ;kD;d, .;kLg;gj;jhle – J;eui, ;kW;wk ;sfuic aphgnNtz;Ljy;> my;Fh; e ;sftiw;dhgN ;yjJX J;j;hhg diM ilngWk;.(24)

tiyFil ehLfisg; nghUj;jtiu@ \/ghdpd; eLg;gFjp ,utpy; jq;fspd; $l;L fyhr;rhu ghuk;ghpa th fhkjpt ;kJ;jLg;gpstn sifdiz;tpo dhka;ygupg >;kSf;fL;lhasipt J;jOv >tNdv .;kLg;glhl;zhfnh

22 ) j`;jPUy; K pdPj;jpg /jpg ;yt ,hjpj;g, ;ypdm ;dPkpy;] – Pkhj +Gm ;h;[` D;g,py(gf;fk; : 282). 23 ) 321 : ;kf;fg( ;gph/k ;ypg ha;aph;`p];]m ;]$J;jt ;jhjfj/K;ym -127). 24 ) tiyjsk; : n[hPjJy; gpjhc m];]{hpa;ah fedaa.alwehda.gov > tiyjsk; :

;ypy hk;kM ;yJm`i ,];jp/khyhj; gp kp];u www2.sis.gov.

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13

ghly;fSk; tpohtpy; fye;jpUf;Fk;. Mjyhy;> tiyFil ehLfspd;

,e;epfo;Tfis ‘ wiJ;jfpzt ;kW;wk hyW;wR ’ ,jid xOq;FgLj;Jtjpy; <LgLk;.

fj;jhhpy; \/ghdpd; eLg;gFjp ,uit ‘iyyJe; ehgpyh’ vd;W >hapghy];]m >;jPyhyg;ym >;]Ph`;ym yNpjm .;sf;hhg;goim

sffitTzc dhka;ygupg w;dhgN ;]+G;fk;ym >;]Pg`;ym >;jhkfiY;ym ; ;kF;fSf;hdptwc >;kF;fUhl;lPtli;zm >;kF;fUhj;jg;kLF

gfph;e;jspf;fg;gLk;.

dhsf;fL;lhasipt F;fhgNJOhgn aphg;kuhg yNpj;jdpj;j, >;kYkN w;dhgN ;sfki;khgn >;dui >;hyhuN >J;eg;guf >;dyihfN

tpisahl;Lf;fspd;ghy; rpWth;fs; xd;W Nrh;thh;fs;.

mj;Jld; fg;gy; fl;Ljy;> iffhy; vLf;fg;gl;l fk;gspE}y; Nghd;w ifj;njhopy; cUthf;fq;fs; fhl;rpg;gLj;Jtjpd; %yk; epiwTngUk;.

,d;Dk; rpWth;fs; ghuk;ghpa ghly;fs; rpyij ghLthh;fs; : cjhuzkhf :

;dhtF;qot ;kF;fSf;qv ;`hy;ym ;kAjiapf;qot F;fSf;qc

fprphj ji;jayM ;dpt;`hy;ym s;sc ;ypthf;fk dhg;gpshg;sUm f; ;

uhr;rhyf aphg;kuhg dhakiog ;ypj;jdpj;jm ;sf;htm ;kD;d,Milfis mzpthh;fs;. cjhuzkhf : rhhp> G+f;fs; nfhz;l Mil. ;kW;wkrpWth;fs; xU tifj;njhg;gp> rl;il Nghd;wtw;iw mzpthh;fs;. ,d;Dk; mr;rpWth;fs; tPLfis Rw;wpath;fshf ,dpg;Gg;gz;lq;fisAk;> md;gspg;Gf;fisAk; Nrfhpg;ghh;fs;.

Lghapy; ‘`f;Fy; iyyh’ vd;W $wg;gLk;. mjpNy rpWth;fs; Gjpa Milfis mzpthh;fs;> ,dpg;Gg;gz;lq;fis Njbath;fshf tPLfis

.;sf;hhtLhg g;kUpj;jg;kUpj sif;ylhg ;kYkN >;sf;hhtUtpw;wR

g ;̀iudpy; ‘iyyJd; eh]pgh’ vd;W $wg;gLk;.

Fitj;jpy; ‘fh;fPMd;’ vd;W $wg;gLk;.

Xkhdpy; ‘my;fud;f\;th’ vd;W $wg;gLk;. ,e;j ehLfspYk; fit uNx ;ykhy;ypkrhapj;jpt fpjm ;kYpsfLhe j;jpk;zm sifti, ahd

nraw;ghLfNs ntspg;gLfpd;wd.(25)

,d;Dk; tiyFlhtpYs;s \Pahf;fisg; nghUj;jkl;by; mth;fs; ,t;tpuit kpfTk; ftdk; nrYj;Jfpwhh;fs;. vdNt> mjpy; mth;fs; gu];guk; xUtUf;F xUth; tho;j;Jf;fisAk;> ed;khuhaq;fisAk;

25 ) tiyjsk; : n[hPjJy; gahd; my;,khuhjpa;ah www.albayan.ar/servlet/satellite

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ghpkhw;wpf;nfhs;tJld;> gu];guk; xUtiu xUth; jhprpj;Jf;nfhs;thh;fs;. ,d;Dk; mth;fspd; tPLfis Rw;wptUk; rpWth;fSf;F ghpRfis toq;Fthh;fs;. mj;Jld; ,e;j ,utpy; mth;fs; vjph;ghh;f;Fk; k`;jpapd; gpwe;j jpdj;ijAk; Qhgfg;gLj;Jthh;fs;.(26)

\/ghdpd; eLg;gFjp ,uit nfhz;lhl;lkhf vLj;Jf;nfhs;tjpd; rl;lk;

;jl;lhl;zhfn ji;jdpj;j, yhfg;kuM jit;shfn;fJ;jLv fhkdpj yhfdPte ;kW;wk mwpQh;fs; Guf;fzpj;Js;shh;fs;.

,g;D]; ]yh`; w`pk`{y;yh ;̀ mth;fs; $wpdhh;fs; : ((\/ghdpd; eLg;gFjp ,uitg; nghUj;jtiu mjw;F rpwg;Gf;fs; cs;sd. kw;Wk; mj;jpdj;ij tzf;fj;ijf;nfhz;L caph;gpg;gJ tpUk;gj;jf;fJ. vd;whYk; jdpg;gl;l hPjpapdhyhFk; khwhf $l;LKiwapy; my;y. kf;fs; me;j ,uit mjpfkhd ed;ikfs; juf;$ba xU rPrdhf vLj;Jf;nfhs;tJ ntWf;fj;jf;f gpj;mj;jhFk;. >;kF;fSftijN ;dpsf;qj ;yptu, j;em >;kYkNtof;fq;fSf;Fk; mjpfkhd neUg;Gfis %l;LtJ Nghd;w nraw;ghLfs; ,];yhkpa rl;l .;kFhlhg;warn dhlhg;zuK F;wpj;j ))(27)

n\a;`{y; ,];yhk; ,g;D ijkpa;ah u`pk`{y;yh ;̀ mth;fs; $wpdhh;fs;: ((\/ghd; eLg;gFjpapy; Nehd;G gpbg;gjw;F ve;jtpj mbg;gil MjhuKk; fpilahJ. khwhf mj;jpdj;jpy; khj;jpuk; Nehd;G Nehw;gJ ntWf;fj;jf;fjhFk;. mNjNghd;W mj;jpdj;ij czTfs; rikf;ff;$ba xU rpwg;Gg; jpdkhf vLj;Jf;nfhs;tJ> mjpNy myq;fhuq;fis

JtJ;jLg;gpstn Nghd;w midj;JNk ve;jtpj mbg;gilAkw;w gpj;mj;jhd nraw;ghLfisAila ehl;fshf cs;sd.))(28)

,khk; ettP w`pk`{y;yh ;̀ mth;fs; $wpdhh;fs; : ((mjpfkhd ghhpa kpd;tpsf;Ffis gw;witg;gJ> Rd;dhtpy; mwpag;gl;l ,uTfshd \/ghdpd; eLg;gFjp Nghd;w ,uTfspy; nrytspg;gJ Nghd;w nraw;ghLfs; mjpfkhd

fhw;dx ;ypsf;jm;jpg f;fj;jf;fWtn w;dpfLg;gj;jLg;gwiKlie ;ypsfLhe,Uf;fpd;wJ. vdNt> ,g;gbahd nraw;ghLfshy; mjpfkhd tpghPjq;fs;

lhg;warn j;jx ;dpsf;qzt G;gUen @ ypr ;ypsftim .dw;dpfLg;wV hd neUg;Gfis %l;LtJ> Kiwaw;w tpjj;jpy; nghUshjh JtLg;gf;fbzPt ;kuNghd;wtw;iwf; Fwpg;gplyhk;. mj;Jld; mjpfkhd gs;spthay;fspy; rpWth;fSk;> Njitapy;yhj kdpjh;fSk; xd;W$b tpisahb> mjpNy mth;fspd; rg; dpsf;htm >pj;j;hac sif;qj ; gs;spthay;fis

26 ) tiyjsk; : `{];D];]ghh; www.saffar.org. 27 ) ‘K[hy]h ,y;kpa;ah igdy; ,]; gpd; mg;J]; ]yhk; ,g;D]; ]yh`;’ (gf;fk;:41). 28 ) my;-,f;jpohc : (02/628)

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tJ;jLg;gytfN Jld; - ;sfF;fOm yNpjm @pj;jLg;ohg ji;japz;zf ;djmte;jilfpd;wd. ,itNghd;w vj;jid ;kZ;zgL;zc sifF;qPj haNjdpkdpjh;fsplkpUe;J gs;spthay;fis fhg;ghw;WtJ filikahfpd;wJ.))(29)

m\;n\ jk;k`K ;f;a ; u\ ;sf;htm ;̀hy;y{`kp`w hoph ;jP$wpdhh;fs; : ((\/ghdpd; eLg;gFjpapy; gs;spthay;fspy; tof;fkhf eilngwf;$ba gpj;mj;jhd tpohf;fis mwpQh;fs; jLf;fpd;whh;fs;. mj;Jld; mjpy; eilngwf;$ba ntWf;fj;jf;f tplaq;fshd mjpfkhd tpsf;Ffis gw;witg;gijAk; $l. \/ghdpd; eLg;gFjpapy;

;sftiw;dhgN ;yjOhjn >;yjF;qztW;dpe njhlh;ghf tuf;$ba nra;jpfSk; rk;gtq;fSk; {`hy;yapow pym >;kTfhsftil;lg;gl;lf;fL;l,

;kL;lhjn;jsif;htm {`;dm ,khk; ,g;D kh[h w`pk`{y;yh ;̀ mth;fs; .JdhkdPtyg ;k{]Pj` ;kF;fptpwm ))(30)

m\;n\ ;]hg ;dpg ;]P]m ;yJ;gm ;f;a w`pk`{y;yh ;̀ mth;fs; $wpdhh;fs;: ((\ >;kJtL;z+G ;kl;lhl;zhfn;fhopt aipjFg;gLe ;dpdhg/

;kJg;gpg;gwpr L;zhfn;fgi;dheN ji;jdpj;jm rpy kdpjh;fs; cUthf;fpa gpj;mj;fspy; xd;whf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ,jid eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;F MFkhd ve;jtpj Mjhuq;fSk; fpilahJ. NkYk;> mjid tpohthf vLg;gJ xU gpj;mj;jhd nraw;ghL vd;W ngUk;ghd;ikahd mwpQh;fs; cld;gl;Lfpd;wdh;.))(31)

mwptpay; Ma;TfSf;Fk;> gj;thf;fSf;Fkhd epue;ju mikg;gpd; gj;thtpy; : ((\/ghdpd; eLg;gFjp ,uit tpohf; ;fhkl;lhl;zhfn FtJ xU gpj;mj;jhd nraw;ghlhFk;.))(32)

m\;n\a;f; mg;Jy;yh ;̀ gpd; [pg;hPd; w`pk`{y;yh ;̀ mth;fs; $wpdhh;fs; : ((\/ghdpd; eLg;gFjp ,uT> egpath;fs; gpwe;j jpd ,uT> ,];uh/ ,uT Nghd;w ,uTfspy; rpwg;Gf;fs; ,Ug;gjhff; fUjp

m >;kJtJ;jLg;gakpsx sif;yahtps;sg ;ypsfTupt;tm y ypr ;kJg;gphf;qkilath;fspd; tof;fhUfshf ,Uf;fpd;wd. ,itfs; midj;jpw;Fk; ve;jtpj mbg;gilAk; fpilahJ. vdNt> ,itfs; gpj;mj;jhd nraw;ghLfshFk;.))(33)

29 ) my;k[;%c \u`{y; K`e;jg; (02/181). 30 ) gjhth m\;n\a;f; K`k;kj; u\Pj; hpoh (01/2314). 31 ) k[; 10( Mpt;tdjK ;jhyhfk t hthjg c% /186). 32 ) (03/82) 33 ) my;gpjc ty;K/j]hj; tkh yh m];y y`{ (gf;fk;: 211-212).

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\/ghdpd; eLg;gFjp ,uit tpohf;nfhz;lhl;lkhf;FtJ gpj;mj;jhd nraw;ghL vd;gij njspTgLj;jf;$ba

mwpQh;fspd; gj;thf;fs;

Nfs;tp : vq;fspd; gs;spthay;fspy; \/ghdpd; 15 MtJ ,utpy;

kf;fs; xd;W$b mjpNy ah]Pd; mj;jpahaj;ij 03 Kiwfs; XJtJld; )?d;dv Lhg;gyipe ;dj,( ;sf;hhw;dpf;fU, ;kTfhsf;htab$;fjX ;jPy;tk

gjpy; : ,J gpj;mj;jhFk;. egp ]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;

mth;fs; $wpdhh;fs; : “ ;ypjm ;ypj;juhftpt )f;f;hhk( j;e, aliK;ke,y;yhjij vtd; Gjpjhf cz;lhf;Ffpd;whNdh mtDila me;jg; GJik

epuhfhpf;fg;gl;l .;kFhj ”(34)

: ;yp]Pj` UhknW;wk “ePq;fs; (khh;f;fj;jpy;) GJikahd tplaq;fis tpl ;kSfkiJG Uhtn;tx fhkar;rpe .;sf;qU, fhafi;fphr;rv ;kL;

gpj;mj;fshFk;. ,d;Dk; xt;nthU gpj;mj;fSk; topNfLfshFk;.”(35)

tzf;ftopghLfs; vd;gJ Vty;> tpyf;fy;> gpd;gw;Wjy; vd;w ( j;e, .;kFhjl;lg;gf;fhtUc ;yhdpsflig;gbm \/ghd; eLg;gFjp ,uit

tpohthff;nfhz;lhLk;) nraw;ghlhdJ w]{y; ]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk; mth;fspd; Vty;fspy; ,y;yhj tplakhFk;. mj;Jld; ,jid Neh;topngw;w fyPghf;fNsh my;yJ ]`hghf;fNsh my;yJ jgP<d;fNsh vtUk; nra;jjhf fpilahJ.

egp ]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk; mth;fs; $wpajhf rpy

rht ;dpsf;]Pj` dhkt;h+GuhjM fq;fspy; : “ahNuDnkhUth; xUnraiy nra;J mjpNy vq;fspd; VTjy; ,y;iynad;why;> me;j ;kalpt

.;kFhjl;lg;gf;fphfhupe ”(36)

,e;j nraw;ghL egpath;fspd; Vty;fspy; ,y;yhj tplak; vd;gjhy; ;kUj}J Jdtm ;kT;̀hy;ym yNpjm ;dlJg;dv ;kL;ztNlg;gf;fphfhupe Jm

epuhfhpj;j tplaq;fs; Eioe;Js;s fhuzj;jpdhy; ;kTlg;gf;fpzf;fuG

.;kL;ztN my;yh`{j;jMyh $Wfpwhd; : “ F;wjv ;̀hy;ym ;ypj;jf;f;hhk ab$;ff;fti pf;fhkf;f;hhk F;fSf;htm jim haNyi;yptf;fpsapjkDm

,izahsh;fs;…” (mj;jpahak; : m\;\{uh> trdk; : 21) ,e;j (\/ghd; )l;lhl;zhfn tplak; my;yh ;̀tpd; ve;j ;ykhy;y, ;kYl;lhfpot jpt

aphF;fjihaphk fhkj;eg;kr J, .;kFhjl;lg;gf;fhtUc ;yhsf;htalikm\;n\ Ux ;sf;htm );̀hy;y{`kp`w( ;]hg ;dpg ;]P]m ;yJ;gm ;f;a J}ij

34 ) Mjhuk; : G`hhp (2697)> K];ypk; (1718). 35 ) Mjhuk;: m`;kj; (17145)> mG+jhT+j; (4607). 36 ) Mjhuk; : G`hhhp (09/107)> K];ypk; (1718).

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‘\/ghdpd; eLg;gFjp ,uitAk;> ,];uh/ - ;kAtiu, ;[hu/pk

pjt;shfn;fJ;jLv fhkl;lhl;zhfn d; rl;lk;’ vd;w jiyg;gpy; vOjpAs;shh;fs;.(37)

\/ghdpd; eLg;gFjp ,uit nfhz;lhl;lkhf;fpf; nfhs;tjpd; rl;lk;

(kjpg;gpw;Fhpa m\;n\a;f; mg;Jy; m]P]; gpd; mg;Jy;yh ;̀ gpd; gh]; w`pk`{y;yh ;̀ mth;fsplkpUe;J)

j;ephhrn sif;sUm JPk ;sf;qv >pj;jLg;gzu+G ji;jf;f;hhk F;fSf;qvmy;yh ;̀Tf;Nf ;kOfG;ghy;yv -my;`k;Jypy;yh ;̀- ;kApge ;dpdtm ;kD;d, .

JPk ;sf;htm ;ky;y]t p`yim {`hy;yy;y] ;jk;k`K dhkUj}Jrhe;jpAk; rkhjhdKk; cz;lhtjhf.

my;yh`{j;jMyh $Wfpwhd; : “,d;iwa jpdk; cq;fSf;fhf cq;fSila khh;f;fj;ij ehd; ghpG+uzkhf;fpitj;J tpl;Nld;. vd;Dila mUl;nf >;kD;d, .;dlN;lptpf;fhakiOK JPk ;dpsf;qc ailih

.;dlN;zhfn;fpj;eUhgn ;dhe fhkf;f;hhk ji;jhy;], fhf;fSf;qc ” (mj;jpahak; : my;khapjh> trdk; : 03)

: ;dhwpfW$ ;̀hy;ym >;kYkN “ F;wjv ;̀hy;ym ;ypj;jf;f;hhkb$;ff;fti pf;fhkf;f;hhk F;fSf;htm jim haNyi;yptf;fpsapjkDm a

,izahsh;fs;…” (mj;jpahak; : m\;\{uh> trdk; : 21). G`hhp> K];ypk; fhjapw$ ;sf;htm ;ky;y]t p`yim {`hy;yy;y] pge ;ypj;jj;eupf

Map\h wopay;yh`{ md;`h mth;fs; mwptpf;fpd;whh;fs; : egp

]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk; mth;fs; $wpdhh;fs; : “ek;Kila ,e;j (khh;f;f) tptfh hdNhwpfF;fhl;zc fhjpjG ;dtv jijhy;y, ;ypjm ;ypj;ju

mtDila me;jg; GJik epuhfhpf;fg;gl;ljhFk;.”(38)

K];ypkpy; gjpTnra;ag;gl;l `jP]py; > [hgph; wopay;yh`{ md;`{

: ;sf;hhw;dpf;fptpwm ;sf;htm “ ;ky;y]t p`yim {`hy;yy;y] pge;jM;k{[ ;sf;htm jpd Fj;ghtpy; $Wgth;fshf ;jmg hk;km : ;sf;hhj;eU,

(,iwtho;j;Jf;Fg; gpd;) ciufspy; rpwe;jJ my;yh`;tpd; Ntjk; (Fh;Md;) MFk;. topfhl;lypy; rpwe;jJ K`k;kj; ]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk; mth;fspd; );yhuagn ;dpj;jf;f;hhk( tiaPj ;ypsf;yarn .;kFhyl;lhfpot

37 ) gjhth my;- ;jm hd;[y -jhapkh ypy;G`{]py; ,y;kpa;ah ty;,g;jh/ (03/64). 38 ) Mjhuk; : G`hhp (2697) > K];ypk; (1718).

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Gjpjhf cz;lhf;fg;gLgit MFk;. (khh;f;fj;jpd; ngauhy; Gjpjhf

cUthf;fg;gLk;) xt;nthU GJikAk; topNfL MFk;.”(39)

,Nj fUj;Jg;gl gy my;Fh;Md; trdq;fSk; > `jP];fSk; cs;sd. mitfs; midj;JNk> my;yh`{j;jMyh ,e;j r%fj;jpw;F mtDila

siflihfn;lUm ;dpdtm F;fSf;htm >pj;jLg;gzu+G ji;jf;f;hhkepiwthf;fpitj;Js;shd; vd;gij njspthf giwrhl;Lfpd;wd. ve;j

;kYhdpyarn ;kYhdpy;yhrn F;wpj;jf%r ;dpsf;qj ;kSf;hhkpgemy;yh ;̀tpdhy; flikahf;fg;gl;litfis njspthf vj;jpitj;jjd;

kD;d, .;sf;hhtLg;gw;wg;gfi uipac uNd;dpg ; jdf;Fg; gpd;dh; kf;fshy; ;yhuagn ;dpj;jf;f;hhk J;jdim ;kF;fhtUc tpjkhd GJikahd

;kSf;qalpt epuhfhpf;fg;glNtz;ba gpj;mj;fshFk; vd;gij egp ]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk; mth;fs; njspTgLj;jpdhh;fs;. me;j

hf;wpj;jf;fheN y;ye ;sf;qalpt f vd;W ;dpsf;htapge .aNphr ;kYhj;eU,Njhoh;fs; (khh;f;f) tplaj;ij njspTgLj;jpaJ Nghd;W mjd;gpd;dh; te;j

;kL;lpt siftim >J;jphfhupe sif;jm;jpg ;kSf;hQpwm apkhy;],}J;hj;jm >;̀hy;yt D;g, ;ypafitj;em .;sf;hhj;arn fi;fphr;rv \P>

mG+\hkh Nghd;w ,d;Dk; vj;jidNah mwpQh;fs; Rd;dhtpd; ;gpzf;fuG sif;jm;jpg >;kAji;jtJ;japf;fK gJ rk;ge;jkhd E}w;fis

.;sf;hhj;jFhjn

rpy kdpjh;fshy; cUthf;fg;gl;l GJikahd rpy gpj;mj;fs; : \/ghdpd; eLg;gFjp ,uit tpohthf;fp mjd; gfy;nghOJfis Nehd;G Nehw;gijf; nfhz;L rpwg;gpg;gij MFkhf;Ftjw;F ve;jtpj Mjhuq;fSk;

ds;sJ;et ;sf;]Pj` dhkdPtyg fhg;hlhjn Jm ;kYhdM .Jhalipf . mitfis mbg;gilahf itj;J mitfis MFkhf;f KbahJ.

;kJ;jdim ;sftij;et fhg;hlhjn G;gwpr ;dpjtOhjn yNpj;jdpj;jmegpath;fspd; ngauhy; ,l;Lf;fl;lg;gl;l nra;jpfshFk; vd mjpfkhd

.;sf;hhs;sJ;jphr;rv ;sf;hQpwm -,d;\h my;yh ;̀ mJ njhlh;ghd .;kUt ;hd;dpg sif;qalpt - mj;Jld; ,j;jpdk; rk;ge;jkhf \hk; gpuNjrj;J

;kSfpr;lhj;jm ypr ;dpsf;hQpwm w;drn;dK J;jrjNupg WtN ;kW;wkcs;sd. mitfspy; ngUk;ghd;ikahd mwpQh;fspd; xd;Wgl;l fUj;J vd;dntd;why; @ mjid xU tpohthf nfhz;lhLtJ gpj;mj;jhd tplakhFk;. mj;Jld; mjd; rpwg;Gf;fs; rk;ge;jkhf tuf;$ba midj;J mwptpg;G ;yhuagn ;dpsf;htapge ypr ;ypsftim >;dlJdhkdPtyg ;kSf;f

D;g, ;opgh`;ym fhg;hlhjn J, .ds;sc ;kTfhsftil;lg;gl;lf;fL;l,

u[g; mth;fs; jdJ ‘yjh,Gy; kMhpg;’ .;sf;hhs;sJ;jphr;rv ;ypy}E w;dv

>;kYkN ‘ve;j tzf;fj;jpd; mbg;gil rk;ge;jkhd xU MjhuG+h;tkhd Ns;sJ;et ;]Pj` sif;]Pj` dhkdPtyg ;dhj ;ypj;jf;fzt j;em hj

itj;J nraw;gl KbAk;.’ Mdhy;> ,e;j \/ghdpd; eLg;gFjp ,uit tpo J;jti sif;]Pj` dhkdPtyg F;wjtJUf fhth

39 ) Mjhuk; : K];ypk; (2042).

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l$ ;]Pj` Ux dhkt;h+GuhjM dhalig;gbm F;wjtJ;jLgwiKlie f; fpilahJ.

mGy; mg;gh]; n\a;`{y; ,];yhk; ,g;D ijkpah w`pk`{y;yh`; mth;fs; $wpa ,e;j ghhpa tpjpia ehd; cq;fSf;F ghpkhw;Wfpd;Nwd; : ,e;j gpur;rpid njhlh;ghf rpy mwpQh;fs; $wpa tplak; njhlh;ghf ePq;fs;

JhgN ;dpsfdipr;rupg w;dpfLg;zuK ;sf;hjpdk .;kL;ztNf;fU, fhtpsjnmth;fSf;F my;Fh;MDk; - Rd;dhTNkh my;yJ mitfspy; xd;Nwh

jNtW;wg;dpg siftim htNdw;dpf;fti;dK ti;hPj j;ev F;wjmflikahFk;. mitfs; ,uz;bw;Fk; khw;wkhditfis

fhkar;rpe ;kf;fzt Ux jhw$ ;kL;zu, ;sftim .;kL;ztNlptps;sj;euGmJ eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLtjw;F MFkw;w xU gpj;mj;jhFk;.

my;yh`{j;jMyh R+wJe; ep]htpy; gpd;tUkhW $Wfpwhd; : “ek;gpf;if nfhz;lth;fNs! my;yh ;̀Tf;F fPo;gbAq;fs;@ ,d;Dk; (my;yh ;̀tpd;) J}jUf;Fk;> cq;fspy; (Neh;ikahf) mjpfhuk; tfpg;gth;fSf;Fk; fPo;gbAq;fs;@ cq;fspy; VjhtJ xU tpl ;yhdhkLg;wV F;fzpg ;ypj;ja -

fhsf;htgG;ke ;kAsihe pjW, >;kAti;̀hy;ym ;sf;qPe tNfha;akn,Ug;gpd; -mij my;yh ;̀tplKk;> (mtd;) J}jhplKk; xg;gilj;JtpLq;fs;-

,Jjhd; (cq;fSf;F) kpfTk; rpwg;ghd> mofhd Kbthf ,Uf;Fk;.” (mj;jpahak; : me;ep]h> trdk; : 59)

: ;dhwpfW$ ;̀hy;ym >;kYkN “ePq;fs; ve;j tplaj;jpy; fUj;J

m G;g;hPj ;djm >hsNf;hPwpf;fUb;zhfn kiW;wtN y;yh ;̀tplNk ,Uf;fpd;wJ.” (mj;jpahak; : m\;\{uh > trdk; : 10)

: ;dhw;dpfW$ ;̀hy;ym >;kYkN “ @fhuPtW$ ;hPe )>;klpsf;hjpdk !aNpge(

“ ;sf;qPe di;dv @;yhj;eU, fhsf;htg;gpreN ti;̀hy;ym ;sf;qPearn ;sf;qPe Wht;tm( @;sf;qW;wg;dpg ;jhy;) cq;fis my;yh ;̀ Nerpg;ghd;@

cq;fs; ghtq;fisAk; cq;fSf;fhf mtd; kd;dpj;J tpLthd;.” (mj;jpahak; : My,k;uhd; > trdk; : 31)

: ;dhw;dpfW$ ;̀hy;ym >;kYkN “ >fhkapj;jr ;ykN ;dtwi, ;kcW;wV fhapjgpjPe ki;kc ;ypsfTur;rr j;eOv aNlipsf;qj ;sf;htm > gpd;dh;

ipj;gUpjm afij;jv pw;wg Jj;arn G;g;hPj ;hPe aAk; jk; kdq;fspy; nfhs;shJ K )gi;g;hPj;jm( w;wpYk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;shj tiuapy;@ mth;fs; ek;gpf;if

nfhz;lth;fs; Mfkhl;lhh;fs;.” (mj;jpahak; : me;ep]h > trdk; : 65)

;kDjNV .ds;sc ;sf;qdrt yg ;kD;d, lg;gJ;jUf jN,rl;lg;gpur;rpidfspy; Kuz;ghL njd;gLk;NghJ my;Fh;Md; - Rd;dhtpd;ghy;

;kJdb;zu, ;sftim ;dlJ;jm .dw;dpfJ;jWApot jig;dv ;kL;ztNg;kUpj fhapj;gUpj bg;gm .Jw;dpfhakilf ;kJts;shfn;fW;wV fhapj;gUpj gi;g;hPj

Vw;Wf;nfhs;tJ <khdpy; (ek;gpf;ifapy;) cs;sJld; > my;yh`;tpd;

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mbahDf;F mr;re;jh;g;gj;jpNyh my;yJ gpd;dNuh my;yJ ,WjpapNyh eythfNt ,Uf;Fk;.

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40 ) Mjhuk; : G`hhp (09/107) > K];ypk; (1718).

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23

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41 ) Mjhuk; : G`hhp (2697)> K];ypk; (1718).

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;fpj;eUhgn ;yht;̀hy;ym @;yhj;eUpj;ele ;ypt;oht ;dpsf;htapge dhkf%r j;ewpr ;ypsf;hjpdk Fwpg ;gF;fSf;hhkpge >l;lg;gs;shfn ;g[u >;kYkN .;sf;hhg;gUpj;jptpwm F;fSf;qv dijm ;sf;fhgh`]

khjj;jpd; Kjy; nts;spf;fp >;kApw;wg;ggi;gwpr ;dptu, kio \/ghdpd; ;dpsf;htm Jy;ym hlN;lhjn ;jsif;htapge ;kApw;wg;gtiu, pjFg;gLe

dhkt;h+GuhjM jptj;ev hlN;lhjn;jsif;hohjN nra;jpfSk; fpilahJ ;], F;fSf;qc l$ ;ypj;jg;kuM @jig;dv yhkpa mwpQh;fs; rpyhpd;

$w;Wf;fspd; ;ky% ;djN;eUpab;lhf;fJ;jLv . vdNt> me;j ,uz;L jpdq;fisAk; tpo sifTu, ;djm >JtL;z+G ;kl;lhl;zhfn;fh

42 ) Mjhuk; : K];ypk; (1144). 43 ) Mjhuk; : G`hhp (37)> K];ypk; (759). 44 ) Mjhuk; : G`hhp (2014)> K];ypk; (760).

25

l;lg;gf;foiE ;ypj;jhy;], ;sf;qalpt w;dhgN Jg;gwpr ;yhsf;jjhg,gpj;mj;fshFk;. ,itfs; vg;gb $lhNjh> mNjNghd;Wjhd; u[g; khjj;jpd; 27Mk; ,utd;W egpath;fs; kp/uh[; gazj;ij Nkw;nfhz;lhh;fs; vd;W fUjp mj;jpdj;ij ,ghjj;fshy; rpwg;gpg;gJk; $l ntWf;fj;jf;f gpj;mj;fshFk;. egpath;fs; u[g; khjj;jpd; 27 MtJ ,utd;Wjhd; kp/uh[; gazk; Nkw;nfhz;lhh;fs; vd;w $w;Wf;F ve;jtpj MjhuG+h;tkhd

.Jhalipf haNlig;gbm >hsNf;]Pj` $wg;gl;litfspy; kpfTk; mofhd $w;whf @

Neh;topapd; mbg;gilapy; mike;jitfNs Kd;nrd;w nray;fspy; kpfTk;

rpwe;j nray;fs;

Gjpjhf cUthf;fg;gl;litNsh E}jz tplaq;fspy; nfl;ltplaq;fs;

>;kTw;wg;dpg sifwiKpot dpsf;htapge ;kSf;kpy;]K w;wk >;kDheps;sj;ewG ;kL;lpt siftidhzuK F;fW;wtm >;kTf;wpe J;jyipe yNpjm kNupj;jhk ;dtUx ;̀hy;ym f;fpshg;sUm F;fSf;qv @;kTf;fU,

nghWg;ghsdhf ,Uf;fpd;whd;. my;yh`{j;jMyh nfhilahsdhf ;jk;k`K pge ;sf;qv >dhkUj}J ;kUhabm ;dpt;̀hy;ym .;dhw;dpf;fU, >;hhj;jg;kLF ;dphhd;dm ;kJPk ;sf;htm ;ky;y]t p`yim {`hy;yy;y]

md;dhhpd; Njhoh;fs; mid ;dpt;̀hy;ym ;kJPk ;ht rhe;jpAk; rkhjhdKk; cz;lhtjhf!(45)

m\;n\a;f; k`;%j; \y;J}j; -w`pk`{y;yh`;- (Kd;dhy; vfpg;J mwpQh;) :

\/ghdpd; eLg;gFjp ,utpw;F vd;W my;yh ;̀tplj;jpy; rpwg;ghd >;kYhsfU;fpj ji;jdpj;jm @pz;zv W;dv Jw;dpf;fU, W;dhknl,

g >;kYhsf;jjhg, w;dhgN ;yjJX ;dM;hF;ym >;sfdij;j;hhupnraw;ghLfshy; caph;g;gpg;gjw;fhf Ntz;b gs;spthay;fspy; xd;W$b \/ghdpd; eLg;gFjp ,uTj;njhOif vd;w ngahpy; xU njhOifia njhOJ> gpwF ah]Pd; mj;jpahaj;ij Xjp gpwF \/ghd; eLg;gFjp

ge fhg;hlhjn JtLgL< ;ypw;dx w;dv dij;j;hhupg p ]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk; mth;fisj; njhl;Nlh mth;fspd; Njhoh;fisj;njhl;Nlh

>;kYhw;dv .Jhalipf ;kSf;fG;gptpwm j;ev dhkt;h+GuhjM \/ghdpy; mjpfkhfNth my;yJ KOikahfNth Nehd;G gpbg;gJ njhlh;ghf khj;jpuNk .ds;sJ;et ;sf;]Pj` dhkt;h+GuhjM (46)

45 ) Mpt;tdjK ;jhyhfk t hthjg c%;[k - m\;n\ : ;`hy;y{`kp`w ;]hg ;dpg ;f;a

(01/186). 46 ) my;gjhth – m\;n\a;f; k`;%j; \y;J}j; (gf;fk; : 188).

26

\/ghd; khjj;jpy; Mjhukw;w `jP];fs;

epr;rakhf \/ghdpd; eLg;gFjpapy; Nehd;G Nehw;fNth my;yJ mjpy; ;kSf;]Pj` j;ev dhkt;h+GuhjM F;wjg;gpg;gwpr W;dv htNf;qztW;dpe

fpilahJ vd;gij mwpe;Jnfhs;Sq;fs; -my;yh`{j;jMyh vdf;Fk; cq;fSf;Fk; mUs;ghspg;ghdhf-. ;kW;wk Jg;wheN G;dheN >yNpjmnjhOtJ Nghd;wijf;nfhz;L rpwg;gpg;gJ ve;jtpj mbg;gilAkw;w ntWf;fj;jf;f gpj;mj;fspy; cs;sjhFk;. vdNt> ,J rk;ge;jkhd gpugy;akhd Mjhukw;w rpy `jP];fs; cq;fs; Kd;dpiyapy; @

1- : ;]Pj` “\/ghd; khjj;jpd; rpwg;ghdJ vdf;Fk; kw;w egpkhh;fSf;Fk;

kj;jpapy; ,Uf;fpd;w rpwg;igg; Nghd;wjhFk;.” ,g;D `[;h; w`pk`{y;yh ;̀ mth;fs; $wpdhh;fs; : ,e;j ̀ jP]; ,l;Lf;fl;lg;gl;ljhFk; vd;w ,f;fUj;ij

mthpd; Gj;jfkhd ‘jg;<Dy; c[{gpy;’ Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;.(47)

2- \ ;djm >;kL;zhfn ;fjig;wheN G;dheN yifg pjFg;gLe ;dpdhg/fjitF;qzt W;dpe aipjFg;gTu, dhkj;eg;kr Jg;gpg;gwpr ;kL;zhfn ;

: ;]Pj` “\/ghdpd; eLg;gFjp ;yptu, ;djm >;yhj;elim tiu,

bpg G;dheN ;ypjOhgn;yfg ;djm pf;qztW;dpe Aq;fs;.”(48)

3- : ;]Pj` “ dij;j;hhupg ;kLg;gf;lfN ;ypsfTu, J;eI fs; epuhfhpf;fg;glkhl;lhJ @ u[gpd; Kjy; ,uT> \/ghdpd; eLg;gFjp ,uT>

.Tu, ;sheUgn;g{[;[` >Tu, ;sheUgn;gG;dheN >Tu, dpjM;k{[ ”(49)

4- : ;]Pj` “ : ;sf;hhdpw$ J;et ;klpd;dv ;khy];]p`yim ;yPh;gp[ “,J \/ghdpd; eLg;gFjp ,uthf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. my;yh`{j;jMyh ,e;j ,utpy; fy;g; Nfhj;jpuj;J Ml;L Nuhkq;fspd; mstpw;F eufpypUe;J

tpLtpf;fg;glf;$bath;fs; ,Uf;fpd;whh;fs;.”(50)

5- `jP]; : “mypNa (wopay;yh`{ md;`{)! ahNuDnkhUth; \/ghdpd; eLg;gFjp ,utpy; 100 uf;Mj;Jf;fs; njhOJ mjpNy 1000 Kiw

‘Fy;`{ty;yh`{ m`j;’ vd;gij Xjpd l;lfN ;dtm ;yptu, j;em @ ;sh

midj;J NjitfisAk; my;yh`; .;dhtLptJ;arn pj;j;htpe ”(51)

47 ) ‘jg;<Dy; c[{g;’ (gf;fk; : 13-14) 48 ) ‘ hg<o;om ;]Pjh`m ;yJyp];yp] ’ –my;ghdP u`pk`{y;yh`;- (2132) : .;sf;hhw;dv Jl;zhfn ;fsif;hshg;gptpwm l;lg;gl;lf;fL;l, 49 ) ‘ hg<o;om ;]Pjh`m ;yJyp];yp] ’ (1452). 50 ) ,khk; my;g ;sf;htm Pdh - ‘o<Gj; jh;<g; tj;jh; ;gP` ’ (1651); : gytPdkhdJ

.;sf;hhw;dpf;dv 51 ) ‘ M*;tk;ym ;hhg;`m ;ypg M+G;hk;ym ;hhu;]m;ym ’ - my;kyh myp my;fhhP (gf;fk; : 439-440).

27

6- : ;]Pj` “ahh; \/ghdpd; eLg;gFjp ,utpy; 1000 Kiw ‘Fy;`{ty;yh`{

m`j;’ vd;gij XJfpwhNuh > mtUf;F my;yh`{j;jMyh 1000 kyf;Fkhh;fis mDg;gpfpwhd;. mth;fs; mtDf;F ed;khuhak;

$Wthh;fs;.”(52)

7- : ;]Pj` “ahh; \/ghdpd; eLg;gFjpapy; 13 uf;Mj;Jf;fs; (kw;WnkhU mwp 03 ;kYpj;jM;fu Uhtn;tx yNpjm JOhjn );sf;fJ;jM;fu 21 ;ypg;gpt

Kiwfs; ‘Fy;`{ty;yh`{ m`j;’ ;kfue ;yhdpjX jig;dv

.;kLg;gf;qot Rphhgpr F;fSf;hge 01 l;lg;gf;fhakilf ”(53)

8- : ;]Pj` “ahh; ,U ngUehs; jpd ,uTfisAk;> \/ghd; eLg;gFjp ,uTfisAk; caph;g;gpf;fpd;whNdh@ mg;gbg;gl;ltdpd; cs;skhdJ -

cs;sq;fs; kuzpf;Fk; ehspy; kuzpf;fhJ.”(54)

9- : ;]Pj` “ahh; Ie;J ,uTfis caph;g;gpf;fpd;whNdh mtDf;F Rtdk; ;gG;dheN ;kW;wk ;sfTu, 01 > 90 > 80 wipg ;[`;yJ :Jw;dpfhakilf

ngUehs; ,uT > \/ghd; eLg;gFjp ,uT.(55)

ukohd; khjj;jpw;F jahuhFk; Kfkhf ,k;khjj;ij mofhd Kiwapy; gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhd rpy cgNjrq;fs;

ukohd; khjj;ij mile;Jnfhs;tjw;fhf Ntz;b my;yh`;tplk; mjpfk; Ntz;Ljy;.

rpyNtis jdJ tho;tpy; milaf;$ba ,Wjp ukohdhf ,Uf;fyhk;> Mjyhk; mjpfkhf ey;yky;fis nra;tjhf cWjpG+Zjy;.

my;yh`;tpd; fl;lisg;gpufhuk; fyg;gw;w ghtkd;dpg;G Ntz;Ljy; :

“ )pfypt J;eUpypj;jthg ;dlJdk a}J( fhthg;tj w;wg;gyf !sNfprhtRpt

my;yh ;̀tpd;ghy; ePq;fs; jg;thr; nra;Aq;fs;.” (mj;jpahak; : mj;j`;hPk;> trdk; : 08)

52 ) yp]hDy; kP]hd; - ,g;D `[;h; (05/271) 53 ) )044 : ;kf;fg( M*;tk;ym ;hhg;`m ;ypg M+G;hk;ym ;hhu;]m;ym > my;kt;*Mj;

(02/ J, : ;sf;hhdpw$ ;sf;htm ;`hy;y{`kp`w p];t[ ;yD;g, > )291.Js;sc wN;dhknl;l$ jhlg;gapwm yNpj, ;kYkN >;kFhjl;lg;gl;lf;fL;l,

54 ) my;-,yy; my;Kjdh`pyh (gf;fk; : 924). 55 ) o<Gj; jh;<g; tj;jh;`Pg; - .)766( Pdhg;ym ;khk,

28

Muk;g jf;gPUld; INtisj; njhOiffisAk; $l;lhfj; njhOjy; :

my;yh`{j;jMyh $Wfpwhd; : “ePq;fs; (INtisj;) njhOiffisg; Ngzpf;nfhs;Sq;fs;. )J;eag ;g( F;fT;̀hy;ym );ypafiOhjn( >;kYkN

gzpe;jth;fshf epy;Yq;fs;.” (mj;jpahak; : my;gfuh > trdk; : 238)

: ;dhwpfW$ ;̀hy;ym ;kYkN “ JPk ;dpsfprhtRpt fiOhjn fhkar;rpe

Neuk; Fwpf;fg;gl;l flikahf ,Uf;fpwJ.” (mj;jpahak; : me;ep]h > trdk; : 103)

ghhpa $ypfis mlq;fpa cghpahd Rd;dj;jhd njhOiffis NgZjy; : {`hy;yy;y] pge >;yp]Pj ̀l;lg;ga;arn Tpjg ;ypkpy;]K ;]P̀]

h`;dm {`hy;yapow hgPg` K;kc ptdik ;dpsf;htm ;ky;y]t p`yim

mth;fs; $wpdhh;fs; : “w]{y; ]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk; mth;fs; $w ehd; nrtpkLj;Njd; @ xU K];ypkhd mbahh; xt;nthU ehSk; flikahd njhOiffs; jtpu $Ljyhfg; 12 uf;mj;Jf;fs; njhOjhy;

‘ ;dhwpfG;gOv ji;jy;y, ;hX ;ypj;jf;f;hhrn ;̀hy;ym fhf;fUtm ’ my;yJ

‘mtUf;fhfr; nrhh;f;fj;jpy; XH ,y;yk; vOg;gg;gLfpwJ’.”(56)

mjpfkhd Nehd;Gfs; Nehw;gjpy; Kk;Kukhf ,Uj;jy; : xt;nthU thuKk; jpq;fs; > tpahof; fpoikfs;> muG khj mbg;gilapy; gpiw 13> 14> 15 Nghd;w jpdq;fspy; Nehd;G Nehw;wy; my;yJ jhTj; miy`p];]yhk;

;yj;jbpg G;dheN ;sheUx L;lpt ;sheUx dhg;dheN ;dpsf;htm Nghd;w .;yw;wheN fhkfpjm ;ypj;jjhk;k, sifG;dheN dhaphgc

Fh;MDila khjj;ij tuNtw;Fk; Kfkhf mjpfkhf my;Fh;Mid XJtjpy; NgZjyhf ,Uj;jy; : rpy Kd;nrd;w mwpQh;fs; ,e;j \/ghd;

khjj;ij ‘Fh;Md; XJgth;fspd; khjk;’ vd;W ngah;R+l;Lgth;fshf

>;hypr ;kD;d, .;sf;hhj;eU, \ ;;yhj;eoiE dihg/ @ ‘,J Fh;Md;

XJgth;fspd; khjkhFk;’ vd;Wk; $Wthh;fs;. kw;Wk; ‘mth;fs; \/ghd; khjj;ij Eioe;jhy; mth;fSila tpahghu epiyaq;fis %btpl;L

Fh;Mid XJtjw;fhf Ntz;b xJq;fptpLthh;fs;’ vd;W xUrpyhplkpUe;J $wg;gl;lJ.

kw;wth;fSf;F nfhLf;fNtz;ba flid mth;fsplNk jpUg;gpf;nfhLj;J mjpypUe;J ePq;fptpLjy; : ,jdhy; tUfpd;w khjj;ij ve;jtpj aiyitf ;dpdtUx .;khyalim ;ypayipe w;wAdij;eprmy;yh ;̀itj;jtpu NtW vtUk; nghWg;ngLf;fkhl;lhh;fs;.

Nkyjpfkhd cghpahd jpf;Ufis cs;sj;jpw;F vLj;J ehthy; $Wtij NgZjyhf vLj;Jf;nfhs;sy; : ;ypayihk >yihf ;sfU;fpj j;emXjf;$ba jpf;UfshfTk; ,Uf;fyhk; my;yJ INtisj; njhOiffSf;F

;kW;wk JhgN ;kF;q}J Jy;ym ;khyf;fU, ;kTfhsf;yjX ab$;fjX ;dpg

56 ) Mjhuk; : K];ypk; (728).

29

J}f;fj;jpypUe;J tpopj;jTlDk; ,Uf;fyhk;. xt;nthU ehSk; fhiy – khiy vd;W K];ypKf;F Njitahd ,itNghd;w ,d; haNdij;jv ;kDjpf;Ufs; ,Uf;fpd;wd.

fhkfKhuhg J;jbzPt ;kAji;jyhf ;kAji;jueN f;fpkapz;zf,Ue;jtNd> jPatplaq;fis psftij;jpkrN ;kYkN .LptL;lpt y; kpfTk; Nkhrkhdjhf ,Ue;JtpLk; vDk; fPo;tUk; ftpij thpfs; Rl;bf;fhl;lf;$bajhf ,Uf;fpd;wd:

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30

,Wjpahf : ehq;fs; my;yh`;tplk; eyit Ntz;LNthk;

k;HPj ;ypj;jf;f;hhk sif;qalpt l;lg;gf;fpdh mjpfkhfNth> tpjtpjkhfNth nra;tjpy; fpilahJ. khwhf mjid rpwe;j Kiwapy;

.Jw;dpf;fU, lN;zhfn;fjitJ;jLg;gwiKlie , ;ypg;gFhjn apwpr j;e$wg;gl;l ;sf;qalpt my;Fh;Md; ;dpsf;]Pj` ;kW;wk f ;sf;qhe ;yhg ;kdt

L;zu, ;sftim >;kTfhf;wjg;dv ;kL;ztNj;jYrn Nk tzf;fq;fshf yNpsf;qalpt apf;fM fhprid nrYj;jNtz;Lk; vd;gijAk;

Rl;bf;fhl;lf;$bajhf mike;Js;sJ.

egpath;fspd; topKiwfis gpd;gw;WkhW my;yh`{j;jMyh

topAWj;Jfpd;whd; : “ TujM ;kJPk ;dpshe pjW, >;kJPk ;dpt;`hy;ymitj;J> my;yh`;it mjpfk; jpahdpg;NghUf;F epr;rakhf my;yh ;̀tpd;

K apfom ;hX ;klphj}J d;khjphp cq;fSf;F ,Uf;fpwJ.” (mj;jpahak; : ;kdrt >;gh];̀m;ym : 21)

,d;Dk; egpath;fspd; topfhl;Ljy;fshy; Neh;topngWtNj gpd;gw;Wjy;

vd;w nraw;ghl;bw;fhd gadhf ,Uf;Fk;. “vdNt> ePq;fs; mtUf;Ff;

fPo;gbe;J ele;jhy; ePq;fs; Neh;top ngUtPh;fs;.” (mj;jpahak; : me;E}h;> trdk; : 54)

,e;j EypNy “\/ghd; khjk;” gw;wpa mwpKfj;ijAk;> mjpy; ;sfLhg;warn dhj;jm;jpg ypr ;kF;flpf;fptug yNpj, >;kAsiftil;lg;gw$ ;kjhk j;e, ;kW;wk >;kAsif;fht;jg dhg;hlhjn J, >;kAtipsjn apw;wg

njhlh;ghd gytPdkhd - ,l;Lf;fl;lg;gl;l rp pw;wg ;sf;]Pj` y Ak; $wg;gl;Ls;sd.

;kW;wk ;sf;]Pj` >;sf;qdrt ;dM;hF;ym l;lg;gw$ ;hd;dKmwpQh;fspd; $w;Wf;fspd; %yk; @ \/ghdpd; eLg;gFjp ,uit tpohf;nfhz;lhLtJk;> me;j ,uit njhOifahYk; - gfy; nghOJfis Nehd;ghy; f;qalpt d;duhdN;d, ;kW;wk s; %yk; rpwg;gpg;gJ ntWf;fj;jf;f gpj;mj;jhFk; vd;gij mjpfkhd mwpQh;fspd; fUj;Jf;fs; vd;gij

.;dht;shfnL;zf ;dtUx ab$;fljN ji;japj;jr NkYk;> mjw;F ve;jtpj ;dpsf;fhgh`] Jm fhwhk .Jhalipf ;ypj;jf;f;hhk a}J ;kAlig;gbm .;kFhlhg;warnzj}E Ux l;lg;gf;fptoiE ;ypj;jhy;], Fwpg ;gF;wpj;jyhf

pt;̀hy;ym >;kYkN d; thh;j;ijahd “,d;iwa jpdk; cq;fSf;fhf cq;fSila khh;f;fj;ij ehd; ghpG+uzkhf;fpitj;J tpl;Nld;. vd;Dila

>;kD;d, .;dlN;lptpf;fhakiOK JPk ;dpsf;qc ailihfn;lUm

.;dlN;zhfn;fpj;eUhgn ;dhe fhkf;f;hhk ji;jhy;], fhf;fSf;qc ” (mj;jpahak; : my;khapjh> trdk; : 03) vd;w nrhy;Yld; ,Nj fUj;Jg;gl

dhaji;j;hht ;dpsf;htapge >;kSf;qdrt j;et “ Ux ;ypj;jf;f;hhk ;hha

31

tplaj;ij Gjpjhf cz;lhf;Ffpd;whNdh mJ epuhfhpf;fg;gLk;.”(57) vd;w thh;j;ijAk;@ rj;jpaj;ij Njlf;$batDf;F NghJkhdjhFk;.

my;yh`{j;jMyh vq;fspd; ey;yky;fis Vw;Wf;nfhs;thdhf! NkYk; me;j ey;yky;fis egpath;fspd; topKiwiag; gpd;gw;wp my;yh ;̀tplkpUe;J xg;Gjy;fisAk;> njspitAk;> Neh;topfhl;LjiyAk; vjph;ghh;j;J nra;j ,`;yh]; (J}a;ik) Md tplkhf Mf;fpitg;ghdhf!

“NkYk;> ve;j ep/kj; (ghf;fpak;) cq;fsplk; ,Ue;jhYk; ,J

my;yh ;̀tplkpUe;J cs;sjhFk;.” (mj;jpahak; : me;e ;̀y;> trdk; : 53) Nkw;$wg;gl;l ,iwtrdj;jpw;F Vw;g ve;j ey;ytplakhf ,Ue;jhYk; mJ my;yh ;̀tpd; Gwj;jpypUe;J khj;jpuNk vd;Wk;> Vw;gl;l jtWfs; vd;Gwj;jpypUe;J \k; > i j;jhdplkpUe;JkhFk;. midj;Jg; GfOk; ty;ytd; my;yh ;̀ xUtDf;Nf.

NkYk;> vq;fs; J}jh; K`k;kj; ]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk; mth;fs; kPJk; md;dhhpd; FLk;gj;jhh;> mthpd; Njhoh;fs; midth; kPJk; rhe;jpAk; rkhjhdKk; cz;lhtjhf!

,jid vOjpatd; :

mG+ mg;jph; u`;khd; Riykhd gpd; [h]ph; gpd; mg;Jy; fhPk; my;-[h]ph;

57 ) Mjhuk; : G`hhp (2697)> K];ypk; (1718).

32

crhj;Jizfs;

1- my;Fh;Md;

2- my;m`;ahj; my;K`;j]h t nksfpcy; ,];yhk; kpd;`h>

fyhepjp mg;Jy;yh`; My k`;dh

3- ;yJ;gm ;dpg ;`hy;yJ;gm pjpehyf >ha;apy;t`;ym cjpg;ym

Php[tiJ;jm ;]P]m

4- ;h;[` D;g, > ;g[u Pg jut hkpg ;g{[c ;yD<;gj

my;m];fyhdP

5- ;ym ;jMjj;gK ;yt ;dd{];]m -Kjmy;ypfh gpy; mj;fhhp

t];]ythjp> m\;n\ ;khy] ;]J;gm ;dpg ;jk;k`K ;f;a

m\;\{ifhP

6- ]`P`{y; G`hhp > my;,khk; K`k;kj gpd; ,];kh<y;

my;G`hhp

7- ]`P`; K];ypk; > my;,khk; K];ypk; gpd; my;`[;[h[;

me;ie]hG+hp

8- gjhth m\;n\ ;]hg ;dpg ;]P]m ;yJ;gm ;f;a

9- gjhth my;-y[;dh mj;-jhapkh ypy;G`{]py; mkypa;ah

ty;,g;jh

10-my;gjhth> m\;n\a;f; k`;%j; \y;J}jj; > jhU]; \{&f;

11-yjh,Gy; kMhpg; gPkh ypkhrpkpy; Mkp kpdy; tohapgp>

,g;D u[g; my;`d;gyP

12- Pg {`;`p]a ;ky hkt `;`] hk \/ghd> mG+ md];

my;,uhfP

13- ,jpg;yt Pypahog ;ydgi ha;apkRskn;ym ;jhg]hdK;ym

jk;k`K ;j;dpg ;dhd` >Pkhf;`m;yt ; my;akhdP

cs;slf;fq;fs;

uiD;dK …………………………………………………………….. 02

\ ;kfKpwm apw;wg ;kjhk ;dhg/ ………………………………………. 04

\ ;sf;fG;gwpr ;dpj;jjhk ;dhg/ ………………………………………… 04

\ ;kl;lr dhkj;eg;kr Jg;wheN G;dheN ;ypapjFg;gprlif ;dhg/ ………... 05

\ Tu, pjFg;gLe ;dpdhg/ …………………………………………… 09

\ ;yjLhl;zhfn tiu, pjFg;gLe ;dpdhg/ ………………………….. 10

\ ;dpjt;shfn;fJ;jLv fhkl;lhl;zhfn tiu, pjFg;gLe ;dpdhg/

;kl;lr ……………………………………………………………….. 14

\ dhj;jm;jpg JtF;fhkl;lhl;zhfn;fhypt tiu, pjFg;gLe ;dpdhg/

pwm ab$;fj;jLgTpsjn jig;dv Lhg;warn ;sf;fht;jg ;dpsf;hQ ……...16

\ >;kl;lr ;dpjt;shfn ;fpf;fhkl;lhl;zhfn tiu, pjFg;gLe ;dpdhg/

m aphF;wpg;gpjk \;n\ ;]hg ;dpg ;`hy;yJ;gm ;dpg ;]P]m ;yJ;gm ;f;a

J;eUpklpsf;htm ;`hy;y{`kp`w …………………………………… 17

m\;n\ ;j%;`k ;f;a \ sf;htm );hQpwm J;gpfv ;yhd;dK( ;j}J;y ;dp

ht;jg ………………………………………………………………… 25

\ ;sf;]Pj` w;wkuhjM ;ypj;jjhk ;dhg/ ………………………………26

\ ;ypawiK dhfom ji;jjhk;k, fhkfK ;kFhuhaj F;wpj;jjhk ;dhg/

;sf;qfjNgc ypr dhf;wjtJ;jLg;dag ………………………………… 27

,Wjpahf …………………………………………………………….. 30

;sfziJ;jhrc ………………………………………………………. 32

;sf;qf;fls;sc ………………………………………………………. 33