Cookie Grammar

A Delectable Language Lesson

Notice the splendid adjective

and the use of

alliteration for fun?

Before we get started…

• We need to understand that a sugar cookie is an independent clause.

= COMPLETE SENTENCE

Oh my gosh-- this teacher has done lost her mind!

What’s an independent clause?

• A complete simple sentence

• ONE whole cookie

What’s a complete simple sentence?

• Oh… just some words thrown together that have a subject and a predicate.

What’s a subject?

You know… math, English, history…

Nah, I’m just joking!

The subject is what (or whom) the sentence is about. The subject is what is doing the action in the sentence.

Cookie Monster loves to eat cookies.

Okay, so what’s a PREDICATE?

The predicate tells something about the subject.Cookie Monster loves to eat cookies.

Put the subject and the predicate together and they make an independent clause or a simple sentence.

Subject+ Predicate = Complete Simple Sentence/ Independent Clause

Subject + Predicate = A match made in heaven

So, how do sentences relate to cookies?

Hmm . . .

Cookie must consider this.

Sentences are made of CLAUSES and PHRASES

Clauses are ingredients in your sentences that can change your cookie recipe. Different types of clauses and the amount of clauses can alter the type of cookie you are dealing with. Clauses have a subject and a predicate. There are two types of clauses: •Independent Clause•Dependent Clause

Phrases just add some extra flavors to your cookies.Phrases will be missing either a subject or a predicate. There are several types of phrases. •Think about your Brush Strokes (these are phrases)

Clauses: TWO Types Independent clauses •have a subject and a predicate that represent a complete thought. •can be independent. •don’t need other words or clauses to make them complete.Dependent clauses •have a subject and a predicate as well, but they also have another word or group of words called a subordinating conjunction, which turn the sentence into a dependent clause, needing completeness.

Independent Clause

ndependent The independent clause can stand alone as a complete sentence. It is a simple sentence that can take a dependent into its house.

The independent clause is like a sugar cookie. Alone, it is one completecookie. You can add loose fudge to it, but it is still just one complete

cookie.Remember an INDEPENDENT CLAUSE has a subject and a predicate.

I ate the entire bag of cookies.

Dependent Clause = Loose Fudge

dependent

The fetus is dependent on the mother to one day become a baby.The dependent clause is dependent on the independent clause to be part of a complete sentence.The fudge is dependent on the cookie to be a cookie.Without the cookie, loose fudge is just a nasty, mushy FRAGMENT.

A DEPENDENDENT CLAUSE has a subject, a predicate, and a subordinating conjunction. After I ate the entire bag of cookies…… after I ate the entire bag of cookies.

So, what will a dependent clause look like and what is a subordinating conjunction?• A dependent clause will look like a complete sentence, but

it will have an added part that leaves the sentence hanging.• Read the list of subordinating conjunctions:

after, although, as, as if, because, before, even if, even though, if, if only, rather than, since, that, though, unless, until, when, where, whereas, wherever, whether, which, and while

• Now, try and start a sentence with one of these words. Do you find yourself pausing and trying to think of an independent clause to end it with?

Fill the blanks with independent clauses and see what happens…

• After _________________________...• Because _______________________...• Since ___________________________...• Although ________________________...• When __________________________...

Well, what happened? Did you see how adding a subordinating conjunction leaves the sentence hanging? These are dependent clauses! -- A type of fragment, but a delicious topping for a cookie!

PhrasesPhrases DO NOT change the type of sentence you are dealing with.Phrases will be lacking either a subject or a predicate.Your Brush Strokes are PHRASES!•Appositive phrases•Absolute phrases•Adjectives out of order•Prepositional phrases•Participial phrases

Don’t let these delicious morsels and sprinkles change the type of cookie you are making. They make your sentences more delicious, but they do not change your cookie.

So, what happens when we add exciting and grandiloquent verbs,

adjectives, and phrases (Brush Strokes) to our sugar cookies?

We get a scrumptious iced cookie with those crunchy sprinkles on top! Yummmm…

Or we get the even better- beloved chocolate chip cookie . Phrases (Brush Strokes), adjectives, and vivid verbs make our cookies taste better!

Sugar Cookie or Loose Fudge?

1. Sugar cookies are a delectable treat.2. When Cookie Monster gets hungry.3. Chocolate chips are an exciting surprise.4. My mind is always dreaming of cookies.5. Sprinkles can make any cookie special.6. Before you eat cookies.

They’re all the same . . . -Independent Clause -Simple Sentence -One Cookie

No matter how much icing, sprinkles, or chocolate chips you add to your sugar cookie, you still only have _____ cookie!

Forizzle?

Foshizzle

One delicious cookie that stands on its own, and even if you add

chocolate chips, icing, or sprinkles; it’s still ONE delicious cookie.

Hey, notice the correct usage of its to show possession and it’s to show contraction!

So, What About All That Loose Fudge You Were Playing With?

Glad you asked.We can’t just leave that stuff laying around. It can get pretty messy.

This loose fudge brings us to the Complex Sentence

Or, the Fudge-Striped Cookie! OH YEAH!

So, as you may have guessed…

The fudge-striped cookie is just like a complex sentence.Sugar Cookie + Loose Fudge = Fudge-Striped CookieIndependent Clause + Dependent Clause = Complex Sentence

Thus,

= complex sentence

This delectable complex sentence is easy to find when all the cookies are mixed in the same jar.

• Complex sentences have subordinating conjunctions as the main ingredient in their special loose fudge.

• Subordinating conjunctions (many are prepositions) are used to join independent clauses to make complex sentences. A preposition that is not part of the main clause will create loose fudge. Look for these tasty morsels at the start of what would be an independent clause without it:

after, although, as, as if, because, before, even if, even though, if, if only, rather than, since, that, though, unless, until, when, where, whereas, wherever, whether, which, and while

Let’s look at the difference a subordinating conjunction makes:

• I eat cookies.• After I eat cookies.• After I eat cookies, I can sleep soundly.• I can sleep soundly after I eat cookies.

Hey Teach, you lost me!Look at the following two sentences. How many cookies do you have in each? What types of cookies are these?

1. Keebler elves work hard to stir in all of the ingredients in their cookie batter.2. Because Keebler elves work hard to stir in all of the ingredients in their cookie batter.See how one drop of that fudgalicious ‘because’ leaves the sentence wanting more?

The simple presence of a subordinate conjunction makes these two otherwise independent clauses a delicious combination of loose fudge and just one whole sugar cookie.

Because Keebler elves work hard to stir in all of the ingredients in their cookie batter, I can sleep soundly at night.I can sleep soundly at night because Keebler elves word hard to stir in all of the ingredients in their cookie batter.

Still Not Convinced

One (and only one)independent cookie.

Delicious dependent layer because of that subordinating conjunction

(If you took all the chocolate off of one cookie, it wouldn't be enough for a snack.

Let’s bake some Fudge-Striped Cookies!

Are you ready?

WAIT!There’s one thing I forgot: If you don’t follow the recipe, the cookie won’t turn out good.

There are TWO recipes; Give both a try! One needs a comma and the other doesn’t.

1. Sub. Conj. Dependent Clause + COMMA + Independent Clause = Complete Fudge-Striped Cookie

Think of it this way: if your put your loose fudge in your hand first, you will need your tongue to lick up some of the mess before you put your cookie in your hand. Your tongue is the comma!When you add nuts to your cookies, you can add some extra crunch to your night.

2. Independent Clause + Sub. Conj. Dependent Clause = Complete Fudge-Striped CookieYou can add some extra crunch to your night when you add nuts to your cookies.

• It all depends on which ingredient you want to mix in first.

Mix an independent clause with a dependent clause to make a Fudge-Striped Cookie

LOOSE FUDGEBecause cookies have no calories whatsoever

When the cookie crumbles

Made of caramel, chocolate, and coconut

SUGAR COOKIESI am able to sample every type the bakery has to offer

It is often hard to pick up the pieces of your life

A macaroon is a delicious cookie

DC+,+IC= FSC IC+DC=FSCBecause cookies have no calories whatsoever, I am able to sample every type the bakery has to offer.

When the cookie crumbles, it is hard to pick up the pieces of your life.

Made of caramel, chocolate, and coconut, a macaroon is a delicious cookie.

I am able to sample every type the bakery has to offer because cookies have no calories whatsoever.

It is hard to pick up the pieces of your life when the cookie crumbles.

A macaroon is a delicious cookie made of caramel, chocolate, and coconut.

Tell Us More Cookie!Cookie Grammar pt.2

What?! You still haven’t had enough cookies?!

Are you ready for more……….?

First, we need to talk about how we like to eat our Oreos!

1. Mrs. Hyde loves to devour Oreos.2. Mrs. Hyde likes to dunk her Oreos in milk, which is pretty irrelevant. (Notice my use of a comma with the word “which” for irrelevant material?!)

3. When Mrs. Hyde eats Oreos from the bag, she often forgets how many she has eaten.4. Jamison, Mrs. Hyde’s son, likes to dissect his Oreo before he gobbles it up.5. Jamison has three layers when he dissects his Oreo: top cookie, creamy center, and bottom cookie. (See how I used a colon to list?!)

So, class, how many cookies does Jamison really have? (Notice my use of commas surrounding a direct address?!)

TWO (2) Cookies!

If you know me, you knew where this was going….

I love Oreo Cookies(or any sandwich cookie)

These are your compound sentences.

How?2 cookies and one creamy center

Chocolate cookie = Independent clauseCreamy center = a comma + coordinating conjunction, a semi-colon + conjunctive adverb + a comma, or just a semi-colon

Chocolate cookie = Independent clause

Two (2) Independent Clauses and One of the Creamy Center items in the middle = Compound Sentence

There are THREE different ways to make a Compound Sentence

1. Creamy Center made of a Comma and Coordinating Conjunction

(aka FANBOYS)

2. Creamy Center made of a semi-colon, conjunctive adverb, and a comma

3. Creamy Center made of just a semi-colon

It’s all about that Creamy Center…

1. Creamy Center made of a Comma and a Coordinating Conjunction

Independent Clause

Independent Clause

Comma and Coordinating Conjunction (AKA-FANBOYS)

,for,and,nor,but,or,yet,so

Oreo cookies are delicious with milk, but some ill-minded people might disagree with me. Remember: You must have a complete sentence (whole cookie) on both sides of the creamy center; otherwise, you don’t need a comma.

Really?

Yep!

independent clause

independent clause

Comma and a coordinating conjunction joining the two

2. Creamy Center made of a Conjunctive Adverb

Independent Clause

Independent Clause

Oreo cookies are delicious with milk; however, some ill-minded people might disagree with me.Remember: You must have a complete sentence (whole cookie) on both sides of the creamy center.

also however otherwise consequently indeed similarly finally likewise then furthermore moreover therefore hence nevertheless thus nonetheless

3. Creamy Center made of just a Semi-colon

Independent Clause

Independent Clause

Semi-colon

;Oreo cookies are delicious with milk; they are also delicious with ice-cream.

A vote for Oreos is a vote for happiness; voting otherwise will end in doom.Remember: You must have a complete sentence (whole cookie) on both sides of the creamy centerTip: I would say that it would be good practice to only use the simple semi-colon to join two independent clauses when using a pronoun that directly relates to it’s antecedent in the clause before it or when you are presenting a juxtaposition (two opposing ideas).

Okay, I Will Repeat

independent clause

independent clause

Comma and a coordinating conjunction joining the two; a semi-colon, conjunctive adverb, and comma joining the two; or, just a semi-colon joining the two

Cookie Wants More Cookies

There’s only one sentence type left.

It’s two times the chocolate fun; It’s creamy;

It’s fudgalicious…

That’s Right! It’s the

Compound/Complex Sentence!

Notice the cookies could stand alone as a delicious treat?

It has that same creamy filling that holds it together: comma and a conjunction; a semi-colon, conjunctive adverb, and comma; or just a semi-colon

But the loose fudge would still not make a cookie alone.

Baking a Compound-Complex SentenceIt’s the compound sentence plus a dependent clause.

Independent Clause [Comma and a coordinating conjunction joining the two; a semi-colon, conjunctive adverb, and a comma joining the two; (no

comma); or, just a semi-colon joining the two]

Independent Clause + Dependent Clause

Compound/Complex Sentence As she watches Sesame Street, Mrs. Hyde likes to dunk her Oreos in milk, but she never lets Cookie Monster find out.

Mrs. Hyde likes to dunk her Oreos in milk as she watches Sesame Street, but she never lets Cookie Monster find out.

Remember: You must still have a complete sentence (whole cookie) on both sides of the creamy center.

Yo Dawg--Let’s Review

Simple Sentence

one clause

one cookie

simple sentence

Chocolate chips, or oatmeal, or raisins are like extra details MIXED into the independent clause.

Complex Sentenceone independent clause

add a dependent clause

and another dependent clause (if you want)

It doesn’t matter how many DEPENDENT clauses you add.

Compound Sentence

one independent clause

another independent clause

and more independent clauses (if you want)

joined together by a comma and a coordinating conjunction; a semi-colon, conjunctive adverb, and a comma; or just a semi-colon

Compound/Complextwo or more independent clauses

one or more dependent clauses

joined together by a comma and a coordinating conjunction; a semi-colon, conjunctive adverb, and a comma; or just a semi-colon

Remember . . .

Punctuation of your sentence depends where the clauses join.

Are you ready for your Cookie Test? Get your toothpick ready!

What type of cookie or sentence do you see?1. Making cookies with you has been divine.2. Since we have been enjoying some delicious cookies, I hope you have learned something valuable.3. After you have eaten this many cookies, you should brush your teeth, or your teeth will most likely rot out.4. Cookie monster and I hope you don’t forget your sentences; therefore, we will give you a handout to study.5. Your Cookie Grammar test is coming soon but not too soon.6. It’s been a delectable, cookielicious time y’all!

Thank you for coming!