Design Issuesfor Naval Auxiliaries

David Andrews, FREng, RCNC

Professor of Engineering DesignDesign Research Centre, Marine Research Group

University College London

Introduction – The UCL DRC

• Professor David Andrews FREng

• Computer Aided Preliminary Ship Design• Ship Design Methodology• The Design Environment• Design of Unconventional Vessels• Design Assessments and Reviews• Technical research projects

Atypical naval architect

• Warship Project Manager – new amphibious shipping (LPD, LPH, ATS) plus Royal Yacht study

• Future Projects PM – New concepts CVF, AO, FASM, FSC and Trimaran

• Professor of Naval Architecture UCL – Trimaranand SURFCON research

• Director Surface Ships – Building Frigates and MCMVs plus new FSC plus R. V. TRITON

• Professor Engineering Design UCL – Preliminary design of complex entities

Landing Ship Dock

RFA ARGUS

HMRY Replacement

Research Vessel TRITON

Some Thoughts on Naval Ship Design

Some Thoughts on Naval Ship Design

• NSS are designed and built very frequently and are all different for very good reasons

Some Thoughts on Naval Ship Design

• NSS are designed and built very frequently and are all different for very good reasons

• Ship Characteristics tend to dominate the overall design – weight dominated by structure, space/form by personnel + propulsion, topside/development costs by combat system

Some Thoughts on Naval Ship Design

• NSS are designed and built very frequently and are all different for very good reasons

• Ship Characteristics tend to dominate the overall design – weight dominated by structure, space/form by personnel + propulsion, topside/development costs by combat system

• Innovation in Design Characteristics can be battle winning- need to explore at initial stages – this can change the Requirements (e.g. Trimaran and helofit)

Some Thoughts on Naval Ship Design

Some Thoughts on Naval Ship Design

• NSS are designed and built very frequently and are all different for very good reasons

• Ship Characteristics tend to dominate the overall design –weight dominated by structure, space/form by personnel + propulsion, topside/development costs by combat system

• Innovation in Design Characteristics can be battle winning- need to explore at initial stages – this can change the Requirements (e.g. Trimaran and helo fit)

• S5 - STYLE (robustness, adapt, TLC, lean manning, etc)scope for innovation AND we now have the tools to explore options

Design Building Block realisation -Surface Ship Concept Tool SURFCON

Implementation in PARAMARINE

Hierarchical

Tabular

Graphical

Assessments

Functional Groups

MOVEFLOAT (& Access)

FIGHT INFASTRUCTURE

Example DRC Warship Design Studies

• Mothership Studies with BMT DSL for MoD• JSS study for Canadian JSS bid team

UCL Mothership Studies

Summary of Studies

Study Deep Displacement Ballast Speed Accommodation

te te knotsDock Ship 32000 25100 18/25 368

Command Variant 32200 25100 18/25 368Support Variant 34000 27000 18/25 412

Heavy Lift Ship 38000 49300 18/25 368Crane Ship 25500 4000 18/25 257Fast Crane Ship 46200 6900 40 257Gantry Ship 25500 1650 18/25 247Deep Draught Ship 45700 18800 18/25 247SSK Dock Ship 20650 35500 18/25 172

UCL Canadian JSS Study – Tree of configurational studies

Four Initial Studies

Four Initial Studies

Four Initial Studies

Four Initial Studies

Two Refined Studies

Two Refined Studies

Joint Support Ship

Damaged Stability Assessment: Worst Case

Float

Fight

JSS - Final Developed Configuration

m3121600Enclosed Volumem2.75Min Deckheadm39Max Air Draughtm9.3Max Draughtm19.3Depth MSm1.5Double Hullm31Beam OAm29.8Beam WLm196Length OAm186Length WL

UnitValueDimension

te23125Workingte22208Light Sea Goingte21602Lightte26193Deep

JFSte26879Workingte20728Light Sea Goingte21602Lightte33297Deep

NTGUnitDisplacementCondition

Survivability

• Susceptibility– Probability of being hit

• Vulnerability– Probability of being disabled when hit

• Recoverability– Probability of rectifying the disability after being hit

• Probability of survival = 1 – (S x V x (1 – R))

Vulnerability Assessment

• For determining the probability of ship’s systems surviving a particular weapon detonation

• Example analyses– Simulation of structures and ship services affected– Crew casualty analysis– Validated against test trials

Vulnerability Reduction

• Prevention of sinking– High level of compartmentation and genuine watertight integrity

• Preservation of functionality– Duplication of systems, zoning

• Damage Control and Firefighting– Damage Control parties, Zone boundaries, HVAC zoned

• Magazine protection– Low, armour, spray / flood

Adapting Merchant Shipping

• Weapon fit– Unlikely except for non-lethal weapons

• Sensors and communications– Close – in, CCTV, better comms

• Protection– Protect bridge and ship control centre, duplicate

• Survivability– Improved damage resistance, citadels, (N)BC

• Configuration– Evacuation but also zoning?

1. To explore the impact on naval ship configurational design of issues associated with crew manning numbers, function and movement.

2. To identify key performance measures for successful crew performance in normal and extreme conditions.

3. To extend the ship evacuation software maritimeEXODUS to include additional non-emergency personnel movement simulation capabilities.

4. To extend the ship design software so that it can provide a modelling environment that interactively accepts maritimeEXODUS simulation output for a range of crew evolutions.

5. To demonstrate a methodology for ship design that integrates ship configuration design with modelling of a range of crewing simulation issues through PARAMARINE-SURFCON.

Simulation in Preliminary Warship Design -“Guidance on the Design of Ships for Enhanced Escape and Operations”

Additional Design Model Features for Personnel Simulation: Connectivity Items

Nodal crowding points

Doors in SURFCON

VRML Visualisation Tool

VRML Visualisation Tool

What Simulation Could Bring to Preliminary Ship Design

• Believable solutions– Both technically balanced and descriptive

• Coherent solutions– Dialogue with the customer more than numerical measures– Include visual representation

• Open methods– Responsive to the issues that matter to the customer– Elucidated from the customer or user teams

• Revelatory– Likely design drivers are identified early – Aids effective design exploration

• Creative– Options are not closed down– Rather they are fostered

• The “fifth S” - STYLE

Why Ship Synthesis should be 3 Dimensional- Improve Initial Design

• Naval ships need to be less costly - need to better understand what is wanted - achieve through 3-D informed dialogue

Why Ship Synthesis should be 3 Dimensional- Improve Initial Design

• Naval ships need to be less costly - need to better understand what is wanted - 3-D informed dialogue

• More information rich to avoid mistakes (see DJA’slisting below). Achievable by better articulation through 3-D informed dialogue.

• - Type 23 and choice of cellularity• - FOST ferries not being multihull• - LPH merchantship standards• - delay to FSC • - seeing FSC (C1) as “too big”• - CVF survivability standard

Why Ship Synthesis should be 3 Dimensional- Improve Initial Design

• Naval ships need to be less costly - need to better understand what is wanted - 3-D informed dialogue

• More information rich to avoid mistakes (see DJA UK list) by better articulation through 3-D dialogue

• Better articulate design issues to wider world (All Stakeholders - wider Navy, MoD, the rest of government and to parliament, the media and the public )

http://www.mecheng.ucl.ac.uk/research/marine-systems/design-research/

Trimaran LCS Study –Fly-around of Final Design