Curs X - biologie.kappa.ro · Muschii respiratori Inspiratie P ... -activarea muschilor...
Transcript of Curs X - biologie.kappa.ro · Muschii respiratori Inspiratie P ... -activarea muschilor...
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Curs X
Respiratia
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Plamanii
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Caile respiratorii
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Caile respiratorii – traheea si bronhiile
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Epiteliul cailor raspiratorii – celule ciliate si celule secretorii (mucus)
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Bronhiolele respiratorii; sacii alveolari; alveolele
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Alveola
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Peretele alveolar
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Peretele alveolar
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Surfactantul pulmonar
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Tensiunea superficiala a apei – rolul surfactantului
Dipalmitoil-fosfatidilcolina
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Ventilatia
Pneumotorax
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Inspiratia Expiratia
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Muschii respiratori
Inspiratie Palv < Patm – influx de aer in plamani
Expiratie Palv > Patm – eflux de aer din plamani
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Variatia volumului pulmonar intre expiratie si inspiratie
Expiratie Inspiratie
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Manevra Heimlich – expiratia fortata
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Presiunile partiale ale gazelor
Patm = 760 mm Hg
Aer – 21% O2 PO2 = 160 mm Hg
PCO2 = 0,3 mm Hg
AlveolePO2 = 105 mm Hg
PCO2 = 40 mm Hg
Sange arterialPO2 = 100 mm Hg
PCO2 = 40 mm Hg
TesuturiPO2 < 40 mm Hg
PCO2 > 46 mm Hg
Sange venosPO2 = 40 mm Hg
PCO2 = 46 mm Hg
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Schimbul de gaze in respiratia externa si interna
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Transportul oxigenului (O2) in sange - hemoglobina
>98% din O2 transportat de sange este legat de Hb
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Hemoglobina si hemul
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Siclemia – sickle cell disease
-mutatie punctiforma a Hb (E6V)
-agregarea Hb – forma de secera a
hematiilor
-ischemie, hemoliza, anemie
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Curba de saturare cu O2 a hemoglobinei
-curba este deplasata spre dreapta de cresteri ale PCO2, H+, Temp, DPG (difosfoglicerat)
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Transportul CO2 intre tesuturi si sange
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Transportul CO2 intre sange si alveole
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Controlul nervos al respiratiei
Bulbul rahidian
-grupul respirator dorsal
-in timpul inspiratiei
-activarea muschilor inspiratori
-grupul respirator ventral
-expiratia activa
-activarea muschilor expiratori
Puntea lui Varolio (pons)
-centrul pneumotaxic
-centrul apneustic
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Chemoreceptorii periferici
-corpii aortici
-detecteaza scaderea PO2 si a pH-ului sangvin
-distincti de baroreceptorii din aceleasi locatii
-corpii carotidieni
Chemoreceptorii bulbari
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PO2 in aer
PO2 in alveole
PO2 arterial
Frecventa PA in chemoreceptori
Frecventa si forta contractiilor muschilor respiratori
Ventilatia
PO2 alveolar si PO2 arterial
Reflex bulbar
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Emfizem pulmonar
-distrugerea peretelui alveolar; fuziunea alveolelor; distrugerea capilarelor pulmonare
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Astm bronsic
-contractia cailor respiratorii datorita inflamatiei bronsice (alergie, viroza, mediu)