CS-22 SWATI VARDAMAN

8/14/2019 CS-22 SWATI VARDAMAN

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Japan has made three types of prototypes: RedTacton transceiver --PC card type, hub

type and RedTacton device (box type) for RedTacton.

This paper investigates on how RedTacton works, mechanisms for

communication with RedTacton, its Features and its broad range of application fields are

explained in detail giving the comparisons with other networks.

Introduction:

Perhaps many of us have imagined the future as a place crawling with antennas and

emitters, due to the huge growth of wireless communications. And its possible that this

is exactly how it will look like, but it seems that the current means of transferring data

might already have a very serious competitor, none other than the human body.

NTT Labs, the research and development wing of Nippon Telegraph and Telephone

Corporation from Japan, plans to start conducting field trials for a radical new "human

area networking" technology called RedTacton that uses the naturally-occurring electrical

fields of human skin to transmit data. RedTacton involves initiating communication

with a touch that could result in a wide range of actions in response. So, NTT combined

touch and action to coin the term Tacton, andthen added the wordRed-- a warm color --

to emphasize warm and cordial communications, creating the nameRedTacton.

According to NTT Laboratories, our whole body is the perfect conductor for

electronic data, meaning that information such as music and films could be downloaded

in seconds via your elbow. NTT, the Japanese telecoms group, and the team of scientists

that invented the Red Tacton system, envisage a future in which the human body acts as a

non-stop conduit for information. Wireless networks often hampered by intermittent

service will eventually be replaced, NTT says, by human area networks. The

developers are convinced that the new technology will be highly disruptive

undermining existing wireless industries and causing everyone to rethink the way that

everyday actions could be undertaken. Field tests are under way and the first commercial

appearance of Red Tacton is expected next year.


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RedTacton uses the minute electric field emitted on the surface of the

human body. Technically, it is completely distinct from wireless and infrared.

A transmission path is formed at the moment a part of the human body comes in contact

with a RedTacton transceiver. The slim, PCMCIA-based RedTacton transceiver

combines an optical receiver circuit equipped with a super-sensitive photonic electrical

field sensor and a crystal to transmit data over the surface of human body at up to 10

megabits per second between wearable devices. Using RedTacton, communication starts

when terminals carried by the user or embedded in devices are linked in various

combinations according to the user's natural, physical movements. Linked only by touch,

the transceivers can also connect to similar transceivers worn by other users or embedded

in any objects in real space, such as turnstiles or consumer electronics. Promising bettersecurity and far less interference than short-range wireless technologies such as

Bluetooth, ZigBee and Near-Field Communications. Physically separating ends the

contact and thus ends communication

Communication is possible using any body surfaces, such as the

hands, fingers, arms, feet, face, legs or torso. RedTacton works through shoes and

clothing as well.


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.

The RedTacton transmitter induces a weak electric field on the surface of the

body.

The RedTacton receiver senses changes in the weak electric field on the surface

of the body caused by the transmitter.

RedTacton relies upon the principle that the optical properties of an electro-optic

crystal can vary according to the changes of a weak electric field.

RedTacton detects changes in the optical properties of an electro-optic crystal

using a laser and converts the result to an electrical signal in a optical receiver

circuit.

RedTacton transceivers which integrate transmitters and receivers are also

available.

The Red Tacton chips, which will be embedded in various

devices, contain a transmitter and receiver built to send and accept data stored in a

digital format. The transmitter sends data by inducing fluctuations in the minute

electric field on the surface of the human body. The naturally occurring electric field

induced on the surface of the human body dissipates into the earth. Therefore, this

electric field is exceptionally faint and unstable. Data is received using a photonic

electric field sensor that combines an electro-optic crystal and a laser light to detect

fluctuations in the minute electric field.


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The chip then takes any type of file, such as an MP3 music file or email, and

converts it into a format that takes the form of digital pulses that can be passed and

read through a human being's electric field. The chip in the receiving device readsthese tiny changes and converts the file back into its original form. RedTacton

transceivers can be treated as standard network devices, so software running over

Ethernet or other TCP/IP protocol-based networks will run unmodified.

The photonic electric field sensor developed by NTT enables weak electric fields

to be measured by detecting changes in the optical properties of an electro-optic

crystal with a laser beam

In addition to the WANs (Internet) and LANs, there are applications best served by

Human Area Networks (HANs) that connect the last meter.

RedTacton enables the first practical Human Area Network between body-centered

electronic devices and PCs or other network devices embedded in the environment via a

new generation of user interface based on totally natural human actions.


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Features:

RedTacton has three main functional features:

Touching, gripping, sitting, walking, stepping and other human movements can be

the triggers for unlocking or locking, starting or stopping equipment, or obtaining data.

Using RedTacton, communication starts when terminals carried by the user or embedded

in devices are linked in various combinations through physical contact according to the

human's natural movements.

Duplex, interactive communication is possible at a maximum speed of 10Mbps*.

Because the transmission path is on the surface of the body, transmission speed does not

deteriorate in congested areas where many people are communicating at the same time. *

Maximum communication speed may be slower than 10Mbps depending on the usageenvironment.

Taking advantage of this speed, device drivers can be downloaded instantly and execute

Program can be sent.
http://www.redtacton.com/en/feature/02.htmlhttp://www.redtacton.com/en/feature/01.html


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APPLICATION FIELDS:

One To One Services:

With the ability to send attribute data from personal information devices worn on

the body to computers embedded in the environment, one-to-one services could

implemented that are tailored to the individual needs of the user. Enable one-to-one

services tailored to the user's situation and tastes. Attribute information recorded in the

RedTacton device is sent to the touched objects. The appropriate service is provided

based on the attribute information received by the RedTacton receiver.

RedTacton devices embedded medicine bottles transmit information on the

medicines' attributes. If the user touches the wrong medicine, an alarm will trigger on the

terminal he is carrying. The alarm sounds only if the user actually touches the medicine

bottle, reducing false alarms common with passive wireless ID tags, which can trigger

simply by proximity.

Alert and contact record at medical, long-term care, and childcare facilities. Avoidance of

risk at construction sites (an alarm sounds if special equipment is handled by anyone

other than supervisors)

Intuitive Operations:

Communication is triggered by totally natural human actions and

behavior, so there is no need to insert smart cards, connect cables, tune frequencies, or

any of the other inconveniences usually associated with today's electronic devices.

Natural movements and actions are the trigger. Theres no "operation" any more. Just


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intuitive human interaction. RedTacton transceivers embedded in two terminals can

communicate not only data but also the control or configuration instructions needed to

operate devices. Cable connections are eliminated. The body itself is used as transmission

medium.

Print out where you want just by touching the desired printer with one hand and a PC or

digital camera with the other hand to make the link Complicated configurations are

reduced by downloading device drivers "at first touch".

Display

notebook PC screen on projectors with just a touch. Transfer songs to portable music

players from notebook PCs with just a touch

By shaking hands, personal profile data can be exchanged between mobile terminals on

the users. (Electronic exchange of business cards) Communication can be kept private

using authentication and encryption technologies

Group photos taken with digital cameras are instantly transferred to individual's mobile

terminal. Diagrams written on white boards during meetings are transferred to

individual's mobile terminals on the spot.

Personalization:


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Digital lifestyle can be instantly personalized with just a touch. Setup,

registration, and configuration information for an individual user can all be uploaded to a

device the instant the device is touched, eliminating the need for the device to be

registered or configured in advance. A pre-recorded configuration script can be

embedded in a mobile terminal with built-in RedTacton transceiver. When another device

with RedTacton capabilities is touched, personalization data and configuration scripts can

be downloaded automatically.

Your own phone number is

allocated and billing commences. Automatic importing of personal address book and call

history.

The PC is configured to the user's specifications simply by touching the mouse. Room

temperature and lighting are customized when a switch in the living room is pressed.

The seat position and steering wheel height adjust to match the driver just by sitting in the

car. The driver's home is set as the destination in the car navigation system. The stereo

plays the drivers favorite song.

Touching the

TV remote control triggers a filter/search routine according to your personal

programming preferences.


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Security Applications:

RedTacton could be installed on doors, cabinets and other locations

calling for secure access, such that each secure access could be initiated and authenticated

with a simple touch. At the same time, all the transaction details and relevant user

attributes (personal identity, security clearance, etc.) could be logged by the security

system.

Carrying a mobile RedTacton-capable device in one's pocket, ID is verified and the door

unlocked when the user holds the doorknob normally. Secure lock administration is

possible by combining personal verification tools such as fingerprint ID or other

biometric in the mobile terminal.

Automated

car door lock/unlock just by touching the handle; unlocking a bicycle just by sitting on it.

As a pass in amusement facilities

Comparison with other Human communication Methods:

RedTacton surpasses other human area networks in terms of communication

performance and user convenience."Intra-body communication" using the human body as

a transmission medium has been reported, but the electric field/photonics method

employed by RedTacton is superior to conventional methods in terms of communication

distance, speed, and interactivity. P: Possible; N: Not possible, P*: possible under some

conditions


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Signal &

Detection

system

Ground line

Distance

&

speed

Duplex

communic

ation

Contact status with

the electrode

Between

mobile

terminals

Between

mobile

terminals

and

external

equipment

Amperage

electric

Clear

signal

lines

needed for

body and

earth

ground

Elbow to

fingertip

at approx.

3kbps

N P*

The electrode

must be in

constant contact

with the body to

maintain good

conductivity

Voltage

electric

Capacity

coupling

between

the earth

ground

and

equipment

Wrist to

fingertip

at approx.

1kbps

P* P*

Communication

possible even

when passing

through thin

insulators

Electric

field

photonics

(RedTacton)

Capacity

coupling

between

the earth

ground

Anywhere

on the

body at up

to

10Mbps

P P Communication

possible even

through shoes

and clothing


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and

equipment

RedTacton does not require the electrode be in direct contact with the skin. High-speed

communication is possible between two arbitrary points on the body.

With the electric amperage method, a clear signal line and ground line are required. With

the electric voltage method, capacity coupling can substitute. Therefore, the electrode

does not have to be in direct contact with the skin.

On the other hand, photonic electric field sensors used in RedTacton can measure stand-

alone contacts without being influenced by grounds. As a result, the received waveform

is not distorted, regardless of the receiver location. This makes long-distance and high-

speed body surface transmission possible

System Safety:


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RedTacton uses the electric field that occurs naturally on the surface of the

human body for communication. Transmitter and receiver electrodes are covered with

an insulating film. No current flows into the body from the RedTacton transceiver

There is no current flowing from the RedTacton transceiver; however, the body indirectly

Receives a minute electric field. This causes electrons already present inside the body to

move, creating a minute displacement current. This displacement current is similar to

those occurring in everyday life.

RedTacton is in conformity to the "Radiofrequency-exposure Protection RCR standard

(RCR STD-38)" issued by the Association of Radio Industries and Businesses (ARIB).

.

Conclusion:

Some people will be highly attracted to the idea of using their bodies as

networks, and new applications could flourish. Yet psychological barriers could prove a

problem with many users. Even if convinced of the device's safety, some might worry

about privacy or theft from accidental physical contact. With proper security, these are

not serious problems, yet some users might also feel a vague sense of violation of their

personal space. If the user benefit is much larger than their concerns, people will start to

use it,". This is exactly what happened to cell phones.


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An intriguing possibility is that the technology will be used as a sort of

secondary nervous system to link large numbers of tiny implanted components placed

beneath the skin to create powerful onboard -- or in-body -- computers.


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CS-22 SWATI VARDAMAN

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