Dablinsko jezgro (Dublin Core) i EAD (Encoded Archival Description)

Struktura informacija6. predavanje, 26. maj 2010.

Šta je Dablinsko jezgro?

Dablinsko jezgro je standard za metapodatke koji se sastoji od seta elemenata za opis širokog spektra izvora na mreži.

Naziv potiče od mesta Dablin u Ohaju gde se u OCLC 1995. godine održavala inicijativna radionica OCLC/NCSA Metadata Workshop

Reč jezgro ukazuje na to da je osnova set elemenata metapodataka, ali da je taj set proširiv po principu jezgra.

Dablinsko jezgro

Podrazumeva se opis elektronskih izvora informacija

Sadrži dva nivoa opisa:1. Jednostavni2. Kvalifikovani

Jednostavni i kvalifikovani opis u Dablinskom jezgru Jednostavni opis sadrži 15 elemenata Kvalifikovani opis sadrži tri dodatna

elementa i kvalifikatore Semantika Dablinskog jezgra ustanovljena je

od strane internacionalne, multidisciplinarne grupe profesionalaca iz oblasti bibliotekarstva, računarstva, kodiranja teksta, muzeologije i ostalih srodnih disciplina.

Klase pojmova

Dve klase pojmova:1. Elementi (imenice)2. Kvalifikatori (pridevi)

U Internet svetu Dablinsko jezgro je univerzalni jezik za opis digitalnih dokumenta.

Principi Dablinskog jezgra

1. princip “jedan na jedan”(npr. reprodukcija Mona Lize koja se javlja kao neki jpg

dokument na Internetu je samo ta reprodukcija i ne podrazumeva opis originala)

2. princip “ignoriši” (dumb-down)(odnosi se na potrebu ignorisanja kvalifikovanja i

upotrebe kvalifikatora kod jedinica sa kojima ne postoji direktna relacija)

3. princip odgovarajuće vrednosti (odnosi se na to da se u opisu jednog pojma dodeljuje

direktna asocijativna vrednost)

Ciljevi Dablinskog jezgra

Jednostavnost kreiranja i održavanja (omogućava i onima koji nisu katalogizatori da

kreiraju zapise za digitalne sadržaje)- Jednostavna semantika (sematika koja se koristi je univerzalno razumljiva)- Međunarodno učešće (originalno je nastao na engleskom jeziku, ali danas

postoji i na finskom, norveškom, japanskom, francuskom, portugalskom, nemačkom, grčkom, španskom...)

Ciljevi Dablinskog jezgra (nastavak) Prilagodljivost (predviđeno je da se Dublin Core može

prilagoditi raznim novim digitalnim izvorima informacija koje je potrebno opisati, da se može proširiti zavisno od lokalnih potreba i da je interoperabilan u svim novim situacijama)

Sintaksa u Dablinskom jezgruSintaksa koja se koristi: Generički oblik - element = “vrednost” HTML ili XHTML (Web's Hypertext Markup

Language format ) RDF/XML (Resource Description Framework

koristeći eXtensable Markup Language) XML

Sintaksa u Dablinskom jezgru Izbor sintakse zavisi od različitih promenljivih

i retko se koristi jedan obrazac sintakse koji odgovara svima

Koncept Dablinskog jezgra je dizajniran tako da raznim dokumentima odgovara različita sintaksa, pa je i sintaksa prilagodljiva u skladu sa ciljevima koji su unapred zadati

Elementi jednostavnog opisa u Dablinskom jezgru Jednostavni Dublin Core Metadata Element Set

(DCMES) sastoji se od 15 elemenata : Title - Naslov Subject - Predmet Description - Opis Type – Vrsta Source – Izvor Relation – Odnos Coverage - Pokrivenost Creator - Autor

Elementi jednostavnog opisa u Dablinskom jezgru (nastavak) Publisher - Izdavač Contributor – Saradnik Rights - Prava Date - Datum Format - Format Identifier - Identifikator Language - Jezik

Primeri unosa podataka u okviru elemenata Title – Naslov

Title="A Pilot's Guide to Aircraft Insurance"Title="The Sound of Music"Title="Green on Greens"Title="AOPA's Tips on Buying Used Aircraft“

Subject – PredmetSubject="Aircraft leasing and renting"Subject="Dogs"Subject="Olympic skiing"Subject="Street, Picabo"

Primeri unosa podataka u okviru elemenata Description – Opis

Description="Illustrated guide to airport markings and lighting signals, with particular reference to SMGCS (Surface Movement Guidance and Control System) for airports with low visibility conditions."

Primeri unosa podataka u okviru elemenata Type – Vrsta

Electronic art exhibition catalog:Type="Image“Type="Text“Type="Exhibition catalog“

Source – IzvorSource="Image from page 54 of the 1922 edition of Romeo and Juliet"

Primeri unosa podataka u okviru elemenata Relation – Odnos

Title="Candle in the Wind"Subject="Diana, Princess of Wales"Date="1997"Creator="John, Elton"Type="sound"Description="Tribute to a dead princess."Relation="Elton John's 1976 song Candle in the Wind"

Title="Electronic AACR2"Relation="Anglo-American Cataloging Rules, 2nd edition"

Primeri unosa podataka u okviru elemenata Coverage – Pokrivenost

Coverage="1995-1996"Coverage="Boston, MA"

Coverage="17th century"Coverage="New York"

Primeri unosa podataka u okviru elemenata Creator – Autor (kreator – osoba,

organizacija ili servis)

Creator="Shakespeare, William"Creator="Wen Lee"Creator="Hubble Telescope"

Primeri unosa podataka u okviru elemenata Publisher - Izdavač

Publisher="University of South Where"Publisher="Funky Websites, Inc."Publisher="Carmen Miranda“

Contributor – Saradnik- dodatni podatak vezan za kreatora, odnosno

autora

Primeri unosa podataka u okviru elemenata Rights - PravaRights="Access limited to members"

Rights=http://cstr.cs.cornell.edu/Dienst/Repository/2.0/Terms& quot; Date – Datum (opisivanja izvora)

Date=“2010-02-16"Date=“2010-02"Date=“2010"

Primeri unosa podataka u okviru elemenata Format - Format

Format="image/gif"Format="4 kB“Format="40 x 512 pixels"

Identifier - Identifikator Identifier="http://purl.oclc.org/metadata/dublin_core/& quot;Identifier="ISBN:0385424728"

Primeri unosa podataka u okviru elemenata Language – Jezik (dvoslovne i troslovne

oznake u skladu sa međunarodnim standardima)

Language="en"Language="fr"Language="Primarily English, with some abstracts also in French."Language="en-US“ (američki engleski)Language="en-GB“ (britanski engleski)

Kvalifikovani opis u dablinskom jezgru Sadrži elemente i kvalifikatore Elementi su:Audience – Publika (namena)Provenance - PorekloRightsHolder – Vlasnici prava Kvalifikatori su:InstructionalMethod – Metod obukeAccrualMethod – Metod prirastaAccrualPeriodicity – Periodičnost prirasta AccrualPolicy – Politika prirasta

Primeri unosa podataka u kvalifikovanom opisu Audience="elementary school students"

Audience="ESL teachers"Audience="deaf adults“

Provenance="This copy once owned by Benjamin Spock."Provenance="Estate of Hunter Thompson."Provenance="Stolen in 1999; recovered by the Museum in 2003.“

RightsHolder="Stuart Weibel"RightsHolder="University of Bath“

Primeri unosa podataka u kvalifikovanom opisu InstructionalMethod="Experiential learning"

InstructionalMethod="Observation"

AccrualMethod="Deposit"AccrualMethod="Purchase“

AccrualPeriodicity="Annual"AccrualPeriodicity="Irregular“

AccrualPolicy="Active"AccrualPolicy="Closed"

Dablinsko jezgro – primeri (XML) <dc> <title>Arithmetic</title> <creator>Sandburg, Carl, 1878-1967. </creator> <creator> Rand, Ted, ill.</creator> <type/> <publisher>San Diego :Harcourt Brace Jovanovich,</publisher> <date>c1993.</date> <language>eng</language> <description> A poem about numbers and their characteristics. Features anamorphic, or

distorted, drawings which can be restored to normal by viewing from a particular angle or by viewing the image's reflection in the provided Mylar cone.

</description> <description>One Mylar sheet included in pocket.</description> <subject>Arithmetic</subject> <subject>Children's poetry, American.</subject> <subject>Arithmetic</subject> <subject>American poetry.</subject> <subject>Visual perception.</subject> </dc>

Dublinsko jezgro – primeri (HTML) <META NAME="DC.Title" CONTENT="Who's who in the Metamorphosis of Ovid :

the Analytical Onomasticon Project"><META NAME="DC.Title.alternative" CONTENT="Ovid, Metamorphoses: the Analytical Onomasticon Project (homepage)"><META NAME="DC.Creator.personalName" SCHEME="LCNAF" CONTENT="McCarty, Willard"><META NAME="DC.Creator.personalName" SCHEME="LCNAF" CONTENT="Wright, Burton"><META NAME="DC.Creator.personalName" SCHEME="LCNAF" CONTENT="Suksi, Aara"><META NAME="DC.Creator.corporateName" SCHEME="LCNAF" CONTENT="Analytical Onomasticon Project"><META NAME="DC.Description" CONTENT=“An electronic reference book to persons and places in the Metamorphoses of Ovid. It is based on a densely tagged electronic text of the poem and is generated automatically by indexing software written for the purpose. Both the tagged text and the indexing software will be supplied with the book so that the reader can modify the tagging and regenerate the indexes at will."><META NAME="DC.Subject" SCHEME="LCSH" CONTENT="Ovid, 43 B.C.-17 or 18. Metamorphoses--Concordances--Databases."><META NAME="DC.Subject" SCHEME="LCSH" CONTENT="Mythology, Classical--Databases."><META NAME="DC.Subject" SCHEME="LCSH" CONTENT="Poetry, Latin--Databases.">

Dublinsko jezgro - primeri <META NAME="DC.Relation.IsFormatOf" CONTENT="Ovid, 43 B.C.-17

or 18. Metamorphoses"><META NAME="DC.Identifier" SCHEME="URL" CONTENT="http://www.princeton.edu/~mccarty/Onomasticon/"><META NAME="DC.Date.modified" IETF.RFC-822 CONTENT="1997-02-01"><META NAME="DC.Type" CONTENT="text"><META NAME="DC.Type" CONTENT="data"><META NAME="DC.Format" CONTENT="?"><META NAME="DC.Source" SCHEME="URL" CONTENT="The electronic text used for the Project was kindly supplied on request by the Packard Humanities Institute; it has subsequently been brought into conformity with the text of the Loeb, 3rd edition, as revised by G. P. Goold."><META NAME="DC.Language" SCHEME="RFC 1766" CONTENT="en"><META NAME="DC.Language" CONTENT="Latin">

Dablinsko jezgro – primeri (HTML) <metadata> <dc:title> UKOLN </dc:title>

<dcterms:alternative> UK Office for Library and Information Networking </dcterms:alternative> <dc:subject> national centre, network information support, library community, awareness, research, information services,public library networking, bibliographic management, distributed library systems, metadata, resource discovery, conferences,lectures, workshops </dc:subject> <dc:subject xsi:type="dcterms:DDC"> 062 </dc:subject> <dc:subject xsi:type="dcterms:UDC"> 061(410) </dc:subject>

<dc:description> UKOLN is a national focus of expertise in digital information management. It provides policy, research and awareness services to the UK library, information and cultural heritage communities. UKOLN is based at the University of Bath. </dc:description>

<dc:description xml:lang="fr"> UKOLN est un centre national d'expertise dans la gestion de l'information digitale. </dc:description>

<dc:publisher> UKOLN, University of Bath </dc:publisher> <dcterms:isPartOf xsi:type="dcterms:URI"> http://www.bath.ac.uk/ </dcterms:isPartOf>

<dc:identifier xsi:type="dcterms:URI"> http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/ </dc:identifier>

<dcterms:modified xsi:type="dcterms:W3CDTF"> 2001-07-18 </dcterms:modified>

<dc:format xsi:type="dcterms:IMT"> text/html </dc:format> <dcterms:extent> 14 Kbytes </dcterms:extent>

</metadata>

Poređenje Dablinskog jezgra i UNIMARC

Poređenje Dablinskog jezgra i UNIMARC Dublin Core UNIMARC

Naslov 200 $a Glavni stvarni naslov 200 $e Podnaslov 510 $a Uporedni naslov517 $a Ostali varijantni naslovi Autor (krator) 700 $a Lično ime – primarna odgovornost 701 $a Lično ime – alternativna odgovornost 710 $a Korporativno ime - primarna odgovornost 711 $a Korporativno ime - alternativna odgovornost Predmet 606 $a Tematska predmetna odrednica 675 $a UDC 676 $a DDC 680 $a LCC 686 $a Ostali klasifikacioni sistemi

Poređenje Dablinskog jezgra i UNIMARC Dublin Core UNIMARC

Opis 330 $a Tekst sažetka ili apstrakta Izdavač 210 $c Naziv izdavačaSaradnici 701 $a Lično ime – alternativna odgovornost 711 $a Korporativno ime – alternativna odgovornostDatum 210 $d Godina izdavanja Vrsta 608 $a Formalna predmetna odrednica Format 336 $a Tip kompjuterskih podataka Identifikator 010 $a ISBN 011 $a ISSN856 $aURL Izvor 324 $a Napomena o izvoru Jezik 101 $a Jezik jedinice Odnos 300 $a Opšta napomena Pokrivenost 300 $a Opšta napomena Prava 300 $a Opšta napomena

Šta je EAD?

EAD - Encoding Archival Description - kodirani opis arhivske građe

Razvoj projekta od 1993. u Biblioteci Berkli univerziteta u Kaliforniji

Podrazumeva razvoj standarda za kodiranje mašinski čitljivih podataka kao što su inventari, registri, indeksi i drugi dokumenti koji su kreirani u arhivama, bibliotekama, muzejima i kolekcijama rukopisa u cilju podrške korišćenju tih fondova

EAD - kriterijumi

Kriterijume uspostavio Daniel Pitti, glavni istraživač na projektu Berkli univerziteta

Kriterijumi: 1. sposobnost da predstavi obimne

informacije pronađene u arhivskim informacionim sredstvima

2. sposobnost da sačuva hijerarhijske odnose između različtih nivoa opisa

EAD - kriterijumi

3. sposobnost da predstavi opisne informacije povezujući ih po hijerarhijskom principu

4. sposobnost da se kreće unutar hijerarhijske strukture informacija

5. podrška za specifično indeksiranje i pretraživanje elemenata

EAD – tehničke karakteristike i standardi ISAD(G) - General International Standard

Archival Description ASCII tekst HTML MARC (standard Z39.2/ISO 2709) SGML XML

EAD - principi

1. dostupnost arhivske građe iz različitih institucija korisnicima širom sveta; standard mora da odgovri najrazličitijim potrebama

2. EAD elementi i atributi moraju da budu univerzalni jer je potrebno omogućiti međunarodnu razmenu EAD zapisa; neophodno ga je prilagoditi različitim jezicima, pismima i medijima

EAD - principi

3. informacije moraju biti javno dostupne; to nije sistem za upravljanje aktivnostima kao što su prenos vlasništva, očuvanje, izložba, korišćenje, skladištenje i tehnička obrada materijala.

4. EAD je struktura podataka; on ne propisuje kako se formulišu podaci koji se pojavljuju. EAD Biblioteka etiketa ilustruje tip podataka koji se uključuju; mora se voditi računa da se osigura kompatibilnost sa spoljnim standardima.

EAD - principi

5. EAD je format za komunikaciju zasnovan na standardu SGML/XML; u specifičnim situacijama EAD se mora prilagoditi okruženju

6. EAD se fokusira na strukturalne sadržaje arhivskih opisa, a ne na svoju prezentaciju; standard mora da obezbedi dovoljno mehanizama za podršku zapisima u različitim formatima. Ovo može da obuhvati tradicionalne oblike kao što su registri, inventari, i liste raznih vrsta, kao i nove oblike namenjene za web prezentacije i štampanje.

EAD - principi

7. EAD određuje poredak i grupisanje elemenata u ograničenom stepenu; to su unutrašnje strukture

8. Kontinuitet strukture i sadržaja je važan faktor u prihvatanju i primeni EAD; tehnološko okruženje za EAD je složeno za mnoge institucije, ali ciljevi EAD će biti najbolje ostvariti ako je tehnička barijera za njegovo korišćenje svedena na minimum; EAD prednost daje dodavanju umesto zameni elemenata i kompatibilnosti novih EAD verzija sa starijim

EAD elementi i atributi

U skladu sa XML i EAD se sastoji iz elemenata i atributa

Popis oznaka elemenata i atributa naveden je na web prezentaciji EAD standarda

EAD – primer 1 <archdesc level="fonds"> <did> <head>Descriptive Summary</head> <unittitle label="Title">Richard Egan manuscript maps of Orange County</unittitle> <unitdate type="inclusive" normal="1878/1879">Circa 1878- 1879</unitdate> <unitid countrycode="us" repositorycode="cu-i" label="Collection number">MS-R72</unitid> <origination label="Creator"> <persname rules="aacr2">Egan, Richard, 1842- 1923</persname> </origination> <physdesc label="Extent">

<extent>1 linear foot (1 box)</extent> </physdesc> <repository label="Repository"> <corpname rules="aacr2">University of California, Irvine. Library. Special Collections and Archives.</corpname> </repository> <abstract label="Abstract">Four manuscript survey maps and

one plat map depicting areas of Orange County and attributed to the noted surveyor and judge Richard Egan. One map is dated 1878 and 1879 by Egan. The other maps are undated and unsigned but it is likely that he drew them during these years. These maps primarily depict subdivisions of non-rancho tracts of land occupying what is now Orange County, with the addition of some topographical details.</abstract>

</did> </archdesc>

EAD – primer 2 </eadheader> <archdesc level="collection" relatedencoding="MARC21"> <did> <origination> <persname source="lcnaf" rules="aacr2" role="creator"

encodinganalog="100">Goodwin, George M.</persname> </origination> <unittitle encodinganalog="245$a" label="Title: ">Architects’

interviews collection</unittitle> <unitdate normal="1992/1993" encodinganalog="245$f"

type="inclusive" label="Dates: ">1992-1993</unitdate> <repository encodinganalog="852$a" label="Repository:

">University of Minnesota Libraries. <subarea>Northwest Architectural Archives, Manuscripts

Division [naa]</subarea>

</repository> <physdesc label="Quantity: "> <extent encodinganalog="300"> 4 audio cassettes</extent> <extent>( linear feet)</extent></physdesc> <abstract encodinganalog="520" label="Abstract: ">Collection

includes interviews by George M. Goodwin of four architects: Gunnar Birkerts, Helmut Jahn, Philip Johnson, and Cesar Pelli, who express their opinions on significant examples and influences on 20th century architecture. </abstract>

<unitid encodinganalog="099" countrycode="mnu" repositorycode="MnU" label="Collection Number: ">N 148</unitid>

<langmaterial encodinganalog="546" label="Language: "> <language encodinganalog="041" langcode="eng">English</language>

</langmaterial> <physloc label="Location: ">Mezzanine</physloc> </did> <descgrp> <head>Administrative Information </head>

<accessrestrict encodinganalog="506"> <head>Restrictions on Access</head>

<p>Available for use in the Manuscripts Division reading room. Advance notice is requested.</p>

</accessrestrict> <userestrict encodinganalog="540"> <head>Restrictions on Use</head> <p>There are no restrictions on the use of materials in this

collection. Copies can be requested if the condition of the originals warrants it. </p>

</userestrict> <prefercite encodinganalog="524"> <head>Preferred Citation</head> <p>Architects’ interviews collection (N 148), Northwest

Architectural Archives, University of Minnesota Libraries, Minneapolis.</p>

</prefercite> </descgrp> <scopecontent encodinganalog="520">

<head>Scope and Content Note</head> <p>The collection is composed of taped interviews made by

George M. Goodwin with architects Gunnar Birkerts (Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, December 16, 1993); Helmut Jahn (Chicago, December 21, 1993); Philip Johnson (New York City, July 27. 1992); and Cesar Pelli (New Haven, Connecticut, February 4, 1992). The interviews summarize the life and career of each individual, with comments on their buildings and their approaches to design. Johnson's interview is almost entirely devoted to his opinions of Frank Lloyd Wright's work.</p>

</scopecontent> <otherfindaid> <head>Additional Finding Aid</head> <p>An unpublished finding aid with detailed contents is

available in the Manuscripts Division.</p> </otherfindaid> <controlaccess> <head>Index Terms</head> <p>This collection is indexed under the following headings in

the catalog of the University of Minnesota Libraries. Researchers desiring materials about related topics, persons or places should search the catalog using these headings. </p>

<persname encodinganalog="700 1" source="lcnaf" rules="aacr2">Goodwin, George M. </persname>

<persname encodinganalog="600 1" source="lcnaf" rules="aacr2">Birkerts, Gunnar </persname>

<persname encodinganalog="600 1" source="lcnaf" rules="aacr2">Jahn, Helmut, 1940- </persname>

<persname encodinganalog="600 1" source="lcnaf" rules="aacr2">Johnson, Philip, 1906- </persname>

<persname encodinganalog="600 1" source="lcnaf" rules="aacr2">Pelli, Cesar</persname>

<subject encodinganalog="650" source="lcsh">Architecture -- 20th Century</subject>

</controlaccess> </archdesc> </ead>