Collection Development in the Digital Age数字化时代的馆藏发展

Nancy Hoover 南希 . 胡弗University Librarian

Marylhurst, Oregon, USA

Our patrons 我们的读者• Use of print materials is dwindling 使用印刷资源用户越来越少• Want seamless immediate access to content 无界线电子资源立即存取的需求不断增长

Electronic Resources 电子资源• Are available 24/7 每星期七天 , 每天二十四小时供应• Are never at the bindery, stolen or misshelved 永不用装订 , 被偷或放错地方• Are up-to-date and current 资料是又新又及时的

Acquiring Electronic Resources采购电子资源• Complex 复杂的• Labor Intensive 需要大量人力• Requires communication and

coordination 需要沟通和协调

Traditional Department lines are blurred各部门的界线变得模糊

• Technical Services 技术服务 ( 编目 ) • Collection Development / Management 馆藏发展• Information Technology 信息技术• Public Services 公众服务

Budgets 预算• Monographs and Serials 图书及期刊• E-books can be both 电子书可以是 图书或期刊

Purchase only E-formats?只买电子化格式吗 ?• Composition of library collections is

changing 馆藏的组成在改变• E-resources both complement and

challenge library budgets 电子资源补充及挑战图书馆的财政预算

E-resources alleviate some costs associated with print periodicals 电子资源可减轻下列印刷期刊的费用

• Staffing to 不需用员工做 :– Receive issues 验收期刊– Claim missing issues 追讨遗失的期刊– Circulate items 流通项目– Manage shelving 书架管理– Order replacements 订购补缺本– Bind issues into volumes 期刊 装订

• Costs of binding 装订费用• Cost of repair of physical volumes 期刊的修补费用

Challenges of budgeting for e-resources 电子资源财对政预算的挑战• Direct costs plus inflation increases to renew 直接费用及续约时面对通货膨涨• Indirect (hidden) costs to acquire the title: 间接费用 ( 隐藏费用 )– Maintain subscription 维护订阅– Upgrade equipment 设备的升级– Educate users 指导用户使用– Negotiate and manage licenses 谈判及管理合约– Staff to manage and trouble shoot issues that arise 员工管理及解决有关问题

On Demand 需求• Access versus ownership 存取 或 拥有权• What do we need to own? 拥有时需要甚麽 ?• What can we access remotely? 是否可以远程存取 ?• Just in time vs. Just in case “ 及时存取”或 “万一存取”• Publishers now offer on demand acquisitions of books and per title access to journals 出版商提供有需求时才购买书本或期刊的存取

Patron Driven Acquisitions (PDA)因读者需求才购买• Libraries select titles 图书馆选择项目• Records are loaded into the catalog 项目记录放进目录里• If patrons access titles, the library buys them 读者点击到的项目 , 图书馆才把它买下来• Set aside 10-20% of library budget 图书馆预算留出百分之十到二十• Once money is spent, program stops 当预算用完 , 计划就停止

Orbis Cascade AllianceOrbis Cascade 联盟

• Consortium of private and public colleges and universities in Oregon and Washington

俄立岗州和华盛顿州私立和公立大学的集团• 36 member libraries 有三十六所会员图书馆• Patron initiated borrowing 读者提出互借• 2 day delivery to member libraries • 两天内可送到别的会员图书馆• Group purchasing power for e-resources 集体购买电子资源

Benefits of group purchasing集体购买的好处• One transaction for publisher 出版商只需做一次交易• Discount based on volume 因量大而有折扣• Group savings 集体得到节省费用• Less overhead for members, consortia office

handles licensing and billing 会员减少开销，由联盟的职员办理许可证和付发票

Distributed Print Repository印刷储藏库的分配• 2 complete runs of selected journals 每一个挑选的期刊都有完整的两份• Permanently retained at member institutions 永远的保留在会员的图书馆• Eliminates unnecessary duplication 除去不必要的重复• Other libraries can withdraw their copies 其他图书馆可以撤消其重复本 • Frees up valuable shelf space 节省宝贵的货架空间 • Have long term access to content 可以长期存取内容

Reference Resources moving online咨询资源开始上线• Students do not ask for help 学生不寻求帮助• Interactions with students at the reference desk vary 与学生在咨询台的互动因人而异• Our role in helping students is reduced in the electronic

environment 电子化环境降低我们对学生的帮助• We must guide students to appropriate resources 我们要引导学生使用适当的资源• Students use the web 学生使用网络

User’s Habits 读者的习惯• We know more about our users now 我们对读者认识更多• Tools can be designed that make sense 可以设计更有效的工具• The internet is the great equalizer 互联网是很好的均衡器• Now everyone can search for themselves 现在大家都可以自己上网搜索• Databases have to compete with the web 数据库要与网路竞争

OCLC Survey of College StudentsOCLC 对大学生的调查

What percentage of college students…百分之几的大学生…• Start their research with the library web site?

用图书馆网站开始他们的研究？ -- 2 %• Start their research with a library database? 用图书馆的数据库开始他们的研究 ? -- 2 %• Start their research with a search engine like Google or

Yahoo? 用搜索引擎像谷歌或雅虎开始他们的研究 ? -- 89 %

Users want 读者的需要• Simple, accurate, seamless access 简单，准确，无缝存取 • Convenience trumps quality of results 便利比质量结果重要• To know everything that is available 想知道一切可用的资讯 • Federated searching across all resources 用联合搜索取得所有资源

Questions to ask about e-resources关於电子资源要问的问题• Will the resource replace or supplement

an existing resource? 是否替代或补助现有的资源？ • What is the primary need this resource is

supposed to fill? 谁是资源的主要使用者？

Then evaluate based on criteria:用以下的标准来评估 :• Content / Unique Content / Duplication 内容 , 特殊的内容 , 重复的内容• Design and Usability / Ease of use 设计及可用度 , 容易使用• Accessibility 存取功能• Licensing 使用许可• Pricing / Cost per use 费用 / 每一次使用的费用• Need / Relevance to Institution (most important) 需要 /与机构本身的关系 (最重要 )

In conclusion 结论• Institutional need drives selection choices 各图书馆的需要来决定期刊的选择• Successful collection development strategies 成功的馆藏发展策略– Meet users needs 满足用户需要– Meet institutional goals, objectives & priorities 符合机构的目标 – Find and provide the best resource 寻找及提供最好的资源

THANK YOU! 谢 谢 !QUESTIONS? 问题

Contact: 联络Nancy Hoover 南希胡佛

Marylhurst Universitynhoover@marylhurst.edu

Translator: 翻译者Amy Lee 李妙娟

Fort Vancouver Regional Libraryalee@fvrl.org