C.W. ShelmerdineIntroduction to Greek 2nd edition(Newburyport, MA: Focus, 2008)

Chapter 23

Shelmerdine Chapter 23Athematic (-) verbs Athematic (-) verbs, first principal part Athematic (-) verbs, third principal part Further comparison of adjectives in -, - Declension of comparatives -

Shelmerdine Chapter 23Athematic (-) verbs Athematic (-) verbs, first principal part Athematic (-) verbs, third principal part Further comparison of adjectives in -, - Declension of comparatives -

Shelmerdine Chapter 23Athematic (-) verbs Almost all verbs in Greek are thematic verbs, because they have a thematic vowel (the / before the endings). They are also known as verbs, since their first principal part ends in . A small number of Greek verbs are athematic because they have no thematic vowel. These are known as verbs, since their first principal part ends in .

Shelmerdine Chapter 23Athematic (-) verbs These verbs display slightly different endings and sometimes feature small changes to their stems at unusual times. This system of endings also lies behind the forms of the aorist passive system.

Shelmerdine Chapter 23Athematic (-) verbs Although there are very few verbs, some are very common.You first learned the most common verb, . In Chapter 14, you learned another verb, say.

Shelmerdine Chapter 23ACTIVEsingular- - - plural- - - MIDDLE/PASSIVE singular- - - plural- - - present tense(with differences from thematic verbs noted)for for for

Shelmerdine Chapter 23ACTIVE singular- - -plural- - - PASSIVE singular- - - plural- - - imperfect tense(with differences from thematic verbs noted)for

Shelmerdine Chapter 23Athematic (-) verbs Athematic (-) verbs, first principal part Athematic (-) verbs, third principal part Further comparison of adjectives in -, - Declension of comparatives -

Shelmerdine Chapter 23 verbsThis section shows the forms of four common verbs.Their principal parts are (with stems highlighted): , , , , , show, , , , -, put, , /, , , stand, , , , , give

Shelmerdine Chapter 23 verbsThis section shows the present and imperfect indicative, from the first principal part., , , , , show, , , , -, put, , /, , , stand, , , , , give

Shelmerdine Chapter 23ACTIVEsingular plural MIDDLE/PASSIVE singular plural present tensestem =

Shelmerdine Chapter 23ACTIVEsingular plural MIDDLE/PASSIVE singular plural present tensestem = for

Shelmerdine Chapter 23ACTIVEsingular plural MIDDLE/PASSIVE singular plural present tensestem = for

Shelmerdine Chapter 23ACTIVEsingular plural MIDDLE/PASSIVE singular plural present tensestem = for

Shelmerdine Chapter 23ACTIVE singular plural PASSIVE singular plural imperfect tensestem =

Shelmerdine Chapter 23ACTIVE singular plural PASSIVE singular plural imperfect tensestem = for

Shelmerdine Chapter 23ACTIVE singular plural PASSIVE singular plural imperfect tensestem = for

Shelmerdine Chapter 23ACTIVE singular plural PASSIVE singular plural imperfect tensestem = for

Shelmerdine Chapter 23Athematic (-) verbs Athematic (-) verbs, first principal part Athematic (-) verbs, third principal part Further comparison of adjectives in -, - Declension of comparatives -

Shelmerdine Chapter 23 verbsThis section shows the aorist indicative, from the third principal part., , , , -, put, , , , , stand, , , , , give The aorist of () and the 1st (weak) aorist of () are both regular, so they are not shown separately.

Shelmerdine Chapter 23ACTIVE singular plural MIDDLE singular plural aorist tensestem = for

Shelmerdine Chapter 23ACTIVE singular plural MIDDLE None. This tense is intransitive.Transitive active and middleforms belong to the (regular)1st (weak) aorist .aorist tense: stem = Notice that these forms resemble the regular aorist passive.

Shelmerdine Chapter 23ACTIVE singular plural MIDDLE singular ( ) plural aorist tensestem = for

Shelmerdine Chapter 23 verbsn the infinitive mood, verbs use the ending in the active (as do the perfect active and aorist passive) and the regular in the middle.

Shelmerdine Chapter 23ACTIVEpresent-aorist-MIDDLEpresent-aorist-infinitives

Shelmerdine Chapter 23ACTIVEpresentaoristregular 1st (weak) MIDDLEpresentaoristregular 1st (weak)infinitives

Shelmerdine Chapter 23ACTIVEpresentaorist MIDDLEpresentaorist infinitives

Shelmerdine Chapter 23ACTIVEpresentaorist MIDDLEpresentaorist---infinitives

Shelmerdine Chapter 23ACTIVEpresentaorist MIDDLEpresentaorist infinitives

Shelmerdine Chapter 23 verbsn the participle mood, verbs resemble the 1st (weak) aorist. In the active, the forms are analogous to . The middle participles all use the regular - - -.

Shelmerdine Chapter 23ACTIVEpresent aoristregular 1st (weak)MIDDLEpresent - - aoristregular 1st (weak)Participles

Shelmerdine Chapter 23ACTIVEpresent aorist MIDDLEpresent - - aorist - -ParticiplesThe active forms are like the regular aorist passive (Chapter 22.3).

Shelmerdine Chapter 23ACTIVEpresent aorist MIDDLEpresent - - aorist---ParticiplesThe active forms resemble .

Shelmerdine Chapter 23ACTIVEpresent aorist MIDDLEpresent - - aorist - -Participles

Shelmerdine Chapter 23 verbsn the imperative mood, verbs are mostly regular. In the present active, the 2nd person singular ending contracts (, , , ). In the aorist active, the 2nd person singular forms are , , and .

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