Countercurrent Exchange and Gas Exchange

學生姓名： B9902067 曾紹庭 B9902075 黃柏翰指導老師：周淑娥 老師指導助教：洪偉珊 助教

Countercurrent Exchange

The exchange of a chemical substance or heat between two fluids flowing in opposite directions.

Concurrent vs. Countercurrent

Fish Gills

Fish Gills

Countercurrent mechanism

1.Countercurrent multiplication of concentration2.Countercurrent exchange

Countercurrent multiplier systems: Expend energy to create concentration gradients

Countercurrent mechanism1. Cortex: 300 mOsm/L2. Medulla:1200 mOsm/L

Descending limb: water leaves (passively)Ascending limb : NaCl leaves (actively)

Descending limb: equibrilium Ascending limb : lower concentration影片 http://www.colorado.edu/intphys/Class/IPHY3430-200/countercurrent_ct.html

影片 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AOqIlrQhqHQ&playnext=1&list=PLFB7356B1A84FC018

Cortex

Medulla

Albatross

Countercurrent exchange (heat)

• 企鵝• 人類手臂• 人類陰囊

Information Resourses:http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~uzwiak/AnatPhys/Urinary_System.htmlhttp://www.colorado.edu/intphys/Class/IPHY3430-200/countercurrent_ct.htmlhttp://mag.udn.com/mag/campus/storypage.jsp?f_ART_ID=166830http://www.nicerweb.com/bio1152/Locked/media/ch44/albatross_exchange.html 生理學書籍Campbell/Reece Biology,Eighth Edition

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