CONTENTS

Figures

Colours

Classi�cation of Works

Schools

Penmanship

Names You Should Know

Center Address

人物

色彩

作品类别

流派

字体

那些如雷贯耳的名字

华尔街英语各中心地址

What should you know to be a qualified art lover? Of course, it's necessary to know some of the greatest artists and their masterpieces, but that's not enough. Even a layman might know the names like Van Gogh, Cezanne, Picasso or Renoir, what he doesn't know are the terminologies, such as muralist, Genre Ukiyoe, improvisation and chiaroscuro, etc.

作为一名合格的艺术爱好者，你应该知

道些什么？自然，对那些最伟大的艺术

家和他们的作品耳熟能详是必不可少

的，但仅仅做到这一点还不够。就算是

个门外汉，可能也知道梵高、塞尚、毕

加索或雷诺阿这些名字，他不知道的是

那些专业术语，比如壁画家、浮世绘、

即兴创作和明暗对比等。

If you are an art lover, this booklet can help you uncover more background information; if you are not, then the terminologies can be a perfect cover when you want to disguise as one of them.

如果你是个艺术爱好者，这本小册子能

帮助你获得更多背景信息；如果你不

是，那么学点专业术语，你就能完美地

假装自己是个内行。

Figures人物

muralist 壁画家

classic大艺术家

modeler雕塑师，模型师

landscapist; landscape painter 风景画家

artist; painter 画家，美术家

sign painter画广告者

connoisseur鉴定家，行家

cartoonist; caricaturist漫画家

wood carver; wood sculptor木刻家，木刻师

portrait painter人像画家

collector收藏家，艺术品收藏家

water colourist 水彩画家

draftsman制图员

antiquarian 博古家

carver; sculptor 雕刻师，雕刻家

pastelist 粉蜡笔画家

virtuoso 古董专家

limner 画匠

appreciator 鉴赏家

nude model 裸体模特

model 模特

paintress 女画家

landscapist 山水画家

calligrapher; calligraphist 书法家

oil painter 油画画家

illustrator 插画师

Colours色彩

white 白色

emerald翠绿色

light blue 淡蓝

pink 粉红

black 黑色

flower blue 花青色

gray; grey 灰色

blue 蓝色

leaden铅色，铅灰色

milk gold 乳金色

dark blue 深蓝

mineral yellow 石黄色

rattan yellow; light bright yellow藤黄色

scarlet 鲜红，猩红

silver 银色

sienna 赭黄色

purple 紫色

brown 棕褐色

orange 橙黄色

light green 淡绿

indigo 靛青

bronze 古铜色

red 红色

yellow 黄色

golden金黄色

green 绿色

lead white 铅白

crimson 深红

dark green 深绿

mineral green 石绿色

azure 天蓝色

ivory colour 象牙色，乳白色

umber 赭色

vermilion 朱红

violet 紫罗兰色

Classification of Works 作品类别

half-length portrait 半身画像

rubbing from tablet 碑帖

ice sculpture 冰雕

illustration插图

tempera 蛋彩画

straw painting 稻草画

bamboo sculpture 雕竹

landscape painting 风景画

buddhist image 佛像

relief 浮雕

pen drawing 钢笔画

graffito 古迹墙画

hanging scroll挂轴

traditional Chinese painting 国画

silhouette 剪影，侧面画像

mirror drawing 镜画

crayon drawing 蜡笔画

wax figure 蜡像

stereograph 立体画

cartoon 漫画

charcoal drawing; charcoal 木炭画

clay figure 泥塑像

pencil sketch; pencil drawing 铅笔画

full-length portrait 全身像

landscape山水，山水画

etching 蚀刻画

water colour; watercolour painting 水彩画

sketch 速写，素描

sgraffito 五彩拉毛粉饰，墙刻画

ivory carving 象牙雕刻

free sketch 写意画

oil painting 油画

Chinese ink painting 中国水墨画

brick engraving 砖刻

bust 半身雕塑像

mural painting; fresco painting 壁画

pastel 彩粉画

distich对联

eggshell art 蛋壳画

sculpture; statuary 雕塑

square scroll 斗方

caricature 讽刺画

Genre Ukiyoe 浮世绘

wooden carvings in relief 浮雕木刻

classical painting 古典画

bone sculpture 骨刻

poster 广告画，宣传画

horizontal scroll 横披

gold and green landscape 金碧山水

still life 静物画

batik蜡染画

vertical scroll 立轴

nudity 裸体画

brush painting 毛笔画

charcoal sketching 木炭速写

new year picture; new year painting 年画

blue and green landscape 青绿山水画

portrait 人物画

lithograph 石板画

calligraphy 书法

wash drawing 水墨画

brass relief 铜雕

mosaic 镶嵌图

figurine小雕像

nocturne 夜景画

finger painting 指画，手指画

large size vertical scroll 中堂

self-portrait 自画像

Schools流派

Penmanship字体

semi-classicism 半古典派

surrealism超现实派

purism纯粹派

romanticism 浪漫派

futuristism 未来派

realism写实派

fauvism野兽派

naturalism自然派 cursive

草书

regular style; proper style 楷书

clerical writing; official style隶书

running hand 行书

expressionism表现派

abstractism抽象派

postimpressionism后期印象派

cubism 立体派

modernity现代派

neo-classicism 新古典派

impressionism 印象派

big-seal style 大篆

tadpole script 蝌蚪体

small-seal style 小篆

Names You Should Know那些如雷贯耳的 名字

1. Pablo Picasso (1881-1973)

1. 巴勃罗·毕加索（1881-1973）

Picasso is, to art history, a giant earthquake with eternal aftermaths. With the possible exception of Michelangelo (who focused his greatest efforts in sculpture and architecture), no other artist had such ambitions at the time of placing his oeuvre in the history of art. Picasso created

the avant-garde. Picasso destroyed the avant-garde. He looked back at the masters and surpassed them all. He faced the whole history of art single-handedly and redefined the tortuous relationship between work and spectator.

毕加索对艺术史而言，无异于一场余波

永存的大地震。也许除了米开朗琪罗

（他的创作重心主要放在雕塑和建筑

上）之外，还没有哪个艺术家如此雄心

勃勃地用自己的作品在艺术史上留下印

迹。毕加索亲手创建了先锋派，又亲手

颠覆了它；他回顾过去那些大师们，把

他们逐一超越；他面对一部厚重的艺术

史，单枪匹马地重新定义了作品和观众

之间的复杂关系。

2. Giotto di Bondone (c.1267-1337)

2. 乔托·迪邦多内（约1267-1337）

It has been said that Giotto was the first real painter, like Adam was the first man. Giotto continued the Byzantine style of Cimabue and other predecessors, but he earned the right to be included in gold letters in the history of painting when he added a quality unknown to date: emotion.

据说乔托是第一个真正的画家，就像亚

当是第一个男人一样。乔托延续了契马

布埃等前辈的拜占庭风格，他的名字之

所以能在绘画史上长存不朽，是因为他

在自己的作品中加入了一种至今都难能

可贵的品质：情感。

3. Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)

3. 莱奥纳尔多·达芬奇（1452-1519）

For better or for worse, Leonardo will be forever known as the author of the most famous painting of all time, the "Gioconda" or "Mona Lisa". But he is more, much more. His humanist, almost scientific gaze, entered the art of the quattrocento and revoluted it with his sfumato that nobody was ever able to imitate.

不管怎么说，达芬奇的名字都与他创作

那幅有史以来最著名的画作《蒙娜丽

莎》密不可分，然而他的成就远不止这

一副名画。达芬奇以人文和科学兼备的

专注影响着文艺复兴初期的艺术，并用

他至今无人能模仿的晕染技艺掀起了一

场革命。

4. Paul Cezanne (1839-1906)

4. 保罗·塞尚（1839-1906）

"Cezanne is the father of us all." This famous quote has been attributed to both Picasso and Matisse, and certainly it does not matter who actually said it, because in either case would be appropriate. While he exhibited with the Impressionist painters, Cezanne left behind the whole group and developed a style of painting never seen so far, which opened the door for the arrival

of Cubism and the rest of the vanguards of the twentieth century.

“塞尚是我们所有人之父。”有人说这

句话出自毕加索，也有人说是马蒂斯说

的。当然谁说了这句话并不重要，因为

在两种情况下这话都有道理。塞尚虽然

参加了印象派的首次画展，但他最终把

这一流派抛在身后，发展出一种前所

未有的作画风格，为其后立体派和其

它先锋派别在20世纪的崛起打开了一扇

大门。

5. Rembrandt Van Rijn (1606-1669)

5. 伦勃朗·范赖恩（1606-1669）

The fascination in Rembrandt's work seem to reflect his own life, moving from fame to oblivion.

Rembrandt is the great master of Dutch painting, along with Velazquez, the main figure of 17th century European painting. He is a great master of self-portrait and an artist who never showed any mercy depicting himself.

伦勃朗画作中对光与影的迷人运用，似

乎也是他个人起伏身世的折射——从少

年成名到穷困潦倒。伦勃朗是荷兰绘画

史上的顶尖大师，他和委拉斯开兹是17

世纪欧洲画坛的两面旗帜。此外，伦勃

朗还是有史以来最擅长画自画像的大

师，他对描绘自己从来都是乐此不疲。

6. Diego Velazquez (1599-1660)

6. 迭戈·委拉斯开兹（1599-1660）

Along with Rembrandt, Velazquez is one of the summits of Baroque

painting. But unlike the Dutch artist, the Sevillian painter spent most of his life in the comfortable but rigid courtesan society. Nevertheless, Velazquez was an innovator, a "painter of atmospheres" two centuries before Turner and the Impressionists, which is shown in his colossal 'royal paintings' ("Meninas", "The Forge of Vulcan"), but also in his small and memorable sketches of the Villa Medici.

委拉斯开兹和伦勃朗是巴洛克绘画的两

座高峰，但这位塞维利亚画家的境遇与

荷兰大师毫不相同，他在舒适而刻板的

社交界度过了生命中的大部分时光。然

而，委拉斯开兹是一位创新者，早在印

象派代表人物特纳之前两个世纪，他就

被誉为“描绘氛围的画家”。委拉斯开

兹的这种才华主要展现在他尺幅庞大的

“皇家画作”（如《宫女》和《伏尔甘

的熔炉》）中，但在他以梅迪奇别墅为

主题的那些流传后世的小尺幅素描中也

有体现。

7. Wassily Kandinsky (1866-1944)

7. 瓦西里·康定斯基（1866-1944）

Although the title of "father of abstraction" has been assigned to several artists, from Picasso to Turner, few painters could claim it with as much justice as Kandinsky. Many artists have succeeded in painting emotion, but very few have changed the way we

understand art. Wassily Kandinsky is one of them.

尽管从毕加索到特纳等多位艺术家享有

“抽象派之父”的称誉，但很少有哪位

画家比康定斯基更有资格享受这一称

号。许多画家在描绘情感方面取得了成

功，但很少有人能改变我们理解绘画艺

术的方式，康定斯基做到了这一点。

8. Claude Monet (1840-1926)

8. 克劳德·莫内（1840-1926）

The importance of Monet in the history of art is sometimes "underrated", as art lovers tend to see only the overwhelming beauty that emanates from his canvases,

ignoring the complex technique and composition of the work (a "defect" somehow caused by Monet himself, when he declared that "I do not understand why everyone discusses my art and pretends to understand, as if it were necessary to understand, when it is simply necessary to love"). However, Monet's experiments, including studies on the changes in an object caused by daylight at different times of the day; and the almost abstract quality of his "water lilies", are clearly a prologue to the art of the twentieth century.

莫内在艺术史上的重要地位往往被低估

了，艺术爱好者们往往只看到他作品中

散发的那种无可抗拒的美，却忽视了其

中的复杂技巧和构图。（这多少也怪莫

内本人，他曾经说过：“我不明白为什

么大家讨论我的作品时都会装出一副很

理解的样子，好像他们必须理解，其实

他们需要表现出的仅仅是喜欢。”）然

而，莫内所做的实验，包括研究一天内

不同时段日光下物体的变化，以及《睡

莲》中那种接近抽象的画法，都为20世

纪的艺术拉开了序幕。

9. Caravaggio (1571-1610)

9. 卡拉瓦乔（1571-1610）

The tough and violent Caravaggio is considered the father of Baroque

painting, with his spectacular use of lights and shadows. Caravaggio’s chiaroscuro became so famous that many painters started to copy his paintings, creating the 'Caravaggisti' style.

坚强而狂野的卡拉瓦乔把光与影运用

得出神入化，被视为“巴洛克绘画之

父”。 卡拉瓦乔的明暗对比风格是如此

出名，许多画家都临摹他的作品，并称

之为“卡拉瓦乔风格”。

10. Joseph Mallord William Turner (1775-1851)

10. 约瑟夫 ·马洛德 ·威廉 ·特纳（1775-1851）

Turner is the best landscape painter of Western painting.

Whereas in the beginning, he had been an academic painter, Turner was slowly but unstoppably evolving towards a free, atmospheric style, sometimes even outlining the abstraction, which was misunderstood and rejected by the same critics who had admired him for decades.

特纳是西方绘画史上最优秀的风景画

家，尽管他的绘画之路是从学院派开

始，但之后他就缓慢而执著地朝着更加

崇尚自由和氛围的画风演变，有时甚至

触碰到了抽象主义的边界。对于这一

点，有些几十年来崇拜特纳的评论家不

是误解，就是拒绝接受。