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Curs virusologie pentru cadre medii(asistenti medicali generalisti) si nu numai.

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  • CURS 3

    VIRUSURILE HEPATITICE

    Dr. Gabriela Turcu

  • VIRUSURILE HEPATITICE

    VIRUSUL HEPATITIC A

    Sunt virusuri ce apartin mai multor familii, cunoscandu-se cel

    putin 5 virusuri hepatotrope umane:

    Virusul hepatitic de tip A (VHA) - familia Picornaviridae,

    genul Enterovirus, virus ARN, de dimensiuni mici

    Calea de patrundere fecal-orala

    Sursa de infectie omul bolnav (elimina virus prin fecale)

    Virusul se replica in intestin, apoi in ficat necroza hepatocitelor

  • VIRUS HEPATITIC A

    schema si vedere la microscop cu fluorescenta

  • VIRUSURILE HEPATITICE

    VIRUSUL HEPATITIC A Perioada de incubatie: 20 50 zile

    Clinic:

    asimptomatic

    simptomatic: fenomene digestive, icter al tegumentelor si

    mucoaselor

    Imunitatea este specifica si durabila

    Receptivitatea generala, mai ales in randul copiilor

  • PREVALENTA HEPATITEI A

  • VIRUSURILE HEPATITICE

    VIRUSUL HEPATITIC B

    Virusul hepatitic B (VHB) este un virus ADN , de forma

    sferica, ce apartine familiei Hepadnaviridae, genul

    Hepadnavirus.

    Genomul VHB este cel mai mic genom ADN uman cunoscut

    Virusul prezinta:

    un miez, core, caracterizat de un antigen, AgHBc (nu apare in sange)

    capsida, cu un antigen de suprafata, AgHBs (arata infectarea)

    miezul elimina si un antigen in sange, AgHBe (semnifica

    replicare activa a virusului)

  • VIRUSUL HEPATITIC B

    modele structurale

  • VIRUSURILE HEPATITICE

    VIRUSUL HEPATITIC B Transmiterea VHB: expunere perinatala, contact sexual, contact cu

    sange si produse de sange, transplant de organe si tesuturi,

    manopere percutane cu instrumente contaminate

    Infectii cu VHB

    1.Hepatita acuta

    inaparenta sau asimptomatica (1/3)

    simptomatica

    tipica cu fenomene digestive, oboseala si icter (1/3)

    atipica - anicteric, cu fenomene pseudo-reumatismale, cu

    manifestari pseudo-gripale, eruptii cutanate (1/3)

  • PREVALENTA HEPATITEI B

  • VIRUSURILE HEPATITICE

    VIRUSUL HEPATITIC B

    2.Hepatopatii cronice forme

    purtator asimptomatic in sange AgHBs +/- AgHBc

    hepatitele cronice si ciroza hepatica AgHBs si afectare hepatocitara de diferite grade

    carcinomul hepatocelular

    La adulti, cam 10% cronicizeaza

    La copii, cam 90% cronicizeaza

  • PACIENTI CU CIROZA

    HEPATICA

  • VIRUSURILE HEPATITICE

    VIRUSUL HEPATITIC C

    Virusul hepatitic C (VHC) familia Flaviviridae

    virus ARN de forma sferica, contine genom, capsida si

    anvelopa

    se transmite prin transfuzii de sange si derivate de sange

    perioada de incubatie pana la 180 de zile

    in 60-80% din cazuri infectia se cronicizeaza, evoluand de

    obicei asimptomatic

    poate evolua spre ciroza hepatica sau carcinom hepatic

  • VIRUSUL HEPATITIC C

  • hematii

    Virus hepatitic C

    Reprezentari ale

    virusului hepatitic C

  • PREVALENTA HEPATITEI C

  • VIRUSURILE HEPATITICE

    VIRUSUL HEPATITIC DELTA (D) Infectia cu virus hepatitic D (VHD) apare ca

    suprainfectie la cei cu VHB (nu poate exista singur)

    se transmite pe cale parenterala

    perioada de incubatie: 21 60 de zile

    forme de infectie acuta:

    co-infectia subiectul este simultan infectat cu VHB si cu VHD; evolutia spre cronicizare este rara (5% din cazuri)

    suprainfectia cu VHD a unui purtator cronic de VHB; evolutia

    spre cronicizare se produce in peste 80% din cazuri. 70 80% din formele cornice evolueaza spre ciroza, adesea in mai putin

    de 2 ani.

  • VIRUSUL HEPATITIC D

  • VIRUSURILE HEPATITICE

    VIRUSUL HEPATITIC E

    Virusul hepatitic E (VHE) virus ADN, mic, sferic

    transmitere pe cale fecal-orala

    mai frecvent la adolescenti si tineri

    evolutie in peste 50% din cazuri asimptomatic

    infectia este asemanatoare celei cu VHA

    la gravide poate evolua sever

  • VIRUS HEPATITIC E

    vedere la microscop electronic

  • VIRUSURILE HEPATITICE

    Epidemiologia hepatitelor

    rezervorul de virus omul bolnav si purtatorii cronici

    cai de transmitere:

    orala VHA, VHE

    parenterala VHB, VHC, VHD

    receptivitatea generala

    imunitatea specifica si durabila

  • Mustele pot provoca boli ca

    hepatita, febra tifoida,

    dizenteria amibiana

    si poliomielita

    contaminand

    alimentele

    sau apa

    Cai de transmitere a

    hepatitelor


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Curs_3 radiometrie

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