cmyk rqepk nsokpk 'kks/k · rqepk nsokpk 'kks/k r qe p k n so k p k ' k k s/ k rqepk nsokpk 'kks/k...

rqepk nsokpk 'kks/k

rqepk nso

kpk 'kks/k

rqepk nsokpk 'kks/k

^^;k iqLrdklkBh eh 20 o"ksZ çkFkZuk djhr gksrks**tkWtZ oOgZj

^vkWijs'ku eksfcyk;>s'ku* ps laLFkkid] lapkyd

,d ^flVh IyWuj* Eg.kwu MkW- fjpMZ cs™ksV ;kauh vkiY;k thoukl lq#okr dsyh- izf'k{k.kkP;k dkGkr R;kauk thou cnywu Vkd.kkÚ;k nsokP;k lkeF;kZpk vuqHko vkyk- R;keqGs R;kauh vkiY;k uksdjhpk jkthukek fnyk vkf.k vefjdsr ck;cy vH;klkl lq#okr dsyh-

1946 e/;s ,d uof'kD;k Eg.kwu lq#okr d:u rs vkrk eksBeksBîk lHkkae/kwu nsokpk lans'k nsr vkgsr- xsyh 20 o"ksZ rs ;qjksie/;s nsokP;k dk;kZr eXu vkgsr- VªkUl oYMZ jsfM;ks vkf.k ^Qkj bZLV czkWMdkfLVax* e/khy R;kaps dk;Z xkSjokLin vkgs- R;k}kjs R;kauh ;qjksi] vkfÝdk] vkf'k;k] e/; o nf{k.k vesfjdsr eksBh lsok dsyh-

1958 e/;s R;kapk fookg MkWjFkhcjkscj >kyk o nks?kkauh feGwu nsokph lsok larks"kkus dsyh vkgs- MkWjFkhus] fjpMZP;k enrhus L=h;kalkBh Hkjho dk;Z dsys vkgs-

fjpMZ vkf.k MkWjFkhps lsok dk;Z vkrk txkr loZ= pkyw vkgs- R;kaP;k fofo/k ns'kkrhy HksVhae/;s R;kauk vkfRedn`"Vîk Hkqdstysys vusd yksd HksVys- Hkqdsus o nkfjæîkus HkjMwu fu?kkysys ekxklysY;k jk"Vªkarhy yksd ikgwu R;kaps ân; æoys- v'kk yksdkalkBh R;k nks?kkauh vkfRed vkf.k oLrq:i enrh}kjs nsokph izhrhp fnyh vkgs-

iq<kjysY;k ns'kkrgh tsOgk nsokP;k lgoklklkBh vklqlysys yksd R;kauk HksVrkr rsOgk R;kauk vo.kZuh; vkuan okVrks- v'kk yksdkaP;k eukr dkgh çÜu vlrkr-

thoukrhy çÜuklaca/kh dkgh usedh mÙkjs vkgsr dk;\fjpMZ cs™ksVph v'kh [kk=h vkgs dh nsokusp v'kk çÜukaph mÙkjs fnyh vkgsr Eg.kwu R;kauh ^rqepk nsokpk 'kks/k* gs iqLrd fyfgys vkgs

Your Quest for God (Marati)

cmyk

cmyk

ISBN-13: 978-81-7362-000-0ISBN-10: 81-7362-000-0

57 Hkk"ksae/;s 3 n'ky{k izrh NkiY;k

fjpMZ ,- csésV

fjpMZ ,- csé

sV

rqepknsokpk 'kks/k

ek>h fç; iRuh MkWjFkh fgps çse] R;kx] izksRlkgu vkf.k çkFkZuk;kf'kok; gs iqLrd d/khp fyfgys xsys ulrs- fQckcÌy ikSyEg.krks rlsp eh ekÖ;k iRuhcÌy Eg.krks----rh vusdkalkBh

enruhl >kyh vkf.k----ekÖ;klkBh ns[khy-

rqepknsokpk 'kks/k

fjpMZ ,- cs™ksVHkk"kkarj % lqHkk"k f'kans

Thumcha Devacha Shodh(Marathi)

Your Quest for Godby Richard A.Bennett

Copyright © 1985, 1988, 1997, 1998, 2003Cross Currents Internatinal Ministries, Dallas, Texas, U.S.A.

First Marathi edition 2007ISBN-13: 978-81-7362-804-7

ISBN-10: 81-7362-804-1

Published by Authentic India

India P. O. Box 2190, Secunderabad 500 003, Andhra Pradesh.www.authenticindia.in

UK 9 Holdom Avenue, Bletchley, Milton Keynes, MK1 1QR, UKwww.authenticmedia.co.uk

USA 1820 Jet Stream Drive, Colorado Springs, CO 80921.

www.authenticbooks.com

All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by anymeans, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, orany information storage and retrieval system, without permissionin writing from the publisher.

Authentic Books is an imprint of Authentic Media, the publishingdivision of STL OM Books India.

BevF

Typewritten Text

Food for Faith Marathi fo’oklkdfjrk vUu by Richard A. Bennett

BevF

Typewritten Text

www.ccim-media.com

BevF

Typewritten Text

BevF

Typewritten Text

BevF

Typewritten Text

BevF

Typewritten Text

vuqØef.kdknksu 'kCn 7çLrkouk 9

çdj.k 1

[kjks[kj nso vkgs dk;\ 15

çdj.k 2

rqepk vk/;kfRed xq: fo'oluh; vkgs dk;\ 25

çdj.k 3

nso dlk vkgs\ 41

çdj.k 4

yksdkaps foHkktu useds d'kkeqGs gksrs\ 51

çdj.k 5

[kjh leL;k dks.krh vkgs\ 65

çdj.k 6

yksdkaph ,o<h fn'kkHkwy dk gksrs\ 75

çdj.k 7

nso [kjks[kj ekÖ;koj çhrh djrks dk;\ 87

çdj.k 8

eyk thou dksBs ykHksy\ 113

çdj.k 9

nsokP;k dqVqackpk ?kVd eh dlk cusu\ 127

çdj.k 10

iq<s dk;\ 139

foÜoklklaca/kh ek>h izfrKk 149

nksu 'kCn

^rqepk nsokpk 'kks/k* ;k iqLrdkph eh nksu dkj.kkLro f'kQkjldjrks- ifgys Eg.kts eh ys[kdkyk O;fDr'k% pkaxyk vksG[krks! rksfoÜoklkpk iq= vkgs- ^ek>h eqys lR;kr pkyrkr gs ,sdY;kus eykvkuan gksrks frrdk nqljk d'kkusgh gksr ukgh* ¼3 ;ksgku 4½-

nqljs dkj.k vf/kd oLrqfu"B vkgs- euq";kpk nsok'kh ukrslaca/kdlk vlkok gs MkW- fjpMZ cs™ksV ;kauh vR;ar leiZd jhrhus vkf.kçHkkohi.ks ;k iqLrdkr fo"kn dsys vkgs-

ifo= 'kkL= vki.kkl lkaxrs dh] nsokus euq";kP;k eukr vuardkykfo"k;hph dYiuk mRi™k dsyh vkgs* ¼mins'kd 3%11½- R;keqGs]euq";s vuardkyklkBh fuekZ.k dsyh vkgsr Eg.kwu dkG euq";kykiw.kZi.ks o dk;eLo:ih lek/kku d/khp nsÅ 'kdr ukgh gs vks?kkusy{kkr ;sbZy- euq";kP;k eukr vuardkfyd iksdGh vlrs vkf.knsop rh Hk:u dk<w 'kdrks- lsaV vkWxLVhu Eg.krks & ^^gs nsok] rwavkEgkyk rqÖ;klkBh fuekZ.k dsys vkgs- rqÖ;ke/;s vkeps vkResfolkoY;k[ksjht vkEgkyk d/khp 'kkarh feG.kkj ukgh- R;k vuknh&vuarijesÜojke/;s folkoY;k[ksjht vkEgkyk nsokpk & 'kks/k d/khp ykxw'kdr ukgh-

7

rqepk nsokpk 'kks/k8

;k iqLrdke/khy lans'k okpwu] nsokps xkSjo djhr vusdt.kLor%ps ghr fufÜpr lk/krhy v'kh ek>h dGdGhph çkFkZuk vkgs-

MkW- LVhQu ,Q- vksy~QksMZ

9

çLrkouk

eh vkf.k ek>h iRuh MkWjFkh] vkeP;k çnh?kZ çoklkP;k njE;kuvkEgkyk thoukP;k okVsoj vusd fe= HksVys gs lxGs fe= fHk™klaL—frps vkf.k 'kS{kf.kd o vkfFkZd ikrGhojgh fHk™k gksrs-

gs lxGs fe= ;ksxk;ksxkus vkEgkyk HksVys gksrs vls vkEgkykeqGhp okVr ukgh- rlsp gs NksVsls iqLrdns[khy ;ksxk;ksxkusrqeP;k gkrkr iMysys ukgh-

vusd o"kkZaiklwu ^nsokpk 'kks/k* ;k fo"k;koj vkeP;kfe=eaMGhr vkEgh iq"dG cksyyks gksrks- ;k iqLrdkae/;s R;k ppsZe/khy dkgh fopkjgh eh ekaMys vkgsr-

^^rqepk nsokpk 'kks/k** ;k iqLrdkP;k ifgY;k vko`Ùkhuarj iq<scÚ;kp lq/kkjhr vko`R;k fu?kkY;k- R;ke/;s vkHkkjçn'kZukpk fo'ks"kHkkx vkgs- ekÖ;k vkf.k MkWjFkhP;k 25 O;k yXuok<fno'kh vkEgh[kwi fopkj dsyk o nsokus vkEgkaoj th —ik dsyh R;kcÌy R;kpsvkHkkj dls ekukosr gs Bjoys-

25000 yksdkai;Zr 'kkarh o vk'kspk lans'k iksgapfo.;kdfjrkvkEgh gs iqLrd fyfgys] Nkiys o izdkf'kr dsys- Eg.kts vkeP;k

9


oSokfgd thoukrhy çR;sd o"kkZlkBh ,d gtkj yksdkadfjrk gklans'k vkgs-

;k NksVîk'kk izhrhus HkjysY;k ç;Rukyk nsokus vk'khokZfnr dsyso iqLrdkP;k :ikr gs izsee; Je txHkj yksdkai;Zar iksgapys- R;klxGîk Eg.kts 25000 çrh txkrhy osxosxGîk ns'kkrhy yksdkaP;kgkrh iksgapY;k- ^rqepk nsokpk 'kks/k** okpY;kuarj vusd yksdkauh]R;kauk thoukpk gsrq dlk xolyk gs vkEgkyk i=k}kjs dGfoysvkf.k rksp vkeP;k thoukrhy vR;ar vkuankpk Hkkx vkgs-

;k iqLrdkps vusd Hkk"kkae/;s Hkk"kkarj djkos ;klaca/kh vusdkauhfouarh dsyh- R;k n`"Vhus ex vkEgh ;k iqLrdkph lq/kkfjrvko`Ùkh r;kj dsyh- R;keqGs vusd ns'kke/khy yksdkauk gs iqLrdmi;qDr Bjsy- ;kpk ifj.kke Eg.kwu i™kkl Hkk"kkae/;s lnj iqLrdkP;krhu n'ky{k çrh Nki.;kr vkY;k o R;k txHkj iksgapY;k- vkephv'kh izkFkZuk vkgs dh vkrk gh vko`Ùkh ns[khy vusd yksdkaukykHknk;d Bjkoh-

;k iqLrdkrhy ifgyh nksu çdj.ks çR;sd okpdkalkBh leiZdvlrhyp vls ukgh- T;k yksdkaP;k euke/;s nsokP;k vfLrRoklaca/kh 'kadk vkgs R;kaP;klkBh çk;% ifgys çdj.k vkgs- nqljs çdj.kgs ts yksd nsoklaca/kh vusd çÜu mHks djrkr R;kaP;klkBh çkeq[;kusfyfgys vkgs- rjhgh loZ okpdkalkBh rs egRokps vkgs- dkj.kR;k}kjs rqEgkyk rqepk foÜokl o orZ.kwd ;kaps ;ksX; rs ewY;ekiudj.;kph çsj.kk feGsy-

11

;k iqLrdkrhy tks eq[; lans'k rqEgkyk letyk ikfgtsR;klkBh gh çdj.ks rqeP;k r;kjhlkBh mi;qDr Bjrhy- rlspbrj çdj.kkrhy lR; rqEgkyk foÜoklkgZ okVsy-

çdj.k rhu rs ngke/;s rqEgkyk ewyHkwr lR;s fnlwu ;srhy]T;keqGs nsokpk 'kks/k ?ks.ks rqEgkyk lksis tkbZy- Eg.kwup nsokus R;kP;kbPNsçek.ks vk'khokZn |kok ;klkBh gh vko`Ùkh vkEgh çHkqP;k gkrkrnsr vkgksr-

eh vkf.k MkWjFkh çHkqps midkj ekurks- vusd fiz; tukaP;kizhrhdfjrk o çkFkZusdfjrk R;kpizek.ks vusdkauh nsokfo"k;hpk vkiykO;fDrxr vuqHko vkEgkyk lkafxryk R;kcÌy vkEgh nsokps vkHkkjekurks- v'kk vla[; fiz; tukaph ;knh Hkyh eksBh vkgs- R;kaukvkEgh izhrhus o d`rKrsus Eg.krks & ^^vkEgh vkiys vkHkkjhvkgksr-**

çLrkouk

rqepknsokpk 'kks/k

HkwxHkZ'kkL= gs i`Fohps vkRepfj= vkgs- brj loZvkRepfj=kçek.ksa rs ek= R;kP;k eqGk'kh iksgpr ukgh-

lj pkYlZ fyy

çdj.kçdj.kçdj.kçdj.kçdj.k 1

[kjks[kj nso vkgs dk;\

rqeP;k thoukr vls dkgh dBh.k çlax vkys vlrhy dhR;kosGh nso izhrh vkgs dka ;klaca/kh rqEgh cqpdkGîkr iMykvlky- dnkfpr nso [kjks[kj vfLrRokr vkgs dk; vlk çÜurqEgkyk R;kosGh iMyk vlsy-

ifo= 'kkL=ke/;s nsokP;k vfLrRoklaca/kh [kqyklk fnysyk ukghfdaok dqByk iqjkokgh lkafxrysyk ukgh- rsFks nsokps vfLrRo ljGx`ghr /kjysys vkgs- ifo= 'kkL=krhy vxnh ifgysp opu Eg.kts^çkjaHkh nsokus vkdk'k i`Foh gh mRi™k dsyh* ¼mRiÙkh 1%1½- gs okD;eksBs vFkZxfHkZr vkgs- rs EgVys rj lk/ks vkgs EgVys rj egkdBh.k-;k okD;krwu nso vkgs gs Li"V gksrs vkf.k rksp vf[ky fo'okpkfuekZ.kdrkZ vkgs gs fnlrs-

vusd o"kkZaiwohZ ek>h iRuh euks#X.kkaP;k nok[kkU;kr ulZEg.kwu dk;Z djhr gksrh- rsFks nsokps vfLrRo u eku.kkjs ,dvR;ar gq'kkj vls ekulksipkj rK MkWDVj gksrs- R;kauh MkWjFkhP;knsokojhy foÜoklklaca/kh fryk NsMys- rh R;kauk Eg.kkyh] ^MkWDVj];k {ks=ke/;s rqepk ukoykSfdd nkaMxk vkgs gs eyk ekghr vkgs-

15


R;keqGs ,d fu".kkar MkWDVj Eg.kwu eh rqepk vknjgh djrs-foÜofo|ky;kr rqEgh ,d gq'kkj çk/;kid vkgkr- oS|dh; {ks=krrqEgh /kqja/kj vkgkr- rjhi.k eyk rqEgkyk ,d lqpokosls okVrs-nso ukgh vls iqUgk Eg.k.;k vxksnj rqEgh ifo= 'kkL= okpk- T;kbZ";sZus rqEgh rqeps euksfoKkukr vykSfdd la'kks/ku dsys R;kp bZ";sZusiqUgk ,dnk ifo= 'kkL= okpk-**

uarj frus MkWDVjyk vkBo.k d:u fnyh dh nsokP;klkeF;kZeqGs R;kaps fdrhrjh :X.k cjs >kys gksrs- frus R;kauk,d&nksu :X.kkaph ukosgh lkafxryh o vkrk rs dls vxnh ranq#Lr>kys gs lkafxrys- rs lxGs :X.k vkrk nsokyk dls oS;fDrdfjR;ktk.khoiwoZd vksG[krkr gs MkWjFkhus R;k ukeoar euksfpfdRldkyklkafxrys- MkWDVjykgh dYiuk gksrh dh rs lxGs euks:X.k vktmiyC/k vlysY;k mR—"B lqfo/kkaf'kok; cjs >kys gksrs- ukfLrdfdaok ,d euksoS|kkfud Eg.kwugh R;k :X.kkaps vk;q"; dls cnyysgs R;kauk lkaxrk ;s.ks 'kD; uOgrs-

;k ukfLrd MkWDVjus ljrs'ksoVh MkWjFkhZyk R;kaP;klkBh çkFkZukdjko;kl lkafxrys! R;kus ;kiq<s ifo= 'kkL= eukiklwu okp.;kpsopugh fnys-

dkgh vkBoMs ifo= 'kkL= ckjdkbZus okpY;kuarj R;kusMkWjFkhyk lkafxrys dh vkrk rks ukfLrd jkfgyk ukgh- rjhi.kR;kP;kiq<s ,d leL;k gksrh & nsokcjkscj ifjiw.kZ lgHkkfxrk lk/k.;klkBh thoui)rhr cny ?kMyk ikfgts- R;kus EgVys &^^ek>h leL;k ckSf)d Lo#ikph ukgh- i.k ,d iDdk foÜokl.kkjk

17

gks.;klkBh ekÖ;ke/;s ts cny gosr rs eyk Lohdkjrk ;srhydka**\

vkEgh R;k MkWDVjlkBh ngk o"ksZ çkFkZuk djhr gksrks vkf.k,d fnol R;kaps i= vkys- R;kr R;kauh Lor%yk nsokyk iw.kZ lefiZrdsY;kps vkf.k foÜoklkr n`< vlY;kps fyfgys gksrs- vkEgkyk rsi= okpwu [kwi vkuan okVyk] i.k R;kr vkÜp;Z ek= okVys ukgh-dkj.k vkEgkyk ekghr gksrs &^foÜokl okrsZus o okrkZ f[kzLrkP;kopukus gksrs* ¼jkse 10%17½-

vki.k nsokyk uhV vksG[kkos Eg.kwu R;kus vkiY;k eukr [kksyln~ln~foosd] R;kP;k vfLrRokph fu'kk.kh Eg.kwu jksoyk vkgs-

dkgh yksd nsokoj foÜokl Bsor ukgh gh R;kaph fuoMvlyh rjhgh ;k i`Fohoj v'kh ,dgh O;Drh ukgh dh th nsokojfoÜokl Bsow 'kdr ukgh-

;k l`"Vhe/;s ns[khy nsokP;k vfLrRokps vusd iqjkos nsopnsrks- vkt ,dohlkO;k 'krdke/;s foKkukus l`"Vhph vkf.k foÜokphvusd xqfirs mdG.;klkBh eksBh >si ?ksryh vlyh rjh euq";kyk;k vFkkax foÜokph fufeZrh dj.kkjk dks.kh rjh ,d vkgs ;kphtk.kho >kyh vkgs- varjkGke/;s varjkG&;ku Hkjkjh ekjsy ;kphdq.kkyk dYiuk uOgrh- rs ;ku vodk'kkr f'k:u i`FohHkksorhçnf{k.kk ?kkysy o useD;k osGh rs iFohoj lq[k:i ijr ;sbZy vkf.k;klkBh dq'kkxz cq)hps 'kkL=K] ;a=K ;kaph xjt Hkklsy] ;kphdYiuk uOgrh- rlsp lw;kZLr vkf.k _rq] vkdk'kxaxk vkf.k v.kq]xq#Rokd"kZ.k vkf.k çhrhps lkeF;Z ák lxGîk xks"Vh R;k ,dk foÜo



fuekZ.kdR;kZf'kok; dnkfi 'kD; ukghr- nsokusp R;k vR;ar fu;kstuiwoZdvfLrRokr vk.kY;k vkgsr-

^fcx c¡x* eqGs vxnh fu;fer o lqO;fLFkr foÜokph fufeZrh>kyh ;koj foÜokl Bso.ks] gs nsokus] R;k foÜofu;aR;kus foÜokphfufeZrh dsyh gs yk[kksiVhauh vo?kM o vçLrqr okVrs- dkj.kfuekZ.kdR;kZf'kok; fufeZrh gksÅp 'kdr ukgh-

T;k 'kkluO;oLFksus nsokps vfLrRo ukdkjys] rsp 'kklu tsOgktsOgk varjkGohj varjkGkr ikBfors R;kosGh gs foÜo ,dk fof'k"Vfu;aekaoj vk/kkjhr vkgs ;koj foÜokl Bsors- ;k foÜokP;k fof'k"Vfu;ekaps ikyu dsY;keqGsp rs varjkGohj i`Fohoj lq[k:i ijr;sÅ 'kdrkr- T;k fu;aR;kus gs fu;e dsys R;k foÜofu;aR;kpsvfLrRo ukdkj.ks gs fdrh xSj vkgs( ukgh dka\

tsOgk ,[kk|k v.kqckWEcpk foLQksV gksrks rsOgk rks fdrhHk;dkjd vlrks- 5000 vCt v.kqckWEcpk foLQksV >kY;kojftrdh mtkZ ckgsj iMrs frrdh mtkZ vkiY;k lw;kZe/kwu njlsdankyk ckgsj iMrs- foÜokrhy vusd vkdk'kxaxse/khy rkÚ;kais{kkvkiyk lw;Z fdrh rjh NksVk vkgs- lw;kZis{kk vR;ar rstLoh vlsfdrh rkjs foÜokr vfLrRokr vkgsr R;kaph la[;k vtwu rjhdks.kkyk ekghr ukgh- tjh vCtks rkÚ;kapk euq";kus os/k ?ksrykvlyk rjh rs ux.;p vkgsr- vtwu fdrh vKku rkjs foÜokrvkgsr dks.k tk.ks! vkiY;k lw;kZis{kk y{k iVhus vf/kd ÅtkZfuekZ.k dj.kkjs vla[; rkjs foÜokrhy vdk'kxaxse/;s vfLrRokrvkgsr ;kph dYiuk vkiY;k 'kkL=Kkauk vkgs! v'kh dYiukrhy'kDrh foÜoke/;sa ,dk fuekZ.kdR;kZf'kok; d'kh vfLoRokr vlw

19

'kdsy\ R;k fuekZ.kdR;kZps lkeF;Z ns[khy euq";kP;k dYius ifydMhyvkgs-

Eg.kwu foÜokph fufeZrh R;k fuekZ.kdR;kZdMsp fufÜpri.ksfunsZ"k djrs- rks fuekZ.kdrkZ Eg.ktsp egklkeF;Z'kkyh ijesÜojgks;- R;kP;k lkeF;kZyk lhek ukgh- ifo= 'kkL= Eg.krs %

^^vkdk'k nsokpk efgek of.kZrs] varfj{k R;kph gLr—fr n'kZfors- fnol fnolk'kh laokn djrks- jk= jk=hykKku izxV dfjrss] okpk ukgh 'kCn ukgh R;kph ok.kh,sdw ;sr ukgh- rjh R;kpk Loj loZ i`Foh vkØferks]R;kps 'kCn fnxarjh iksgaprkr] lw;kZlkBh vkdk'kkrR;kus eaMi ?kkryk vkgs** ¼Lrks= 19%1&4½^^dkj.k l`"VhP;k fufeZrhiklwu R;kP;k vn`'; xks"VhEg.kts R;kps lukru lkeF;Z o nsoi.k gh fufeZysY;kinkFkkZo:u Kkr gksÅu Li"V fnlr vkgsr] v'kklkBhdh R;kauk dlyhgh lcc jkgw u;s** ¼jkse 1%20½-Eg.kwu nsokps vfLrRo ukdkj.;kph lcc dks.kkik'kh d/khp

ukgh-foÜokpk çpaM o vrD;Z vlk ilkjk ikgwu dks.kkykgh

vki.k fdrh {kwæ vkgksr vls okV.ks lgkftd vkgs-

bL=k,ykpk jktk nkfon ;kyk nsokP;k vfLrRokph tk.khogksrh Eg.kwup rks Eg.krks%

^^vkdk'k ts rq>s vaxqyh dk;Z o R;kr rwa usfeysys paæo rkjs ;ktdMs ikgkos rj eR;Z euq"; rks dk; dh rwa



R;kph vkBo.k djkoh\ ekuo rks dk; dh rw R;kykn'kZu |kos** ¼Lrks= 8%3&4½vkt vkdk'kkrhy rkÚ;kalaca/kh vkiys Kku ok<ys vkgs- vfr

lkeF;Z'kkyh nqchZ.khe/kwu n'ky{kiV ,o<îk eksBîk çek.kkr vki.knwjP;k rkÚ;kaP;k çrhek ikgw 'kdrks- mixzgke/;s R;k nqchZ.kh O;ofLFkrclfoY;k vlwu R;ke/kwu vfr nwjP;k rkÚ;kaph Nk;kfp=s i`FohojikBfoyh tkrkr- gs lxGs ikgwu nkfon jktkçek.ksap vkiY;kykghEg.kkosls okVrs ^T;k egklkeF;Zoku nsokus v'kk vn~Hkqr xks"VhfuekZ.k dsY;k rks nso ekÖ;klkj[;k {kwæ euq";kph d'kh dkGth?ksrks\

lw{en'kZd vkf.k nqfcZ.k ;kapk 'kks/k lqnSokus ,dkp osGhykxyk- lw{en'kZdkrwu vki.k vxnh lw{e v'kk txkpk ¼tarwapk½'kks/k ?ksÅ 'kdrks- gs lw{e txlq)k varfj{kkrhy vQkV ilkÚ;kçek.kspvkÜp;Zdkjd vkgsgs lw{e tx usgehP;k çdk'kkr U;kgkG.ks oR;krhy xw< /kqaMkG.ks nqjkikLr vkgs- lk/;k lw{en'kZdkrwu 'kkL=Kkaukts fnlr ukgh rs bysDVªkWu ek;ØksLdksie/kwu R;kauk fnlrs- R;k}kjsns[khy ák lw{e txkps lkSan;Z] fu;e vkf.k lkeF;Z ;kapk cks/kvkiY;kyk gksrks-

rqeP;k lkj[;k ux.; euq";kyk tj vlk iz'u iMykvlsy dh nso vkiY;kyk ,o<k lakHkkGrksp dlk rj ,[kk|kv.kq'kkL=Kkukyk fopkjk- rks lkaxsy dh v.kw o R;kghis{kk lw{ev'kk d.kkapk lq)k foÜokP;k jpusr vR;ar egRokpk Hkkx vkgs-,d k v. k q r hy U; w V ª k W u vk f . k ç k s V k W u

21

1@12]000]000]000]000]000]000 bap nwj >kys rj R;kfo?kVuk}kjs oLrqeku ,dla?k u jkgrk vR;ar çpaM v.kqLQksV gksÅ'kdrks- Eg.kwup l"Vhpk fuekZ.kdrkZ nso ;kP;k n"Vhus oLrqaph çpaMrkvkf.k lw{erk v'kh nksUgh lkj[khp egRokph vkgsr-

Eg.kwu tsOgk vki.k çÜu djrks dh & eR;Z euq"; rks dk;dh rwa R;kph vkBo.k djkoh\ rsOgk vki.k Lor%yk letokos dheuq";kP;k vkdkjkoj nsokP;k çhrhps eksy voyacwu ukgh- ;kmyVnsokyk vkiys eksy brj dkgh dkj.kkLro okVrs- nsokP;k n`"Vhusvki.k dls eksyoku vkgksr gs R;kus vkiY;kyk nk[kowu fnysvkgs-

v[khy l`"Vh nsokps xkSjo djrs] R;kps lkeF;Z çxV djrs-rjh nso fdrh çseG o —ikGw vkgs gs R;kus nqlÚ;k ekxkZus çxVdsys- R;kyk vkeph Qkj dkGth okVrs- v'kk nsokpk tj rqEgkyk'kks/k ?;ko;kpk vlsy rj rqepk v/;kfRed xq: vxnh foÜoklik=vlyk ikfgts gs vxR;kps vkgs-



fopkj djk

1- ewBHkj yks[kaMkpk dhl rqEgh gosr m/kGyk rjrks dhl [kkyh vkY;koj rqEgkyk gkrke/;s,[kkns lqanj ?kMîkG idMrk ;sbZy v'kh vis{kkrqEgh djrk dk;\

2- foÜoke/khy lxGîk lqfu;fer vkf.k vn~HkwrfØ;k fuekZ.kdrkZ nso ;kP;kf'kok; d/khrjh'kD; vkgsr dk;\

3- l`"VhP;k fufeZrhrwu fuekZ.kdR;kZ nsokps çxVhdj.kgksrs dh rks U;k;h] loZlkeFkhZ] egk'kDrh'kkyho fu;ec) vkgs ijarq dsoG fufeZrh}kjs rqEgkyknsokP;k çhrhph o —isph tk.kho gksrs dk\

T;kP;kik'kh fnok vkgs R;kyk va/kkÚ;k xqgse/kwu lgti.kspkyrk ;srs-

IysVks

l`"Vh Eg.kts xqgsP;k rksaMk'kh vlysyk va/kqd çdk'k rjnsokps opu Eg.kts fnok gks;-

,-,p-LVªk¡x

rqepk vk/;kfRed xq:foÜoluh; vkgs dk;\

dkgh fnolkaiwohZ orZekui=ke/;s jMkj;a=s.ke/;sa nks"k fuekZ.k>kY;keqGs dkgh yksd ej.k ikoys gh ckreh çfl) >kyh gksrh-ijarq tsOgk vkiyh vk/;kfRed jMkj ;a=.kk fc?kMrs vkf.k vk/;kfRed lagkj gksrks rsOgk rks fdrh rjh Hk;adj Lo#ikpk vlrks-

vkt txHkj vusd folaokn vkgsr- çR;sd xV vki.kpdls brjkauk nsokçr usÅ 'kdrks ;kpk vÍkgkl /kjhr vkgsr- i.krqEgh dks.kkoj foÜokl Bso.kkj\ ijarq rqepk nsokfo"k;h 'kks/k pkywvlrkuk rqEgh pqdhP;k ekxkZus tkrk dkek u;s dkj.k gk ç'uvuardkyP;k thoukpk vkgs-

baXyaMps iarç/kku XyWMLVksu Eg.krkr] ^^ifo= 'kkL= Eg.ktsmRiÙkhpk mÙke iqjkok vkgs vkf.k ifo= 'kkL=kps loZ fojks/kdvkiksvki nwj lkjys tkrkr-**

vesfjdsps v/;{k vczkgke fyadu Eg.kkys] ^ifo= 'kkL= ghnsokus ekuokyk fnysyk loksZ—"B ns.kxh vkgs-**

çdj.k çdj.k çdj.k çdj.k çdj.k 22222

25


txkP;k bfrgklkrhy vusd Js"B O;Drhauh ifo= 'kkL=kps,desoi.k dcwy dsys vkgs vkf.k R;kauh dcwy dsys vkgs dh ifo='kkL=kps Js"BRo d/khgh u"V gksÅ 'kdr ukgh-

vkiY;k vk/;kfRed xq:laaca/kh nkohnjktkph [kk=h gksrh- rksEg.krks] ^rq>s opu ekÖ;k ikoykadfjrk fnok o ekÖ;k ekxkZojçdk'k vkgs* ¼Lrks= 119%105½-

vusd yksdkapk vktferhyk vlk iw.kZ foÜokl vkgs dhifo= 'kkL=k}kjs rs nsoki;Zar iksgapw 'kdrkr- ifo= 'kkL= u"Vdj.;kpk vusdnk ç;Ru dj.;kr vkyk ijarq loZ nq"Vç;Ruke/kwu rs vktrkxk;r ftoarp jkfgys vkgs- [kjks[kjtxke/;s ftrdh iqLrds vfLrRokr vkgsr R;ke/;s ifo= 'kkL=,deso vkgs-

ifo= 'kkL= ,deso vkf.k vLly vkgs ;kph [kk=h yksdkaukgoh vlrs] nsokus R;koj ^nsokps opu* Eg.kwu f'kDdkeksrZc dsysvkgs- bfrgklko:u vkf.k ifo= 'kkL=krhy opukao:u dks.kkghlwK okpdkyk ,d xks"V çd"kkZus tk.kosy dh ^çR;sd bZÜoj çsfjr'kkL=ys[k ln~cks/k] nks"k nk[kfo.ks] lq/kkj.kwd] uhfrf'k{k.k ;kdfjrkmi;ksxh vkgs** ¼2 rheF; 3%16½

tj ifo= 'kkL= dks.kk ,dkusp fyfgys vlrs rj rs vf/kdØeokj o i)r'khji.ks fyfgys vkgs ákps vkiY;kyk uoy okVysulrs- gs ifo= 'kkL= dks.kk ,dkus fyfgys ukgh- rs vusdO;Drha}kjs osxosxGîk Lo#ikP;k lekt] laL—rhP;k ikÜoZHkwehojvusd 'krdkae/;s fyfgys xsys- rjhgh R;k laiw.kZ ifo= 'kkL=ke/;s,dokD;rk ok<Grs- nsoklaca/khps lR; vxnh lgti.ks vkf.k

27

rso<îkp vuU;lk/kkj.kfjR;k ifo= 'kkL=kr fnlwu ;srs vkf.k gslxGsp eksBs y{k.kh;p uOgs rj vykSfdd vls vkgs!

;kcjkscj vussd iqjkrRo la'kks/kdkauh ifo= 'kkL=kph lR;rkvusd iqjkO;kafu'kh fl) dsyh vkgs- T;k ?kVukaph iwohZ diksydfYirEg.kwu gsVkG.kh dsyh xsyh R;kp ?kVukaph lR;rk iqjkrRo la'kks/kdkaP;k dqnG&[kksÚ;kauh * vkt lR; Eg.kwu txkleksj uksan dsyh-

[kjsp ifo= 'kkL= gs nsokps iqLrd vkgs vkf.k

txkrhy loZ ekuokadfjrk R;ke/;s nsokpk lans'k vkgs-

ifo= 'kkL= gs nsokps iqLrd vkgs gs lR; vlys rjhvusdt.k R;kiklwu rksaM fQjorkr- tx nksu yksd xVkae/;s foHkkxysvkgs- ,d 'kkL=Kkapk dh ts oSKkfud iqjkO;kpkp ikBiqjkok djrkrvkf.k nqljk xV foÜokl.kkÚ;kapk dh ts MksGs >kdwu oSKkfudiqjkO;kokpwu nsokps opu foÜoklkus Lohdkjrkr- [kjs 'kkL=K gs [kjsfoÜokl.kkjs vlwp 'kdr ukghr- rjhgh vkt vusd 'kkL=K vlsvkgsr dh rs vlk fopkj djhr ukghr- ifo= 'kkL= gs ,d foKkula'kks/kukps iqLrd ukgh- tsFks tsFks ifo= 'kkL=kr dkgh oSKkfud

rqepk vk/;kfRed xq: foÜoluh; vkgs dk;\

* mnkgj.kkFkZ] 1868 e/;s teZu ;k=sd: Dyhu us vk/kqfud eokc jktkP;k

izkarkyk HksV fnyh- vkt R;kyk ;knsZu Eg.krkr- R;kfBdk.kh R;kyk nxMh ikVhoj34 vksGh fyfgysY;k fnlY;k- R;k vksGh eokcpk jktk es'kkus fyfgY;k gksR;k-rks blzk,ykoj myVyk gksrk( ;k Lej.kkFkZ R;k laxzghr gksR;k- vezh o vgkcpkmYys[k 2 jkts 1 Y;k v/;k;kr vk<Grks o nxMh ikVîkaoj ns[khy vk<Grks-nksUgh fBdk.kh vkiY;kyk lkax.;kr vkys vkgs dh gs blzk,yh jkts eokckP;kfojks/kkr gksrs- vkt ts 'kks/k ykxr vkgsr rs 'kks/k vkiY;kyk ck;cyP;kfy[kk.kkP;k lR;rsfo"k;h iqjkok nsrkr dh ck;cye/;s fyfgysY;k xks"Vh ,sfrgkfldlR; vkgsr-


ckchapk mYys[k vkyk vkgs rsFks] oSKkfud lR; ukdkjys xsys ukgh gsegRokps vkgs- okLrfod ikgkrk] ifo= 'kkL=kpk gsrq o R;kph ekaM.khgh foKkukP;k rRokaP;k lhesiyhdMhy vkgs-

mnkgj.kkFkZ] vki.k ;k i`Fohrykoj d'kklkBh vkgksr gsfoKkukyk Li"V djrk ;sr ukgh- rlsp ;k bgyksdkuarj vkiysiq<s dk; gks.kkj gs foKku Li"V d: 'kdr ukgh- thoukpk usedkgsrw dk; vkgs gs foKku Li"V d: 'kdr ukgh- rlsp ,[kk|kO;DrhP;k thoukps eksy fdrh vkgs gs foKku lkaxw 'kdr ukgh-,[kknk euq"; fdrhgh gq'kkj vlyk fdaok loZlk/kkj.k vlyk rjhçR;sd euq";kyk nsoklaca/kh lR; 'kks/k.;klkBh nSoh enrhph xjtHkklrs- Eg.kwup txçfl) Ýsap xf.krh o rRoKkuh Cysl ikLdyEg.krks] ^cqf)eÙksph ijeksP;rk Eg.kts vki.k cq)hoku ukgh vlslet.ks gks;**] thouklacaa/kh egRokps çÜu vkiY;kyk ifo='kkL=kf'kok; lksMfork ;s.ks dsoG v'kD; vkgs-

ifo= 'kkL= gs nsokps iqLrd vkgs] ;klkBh vki.kifo= 'kkL= gs nsokps iqLrd vkgs] ;klkBh vki.kifo= 'kkL= gs nsokps iqLrd vkgs] ;klkBh vki.kifo= 'kkL= gs nsokps iqLrd vkgs] ;klkBh vki.kifo= 'kkL= gs nsokps iqLrd vkgs] ;klkBh vki.knksu xks"Vh /;kukr ?ksÅ ;k-nksu xks"Vh /;kukr ?ksÅ ;k-nksu xks"Vh /;kukr ?ksÅ ;k-nksu xks"Vh /;kukr ?ksÅ ;k-nksu xks"Vh /;kukr ?ksÅ ;k-

ifgyh xks"V Eg.kts ifo= 'kkL=kr fnysY;k vpwd Hkfo";ok.;k-nqljh xks"V Eg.kts T;k yksdkauh ifo= 'kkL=krhy lans'k xaHkhji.ksLohdkjyk R;kaP;k thoukr fnlwu ;s.kkjk nsokP;k opukpk lkeF;Z'kkyhçHkko-

ifo= 'kkL=krhy Hkfo";ok.;kaph vpwdrk &ifo= 'kkL=krhy Hkfo";ok.;kaph vpwdrk &ifo= 'kkL=krhy Hkfo";ok.;kaph vpwdrk &ifo= 'kkL=krhy Hkfo";ok.;kaph vpwdrk &ifo= 'kkL=krhy Hkfo";ok.;kaph vpwdrk &vkiY;k Hkfo";kar iq<s dk; ?kM.kkj vkgs ;kph mRlqdrk

çR;sdkykp vlrs- ifo= 'kkL=ke/;s Hkfo";kr iq<s dk; ?kM.kkj

29

vkgs v'kh egRokph Hkkfdrs lkafxryh vkgsr- dkgh ?kVukapk ckjhdri'khylq)k fnysyk vk<Grks- rqEgh dnkfpr çÜu djky] rqEgkykR;klaca/kh ,o<h [kk=h d'kh okVrs\**

;k çÜukps mÙkj letwu ?ks.;klkBh v'kh dYiuk djk dhrqEgh ,dk vuksG[;k ns'kkr lqÍhlkBh xsyk vkgkr- rqeP;kgkrke/;s R;k ns'kkpk udk'kk rqeP;k ekxZn'kZuklkBh vkgs- dkyi;Zarrqepk R;k udk'kkoj iw.kZ foÜokl gksrk dkj.k R;kr n'kZfoysY;kunhdkBP;k xkokr rqEgh jk=h eqDdkegh dsyk gksrk- vkt rqEgkyknqlÚ;k ekxkZus iq<s tko;kps vkgs- rqeP;k leksj lxGk vuksG[khçns'k vkgs( ijarq rqeP;k gkrkrhy udk'kkçek.ks rqEgh vkrk MkohdMsoGyk Eg.ktks iq<s rqEgkyk taxykr ,d ryko ykxsy- vkrkrqEgkyk rks ryko ikgkoklk okVsy] ex rqEgh dk; djky\ udk'kkrhyekxZn'kZukuqlkj rqEgh MkohdMs oGyk] gks; uk\ vls dj.;kpsrqEgh fufÜpri.ks Bjoky dkj.k dkyp rqEgkyk R;k udk'kkrhylR;rspk iMrkGk vkyk gksrk- rqEgkyk dk; gos rs R;k udk'kkeqGslkiMys gksrs-

ifo= 'kkL= gs nsokps iqLrd vkgs ;kpk [kk=h'khj iqjkokEg.kts R;ke/khy fnysY;k Hkfo";ok.;kaph vpwdrk- ifo= 'kkL=krhyçR;sd ikukoj v'kh Hkfo";ok.kh fnyh vkgs vkf.k vkt vki.kikgkrks dh rh çR;sd Hkfo";ok.kh iw.kZ >kyh vkgs o gksr vkgsr-'ksdMks o"kkZiwohZ Hkkfdrsa dsyh rh Hkfo";kr iw.kZ >kysyh vki.kikgkrks-

gh Hkfo";ok.kh iFohojhy loZ yksdkalkBh vkgs- R;kr bL=k,yvkf.k e/;iwosZlaca/kh fof'k"V Hkfo";ok.kh vkgs- elhgkP;k ;s.;klaca/kh



rj vxnh vpwd Hkfo";ok.kh vusdosGk dsysyh vk<Grs- elhgkP;k;s.;klaca/kh R;k dkGh dsysyh Hkfo";ok.kh vkrk bfrgkl >kyk vkgs-elhgkpk tUe] R;kps thou o ej.k ;klaca/kh dsysyh 'ksdMkso"kkZiwohZph Hkfo";ok.kh fdrh rarksrar [kjh >kyh gs vkrk vkiY;ky{kkr ;srs-

;k ?kVukao:u vki.k fufÜpri.ks vlk rdZ lR;kFkkZus ykow'kdrks dh ifo= 'kkL=kr Hkfo";dkGklaca/kh th th Hkkfdrs dsyhvkgsr rh loZ ;Fkfodkl iw.kZ gksrhyp- R;ke/khy vusd Hkkfdrsvkt rqeP;k MksGkans[kr iw.kZ gksr vkgsr gs rqEgh Lor%P;k MksGîkauhikgkrp vkgkr- ifo= 'kkL= okp.ks Eg.kts m|kps orZekui=okp.ks vlsp vkgs [kjs!

foYcj LehFk gs ifo= 'kkL=kps vk;q";Hkj vH;kld gksrs-ifo= 'kkL=ke/khy Hkkfdrkaph vpwdrk vH;kl.;kr R;kauk [kwivkuan okVs- tqU;k djkjkrhy dkgh fojks/kkHkkl n'kZfo.kkjh elhgklaca/khph Hkkfdrs ikgwu brj /kehZ; Lor%ps lR; brj /kehZ;kaoj yknwikgkr gksrs- rsOgk foYcj LehFk Eg.kkys] ^^bLyke/;s egaeniSxacjklaca/kh R;kP;k tUekiwohZ] rks ;s.kkj ;klaca/kh 'ksdMks o"ksZvxksnj Hkfo";ok.kh dj.;kr vkyh ukgh- rlsp brj dks.kR;kgh /kekZr R;kaP;k /keZlaLFkkidkaP;k tUeklaca/kh R;kaP;k tUekiwohZ d/khghHkfo";ok.kh >kysyh ukgh-**

vki.k r'kk ^rFkkdfFkr* Hkfo";ok.khph] th let.;klkBhQkj var%çsj.ksph xjt ukgh rhgh uhV /;kukr ?ksryh ikfgts-

vkt lax.kdkP;k lgk¸;kus] fuoM.kwdkaP;k njE;ku ?ksrysY;keqyk[krh o xrbfrgkl] fofo/k ek/;ekauh orZfoysY;k rdkZuqlkj o

31

ikgk.khuqlkj fuoM.kwdhiwohZp dks.krk mesnokj fuoM.kwd ftadsy;kph Hkkfdrs dsyh tkrkr- toG vlysY;k loZ vkdMsokjhuqlkjdks.k ftadsy gs lkax.ks ek/;ekauk Qkjls dBh.k ukgh rjhgh vusdnkR;kaps vankt pqdrkrgh!

ijarq i™kkl o"kkZuarj fuoM.kwdhP;k fjax.kke/;s dks.k vlsygs çlkj ek/;ekauk fopkjk- R;k fuoM.kwdhr dks.k ftadsy] rksftadwu ;s.kkjk mesnokj dksBs tUesy] R;kph Hkkoh thou'kSyh d'khvlsy vkf.k dks.kR;k ifjfLFkrhr o dlk R;kpk e`R;q gksbZy gs ghfopkjk- R;kP;kgh ifydMs tkÅu ek/;ekauk fopkjk dh vktiklwu1000 o"kkZuarj e/;iwosZph fLFkrh d'kh vlsy- dks.krh 'kgjs euq";oLrhfojghr vlrhy gs fopkjk- R;kauk ojhy dks.krhp xks"Vlkaxrk ;s.kkj ukgh-

R;k i=dkjkauk vf/kdps Hkfo"; lwfpr dj.;kps Hkkx iMsyvkf.k R;kosGh vxnh vpwd dk; ?kMsy gs R;kyk lkaxrk ;s.kkjukgh- vFkkZr vukfnvuar nsokus R;kyk nk[kowu fnY;kf'kok; rksdkgh lkaxw 'kd.kkj ukgh- rls >kys rjp rks i=dkj lq#okrhiklwu'ksoVi;Zarps Hkfo"; vpwd lkaxw 'kdsy- R;k i=dkjkçek.ks] ifo='kkL=ke/;s vpwd v'kh Hkfo";ok.kh nsokus dsyh vkgs-

lksjpk bfrgkl ikgk- R;k 'kgjklaca/kh nsokus orZfoysyhHkfo";ok.kh v{kj'k% iw.kZ >kyh-

rqEgkyk okVys rj ;gTdsy 26%3&21 e/khy Hkfo";ok.kht:j okpk] o uarj bfrgkl okpk- nksUgh fBdk.kh rqEgh rspokpky- ifgyh vkgs rh Hkfo";ok.kh rj nqljk vkgs rks bfrgkl-

Hkkfdr%%%%%lksje/;s vfr'k; dBh.k ifjfLFkrh ;sbZy ;klac/kh



nsokus Qkj iwohZp Hkkfdr dsys gksrs- rks Eg.kkyk]^^;kLro çHkq ijesÜoj Eg.krks----eh rqtfo#) vkgs----eh rqtoj cgqr jk"Vªs yksVhu- rs lksjsP;k rVkapk fo/oal djrhy o frps cq:t ikMwu Vkfdrhy- eh frtojhyekrh [kjMwu dk<wu frpk m?kMk [kMd djhu---ehleqækr tkGh ilj.;kps fBdk.k gksbZy- ----rq>sjaxegky ikMwu Vkfdrhy] rq>s ik"kk.k] ykdwM] ekrhoxSjs loZ dkgh ik.;kr cqMowu Vkdrhy-** ijarq ,o<slkaxwu Hkfo";ok.kh Li"V gksr ukgh- nsokus iqjkrulksjyk EgVys] ^eh rq>k m?kMk [kMd d:u rqyk tkGsilj.;kps fBdk.k djhu** ¼;gTdsy 26%3]4]12]14½-

bfrgkl %bfrgkl %bfrgkl %bfrgkl %bfrgkl % bfrgkl okpY;koj rqeP;k y{kkr ;sbZy dhucq[kn~usLlj jktkus tqU;k lksj 'kgjkpk fo/oal dsyk- vxksnjpHkfo"; dsY;kçek.ks R;kus 'kgjkps rV o cq:t tehunksLr dsys-uarj fldanjP;k yksdkauh R;k 'kgjkP;k tehuhojhy loZ ekrh[kjMwu dk<yh o dsoG [kMd rsFks jkfgys-

uarj rh lxGh ekrh o [kMd] nxM b- R;kauh leqækr HkjVkdwu jLrk cufoyk- Hkfo"; orZfoY;kçek.ks lxGs ?kMys- ykdwM]ik"kk.k] ekrh bR;knh leqækP;k ik.;kr cqMowu Vkd.;kr vkys-vkt ns[khy tqU;k lksj uxjkps gs vo'ks"k leqnzkr cqMkysysfnlrkr- nso cksyyk rls lxGs ?kMys-

vkt e/;iwosZr uohu lksj 'kgj okLrfo.;kr vkys vkgs-ijarq rs Eg.kts çkphu lksj uxj uOgs] rs rj 1291 e/;s iw.kZ m/oLr >kys gksrs-

33

tj rqEgh çkphu lksj uxjhpk ifjlj vkt ikfgykr rj R;kloZ Hkfo";ok.;k iw.kZ >kY;kps rqEgkyk fnlsy- ekls idM.kkÚ;kePNhekjkaph ?kjs rqEgkyk rsFks fnlrhy- ePNhekjkaP;k ukSdk leqækojrjaxrkauk fnlrhy- fo'ks"k Eg.kts R;kaph tkGh [kMdkoj iljysyhfnlrhy! euq";kP;k cq)hlkeF;kZus vls Hkfo"; d/khp orZforkvkys ulrs- tqU;k lksj 'kgjkpk fo/oal v'kkçdkjs gksbZy gseuq";kP;k cq)h}kjs d/kh lkaxrk vkys vlrs dk;\

ihVj LVksuj ;kauh lksj uxjkpk bfrgkl o R;klaca/kh orZfo.;krvkysyh Hkfo";ok.kh ;kpk rqyukRed vH;kl dsyk- ;gTdsykP;kHkkdhrkapk vxnh 'kkL=ksDr vH;kl dsY;kuarj LVksuj Eg.krks %

^tj ;gTdsyus lksj uxj R;kP;k dkGkr ikfgys vlrs o ghlkr Hkfo";s ekuoh cq)hus dFku dsyh vlrh rj R;kiSdh75]000]000 iSdh ,d Hkfo";ok.kh [kjh Bjyh vlrh- ijarq loZHkfo";ok.kh vxnh rarksrar iw.kZ >kyh vkgs-**

vkrk ,[kk|k ckydkP;k tUeklaca/khph Hkfo";ok.kh d'kh iw.kZgksrs rs ikgk-

,d fuo`Ùk tdkrnkj eÙk; ;kus ;s'kw tUeyk rsOgk pkjHkfo";ok.;k d'kk iw.kZ >kY;k ;kph uksan dsyh vkgs- R;kiSdh ,dkHkfo";ok.khr R;kus eh[kkpk lanHkZ fnyk- eh[kkus R;kP;k dkGkrhyjktkaoj dMkMwu gYyk dsyk- R;kP;k dkGkr dks.krkgh ekrCcjiq<kjh uOgrk Eg.kwu eh[kk nq%[kh gksrk- ijarq nsokus R;kyk nk[kowufnys dh ,d rstLoh ^iq<kjh* fuekZ.k gksbZy- R;k iq<kÚ;kpk tUedksBs gksbZy gs gh R;kus lkafxrys]



^gs csFkygse ,ÝkFkk] ;gwnkP;k gtkjkae/;s rq>h x.kukvYi vkgs] rjh rqte/kwu ,d t.k fu?ksy] rks etlkBh]bL=k,ykpk 'kkLrk gksbZy R;kpk mn~Hko çkphu dkGkiklwuvukfndkGkiklwu vkgs* ¼eh[kk 5%2½bL=k,yPkk 'kkLrk csFkygse ,ÝkFkke/;s ;s'kw tUesy gs nsokus

nk[kowu fnys-eh[kkP;k Hkfo";kçek.ks ;s'kwpk tUe >kyk- rks R;kP;k dqGkP;k

ukljsFk ;sFks tUeyk ukgh rj csFkysgsekr tUeyk- jkseh ckn'kgkP;knoaMhçek.ks rks csFkygse uxjkr tUeyk- ukofu'kh uksano.;kps QekZugksrs o ;s'kwP;k ekrk&fiR;kus R;k 'kkgh QekZukps ikyu dsys- R;klkBhpR;kauh vkiys xko lksMys o rs csFkygsekl xsys- csFkygse Eg.kts;gwnk çkarkrhy ,d NksVs xko gksrs- rsFks jktk tUekl ;sbZy vlsdks.kkykgh okVys ulrs- R;kP;k tUekP;kosGh ts vMFkGs vkys rsQkj vo?kM gksrs- rjhgh eh[kkP;k Hkfo";ok.khçek.ks loZ ?kMys-;s'kwlaca/kh vusd Hkfo";ok.;k vkgsr] gh R;kiSdhp ,d vkgs-

nso Eg.krks rs vki.k okprks %^eh vkjaHkhp 'ksoV dGforks] gks.kkÚ;k xks"Vh ?kM.;kiwohZR;k eh çkphu dkGkiklwu lkaxr vkyks vkgs] ek>kladYi fl)hl tkbZy] ek>k euksjFk eh iw.kZ djhu*¼;'k;k 46%10½-^eh ekxsp iwohZP;k xks"Vh lkafxrY;k] ekÖ;k eq[kkrwuR;k fu?kkY;k] eh R;k dGfoY;k] eh R;k vdLekr d:ykxyks vkf.k R;k ?kMwu vkY;k*-----Eg.kwu gs cgqrdkGkiwohZp rqyk dGfoys rs ?kMko;kiwohZp

35

rqyk fofnr dsysukgh rj rw Eg.kkyk vlrkl dhekÖ;k ewrhZus rs dsys- ekÖ;k dksjho ewrhZP;k vkKsus oekÖ;k vksrho ewrhP;k vkKsus rs >kys** ¼;'k;k 48%3]5½nsokus fnysyh çR;sd Hkfo";ok.kh 100 VDds rarksrar iw.kZ >kyh

vkgs ;kyk bfrgkl lk{k vkgs-

ifo= 'kkL=kPkk lkeF;Zoku çHkkoifo= 'kkL=kPkk lkeF;Zoku çHkkoifo= 'kkL=kPkk lkeF;Zoku çHkkoifo= 'kkL=kPkk lkeF;Zoku çHkkoifo= 'kkL=kPkk lkeF;Zoku çHkkoifo= 'kkL= gs nsokps opu vkgs ;kpk nqljk iqjkok Eg.kts

R;kpk lkeF;Zoku vlk çHkko- ekuoh oa'k gs lkekftd]lkaL—frd vkf.k oS;fDrd n`"Vîk nsokP;k lans'kkeqGs ekU;rk ikoys-tsFks tsFks nsokps opu iksgapys rsFks R;kpk vR;ar eksBk çHkko rsFkhyeuq";kaoj iMyk-

;k iqLrdkph ifgyh vko`Ùkh Nki.;kiwohZ vkepk ,d uohupfe= vkeP;k HksVhlkBh ?kjh vkyk- vkEgh R;k vko`Ùkhph Nkuuhdsyh- tsOgk vkEgh lkrO;k çdj.kkph Nkuuh d: ykxyks rsOgk rksvpkudi.ks ln~xrhr >kyk o vukgqri.ks R;kP;k MksGîkr ik.khvkys- rsOgk vkEgh nksu osGk okdwu çkFkZuk dsyh- çhrhiw.kZ nsokphLrqrh dsyh- vkEgh eukiklwu R;kps vkHkkj ekuys- nsokph th çhrhvkEgh R;k çdj.kkr okpr gksrks] R;keqGs vkeps var%dj.k Hk:uvkys- vkeP;k vik= v'kk thoukr nsokph d:.kk] çhrh vkf.kR;kph lgu'khyrk fdrh ve;kZn vkgs ;k tk.khosus vkEgh feGwuR;kps vkHkkj ekuys- nsokP;k Fkjkjd vfLrRokP;k tk.khosus vkepsÅj vkuankus Hk:u vkys-

rks fnol vkeP;k fe=klkBh Qkj egRokpk gksrk- cjkscj



,d o"kkZiwohZ ;kp fno'kh rks ,dk vfy'kku ?kjkr ,dVkp mnklvlk clyk gksrk i.k vkt rks vkeP;kcjkscj ;k lk/;k ?kjkrvkuankus vksrçksr Hkjyk gksrk-

ijarq T;k lqanj okrkoj.kkr rks iwohZ gksrk R;keqGs R;kykR;kosGh vkuan okVyk ukgh- okLrfod R;kps var%dj.k ,o<s mnkl>kys gksrs dh R;kyk tx.;kph ns[khy bPNk uOgrh- lq[kkP;k 'kks/kkr R;kP;ke/khy i'kwoÙkhp mQkGwu ;sr gksrh- dksdsuP;k O;lukik;hR;kps thou laiq"Vkr ;sr gksrs- cWzUMh] fOgLdh v'kk eknd is;kaeqGsrks jkstps thou dlsrjh <dyr gksrk- ;qjksikr vkf.k lxGîktxkrp vR;ar /kuk<î yksdkacjkscj rks estokU;k >ksMhr gksrk- i.kR;k jk=h rks vxnhp ,dkdh gksrk- R;k ,dkdhi.kkr R;kyklHkksokjP;k Hkhrhnk;d txkph tk.kho >kyh- vkrk ;krwu lqV.;kpk,dgh ekxZ ukgh vls R;kyk okVw ykxys-

xksGîkauh Hkjysys fiLrqy R;kus vkiY;k dku'khykoj jks[kwu /kjys- vkrk 1@8 bap varjko:u eh gk fiLrqykpk pki vks<yk dhlxGs nq%[k dk;epsp ukghls gksbZy* vlk fopkj R;kP;k eukr gksrk-vkf.k useD;k R;kp {k.kh nwjn'kZuoj nqljkp dk;ZØe lq: >kyk ¼rksdlk lq: >kyk gs ekÖ;k R;k fe=kyk letys ukgh½- vkrk R;kdk;ZØekrwu R;kyk ifo= 'kkL=ke/khy lans'k ,sdw ;sÅ ykxyk- R;krwuiq<hy egku vk'kslaca/kh lans'k gksrk- R;k ,dkdh e/;jk=h] rkstfeuhoj miMk iMyk- ftoar nsokph d:.kk Hkkdw ykxyk- {kesph;kpuk d: ykxyk] n;sph Hkhd R;k txfu;aR;kdMs ekxw ykxyk-

nsokP;k lkeF;kZus ekÖ;k fe=kps thou vkeqykxz cnywuxsys- iwohZpk rks vkf.k vkrk uohu >kysyk rks ;ke/;s tehu

37

vLekupk Qjd iMyk gksrk- R;kP;k tUekiwohZ R;kps vkbZckiR;kP;klkBh çkFkZuk djhr gksrs- r#.ki.kh R;kus tjh ifo= 'kkL=okpys gksrs rjh R;krhy lans'k R;kus d/khp eukoj ?ksryk uOgrk-R;kP;k thoukrhy ekStetsiq<s R;kyk nsokps dkghp egRo okVysuOgrs- eukyk ;sbZy rks LoSjkpkj rks djhr jkfgyk-

lrjk o"kkZuarj] R;k vfOkLej.kh; jk=h R;kyk nsokpk 'kks/kykxyk] rsOgk R;kus ,d Nku ogh fodr vk.kyh- R;k oghe/;s R;kjk=huarj thoukr ?kM.kkÚ;k çR;sd ?kVusph uksan dj.;kpk R;kpk mÌs'kgksrk- ekxhy lrjk o"kkZe/khy LoSjkpkjklaca/kh ek= ,dgh uksandj.;kr vkyh ukgh-

R;k lrjk o"kkZae/;s ekÖ;k fe=kus ftoar nsokiklwu vkiysrksaM fQjfoys gksrs o rks [kksVîk o u r`Ir dj.kkÚ;k vkfRedekxkZoj pkyw ykxyk gksrk- jkst jkst rks Lor%P;k jk'kh Hkfo";kpkb'kkjk ikgr gksrk- rks jkWd laxhr ,sdr gksrk o jkWdP;k dk;ZØekauktkr gksrk- c?krk c?krk rks [kksVîk f'kdo.khP;k iaFkkpk >kyk- iq<sR;kyk tMysY;k ;ksxkP;k osMkus R;kyk fganw /kekZP;k rRoKkukP;kvH;klkdMs oGfoys- dkykarjkus rks ikSokR;Z xw<fo|se/;sgh rksx<wu xsyk- R;k laiw.kZ dkyko/khe/;s ?kMysY;k vusd ?kVukaaiSdh,dhph lq)k uksan R;kP;k oghr R;kus dsyh ukgh- T;k vLej.kh;jk=h R;kyk ftoar nsokph vksG[k >kyh R;k jk=hi;Zar R;k oghrhyikus dksjsp jkfgys-

ijarq R;k jk=h R;kus R;k oghr ifgyh uksan dsyh- R;kus tsfyfgys gksrs rs okpwu eyk vkuan okVyk- nsokP;k çhrhus o —isusrkjysY;k ,dk ek.klkph rh ,d lPph uksan gksrh- R;kP;k vkfRed



lkSan;kZpk rks ,d lgt lqanj vfo"dkj gksrk- nsokus R;kP;kojfoiqy —ik dsyh gksrh vkf.k R;kps vkfRed vka/kGsi.k nwj dsysgksrs- [kksy fujk'kk vkf.k e`R;qiklwu R;kyk lkojys gksrs- nsokphvo.kZuh; izhrh vkf.k R;kps lR; R;kyk letys gksrs-

ekÖ;k R;k fe=kçek.ks vusd t.k vkfRed laHkzekr vlrkr-rks nwj Ogkok Eg.kwup nsokus Lor%yk ,dk iqLrdke/kwu çxV dsys-rs iqLrd Eg.ktsp ifo= 'kkL= gks;- ;k ifo= 'kkL=kiklwu rqEghikB fQjfoyh- R;k ,dkp vkfRed ekxZn'kZdkyk >qxkjys rj rqEght:j laHkzekr iMky o pqdhP;k ekxkZoj pkyky( ijarq rqEgkyk[kjks[kj nsokpk 'kks/k gok vlsy rj ifo= 'kkL=kdMs oGk- R;krwurqEgkyk fufÜpr vk/;kfRed çdk'k vkf.k ;ksX; rs ekxZn'kZufeGsy-

nsokP;k opuke/kwup rqEgkyk nsokph [kjh vksG[k iVsy-ifo= 'kkL=ke/kwu rqEgkyk lR; dk; vkgs gs letsy- nsokps opuvkf.k txkpk çdk'k ;kph [kjh tk.k rqEgkyk ifo= 'kkL=krwup;sbZy-

çHkq] rq>k 'kCn iqjs vkEgk]vkeP;k ikoyklkBh çdk'ktks Bsoh foÜokl lR;opukojçdk'k vkf.k vkuan feGs R;kalh

39rqepk vk/;kfRed xq: foÜoluh; vkgs dk;\

fopkj djk

1- ifo= 'kkL=kr fnysY;k Hkfo";ok.khçek.ks vxnhvpwd v'kh Hkfo";ok.kh brj dks.kR;k rjhxzaFkkr lkiMsy dk;\

2- ifo= 'kkL=ke/khy lans'kkdMs y{k nsÅu rsLohdkjY;keqGs T;kaP;k thoukr vkewykxz cny>kyk vkgs- v'kk yksdka'kh rqeph oS;fDrdvksG[k vkgs dk;\

3- ifo= 'kkL=krhy lans'kkdMs rqEgh dkuk&MksGkdsyk dk;\ R;krhy opus y{kiwoZd okp.;kpsrqEgh VkGrk dk;\

nsoklaca/khP;k iz'ukaiq<s] i`Foh o LoxkZe/khy iz'u dkghpukghr% Eg.kts nso vkgs] rks dlk vkgs vkf.k vkEghuhfreku euq"; Eg.kwu R;kP;klkBh dk; dsys ikfgts-

,-MCY;w-Vks>j

nso dlk vkgs\

thouke/;s çR;sdkus ,d çÜu fopkjyk vkgs & ^nso dlkvkgs\* okLrfod nsokusp ;k çÜukps mÙkj fnys vkgs( rjh vusdt.k mxkp osxosxGîk dYiuk y<ohr vlrkr- ifo= 'kkL=krnso Lor%cÌy dk; Eg.krks gs rs uhV okprp ukghr-

vls yksd ifo= 'kkL=krhy ,dk egRokP;k opukph vxnhmyVkikyV djrkr- nso Eg.kkyk] ^vkiY;k çfr#ikpk o vkiY;k'khln`'k vlk ekuo vki.k d:** ¼mRiÙkh 1%26½- rj gs yksdEg.krkr] ^^vkiY;k çfr#ikpk nso vki.k d:-** vkf.k R;keuq";kauh vfouk'kh nsokP;k xkSjokpk] uk'koar euq";] i{kh] prq"iknçk.kh o ljiV.kkjs çk.kh ;kapk vkdkjkP;k ewrhZ'kh ekscnyk dsyk*¼jkse 1%23½- euq";kauh dfYiysyk çR;sd ^nso* vxnh lkeF;Zghuvkf.k fgMhlgh vkgs-

dks.kh euq"; fdrhgh cqf)eku vlyk rjh ftoar nsokpk 'kks/kLor%P;k fo}Rrsus d: 'kdr ukgh] txkyk vkiY;k KkukP;k ;ksxkusnsokyk vksG[krk vkys ukgh* ¼1 dfjaFk 1%21½- tj euq";kP;kvYicq)hyk nso vksG[krk vkyk vlrk rj rks nso vxnhp NksVkvlrk- tj dkgh cq)hoku ek.klkaukp nsokpk 'kks/k djrk vkyk


41


vlrk rj ts yksd cqf)oku ukghr R;kauk nsokpk 'kks/k d/kh djrkpvkyk ulrk- ijarq lqnSokus rls dkghp ukgh-

myV i{kh vkfRed cq)h lokZaukp ns.;kr vkyh vkgs-vkfÝdse/khy taxyh VksGhrhy euq"; vlks fdaok ,[kk|kfoÜofo|ky;krhy çk/;kid vlks nks?kkaukgh rh lkj[khp 'kD;vkgs- dkj.k vkfRed cq)h gh dlY;k f'k{k.k çfØ;soj voyacwuukgh- ts yksd nsokpk uezi.ks 'kks/k ?ks.;kl] R;kyk eukiklwuvksG[k.;kl mRlqd vkgsr R;kaukp nsokph vksG[k iVw 'kdrs-

rqEgkiSdh tks dks.kh Kkukus m.kk vlsy R;kus rs nsoktoGekxkos Eg.kts rs R;kyk feGsy dkj.k rks dks.kkl nks"k uykork lokZal mnkji.ks nsrks** ¼;kdksc 1%5½- v'kkçdkjps Kku gs tfxd ulwu LoxhZ; vlrs- txkrhydks.kR;kgh jktkyk tfxd dkj.kkrwu rs çkIr gksr ukgh-** rs ák ;qxkrY;k vf/kdkÚ;karhy dks.kkykgh dGruOgrs- dkj.k R;kauk rs dGys vlrs rj R;kauh xkSjokP;kçHkqyk o/kLraHkkoj f[kGys ulrs----vkiY;kyk txkpkvkRek uOgs rj nsokiklwu fu?k.kkjk vkRek feGkyk vkgsáklkBh dh ts nsokus vkiY;kyk —isus fnys rs vki.kvksG[kwu ?;kos** ¼1 dfjaFk 2%8]12½-

ifo= 'kkL= Eg.kts dsoG /kkfeZd rRoKku fdaok çca/k uOgs-çkeq[;kus nsokus Lor%l euq";kauk dls çxV dsys gs ifo= 'kkL=lkaxrs- nsokiklwup rqEgkyk vkfRed Kku feGw 'kdrs- R;keqGs rks dlkvkgs o R;kph rqeP;kdMwu dk; vis{kk vkgs gs letw 'kdrs-

tj rqEgh dGdGhus nso dlk vkgs gs R;kykfopkjys rj ifo= opukrwu rk Lor%yk çxV djhy-

43

dkgh vuksG[;k vkf.k fHk™k çdkjP;k yksdkauk tsOgk vkEghvkeP;k çoklkP;k njE;ku HksVyks rsOgk R;kaP;kcjkscjvkfRed ckchaoj vkeph pkaxyh ppkZ >kyh- ,dnk] vkeph HksVdkgh vkfÝdu r#.kka'kh >kyh- nsokcÌy [kwi dkgh ,sd.;kphR;kaph bPNk gksrh-

lw;Z ekoGyk vkf.k ,dk [kwi O;Lr fnolkph lekIrh >kyh-dsuh;ke/khy ,dk /kqGhrhy cksGkr eh clyks- toGp ,d >qMwigksrs vkf.k R;kr gkypky >kY;kps eyk tk.koys- paækph fdj.ks R;k>qMqikr vkjikj f'kjyh gksrh- R;k çdk'kkr eyk ,dk vkfÝdueqykps dkGs MksGs fnlys- ngk o"kkZapk rks eqyxk yxsp ekÖ;k 'kstkjh[kMdkoj ;sÅu clyk- vkEgh ,desdkaps pkaxys nksLr >kyks-ckdhP;k dkgh eqykauk vkeps cksy.ks ,sdw xsys vkf.k vkEgh dk;cksyr vkgksr gs ikg.;klkBh rs toG vkys- ifo= 'kkL=klaca/khR;kaps Kku ikgwu eyk [kwi vkÜp;Z okVys-

ekÖ;k R;k ygku fe=kus eyk çÜu fopkjyk ^nsokus eks'ksykR;kps rksaM dk cjs ikgw fnys ukgh\**

R;kP;k R;k çÜukps eyk uoy okVys- eh R;kyk Eg.kkyks] gsc?k ;ks,y] eks'ksus nsokyk çkFkZuk dsyh rsOgk nso R;kyk cksyyk &^^eh rqyk ikBeksjk fnlsu i.k ek>s eq[k rqyk fnlko;kps ukgh** gsrqyk vkBors uk\ ¼fuXkZe 33%23½-

nsokps xkSjoh rst fdrh foLe;dkjd vkgs gs eks'ksyk ekghruOgrs- rjhgh nso Lor%yk çxV djhr vlrks o euq";kykLor%dMs cksykor vlrks- rsOgk eks'ksyk lkslosy ,o<sp rst nsokusR;kyk fnlw fnys- nsokus eks'ksyk Lor%ps iw.kZ rst nk[koys vlrs rj

nso dlk vkgs\


eks'ks txwp 'kdyk ulrk- nsokus eks'ksiklwu R;kps rst jk[kwu Bsoysrjh tsOgk nso R;kP;k toGwu xsyk rsOgk R;kus eks'ksyk ,dk [kMdkrlqjf{kr Bosys** ¼fuxZe 33%22½

fo"koo`Ùkkoj Hkj nqikjh lw;Z fdrh Hk;adj rstLoh vlrks;kph tk.k ekÖ;k R;k NksVîk fe=kauk gksrh- lw;kZdMs ikg.ks v'kD;pvlrs- va/kkÚ;k jk=h fdMs fnO;kHkksorh terkr gs gh R;kyk ekghrgksrs- eh R;kauk fopkjys dh gs fdMs tj fnO;kP;k vxnh toG xsysrj dk; gksbZy**\ lxGs t.k ,d lqjkr Eg.kkys ^^rs ejrhy-**ç[kj rstkpk ifj.kke dk; gksbZy gs R;kauk ekghr gksrs-

R;kp jk=h eh R;kauk vk.k[kh ,d mnkgj.k fnys- R;keqGs R;kaukR;kaP;k çÜukps mÙkj feG.kkj gksrs- R;k eqykaP;k uqdR;kp tUeysY;kHkkoMkauk R;kaph vkbZ ckGaR;kr xqaMkGrs o Lor%P;k Nkrh'kh doVkGrsgs ekghr gksrs- R;krwu vkbZph ek;k o dkGth fnlwu ;srs- ex ehR;kauk lkafxrys dh nsokus ns[khy ^R;kl es?koL=kps ika?k:u ?kkrys onkV vHkzkaps R;kl ckGaRks dsys* ¼bZ;ksc 38%9½-

¼;kyk 'kkL=K ^vks>ksu Fkj* Eg.krkr- ;k uktwd Fkjkrwuvrhuhy fdj.k dh ts thokyk Qkj ?kkrd vlrkr] xkGys tkrkr-lw;kZf'kok; i`Fohoj thol`"Vh jkgwp 'kdr ukgh- ijarq lw;kZP;kekjd 'kDrhiklwu nso vkiys j{k.k djrks½-

ekÖ;k R;k ygku fe=kauk] nso vkiyh Hk;adj m".krsiklwu]v'kk ika?k#.kk}kjs d'kh dkGth ?ksrks gs ,sdwu eksBh xaer okVyh] ehts lxGs R;kauk lkafxrys rs R;kauk fdrh dGys gs eyk ekghr ukgh(ijarq R;kaph NksVh var%dj.ks ek= nsokP;k xkSjoh çhrheqGs vkuanyhgs [kjs] uarj vkEgh ,d= çkFkZuk dsyh- nsokpk 'kks/k ?ksrkuk nsokus

45

eks'ksph fdrh dkGth ?ksryh gksrh r'kh nso vkiyh dkGth ?ksr vlrksgs R;kaP;k y{kkr vkys o R;kauk [kwi vkuan okVyk- nso dlk vkgsgs ewyr% let.;klkBh ifo= 'kkL= Eg.krs] ^vkiyk nso ijesÜojgk vuU; ijesÜoj vkgs* ¼vuq 6%4½- nsokps vuU;Ro gk vkiykewyHkwr foÜokl vkgs-

ijarq nso dlk vkgs gs n'kZfo.;kl kBh R;kus Lor%phvusd ukokauh vkiY;kyk vksG[k d:u fnyh vkgs-

ifo= 'kkL=kr ukokauk fo'ks"k egRo vkgs dkj.k R;k ukokae/kwu R;k O;Drhph uhV vksG[k iVfoyh tkrs- nsokyk vlysY;kçR;sd ukokrwu R;kps oSf'k"Vî fnlwu ;srs- R;kP;k nSoh O;fDreRokpsiSyw R;k ukokarwu fnlwu ;srkr-

tqU;k djkjkr nsokph rhu ukos fnyh vkgsr- ;kOgs] ,yksghevkf.k vnksuh- çR;sd ukokps [kkl oSf'k"Vî vkgs- ,yksghe gsifgys ukao vkgs vkf.k R;kpk mYys[k nksu gtkj osGk dsysykvk<Grks- ;kOgs gs uko ns[khy ,d çeq[k ukao vlys rjh ,yksghegs uko ns[khy [kwi egRokps vkgs] rs vki.k uhV /;kukr ?;kosv'kh nsokph bPNk vkgs i.k gs uko Eg.kts dk;\

vkiY;k Hkk"ksr vki.k ,dklaca/kh cksyrkauk ,dopu o vusdkacÌycksyrkauk vusdopu okijrks- ijarq vusdopu fgczw Hkk"ksr fof'k"Vçdkjs okij.;kr ;srs- nksu O;Drhlaca/kh osxGs loZuke o nksuis{kkvf/kd vlsy rj vusdopu okij.;kr ;srs- ;k nksUgh Eg.kts }h*o ^vusd* e/khy Qjd egRokpk vkgs- ,yksghe gs uke nsoklkBhçFke okij.;kr vkys- ,yksghe fuekZ.kdrkZ nso gs R;kps uko,dopuh fdaok }hopuh ulwu rs vusdopuh vkgs-

nso dlk vkgs\


^^nsokus ¼,yksgheus½ çkjaHkh vkdk'k o iFoh fuekZ.k dsyh**¼mRiÙkh 1%1½ Eg.kts ifo= 'kkL=krhy vxnh ifgY;kp opuke/;sansokph vksG[k o =SD; nso fdaok nsokps =SD; v'kh d:u fnyh vkgs-;k fr?kkauk feGwu ^=SD;* gh mik/kh fnyh vkgs-

nsokps =SD; :i letY;kuarj] nsokus euq"; dlk fuekZ.kdsyk ;kph uksan vkgs- ^^ex nso cksyyk] vkiY;k çfr#ikpk ovkiY;k'kh ln`'k vlk ekuo vki.k d:** ¼mRifÙk 1%26½-* ;kopuke/;s ^vkiY;k* gs vusdopuh loZuke okijys vkgs- ijarqiq<P;kp opuke/;s vki.k okprks dh ^^uj o ukjh v'kh R;kusfuekZ.k dsyh** ¼mRifÙk 1%27½- ^R;kus* Eg.kts ;sFks ,dopuhloZuke vkgs- Eg.kts ,yksghe gs nsokps lq#okrhyk vlysys ukogs ,dopuh vkgs vusdopuhgh vkgs-

nso dlk vkgs gs tfxd Kkuk}kjs dks.kkgh euq";kyk let.kkjukgh- rs letkos Eg.kwu nsokusp vkiY;koj —ik dsyh- ^vkiY;kyktxkpk vkRek uOgs rj nsokiklwu tks vkRek vkgs rks feGkyk;klkBh ts nsokus vkiY;kyk —isus fnys rs vki.k vksG[kwu ?;kos**¼1 dfjaFk 2%12½- nso dlk vkgs gs let.;klkBh ákiklwulq#okr d:u ifo= 'kkL= R;kP;k =SD;klac/akhps xw< gGwgGwmdyr tkrs- nsokps gs =SD; :i lt.;klkBh nso rqeP;koj fdrhçse djrks gs gh rqEgkyk lkrO;k çdj.kkr fnlwu ;sbZy-* ouLirhaizek.ks ekuokph fufeZrh >kyh ukgh gs {kkr ?ks.ks egRokps vkgs- rlsp

ltho izk.;kph mRØkarh gksr 'ksoVh ekuo r;kj >kysyk ukgh- uj o ukjh ghnsokus Lor%P;k izfresr fuekZ.k dsys vkgsr- nsokph ekuo fuekZ.k dj.;kph d`rhgh vykSfdd v'kh vkgs- rqEgh useds dks.k o dls vkgkr ;kps laqnj Li"Vhdj.krqEgkyk ;kp iqLrdkr iq<s okpko;kl feGsy-

47

nsokph izhrh fdrh ve;kZn vkgs gs rqEgkyk letkos ;klkBhnso ifo= 'kkL=krwu rh çxV djrks- nso tks cki] nso tks iq= onso tks ifo= vkRek ;kph vksG[k vkiY;kyk ifo= 'kkL=kr d:ufnyh vkgs- rjhgh rks ,d vkf.k ,dp nso vkgs- ekuoh eukykgs laiw.kZ lR; let.ks vo?kM vkgs- lR; o ftoar nso dlk vkgsgs euq";kP;k eukyk letkos Eg.kwu R;kus iq<kdkj ?ksÅu euq";kykLor% çxV dsys-

nsokP;k xkSjokps o ifo«;kps laiw.kZ çxVhdj.k eks'ksyk >kysukgh- ijarq ,yksghe] nso tks iq= ;kP;k}kjs euq";kyk letsy oisyosy vls nsokps çxVhdj.k dj.;kr vkys-

uO;k djkjkr vki.k okprks]^^va/kkjkrwu mtsM çdkf'kr gksbZy vls tks nso cksyyk rks;s'kw f[kzLrkP;k eq[kkojhy nsokP;k xkSjokP;k Kkukpk izdk'kikM.;klkBh vkeP;k var%dj.kkr çdk'kyk vkgs** ¼2dfjaFk 4%6½-fopkj djk dh tsOgk ;ksgkukus ;s'kwP;k eq[kkojhy rst ikfgys

rsOgk rks Eg.kkyk] ^^vkEgh R;kps XkkSjo ikfgys rs xkSjo fiR;kiklwuvkysY;k ,dqyR;k ,dkps vlkos vls gksrs** ¼;ksgku 1%14½

uarj ;ksgkukus nsok'kh çR;{k rksaMksrksaM HksV >kY;kuarj],yksgheyk çR;{k HksVY;kuarj] ;s'kwP;k [kkrj R;kus loZ dkghlkafxrys vkgs- R;kph vuardkfyd nsok'kh HksV >kY;kps rks lkaxrks& fuekZ.kdrkZ nso] eks'kspk nso R;kyk HksVyk-

gs vkÜp;Ztud vlys rjh ;ksgkukph fuekZ.kdR;kZ ijesÜojk'khHksV gh vR;ar okLro ,sdw ;s.kkjh] fnlw 'kd.kkjh vkf.k letw'kd.kkjh v'kh gksrh-

nso dlk vkgs\


^ts çkjaHkkiklwu gksrs] ts vkEgh ,sdys vkgs] ts vkEghvkiY;k MksGîkauh ikfgys vkgs ts vkEgh U;kgkGys oLogLrs pkpfiys R;k thoukP;k 'kCnkfo"k;h vkEgh lkaxrks*¼1 ;ksgku 1%1½-vki.k ;ksgkukP;k i=kr ts dkgh okprks rs fufÜpri.ks

folaxr fdaok lafnX/k vls ukgh- R;kus ts fyfgys rs ftoar nsokP;kHksVheqGs fyfgys-

^^ijarq vkt eyk R;kpk dk; mi;ksx gksrks\** vlk rqEgkykç'u iMyk vlsy- ;ksgkukusgh R;kps Rofjr mÙkj fnys vkgs &^^rqepk vkepk vkuan iw.kZ Ogkok Eg.kwu vkEgh gs fyfgrks** ¼1;ksgku 1%4½ vkf.k rqEgh gs iqLrd okpr vkgkr rsOgk rqeP;k ;kfe=kyk ns[khy] nsokph HksV >kY;keqGs rqepk vkuan ifjiw.kZ Ogkokvls okVrs- ;ksgku Li"V djrks%

^^ts vkEgh ikfgys o ,sdys vkgs rs rqEgklgh ;klkBhdGforks dh rqEghgh vkeP;k'kh lgHkkxh Ogkos] vkiyhlgHkkfxrk rj fiR;kcjkscj o R;kpk iq= ;s'kw f[kzLrákP;kcjkscj vkgs- rqepk vkepk vkuan iw.kZ OgkokEg.kwu vkEgh gs fyfgrks** ¼1 ;ksgku 1%3]4½-

gks;] dkGks[;k jk=h çdk'k tlk lqanj fnlrks] rls nsokP;kxkSjokpk çdk'k yksdkauk R;kP;kdMs vkdf"kZr djrks- nso dlk vkgsgs let.;kph rqeph bPNk vlsy rj eks'ksçek.ksp rqEghgh çkFkZukdjk- ^^gs nsok rq>s xkSjo eyk çxV gksÅ ns-**

49

fopkj djk

1- nsokpk 'kks/k Ogkok Eg.kwu rqEgh ifo= 'kkL=fopkjiwoZd okpys dk;\

2- ifo= 'kkL= okpr vlrkauk nsokph vksG[k OgkohEg.kwu rqEgh nsokyk fouarh djrk dk;\

;klkBh ,d çkFkZuk lqpforks & ^^gs nsok] rwlaiw.kZ l`"Vhpk fuekZ.kdrkZ vkgsl o rw ekÖ;kojizhrh djrksl Eg.kwu rw eyk çxV gks vkf.k rq>kfç; iq= ;s'kw f[kzLr gk elhgk vkgs gs eyk nk[kowuns-**

3- tj nsokph [kjsi.kkus mikluk djkoh gs rqEgkykletys vlsy rj rks nso & rqeP;k 'kks/kkP;kdYi.ksgwu Qkj Fkksj vkgs- rqeP;k vkdyu 'kDrhgwurks Qkj Fkksj vkgs- ekuoh dYiusis{kk rks vrhFkksj vkgs-

nso dlk vkgs\

ekuoh LoHkkokph eyk FkksMhQkj tk.k vkgs vls eykokVrs- bfrgklkrhy loZ Fkksjiq#"k gs 'ksoVh euq";p

gksrs] eh gh euq";p vkgs-i.k R;kiSdh ,d lq)k ;s'kw f[kzLrklkj[kk eqGhp ukgh-

rks rj euq";kis{kk vfrJs"B vlk gksrk-

usiksfy;u-

yksdkaps foHkktu usedsd'kkeqGs gksrs\

vktps tx Eg.kts ,d [ksMsxko vkgs vls EgVys tkrs-ijarq ;k xkoke/;s vusd fQrwj 'kstkjh jkgr vlY;keqGs gs xkoeuq";kauk jkg.;klkBh Hk;kud >kys vkgs-

Ekuq";kae/;s ;k /kj.khoj vls foHkktu gks.;kph vusd dkj.ksvkgsr- jktdh;] vkfFkZd] O;olkf;d vkf.k LFkkfud] ?kjxqfrleL;k v'kh çeq[k dkj.ks vkgsr- v'kk dkj.kkaeqGs yksdkae/;sfoHkktukph fØ;k tksjnkji.ks gksr vkgs- rjhi.k ;kghis{kk ,degRokps dkj.k vkgs-

çFke vki.k ;k foHkktukekxhy dkgh lkekU; dkj.k ikgw vkf.kuarj useds egRokps dkj.k dks.krs vkgs ;kpk fopkj d: ;k-

lkekU;i.ks gks.kkjs foHkktulkekU;i.ks gks.kkjs foHkktulkekU;i.ks gks.kkjs foHkktulkekU;i.ks gks.kkjs foHkktulkekU;i.ks gks.kkjs foHkktujktdh; dkj.k %jktdh; dkj.k %jktdh; dkj.k %jktdh; dkj.k %jktdh; dkj.k % l/;k loZ jktdkj.kh yksd ,desdkaojvfoÜokl nk[korkr- R;kaP;k eukr ,desdkafo"k;h Hk; vkgs- tsOgk,desdkaps ç'u pkaxY;k le>ksR;kus lqVr ukghr rsOgk y"djhlkeF;kZusp rs lqVrhy o lqj{kk ykHksy vls R;kauk okVrs-


51


njE;ku] yksd vkf.od'kkL=ca/kh fo#) ?kks"k.kk nsrkr-'kkarrslkBh vkxzg /kjrkr- ijarq 'kkarh çfØ;spk vkxzg /kj.kkjspR;kaP;k vkMeqBîk ekxkZeqGs ;q) ifjfLFkrh fuekZ.k djr vlrkr-gs vki.k nwjn'kZoj ikgkrp vlrks- gh fdrh fojks/kkHkkl fuekZ.kdj.kkjh fun'kZus vkgsr gs vki.k ikgrksp-

vkfFkZd dkj.ks %vkfFkZd dkj.ks %vkfFkZd dkj.ks %vkfFkZd dkj.ks %vkfFkZd dkj.ks % uSlfxZd vkiÙkhapk ok<rk Øe vkgs-nq"dkG] ikolkpk vHkko] Hkwfedai] dqiks"k.k ;kaps çek.k fnolsafnolok<r vkgs- frlÚ;k txkr ¼vçxr jk"Vªkr½ rj ;kpk nq"çHkkook<R;k çek.kkr fnlwu ;srks- l/ku jk"Vª o xjhc jk"Vªs ;ke/khyvkfFkZd njh n;uh; vkgs- vusd yksd LokFkZR;kx d:u ns.kX;knsrkr rjhgh nqnSZokus vki.k ikgkrks dh Jhear yksd vf/kd Jheargksrkr rj nfjæh yksd vf/kd nfjæh gksrkr-

?kjxqrh dkj.k %?kjxqrh dkj.k %?kjxqrh dkj.k %?kjxqrh dkj.k %?kjxqrh dkj.k % vkt fookg eksMr vkgsr] thou o dqVqacsm/oLr gksr vkgsr gs m?kM fnlr vkgs- ,[kk|k tho?ks.;klkFkhçek.ks gh leL;k osxkus QSykor vkgs- ysVlksy eyk Eg.kkys]^^ek>s ?kj eksMys** eyk okVys dh R;kP;k vkfÝdu ?kjkP;k pkjfHkarh dkslGY;k vlkO;kr- iajrq R;kP;k Eg.k.;kpk vFkZ vlkgksrk dh R;kP;k iRuhus R;kyk lksMwu fnys gksrs- vkt v'khpvusd ?kjs eksMr* vkgsr- LokFkhZi.kkP;k vkxhr ukrslaca/kkphjk[k gksr vkgs ¼rjh i.k nsokP;k çhrheqGs dqVqackauk o irh&iRuhaukdls ,d gksÅu usgehdfjrk fVdwu jkgrk ;sbZy ;kfo"k;h vki.kiq<hy çdj.kkr ikg.kkj vkgksr½-

O;olkf;d dkj.k %O;olkf;d dkj.k %O;olkf;d dkj.k %O;olkf;d dkj.k %O;olkf;d dkj.k % osxosxGîk dkj[kkU;kr dkexkjkaoj

53

dkekpk vrh rk.k iMr vkgs- R;krwu euq";s vlek/kkuh curvkgsr- 1985 lkyh fczVsue/;s dkj[kkU;krhy okn fp?kGwuf'kxsl iksgpys gksrs- mxz fun'kZus laiyh] laigh laiys] rjhghyksdkaP;k eukr cnY;kph vkx gksrh- ekyd&uksdj ukrs lqMkusHkjys- lxGh dkj[kkunkjh Hkz"V >kyh- 1904 e/;s dksGlk [kk.kdkexkjkauh dsysyh fun'kZus o vkt gksr vlysyh fun'kZus ;krfdrh Qjd vkgs gs tkWu isjhus eyk lkafxrys-

tkWu isjh tsOgk izFke eyk HksVyk rsOgk R;kps o; 91 o"kkZapsgksrs- rks ,d fuo`Rr dksGlk&[kk.k&dkexkj gksrk- vkrk rks vxnhviaxkoLFksr] vka/kGk >kysyk gksrk- R;kyk Qq¶Qqlkpk nq/kZj jksxghtMyk gksrk- tsOgk 'kD; gksbZ rsOgk eh vkf.k ek>h iRuh R;kykR;kP;k >ksiMhr HksVk;yk tkr vlw- 1904&05 e/;s vkysY;klathoukuarj nsokP;k ;kstusuqlkj rks dlk nsokdMs vkyk gs rksvkEgkyk vxnh tks'kiw.kZ vkos'kkus lakxr vls- R;kosGh rs [kk.kdkexkjo R;kaps [kk.kekyd ;kaph ftoar nsokcjkscj HksV >kyh- R;kaP;ke/;svrwV ,dh] ,desdkaoj fo'okl o vknj fuekZ.k >kyk gksrk- ikgk1905 o 1985 e/khy ekyd uksdj laca/kkr fdrh Qjd iMykvkgs!

R;k fnolkaP;k vkBo.khus tkWu iqjrk Hkkjyk gksrk- e|kykekx.kh ulY;keqGs fdrh rjh xqts can iMys ;kph R;kyk vkBo.k>kyh- dksG'kkP;k [kk.khr lgdkÚ;kcjkscj [kkyh [kksyoj tkrkuk rsnsokps xq.kxk.k xhrk}kjs dls vkuankus djhr gksrs ákphgh R;kykvkBo.k >kyh- ^^yksd vktgh ;sÅu eyk fopkjrkr dh rslathou vkrk dqBs xsys\** tkWu Eg.kkyk- frrD;kp vkosxkus

yksdkaps foHkktu useds d'kkeqGs gksrs\


Nkrhoj mtO;k gkrkph ewB vkiVhr rks iq<s Eg.kkyk] ^rs lathoubFks Hkjysys vkgs!**

[kjs foHkktu[kjs foHkktu[kjs foHkktu[kjs foHkktu[kjs foHkktufoHkktukph ojhy dkj.ks [kksy :tysyh vlyh rjh euq";kps

dk;eLo:ih vkf.k Hk;kog vls foHkktu gks.;kps osxGsp dkj.kvkgs- vusd ns'kkph 'kkarh <Gfo.;kps Hk; l/;k txkyk lrkorvkgs- nsokcÌy vKku vlY;keqGs yksd laHkzehr >kys vkgsr-

nsokus euq";kyk Lor%ps izxVhdj.k dsys rsOgk nsokus R;kP;kikfo«;kcÌy d/khp rMtksM dsyh ukgh- ;s'kwP;k tUekiwohZ nsokustkghj dsys gksrs dh rks Lor% dlk vkgs gs euq";kl letkosEg.kwu tks txkpk izdk'k /kkM.kkj vkgsrks Eg.krks] ^^va/kdkjkrpky.kkÚ;k yksdkauh eksBk izdk'k ikfgyk vkgs** ¼;'k;k 9%2½ R;kpkizdk'k vksG[k.;klkBh nsokus dkgh [kq.kkgh nsÅu BsoY;k- ^^dkj.kvkEgklkBh ckG tUeyk vkgs] vkEgkl iq= fnyk vkgs---**¼;'k;k 9%6½-

nso tj QDr Eg.kkyk vlrk dh ckG tUe.kkj vkgs rjR;kr Qkj eksBs dkgh ulrs- dkj.k ckyds rj usgehp tUerkr-^ckG tUe.kkj vkgs* ,o<sp EgVys vlrs rj rs okD; dehegRokps jkfgys vlrs- ijarq R;k okD;kpk laca/k vkEgkl iq= fnykvkgs ák vfHkopuk'kh vlY;keqGs rs Qkj Qkj egRokps vkgs- tsHkkdhr vusd o"kkZaiwohZ dsys rs iw.kZ gksÅu R;kpk bfrgkl >kyk-dkj.k nso ts cksyyk rlsp ?kMys- txkr rks ckyd tUeyk]LoxkZrwu iq= vkEgkl ns.;kr vkyk] va/kkjkr pkpiM.kkÚ;k yksdkaukiq=kP;k }kjs nsokus izdk'k fnyk- vktgh rks rstLoh izdk'k va/

55

kdkjkyk nwj lkjr vkgs- vU;Fkk vfo'oklkP;k va/kdkjkeqGs nsovkeP;k n`"VhvkM >kyk vlrk-

nsokP;k vuU;lk/kkj.k iq=kpk tUe] R;kyk brjkaiklwu osxGsjk[k.;klkBh nsokus vf/kd`r v'kk peRdkjkph [kw.k fnyh- ^;kLroizHkq Lor% rqEgkl fpUg nsr vkgs- ikgk] dqekjh xHkZorh gksÅu iq=izlosy o R;kps uko ^bEekuq,y* ¼vkeP;k lfUu/; nso½ vlsBsohy** ¼;'k;k 7%14½-

^bEekuq,y* Eg.kts vkeP;k lfUu/; nso* gs fdrh vk'p;Zdkjdvkgs! R;kP;k ukokrwu ts izxV gksrs R;ko:u ifo= 'kkókr ts'kqHkorZeku fnys vkgs rs brj /kekZais{kk fdrh osxGs vkgs gsvkiY;kyk letrs- [kksVs /keZ euq";kus nsokizr dls iksgapkos gslkaxrkr- ijarq ifo= 'kkó Eg.kts nsokps opu lkaxrs dh [kqÌ nsoeuq";kizr vkyk-

ifo= 'kkókr lkafxrys vkgs dh nso i`Foh uked xzgkojvkyk o ,d dqekjh xHkZorh >kyh- R;k fno'kh fo'okpk fuekZ.kdrkZLFkydkykpk va'k cuyk o ,d bfrgkl ?kMyk % rks R;k xks"VhP;kfopkjkr vkgs] rks ikgk] izHkqP;k nqrkus R;kyk LoIukr n'kZu nsÅuEgVys] ^^;kslsQk] nkohnkP;k iq=k rw ejh;spk vkiyh iRuh Eg.kwuLohdkj dj.;kl vueku d: udksl] dkj.k frP;k Bk;h tks xHkZvkgs rks ifo= vkRE;kiklwu vkgs** ¼eRr; 1%20½- uarj ;s'kwpktUe >kyk o rks eksBk >kyk- R;kps nsoRo fl) dj.;klkBh R;kus'kkóh i#';ka'kh okngh dsyk- rks cksyyk] ^^eh vkf.k firk ,dvkgksr** ¼;ksgku 10%30½-

viksyks&XV ;k ;kukpk varjkGohj the vk;foZu Eg.kkyk]



^^euq";kus panzkoj pky.;kis{kk nso i`Fohoj pkyrks gs vf/kdegRokps vkgs-** [kjsp ekuokus varjh{ksr ?ksrysY;k Hkjkjhais{kkvuardkyP;k nsokus dkgh dkG iFohoj jkg.ks Eg.kts eksBs vk'p;Zpvkgs-

^rqEgklkBh ckG tUeyk o iq= fnyk vkgs* ;k Hkfo";ok.khuarjR;k O;Drhps o.kZu fnys vkgs- R;kP;k [kka|koj lRrk jkghy] R;kykvn~Hkqr] ea=h] leFkZ nso] lukru firk] 'kkarhpk vf/kirh Eg.krhy-R;kP;k lRrko`)hyk o 'kkarhyk var ul.kkj* ¼;'k;k 9%67½-T;kyk txkoj jkT; djko;kps vkgs R;k jktkyk v'kkizdkjps xq.kvl.ks vko';dp vkgs- vktP;k txke/;s ns[khy- vki.k v'kkjktkph vis{kk djhr vkgksr dh tks dsoG Kkuhp uOgs rjlkeF;Z;qDrgh gok] T;keqGs izR;sd xks"V R;kyk O;ofLFkr ikj ikMrk;sbZy- dkgh jkts Kkuh gksrs o dks.kR;k osGh dk; djkos gs R;kaukekghr gksrs- ijarq bfrgklke/;s vlk ,dgh jktk gksÅu xsyk ukghdh tks txkyk iw.kZ 'kkarh nsÅ 'kdyk-

rks 'kkarhpk jktkp] Kkukus o lkeF;kZus ifjiw.kZ vkgs o rksptxkyk [kjh o iw.kZ 'kkarh nsÅ 'kdrks- ,d fnol ;s'kw ;k i`FohojjkT; dj.;klkBh ;s.kkj vkgsrks tsOgk ;sbZy rsOgk 'kókós fuekZ.kdj.kkjk i`Fohojhy izR;sd dkj[kkuk can iMsy- v.okókapk iw.kZuk'k gksbZy- ljgÌhoj j{k.k dj.kkjk izR;sd lSfud vkiY;k ?kjhdk;epkp fu?kwu tkbZy-

ekuo tkrhoj jkT; dj.;kl euq"; fdrh vleFkZ vkgs gsR;kusp okjaokj nk[kowu fnys vkgs- vf[ky i`Fohoj jkT; dj.kkjk]'kkarhpk vf/kirh vkiyk jktnaM mapkosy vkf.k exp 'kkarh o U;k;

57

izLFkkihr gksbZy- ^^rsOgk rs vkiY;k rjokjh eksMwu R;kaps QkGdfjrhy] vkiY;k HkkY;kP;k dks;R;k dfjrhy] ;kiq<s ,d jk"VªnqlÚ;k jk"Vªkoj rjokj mpy.kkj ukgh rs br%ij ;q)dyk f'kd.kkjukghr* ¼;'k;k 2%4½- R;k 'kkarrke; fno'kh ty leqækyk O;kiwuVkfdrs r'kh i`Foh ijesÜojkP;k çrkikP;k Kkukus Hkjsy* ¼gcDdwd2%14½- vukfn vuar ijesÜojkyk nqlÚ;k d'kkusgh lek/kkugks.kkj ukgh-

;s'kw f[kzLrkP;k ekxZn'kZukuqlkj ;s.kkÚ;k R;k vlhe 'kkarhP;kfnolkiwohZ ekuoke/;s iwohZ d/kh >kys ukgh ,o<s foHkktu gksbZy-QwV iMsy- gs lokZauk Li"V fnlsy- ;s'kw f[kzLr gk R;k loZ xksa/kGkpkdsaæ vlsy-

Eg.kwup ;s'kw dks.k vkgs gs rqEgkyk uhV let.ksvko';d vkgsrks d'kklkBh vkyk o R;kus ;sFksvlrkuk rqeP;klkBh dk; dsys gs rqEgkyk letyspikfgts-

mRifÙkps iqLrd o ;ksgkukps 'kqHkorZeku gs ,dkp lekuokD;kus lq: gksrs- mRiÙkhP;k iqLrdkr vki.k okprks- ^^çkjaHkhnsokus vkdk'k o i`Foh gh fuekZ.k dsyh** ¼mRifÙk 1%1½- rlsp;ksgkukP;k 'kqHkorZekukr vki.k okprks] ^^çkjaHkh 'kCn gksrk] 'kCnnsoklg gksrk vkf.k 'kCn nso gksrk** ¼;ksgku 1%1½- mRiÙkhe/;snsokyk & ,yksghe* EgVys rj ;ksgku R;kyk ^'kCn* vls Eg.krks-,yksghe Eg.kts 'kCn- R;kus Lor%l euq"; :i /kkj.k dsys vkf.krks R;kP;k fufeZrhe/;s] euq";ake/;s jkgko;kl vkyk- 'kCn nsgh>kyk o R;kus vkEgke/;ss oLrh dsyh- gs Hk;kog LrafHkr dj.kkjsokD; R;kP;k lanHkkZlg vls vkgs&



^^çkjaHkh 'kCn gksrk] 'kCn nsoklg gksrk vkf.k 'kCn nsogksrk- rksp çkjaHkh nsoklg gksrk- R;kP;k }kjs loZ >kysvkf.k ts dkgh >kys rs R;kP;kokpwu >kys ukgh- R;kP;kBk;h thou gkssrs o rs thou euq";kek=kpk çdk'kgksrs---- rks txkr gksrk o tx R;kP;k}kjs >kys rjhtxkus R;kyk vksGf[kys ukgh- ts R;kps Lor%ps R;kdMsrks vkyk rjh R;kP;k Lodh;kauh R;kpk Lohdkj dsykukgh- ijarq ftrD;kauh R;kpk Lohdkj dsyk frrD;kalEg.kts R;kP;k ukaokoj foÜokl Bso.kkÚ;kauk R;kus nsokpheqys gks.;kpk vf/kdkj fnyk----'kCn nsgh >kykvkf.k R;kus vkEgke/;s oLrh dsyh] vkf.k vkEghR;kps xkSjo ikfgys- rs fiR;kiklwu vkysY;k ,dqyR;k,dkps xkSjo vlkos vls vuqxzg o lR; ákauh ifjiw.kZgksrs** ¼;ksgku 1%1&3]10&12]14½-vusd 'krdkaiwohZ eks'ksyk o vktdkyP;k loZ yksdkauk nsokpk

'kks/k gok gksrk rlkp rks fQfyIikykgh gok gksrk-fQfyIi ;s'kwyk fouarh d:u &^çHkqth vkEgkyk firk nk[kok*

¼;ksgku 14%8½ vkf.k ;s'kwus R;kyk mÙkj fnys] ^T;kus eyk ikfgysvkgs R;kus fiR;kyk ikfgys vkgs** ¼;ksgku 14%9½- ;s'kw Lor% tjnso ulrkp rj R;kps mÙkj fdrh gkL;kLin o ew[kkZlkj[ks Bjysvlrs- ijarq R;kP;koj vlk nks"kkjksi dks.khgh d: 'kdr ukgh-tj ;s'kw nso ulrk rj rks txkrhy ,d uacjpk Bx Bjyk vlrk-Eg.kwup vki.k ,d y{kkr Bsoys ikfgts dh tsOgk vki.k ;s'kwykikgkrks rsOgk nsokykp ikgkrks-

59

;s'kw dks.k vkgs gs tkghj >kY;k {k.kh yksdkae/;s QkVkQwVOgko;kl lq#okr gksrs- tsOgk ;s'kw Eg.kkyk dh ^eh o firk ,dvkgks* ¼;ksgku 10%30½ gs ,sdwu ;s'kwe/;s nsokpk 'kks/k ykxyk v'khvusdkaph [kk=h iVyh ;kr uoy ukgh- ijarq nso Lor%yk brdk uezd: 'kdrks ;koj foÜokl u BsoY;keqGs vusd t.k HkjdVys-dkght.k ;s'kwdMs vkdf"kZys xsys rj dkgh tu nwj xsys- dkghR;kP;kekxs xsys rj dkghauh R;kyk ekj.;kpk dV jpyk-

;s'kw ftoar vlrkuk ns[khy yksdkae/;s QwV iMyh gksrh- rksEg.krks] ^^tks eyk vuqdwy ukgh] rks eyk çfrdwy vkgs** ¼eÙk;12%30½-

rjh çkFkfed çfrfØ;k gh dkgh dk;Lo#ikphulrs-

tks ek.kwl iwohZ ;s'kwpk 'k=w gksrk rksp iq<s R;kpk f'k"; cuyk-R;k ek.klkpk vki.k fopkj d: ;k- lq#okrhyk 'kkSy ,d ;gwnh/keZxq: gksrk- rks ;s'kwP;k vuq;k;kapk vfr'k; }s"k djhr gksrk-R;kauk ftos ekj.;kph ijokuxh R;kyk feGkyh gksrh ijarq 'kkSykpsifjorZu >kY;kuarj R;kus ;s'kwyk Lor%pk çHkqq o Lokeh vls ekuyso vk;q";Hkj R;kus ;s'kwykp Lohdkjys- ;s'kw f[kzLrk'kh vxnh ,dfu"Bjkgwu R;kus ftokoj csr.kkjh vusd ladVs vkuankus lgu dsyh-gk Qjd dlk ?kMyk\

'kkSy fneh"dkP;k jLR;ko:u pkyyk gksrk- rsOgk R;kyk ,d^rstLoh çdk'k* fnlyk- R;k rstkus rks dkgh dkG va/kGk >kyk-'kkSykP;k eukph [kk=h >kyh dh rks loZleFkZ nsokP;k lkfu/;krvkgs-



^;kOgs* gk xzhd 'kCn oki:u rks Eg.kkyk] ^çHkks] rw dks.kvkgsl\* R;kus EgVys] ^T;k ;s'kwpk rw NG dfjrksl rksp eh vkgs**¼çs-—- 9%5½- rsOgkp 'kkSykyk letys dh ;s'kw Eg.kts nso vkgs-

;k çxVhdj.kkeqGs ;s'kwpk 'k=w 'kkÅy ákpk ikyV >kyk o rksçsf"kr ikSy >kyk- R;k fnolkiklwu R;kus vkiys laiw.kZ thou ;s'kwf[kzLrkyk lefiZr dsys- R;k foÜoklkik;h R;kyk vusd ladVs lgudjkoh ykxyh rjh R;kus nso ;s'kwP;k #ikr ;k i`Fohoj vkyk ghlqokrkZ loZ= xktfoyh- ikSykP;k thoukr vlysyh f[kzLrkphtkToY; le{krk R;kyk txkP;k bfrgklkr] larJs"B cuowu xsyh-R;kus fyfgysY;k i=kae/kwu R;kus] tx o R;krhy loZ dkgh f[kzLrkpsvkgs gk lans'k [kk=hiwoZd fnyk vkgs ¼dyLlS- 1%16½-

ifo= 'kkL= Li"V djrs dh uklksjh ;s'kw gk nso tks iq=vkgs- ^;gksok foVusl* fdaok ^ekWeZu~l* Eg.krkr dh rks dsoG^nsokpk iq=* vkgsgs R;kaps er pqdhps vkgs- bLyke Eg.krkr dhrks dsoG nsokpk çsf"kr vkgsgs er ns[khy iw.kZr% pqdhps vkgs-v'kk yksdkaph [kksVh f'kdo.k Lohdk:u vusdt.k nsokus Lor%yktxklkBh fnys gs lR; ukdkjrkr- ;kyk baxzthe/;s ^flu~ØsfV>e*Eg.krkr- R;kpk vFkZ fofHkUu fo'oklkauk ,df=r dj.;kpk iz;Ru*

fganw yksd] R;kaP;k brj nso&nsorkalkscr R;kaP;k nso?kjkr fdaoklaxzgkr ;s'kwyk Bsorkr- vkiY;kyk ekghr vkgs dh ,yh;kP;knsokus Eg.kts [kÚ;k o ftoar nsokus ckykP;k vusd ewrhZ u"Vçk;dsY;k- rlsp çHkq ;s'kw f[kzLrkiq<s ekuo fuehZr nso o ewfrZ li'ksyu"V gksrhy dkj.k ;s'kw gk nso tks iq= vlk vkgs- vukfn&vuarfirk o ifo= vkRek ;klg rks vkgs-

61

;s'kw gk nso vkgs gs letY;koj rks dqekjhP;k mnjh tUeyk]R;kus vusd peRdkj dsys] rks ej.k ikoyk o iqu#RFkhr >kyk] R;kpsLoxkZjksg.k >kys vkf.k rks xkSjokus iFohoj iqUgk ;s.kkj ;koj vki.klgt foÜokl Bsow 'kdrks- dkj.k ;s'kw gk nso vkgs- vf[ky foÜoR;kusp fuekZ.k dsys vkgs- foÜokps lxGs fu;e R;kusp r;kj dsysr-ekuokojhy çhrhLro eqDrhlkBh R;k fu;ekapk rks mi;ksx djrks-

uklksjh ;s'kwP;k ukokHkksorh tx foHkkxys vkgs- ts foHkkxysysxV vkgsr ^R;kaP;ke/;s* dk; vlkos ok dk; ulkos* fdaok rsjktdkj.kkr cyoku vkgsr dh nqcZy vkgsr fdaok R;kaP;k ns'kkrhyerç.kkyh d'kh vkgs ákpk fo'ks"k laca/k ukgh- nso tsOgk ;ki`Fohoj euq"; #ikr vkyk rsOgkp ts foHkktu o th QwVekuokae/;s iMyh rh vfr'k; ewyHkwr dkj.k ekuokP;k foHkktuklkBhBjyh vkgs-

;klaca/kh ;s'kw f[kzLr Lor%p Eg.krks %^^nso tj rqepk firk vlrk rj rqEgh ekÖ;koj izhrhdsyh vlrh] dkj.k eh nsokiklwu fu?kkyks o vkyks vkgs-eh vki.k gksÅu vkyks ukgh rj R;kusp eyk ikBfoys-rqEgh ek>s cksy.ks dk letwu ?ksr ukgh\ ;kps dkj.k vlsdh rqeP;kus ek>s opu ,sdor ukgh- rqEgh vkiyk ckilSrku ;kiklwu >kyk vkgk vkf.k rqeP;k ckikP;koklukaçek.ks djko;kl bfPNrk- rks çkjaHkkiklwu euq";?kkrd gksrk vkf.k rks lR;kr fVdyk ukgh dkj.kR;kP;ke/;s lR; ukgh- rks [kksVs cksyrks rsOgk rks Lor%pscksyrks dkj.k rks yckM o yckMhpk cki vkgs** ¼;ksgku8%42&44½-



tlk foÜokl.kkÚ;kapk firk nso vkgs rlk vfoÜokl.kkÚ;kapkcki lSrku vkgs gs okpwu rqEgkyk dkgh vk'p;Z okVys dk\ ikgk]çR;sdt.k gk nsokps ysd: ukgh- nsokP;k dqVqackpk ?kVd vl.ksfdaok lSrkukP;k dqVqackpk ?kVd vl.ks ;kiSdh ,dkph fuoM dj.ksrqEgkyk vkf.k eyk ØeçkIr vkgs-

nsokoj rqepk fdrhgh ^[kjk* foÜokl vlyk rjh rqEghdnkfpr [kjsp pqdr vlky- euq";kpk foÜokl d'kkoj vkgs gsegRokps ukgh vls Eg.k.ks yckMhps vkgs- fo"k gs vkS"k/k letwufdrhgh HkfDrHkkokus çk'ku dsys rj ifj.kke e`R;qp vkgs!

[kjs rj ekuokph nksu dqVqqackr foHkkx.kh >kyh vkgs- çR;sdO;Drh gh R;k nksu dqVqackaiSdh ,dkpk ?kVd vlrksp- rh nksu dqVqacsEg.kts ,d nsokps dqVqac o nqljs lSrkukps dqVqac- rqEgh dks.kR;kdqVqackps ?kVd vkgkr gs tk.k.ks Qkj egRokps vkgs- nsokP;k dqVqackps?kVd gks.;klkBh rqEgkyk loZçFke nso dks.k vkgs gs let.ksvxR;kps vkgs vkf.k nsokus R;kpk iq= vkEgkl nsÅu vkeP;klkBhdk; dsys gs çR;sdkus vksG[kysp ikfgts-

^;s'kw* ;k ukokpk vFkZ Eg.kts ;kOgs Eg.ktsp ^rkj.kkjk*-Eg.kwup nsonwr ;kslsQkyk Eg.kkyk & ^^---rw R;kps uko ;s'kw Bsodkj.k rksp vkiY;k yksdkal R;kaP;k ikikaiklwu rkjhy** ¼eÙk;1%21½-

63

fopkj djk

1- nsokoj foÜokl Bso.ks Eg.kts dk; ;kpk rqEghxaHkhji.ks fopkj djrk dk\

2- yksdkae/;s foHkktu gks.;kps useds dkj.k dks.krs\rs jktdh;] dkSVwafcd] vkfFkZd fdaok O;oLkkf;dvkgs dk\ fdaok rs vkfRed o fpjdky vlsvkgs dk\

3- çHkq ;s'kwus lkafxrysY;k R;k nksu dqVwackaiSdhdks.kR;k dqVqackps rqEgh ?kVd vlkos vls rqEgklokVrs\


uSfrd v/k%irukph tk.kho vl.ks gh brj dks.kR;kghxks"Vhagwu nsokP;k rkj.knk;h —isph [kk=h vlrs-

MkW- vuksZYM ¼gsMekLrj] jXch Ldwy½

[kjh leL;k dks.krh vkgs\

folkO;k 'krdkP;k lq#okrhyk yksd ;k txkP;k Hkfo";klaca/kh vxnh vk'kkoknh gksrs- R;kauk okVys dh vkrk 'kkarhps lqo.kZ;qxpvorj.kkj vkgs- vusdkauk vls okVys dh çR;sd jk"Vªkph HkjHkjkVgksbZy- th jk"Vªs vkrki;Zar fujk'kk] nkfjæî] jksxjkbZ vkf.k Hk;kud;kruke/kwu xqtjyh R;kauk pkaxys fnol ;srhy- ijarq 1914 e/;s ;qjksi [kaMkr j.knqanqHkh oktyh-

vkrk 21 os 'krd lq: >kys- vusd 'kkL=h; 'kks/k ykxys-yksdkauk vçfre lqfo/kk feGr vkgsr- rjhgh yksd mToy HkforO;kcÌylk'kad vkgsr- yk[kks&djksMks yksdkaP;k eukr v.kq'kL=kP;k vR;ar fo/olad rkdnhph Hkhfr vkgs- vkarj&jk"Vªh; vkradokn vkf.k çR;sdjk"VªkP;k varxZr leL;k ;keqGs fopkj dj.kkÚ;k çR;sd euq";kykvls okVrs dh ekuoh bfrgklkrhy vR;ar Hk;kog v'kk voLFksrvki.k lkiMyks vkgksr- vktP;k txkr yksd dls osxGs iMrvkgsr gs vki.k vk/kh cf?krys vkgs- ekuoh laL—rhoj lrr vk?kkrgksr vkgsr- d'kkeqGs vls gksr vkgs\

;k ç'ukps mÙkj 'kks/k.;klkBh txkrhy loZ ukeoar iq<kjhHksVrkr o cksy.kh djrkr- vusd eq|kaoj rs ppkZ djrkr-,desdkaps fopkj ,sdwu dkgh Bjko dsys tkrkr- R;keqGs tx


65


vk.k[khup vo?kM leL;sr xqjQVwu tkrs- vki.k fdrh iSlk orkdn ykoyh vkgs gkp fopkj dj.;k,soth vki.k dk; dsY;keqGstxkph fn'kk ;ksX;çdkjs cnyw 'kdsy ;kpk dks.kh fopkj djhr ukgh-jktdh; iq<kjh vkf.k /kqja/kj ç.kssrs] rYy[k cqf)ps 'kkL=K o gq'kkjyksd] prqj O;kikjh vkf.k txfrd c¡dk] vknj.kh; MkWDVlZ vkf.klekt'kkL=K gs loZp mÙke ers çxV djrkr- rjhgh ;k ç'ukpsmÙkj lkiMr ukgh-

ák loZ ukeoar yksdkae/kwu] dsOgkrjh vxnh Dofprp n`"Vhuseuq";kph [kjh leL;k dk; vkgs ;kpk mYys[k dsyk tkrks- vkiyh[kjh leL;k usedh dk; vkgs gs dsoG nsop vkiY;kyk nk[kowunsr vlrks- vkf.k ;kposGh nsokpk [kjsi.kkus 'kks/k dj.kkjs yksd odsoG /kkfeZdrslaca/kh ojoj mRlqdrk nk[kfo.kkjs yksd ;krhy HksnvkiY;k y{kkr ;srks-

nso cksyyk] ^^vkiY;k çfr#ikpk o vkiY;k'kh ln'k vlkekuo vki.k d:** ¼mRifÙk 1%26½- dnkfpr rqEgkyk ç'u iMsy &^^nsokln'k vlk euq"; dlk fuekZ.k >kyk vlsy\** vFkkZrp rks'kkjhfjdn"Vîk ln'k ukgh- dkj.k ;s'kw Eg.kkyk ^^nso vkRek vkgs**¼;ksgku 4%24½- vkiY;kçek.ks nsokyk gkrik;] MksGs ukghr- nso^vxE; çdk'kkr jkgrks] T;kyk dks.kk euq";kus ikfgys ukgh vkf.kdks.kkP;kus ikgor ukgh ¼1 rheF; 6%16½- vn'; vlk ekuo d/khp vfLrRokr uOgrk- Eg.kwu nsgkr jkg.kkÚ;k euq";ke/;s nsgkis{kkdkghrjh osxGs Js"B vkgs- tsOgk nsg uk'k ikorks rsOgk rsp lR;O;fDrRo lnk ftoar jkgrs vkf.k rs O;fDrRo nsoln'k vls vkgs-

ifo= 'kkL= n'kZfors dh nsokyk eu] Hkkouk vkf.k bPNk ghvkgsr- ;k rhu foHkkxkr euq"; nsoln`'k vlk fuekZ.k dj.;krvkyk- vFkkZr nso gk nso vkgs R;keqGs R;kP;k Hkkouk] cqf)eÙkk gh

67

ve;kZn v'kh vkgsr- R;kyk dlyh lhek ukgh- nsokps rs LoHkkooSf'k"Vî vkgs- ;kmyV ekuokyk vusd e;kZnk vkgsr- vR;arcqf)eku 'kkL=K vkbZuLVkbZu ;kph cqf)lq)k e;kZfnrp gksrh-dks.khgh euq"; loZK ukgh] dks.khgh ve;kZn izhrh d: 'kdr ukgh-rlsp ekuokph bPNk lkoZHkkSe ulrs- euq"; R;kP;k Hkfo";kpkLokeh ukgh- R;kP;k nSokpk rks dIrku ukgh-

euq";kyk vkfRed dqor ek= fnysyh vkgs- R;k dqorhP;ktksjkoj rks nsok'kh lgHkkfxrk lk/kw 'kdrks- Eg.kwu ifo= 'kkL=lkaxrs dh euq"; gk vkRek tho'kjhj ;kapk feGwu >kyk vkgs ¼1FksLly 5%23½-

vkRE;kP;k}kjs euq"; nsokP;k lkfu/;kr jkgw 'kdrks- 'kjhjk}kjseuq"; tM txk'kh laidkZr jkgw 'kdrks ¼thok}kjs rks fopkj] fuoMo izhrh d: 'kdrks½-

tj ifo= 'kkL=kr vki.k ckjdkbZus ikfgys rj vkRek gkvxzHkkxh vkgs] tho nqlÚ;k Øekadkoj rj 'kjhj frlÚ;k Øekadkoj-fdrh cjkscj vkgs lkjs!

i.k dkgh rjh dqBs rjh fc?kMys vkgs ifj.kkeh euq";kus gkØe cnywup Vkdyk vkgs- 'kjhj vxzØekadkoj >kys] tho nqlÚ;kØekadkoj vkf.k vkRek vkgs frlÚ;k Øekadkoj! nqnSZokus euq";'kkjhfjd] tfxd vkf.k oklfud xks"VhaeqGs vktP;k txkr nMiwutkr vkgs- R;kps fu.kZ;] ftOgkGk vkf.k fopkj{kerk vkt nMiyhxsyh vkgsr vkf.k vkfRedn`"Vîk euq"; {kh.k o e`r >kyk vkgs-Eg.kwu T;k nsokus R;kP;k ln`'k vlk euq"; fuekZ.k dsyk] rh nsokphçfrek tru dj.;k,soth euq"; nsokyk nq ;e LFkku nsr vkgs]R;kyk >qxk:u nsr vkgs vkf.k vkrk rj v'kk fn'kkHkwy >kysY;kyksdkapk nsok'kh dkghp laca/k jkfgyk ukgh-



T;k yksdkapk nsok'kh laca/k ukgh rs vkfRedn`"Vîk e`r >kysvkgsr- myV T;kapk nsok'kh ftOgkGîkpk laca/k vkgs rsp [kÚ;kvFkkZus ftoar vkgsr-

^^rjh nso n;klaiUu vkgs Eg.kwu vki.k vkiY;kvijk/kkaeqGs e`r >kysys vlrkagh R;kus vkiY;kojhyLor%P;k vijaikj çsekeqGs f[kzLrkcjkscj vki.kkykftoar dsys** ¼bfQl 2%4]5½-euq";kP;k egRokdka{kseqGsp ;k txke/;s vusd leL;k fuekZ.k

>kY;k] nsokus euq";kyk ckgqys fdaok dBiqryh Eg.kwu fuekZ.k dsysukgh- nqlÚ;kP;k ethZçek.ks euq";kus okxkos vls nsokyk okVysukgh- nksÚ;k vks<Y;k dh R;k dBiqryhph fdaok ckgqyhph gkypkyR;k dykdkjkP;k ethZçek.ks gksr vlrs- ijarq nsokus vkiY;kykfopkj Lokra«; fnys vkgs- fuoM dj.;kps Lokra«; fnys vkgs- ;kLokra«;kcjkscjp vkiY;koj uSfrd tckcnkjhgh vkgs- vki.k?ksrysys fu.kZ; uSfrd ikrGhoj ;ksX; gosr- ¼vusd ekul'kkL=Kgs ca/ku ekur ulrkr o ifo= 'kkL=krhy lR; rs >qxkjrkr-½

euq";kyk fuekZ.k dsY;kuarj ifgyh 'kksdkafrdk ?kMyh- ,nsuckxse/;s nksu fof'k"V çdkjph >kMs gksrh- ,d gksrs thoukps >kM onqljs gksrs cjs o okbZV ;kaps Kku d:u ns.kkjs >kM ¼mRiRrh 2%9½-nsokus vknke o gosyk vkKk fnyh gksrh dh R;kauh R;k cjs o okbZV;kaps Kku d:u ns.kkÚ;k >kMkps QG [kkÅ u;s- brj >kMkojhy QGs[kk.;kph eqHkk nsokus R;kauk fnyh gksrh- nsokus R;kauk gs fuoM dj.;kpsLokra«; fnys gksrs- nsokus euq";yk & uj o ukjh ;kauk gs fopkjLokra«; fnys & vkKkikyukps ok vkKkHkaxkps Lokra«; nsokus fnysyhvkKk ikGko;kph fdaok ukgh gs loZLoh R;kaP;k bPNsojp voyacwugksrs- gk R;kapk Lor%pk vlk oS;fDrd fu.kZ; gksrk-

69

ijarq vknke vkf.k gosus nsokfo#) caM dsys o euq";tkrhus nsokus ts loksZÙke djko;kps Bjfoys gksrs rs loZ xekoys-R;kaP;k vkKkHkaxkeqGs nsokyk o ,dw.kp ekuotkrhyk nq%[k gks.kkj gsnsokyk vxksnjp BkÅd gksrs- ijarq nsokps vkiY;k fufeZrhojEg.kts ekuokaoj vijaikj çse vlY;keqGs R;kauk Hkkoh oSHko çkIrOgkos o ;ksX; fuoMhph la/kh feGkoh ;klkBhp nsokph ;kstuk gksrh-

vknke vkf.k gosus pqdhph fuoM djkoh ;klkBh R;kyckM lSrkukus R;kauk lrr Hkqyfoys- canh dsysys QG R;k nks?kkauh[kkos Eg.kwu lSrkukus R;k QGkaps lqanj o.kZu dsys o R;kauklkafxrys dh rs QG [kkYY;kuarj rs nsokleku gksrhy ¼vktghlSrku Eg.krks dh euq"; gkp Lor% nso gksÅ 'kdrks- ijarq nsogk nso vkgs o rks d/khgh nsokis{kk ;fRdaphrgh deh gksr ukghvkf.k euq"; gk euq";p vkgs o rks d/khgh euq";kis{kk ;fRdaphrgheksBk gksr ukgh½- rjhgh lSrkukus vknke o gok ;kauk Hkqyfoyso nsokP;k bPNsfo#) okx.;kl Hkkx ikMys- ifj.kkeh loZekuotkr loZleFkZ nso tks fuekZ.kdrkZ R;kP;k çseG o oS;fDrdlgHkkxhrsiklwu nwj >kyh- dkj.k loZ euq";s vknkekphp larÙkhvkgs- ^,dk ek.klkP;k}kjs iki txkr f'kjys vkf.k ikikP;k}kjsej.k f'kjys vkf.k lokZauh iki dsY;keqGsa loZ ek.klkae/;s v'kkizdkjsej.k iljys** ¼jkse 5%12½-

euq";kus fufeZrhuarj yxspp pqdhph fuoM d:u vkKkHkaxdsyk] R;keqGsp vkt çR;sd Le'kkuHkwfe] bfLirG] lSU; vkf.kcafn'kkGk txkr fuekZ.k >kY;k vkgsr- gs lSrkuh —R;s] T;kykvki.k iki Eg.krks rs loZ ekuokae/;s mitrp vkys- ;k ikikeqGseuq"; nsokiklwup foHkDr >kyk vls ukgh rj brj ek.klkaiklwuns[khy nqjkoyk-



ijarq rqEgh vkf.k eh dsoG tUerkp ikihukgh rj vkiY;k d`R;ka}kjs ns[khy ikih vkgksr-

rqEgh vkf.k eh tUekpsp ikih vkgksr ;klaca/kh Lrks=dR;kZusEgVys vkgs] ^^ikgk] eh tUekpkp ikih vkgs] ekÖ;k vkbZus xHkZ/kkj.k dsys rsOgkpkp eh ikrdh vkgs** ¼Lrks= 51%5½ ijarq vkiysiki dsoG vuqoaf'kd vkgs vls ukgh rj vkEgh djhr vlysyhnq"—R;s gh ns[khy vkeP;klkBh ikip vkgsr- ifo= 'kkL= Eg.krs^^vkKk eksM.kkÚ;k yksdkar--- vkEghgh loZ iwohZ vkiY;k nSfgdoklukauk vuq:i vls ekxs okxyks- vkiY;k nsgkP;k o eukP;kbPNsçek.ks djhr gksrks o LoHkkor% brjkaçek.ks Øks/kkph çtk gksrks**¼bfQl 2%2]3½-

gks;] vkeP;k vkKkHkaxkeqGs vkEgh nsokleksj nks"kh Bjrks-R;kcÌy brj dks.kkykgh nks"k nsrk ;s.kkj ukgh- & iRuh] fe=vkbZcki R;kcÌy nks"kh Bjr ukghr- vkEgh T;k ifjfLFkrhrwu tkrvkgksr fdaok vkeP;k vktqcktwus okrkjoj.kgh nks"kik= Bjrukgh- rqEgh rqeP;k ikrdkalkBh tckcnkj vkgkr- ehgh ekÖ;kpikrdkalkBh tckcnkj vkgs-

yksdkae/;s iljysys foHkktu vkf.k fQrqjh ;kps ,deso dkj.kEg.kts iki- nso u eku.kkjk ,d ukfLrd vkf.k foÜokl.kkjk ;ke/;s ikivkgs- vjch rs ;gwnh ;k lokZae/;s iki vkgs- frljs tx vkf.kdkj[kkunkjhus xtctysys tx ;ke/;s iki vkgs- HkkaMoynkj vkf.kgqdqe'kkgh yksdkae/;s iki vkgs- iksfyl rs xqUgsxkj ;kae/;s iki vkgs-ikyd vlks dh os';k vlks( JhearhP;k FkkVkr jkg.kkjk vlks fdaoknkfjæîkr yksG.kkjk vlks] lqf'kf{kr vlks fdaok vf'kf{kr vlks---^lokZauhiki dsys vkgs vkf.k rs nsokP;k xkSjokl varjys vkgs* ¼jkse 3%23½-vkt ikikeqGsp loZ euq";kae/;s rk.k&r.kko fuekZ.k gksr vkgsr-

71

ijarq ikrD;kaph vk'kk Eg.kts ;s'kw f[kzLr! rks Eg.krks ^dkj.kuhfrekukauk uOgs rj ikih tukauk cksyfo.;klkBh eh vkyks vkgs**¼eRr; 9%13½- deh tkLr çek.kkr vkEgh çR;sdkusp nsokpsikfo«; xekoys vkgs- iki* Eg.ktss ikfo«; xefo.ks* vkEgh Lor%gksÅup R;ke/;s dkgh nq#Lrh d: 'kdr ukgh- pkaxys jkgwu fdaokdkgh rjh pkaxys d:u vki.k 'kkarh çLFkkfir d: 'kdw gh Qksyvk'kk vkgs- ^vk<îrk ckGxw u;s Eg.kwu desZ dsY;kus gs >kysukgh* ¼bfQl 2%9½- Eg.kwup rkj.kklaca/kh cksyrkauk ;s'kwus EgVys]^eyk n;k ikfgts] ;K udks* ¼eÙk; 9%13½-

vkiY;k oS;fDrd ikikaP;k dpkVîkrwu vkiyh lqVdk Ogkoh;klkBh çR;sdkyk ijesÜojkP;k —isph tk.kho >kyh ikfgts-

nso n;k/ku vkgs ¼bfQl 2%4½ Eg.kwup rks Eg.krks dhvkiY;klkBh R;kus rkj.kkph ns.kxh eksQr fnyh vkgs- ^^rqepsrkj.k —isusp foÜoklkP;k }kjs >kys vkgs vkf.k gs rqeP;k gkrwu>kys ukgh rj gs nsokps nku vkgs** ¼bfQl 2%8½- nsokP;k ifo=lkfu/;kr vki.k ;kos Eg.kwu ;s'kwusp rkj.kkps nkj vkiY;klkBhlrkM m?kMys R;klkBh R;kyk iw.kZ fdaer ekstkoh ykxyh-

çHkq ;s'kw f[kzLrk}kjs —ikGw nsokus vkiY;kyk foiqy thoufeGowu fnys vkgs- ijarq nsokus rqEgkyk bPNkLokra«; fnys vkgs-nso rqEgkyk rqeP;k bPNsiklwu cGtcjhus nwj d: bfPNr ukgh-nsokP;k bPNsyk rqEgh fdrh egRo nsrk gsp egRokps vkgs- nsoEg.krks] ^ikgk vkÙkkp le; vuqdwy vkgs] ikgk] vkÙkkprkj.kkpk fnol vkgs* ¼2 dfjaFk 6%2½- vkrkp ! iq<s dsaOgkrjhuOgs ! ;s'kw dk; Eg.krks rs /;kukr Bsok & ^^dkj.k uhfrekukaukuOgs rj ikih tukauk cksyfo.;klkBh eh vkyks vkgs** ¼eRr;9%13½-



rqeP;k leL;spk xaHkhji.ks fopkj djrkauk rqeP;k ikrdkalaca/kh fopkj dj.ks Qkj xjtsps vkgs- vktp rqepk Lohdkj dj.;klkBh;s'kwus vkiys ckgw iljys vkgsr- vkt rqEgh dks.kR;kgh fLFkrhrvlyk rjh ;s'kw rqeP;klkBh mRlqd vkgs- R;kyk rqeP;kdMwu,sdko;kl gos vkgs dh ^^gs nsok et ikI;koj n;k dj* ¼ywd18%13½-

lh eWDl ;sFkhy rq#axkrwu vkysys i=lh eWDl ;sFkhy rq#axkrwu vkysys i=lh eWDl ;sFkhy rq#axkrwu vkysys i=lh eWDl ;sFkhy rq#axkrwu vkysys i=lh eWDl ;sFkhy rq#axkrwu vkysys i=

¼nf{k.k vkfÝdse/khy vfr lqjf{kr rq#axkrhy cafnokukdMwu gs i=vkys vkgs½

^rqepk nsokpk 'kks/k* gs iqLrd eyk okpko;kl feGkys- nsokpsopu let.;klkBh eyk R;kpk Qkj mi;ksx >kyk- [kjs thoudls vlkos ;kpk ekxZ ;k iqLrdkr eyk lkiMyk] ek>s Eg.k.ksdk; gs rqEgkyk letys vlsy vls eyk okVrs- ekÖ;k fe=kus rsiqLrd eyk okpk;yk fnys- nso gkp vf[ky txkpk fuekZ.kdrkZvkgs vlk ek>k foÜokl vkgseh vkrk ;k rq#axkr vkgs vkf.knso ek>s loZrksijh lgk¸; djhy vlk ek>k foÜokl vkgs-**

& VªkUl oYMZ jsfM;ks rQsZ çl`r

73

fopkj djk

1- lektke/;s vkt Hk;kud fo—rh fuekZ.k >kyhvkgs gs rqEgkyk fnlrs dk;\

2- rqEgh vktkjh iMY;kuarj rqeps MkWDVj rqeP;kç—rhph dlwu rikl.kh d:u exp rqEgkykvkS"k/ks nsrkr dk;\

3- rqeP;k dks.kR;kgh leL;sps ifj{k.k ifo= 'kkL=dls djrs o R;koj R;krwu dks.krs mipkjlqpfoys vkgs\


R;k uxjkr tknwfxjh d:u 'kksejksuh yksdkauk FkDddj.kkjk vlk f'keksu ukokpk ,d ek.kwl gksrk vkf.kvki.k dks.khrjh eksBs vkgks vls rks nk[kohr vls-ygkukaiklwu Fkksjkai;Zar loZtu R;kps y{kiwoZd ,sdr oEg.kr dh ftyk nsokph egk'kDrh Eg.krkr rh gk

vkgs-

MkW- ywd

yksdkaph ,o<h fn'kkHkwydk gksrs\

eh ygku eqyxk gksrks rsOgk fczVh'k vkbysl Hkkxkr eh jkgkrgksrks vkf.k 'k=waph foekus R;koj lrr f?kjVîk ?kkyhr gksrh- rks;q)kpk dkG gksrk vkf.k gh lagkjd'kL=s vlysyh foekus vkeP;kfoHkkxkrwu R;kaps y{; vlysY;k feMy¡M~l o mÙkj baXyaMdMs tkrgksrh- vkeph foekus o 'k=waph foeku dks.krh gs eh o ek>s fe=R;k foekukP;k vkoktko:u vksG[kr vlw- tsOgk 'k=wP;k foekukojçdk'k>ksr iMs R;kosGh vkEgkyk [kwi etk okVs o vkrk {k.kkr R;kfoekukoj gYyk p<fo.;kr ;sbZy o rs xjxj djhr [kkyhdkslGsy vls vkEgkyk okVs-

tsOgk 'k=qi{kkps foeku vls dkslGk;yk ykxs rsOgk foekuke/khy yksd gokbZN=hP;k vk/kkjkus tho okpfo.;klkBh [kkyh mMîkekjhr- v'kk yksdkauk iq<s yi.;klkBh fdaok iGwu tkrk ;sÅ u;sEg.kwu pkSdkrhy o jLR;kojhy loZ [kw.kk dk<wu Vkd.;kr ;srgksR;k- jLR;kr ,dgh [kw.k vk<Gr uOgrh-

rjh vkEgk ygku eqykauk BkÅd gksrs dh owVu owM~l ;sFkhy,dk pkSdke/;s ,d ygku'kh] MksGîkauk lgt u fnl.kkjh v'kh


75


[kw.k gksrh- vkEgh R;k [kw.ksph fn'kk cnywu 'k=waph fn'kkHkwy djhrvlw- R;keqGs vkEgh vkeP;k lSfudkaph ;q)kr enr djhr vkgksrvlsp vkEgkyk okVs- udks'kk okV.kkÚ;k v'kk ikgw.;kapk vLkk xksa/kG mMfo.;kr vkEgkyk vkuan okVs-

ijarq R;k yksdkatoG tj R;k foHkkxkpk ri'khy n'kZfo.kkjkudk'kk vlsy rj v'kk [kq.kk cqtowugh R;kaph dlyhgh fn'kk Hkwygksr uls- [kq.kkaph fn'kk cny.;kP;k vkeP;k ckyh'k dYiukgh R;kyksdkapk ?kksVkGk dj.;kl deh iMr- tj udk'kkps uhV vkdyuR;kauk djrk vkys ukgh rj ek= R;kapk ?kksVkGk gksr vls-

ifo= 'kkL=kr vkiY;kyk T;k ekxZn'kZd [kq.kk fnysY;k vkgsrR;kr fn'kkHkwy dj.kkÚ;k yksdkalaca/kh nso cksyrks-

çFke ;k vQkV foÜokdMs n"Vh ykoY;kl] R;kP;k mRi™kdR;kZykfolj.ks Eg.kts Lor%ph eksBh fn'kkHkwy d:u ?ks.ks gks;-

^^Lor%yk 'kgk.ks Eg.krk Eg.krk rs ew[kZ cuys-----vk.k[kh T;kvFkhZ rs nsokph tk.kho Bso.;kl rs ekU;>kys ukghr R;kvFkhZ nsokus R;kauk vuqfpr desZ dj.;klfoijhr eukP;k Lok/khu dsys** ¼jkse1%22]28½v'kh Hkz"V eus ex fuekZ.kdR;kZ nsok,soth fufeZrhphp HkDrh

djhr jkgrkr- i.k tks LoPN eukpk vkgs rks fuekZ.kdR;kZphpHkDrh djhy- Eg.kwu nsokus foÜo fuekZ.k dsys gs rqEgh ukdkjky rjnso rqEgkyk foijhr eukP;k Lok/khu djsy o gs foÜo dls fuekZ.k>kys ;kfo"k;h rqEgh ew[kZi.kkP;k dYiuk y<oky- foijhr euEg.kts laHkzehr fdaok Hkz"V eu!

ts yksd nsokps opu rqPN ekurkr rs ekxZHkz"V gksrkr vlsnsokps opu lkaxrs- R;kapk 'ksoV Eg.kts uk'k- nsokP;k opukoj tks

77

izhrh djhr ukgh o rs ikGr ukgh rks [kjks[kj nq/kZj çlaxkrlkiMrks-

^^T;kapk uk'k gksr pkyyk vkgs R;kauh vkiys rkj.k lk/kkos Eg.kwu lR;kph vkoM /kjko;kph rh /kfjyh ukgh-----R;kauh vlR;koj foÜokl Bsokok Eg.kwu nsoR;kaP;k Bk;h Hkzkarhps dk;Z pkysy vls dfjrks** ¼2FksLlyuh 2%10]11½-,dnk euq";kus lR; ukdkjys dh rks vlR;kpk vk/kkj ?ksrks-,dnk yaMue/;s nkV /kqD;krwu eh ekÖ;k ?kjkdMs fu?kkyks

gksrks- ijarq R;k nkV /kqD;kr eyk jLrk lkiMsuk- eyk enrhphxjt gksrh- ekÖ;k gkrkr fotsjh gksrh- i.k frpk çdk'k nkV /kqD;keqGs gkrHkj varjkojlq)k iksgpsuk- eukpk vrho laHkze gknkV /kqD;kçekek.ksp vlrks- ;k i`Fohoj rs v[ksji;Zar pky.kkjvkgs- dkj.k yksd nsokps lR; opu ukdkjhr vkgsr- ;s'kwP;kf'k";kauh R;kyk ,dnk fopkjys gksrs & ^^rqÖ;k ;s.;kps o ;qxkP;klekIrhps fpUg dk;\** ;s'kwus R;kauk mÙkj fnys]

^dkj.k [kksVs f[kzLr o [kksVs lans"Vs mBrhy o lk/ksy rjfuoMysY;kal ns[khy Qlokos Eg.kwu eksBh o fpUgsvn~Hkqrs nk[kforhy** ¼eÙk; 24%24½-dnkfpr rqEgh Eg.krgh vlky] ^eh rj Qloyk xsyks ukgh-

^^[kksVk f[kzLr dks.k gs rqEgh vksG[krk ;kps rqEgkyk Hkw"k.k okVrvlsy- [kksVk lans"Vkgh rqEgh vksG[kw 'kdrk ;kps rqEgkyk Hkw"k.kokVr vlsy- i.k {k.kHkj Fkkack o rqEgkyk dk; okVrs ;kpk fopkjdjk- rqEgkyk nsokP;k opukrhy lR; :tys ukgh Eg.kwu nsokuslSrkukyk rqeP;k eukph Qlo.kwd d: fnyh] ;kph rqEgkykFkksMhns[khy tk.kho >kysyh ukgh- dks.kR;k rjh [kksVîk lans"Vîkus

yksdkaph ,o<h fn'kkHkwy dk gksrs\


rqEgkyk Qlfoys vkgs v'kh rqeph [kjh [kk=h iVyh vlsy rjek= rqeph Qlo.kwd >kysyh ukgh- T;kP;k eukr laHkze Hkjysykvlsy vkf.k tks vkiY;kp cq)hoj folacwu jkgrks rks vlR;kojfoÜokl Bsowu 'ksoVh Qlrks-

ifo= 'kkL= okp.kkjs o R;ke/khy lR;kyk fojks/k dj.kkjs nksuçdkjps yksd vlrkr- rs txkP;k f'kdo.khoj Hkj nsrkr- ifgY;kçdkjps yksd Eg.kts ts Lor%P;k cq)heÙksojp folacrkr vkf.kLor%yk vki.k leFkZ vkgksr vls ekurkr- nqlÚ;k çdkjps yksdEg.kts ts uSfrdn`"Vîk vkKkHkatd vlrkr- ijarq T;kauk [kjks[kjnsokP;k bPNsçek.ks okxkosls okVrs R;klaca/kh ;s'kw Eg.krks] tks dks.khR;kP;k bPNsçek.ks djko;kph efu"kk ckGxhy R;kyk gh f'kdo.knsokiklwu vkgs fdaok eh vkiY;k eups cksyrks rs letsy* ¼;ksgku7%17½-

nsokP;k bPNsçek.ks dj.;kph rqeph [kjks[kj r;kjh vlsyrj rqEgh d'kkoj foÜokl Bsokok o d'kkoj Bsow u;s vkf.k dk;djkos o dk; d: u;s ;kps ekxZn'kZu nsop rqEgkyk R;kP;k ifo=opukae/kwu djhy-

ts yksd nsokP;k opukps Lor%P;kp cq)huqlkj Li"Vhdj.knsrkr R;kaP;kiklwu rqEgh lko/k vlys ikfgts- rs rqEgkyk pqdhP;kfoÜoklkçr usÅu pqdhph okx.kwd djko;kl ykorhy-

vkt lSrkukps vusd gLrd yksdkauk cgdohr vkgsr-R;kaps vls vusd [kksVs iaFk fuekZ.k >kys vkgsr- T;k dks.kh nsotks firk] nso tks iq= vkf.k nso tks ifo= vkRek & ák =SD;nsokoj & foÜokl Bso.;kps ukdkjrks rks [kksVk lans"Vk vkgs-vls yksd ifo= 'kkL=krhy opus lanHkkZf'kok; mi;ksxkr vk.krkrvkf.k vls lanHkZghu rRoKku txkleksj ekaM.;kpk ç;Ru

79

djrkr o [kksVs /keZf'k{k.k nsrkr- vlk [kksVk f'k{kd rqEghvksG[kw 'kdrk- R;kyk fopkjk & ;s'kw f[kzLr gk dks.k vkgs\**;klkBhp rj rks usedk dks.k vkgs gs çFke let.ks rqEgkykvR;ko';d vkgs-

;s'kw gk nsokpk iq= & nso tks iq= & vkgs gs rqEgkyk [kjspletys Eg.kts dkgh rFkkdFkhr xqIr f[zk zLrh iaFkke/;svkfRed laHkze* dlk vkgs gs rqEgkyk letsy- v'kk iaFkkae/;snsokps uko ?ksrys tkr vlys rjh ;s'kwph f'kdo.k rs ekuhr ukghr-

;s'kw Eg.krks]^êkÖ;k}kjs vkY;kokpwu fiR;ktoG dks.kh ;sr ukgh**¼;ksgku 14%6½- ts foÜoklkiklwu cgdys vkgsrR;kaP;kcÌy ifo= 'kkL= dMd 'kCnkr Eg.krs & ^,dnso vkgs vlk foÜokl rwa /kfjrksl gs cjs dfjrksl]Hkwrsgh foÜokl /kfjrkr o dkairkr** ¼;kdksc 2%19½-

* laiw.kZ txke/;s ^fÝeslujh* gk lokZr eksBk xqIr f[kzzLrh iaFk vkgs- ngkn'ky{k yksd R;k iaFkkps lnL; vkgsr* ca/kqçse] lR; o LokLF;* ;k R;kaP;krRokadMs vusdt.k vkdf"kZr gksrkr- lq#okrhyk loZ dkgh gkuhdkjd ukghvlsp okVrs- êslu* gks.;klkBh çR;sd lnL;kyk rks l/;k va/kkjkr vkgs oçdk'kkdMs okVpky dj.kkj vkgs gs dcwy djkos ykxrs- i.k ;s'kwoj foÜoklBso.kkÚ;kyk çdk'k feGkyk vkgs ;kph [kk=h vlrs- ;s'kw Eg.krks] ^êh txkpkçdk'k vkgs] tks eyk vuqljrks rks va/kkjkr pky.kkj ukgh rj R;kP;k toGthoukpk çdk'k jkghy** ¼;ksgku 8%12½- eslkWfud iaFkke/;s nh{kk ns.;kpkukVîe; vkf.k çfrdkRed fo/kh vlrks- R;kosGh R;k O;Drhyk nsokP;kladYiusiklwu ijko`Ùk dj.;kr ;srs- myV XokVks* ;k ukekdMs R;kyk funsZf'krdj.;kr ;srs- R;kyk lkax.;kr ;srs ^XokVks* gs nsokps uos uko vkgs o rks ;kfoÜokpk jpukdkj vkgs- nsokoj foÜokl Bso.kkjh dks.krhgh O;fDr ckS)]



vkt ifo= 'kkL=krhy ifo= nsokyk ukdkj.kkjs vusd /keZ oiaFk ok<r vkgsr gs vki.k ikgkrks- fganw /kekZrhy vusd iaFk yksdkaukvkiY;kdMs vks<hr vkgsr- T;k jk"Vªkaph ijaijk ifo= 'kkL=koj vk/kkfjr gksrh rhp jk"Vªs vkrk fganw /kekZrhy dkgh pqdhph rRosa] /;ku/kkj.kk] ;ksxk ;kauh çHkkfor >kyh vkgsr- fganw/kekZrwu mn~Hkoysys vusdiaFk Lor%ps nso ¼ewrhZ½ fuekZ.k d:u ew[kZi.kkus R;kaphp miklukdjhr vkgsr- fuekZ.kdR;kZ ijesÜojkps R;kauk eqGhp Hkku jkfgysukgh- vusd lk/kq o cqok ;kauk egRo ns.kkjs vusd laHkzfer yksdvkgsr rs ftoar nsokyk eku.;k,soth Hkksanw lk/kwaoj vf/kd foÜoklBsohr vkgsr- R;kp ftoar nsokus] R;kP;k vkiY;kojhy çsekLro uezgksÅu nsg/kkj.k dsyk gs rs ekur ukghr-

eqLyhe yksdgh R;kaP;k /kekZpk }s"kkus çlkj djhr vkgsr-dkgh o"kkZaiwohZ ts 'kD; uOgrs rs R;kauk vkrk isVªksy&MkWylZ}kjs 'kD;gksr vkgs vkf.k rs vkiY;k jk"VªkaP;k lhek vf/kd foLrkjhrvkgsr- Mksae vkWQ jkWd ák ;#'kysese/khy eqLyhe yksdkaP;kegRokP;k e'khnhr rs yksd nsokP;k lqokrsZyk tqekur ukghr- R;k

f[kzLrh] eqLyhe] fganw vFkok ;gwnh gh Ýheslu cuw 'kdrs-Eg.kwu ^XokVks* ¼ekuo fufeZr nso½ gh dYiuk ;s'kw f[kzLrkiklwu] T;kyk ifo='kkL= ^txkpk çdk'k* Eg.krs ¼;ksgku 1%9½ R;kiklwu <Gfors- uarj uohu eslutsOgk eksBk eslu gksrks- rsOgk R;kyk nsokP;k vk.k[kh ,dk uO;k ukokph vksG[kd:u fnyh tkrs- rs uko Eg.kts ^cqyu*- ;gwnh vkf.k e/;iwosZr nsokps ts ukovkgs R;kps feJ.k Eg.kts gs uko gks;- gs uko ;kg Eg.kts ;kOgs] cqy ¼ckykpsuko½ vkf.k vu Eg.kts feljh nso&lw;Z- v'kkrÚgsus lafeJ.k viwoZp Eg.kkosykxsy! lxGîk foÜoklkaps ,d feJ jlk;u! lkjsp O;FkZ! ;s'kw Lor% Eg.krks i.krq>k MksGk lnks"k vlyk rj rq>s laiw.kZ 'kjhj va/kdkje; gksbZy( ;kLro rqÖ;krhyçdk'k tj va/kkj vlyk rj rks va/kkj dso<k !** ¼eÙk; 6%23½-

(Contd...79)

81

Mkse vkWQ jkWdP;k lHkksorh vls ys[k vkgsr- ^nsokyk iq= ukghvkf.k rks R;kus d/khgh fnyk ukgh-* ifo= 'kkL= rj Li"Vi.kslkaxrs-

^nsokus txkoj ,o<h izhrh dsyh dh R;kus vkiyk,dqyrk ,d iq= fnyk] ;klkBh] dh tks dks.kh R;ktojfoÜokl Bsorks R;kpk uk'k gksÅ u;s rj R;kyk lkoZdkfydthou çkIr Ogkos** ¼;ksgku 3%16½-

/kkfeZd {ks=krp vkfRed laHkze vkgs vls ukgh- /keZfujis{ktxke/;s ekuo dY;k.kkykp egRo fnys tkr vkgs- euq"; gkpfoÜokpk dsaæfcanw vkgs vkf.k ekuokps loZrksijh dY;k.k lk/ksy gspR;kaps /;s; vkgs- jsfMvks] VsfyOghtu] 'kkGk] dkWystsl] orZekui=sa]eksBeksBîk vkarjjk"Vªh; daiU;k ;ke/kwu ekuorsps rq.krq.ks oktfoystkr vkgs- ^^Lor%psp dkSrqd** çR;sd tkghjkrhrwu çxV gksrvkgs-

ekuork Eg.kts ekuokphp iqtk vls rRo vkt eku.;kr;sr vlys rjh rh dkgh uohu dYiuk ukgh- ikSykP;k dkGke/;snso Eg.kkyk] ^R;kauh nsokP;k [kjsi.kkph yckMh'kh vnykcny dsyhvkf.k fuekZ.kdR;kZ,soth fufeZrkaph HkDrh o lsok dsyh- rks fuekZ.kdrkZrj ;qxkuq;qx /kU;okfnr vkgs- vkesu** ¼jkse 1%25½- ekuorkok|kauknso ,d lk/kk ç'u fopkjr vkgs % eh i`Fohpk ik;k ?kkryk rsOgkrw dksBs gksrkl\ rqyk let.;kph vDdy vlsy rj lkax** ¼bZ;ksc38%4½- gh rj tquhp xks"V vkgs- lSrku gosdMs ;sÅu tsv'kD; vkgs rs 'kD; vkgs vls Hkklowu Eg.kkyk] ^rqEgh nsoklekuOgky** ¼mRifÙk 3%5½- vktgh lSrku /keZfujis{k ekuorkoknkrwutxkyk fo—r f'k{k.k nsr vkgs-



dnkfpr rqEgh vktP;k uo;qxkrhy r#.k vlky vkf.k dks.kR;k/kkfeZd fdaok jktdh; ç.kkyhpk rqeP;koj çHkko ulsy- rqeP;k ersjktdkj.k la'k;kLin vkf.k /keZ vçLrqr vlsy- Lor%P;k drZRokusLor%pk m)kj djkok vls rqEgkyk okVr vlsy- jkWd E;qf>d]laxhrkpk >adkj] fdaok brj dks.kR;k >xexkVkeqGs rqEgh Lor%pk,dVsi.kk folj.;kpk ç;Ru djhr vlky-

ts 'kCn rqeP;k dkuh iMrkr o R;kuqlkj rqEgh ukprk rs'kCn rqEgkyk letrkr- R;kaps o.kZu dj.;kph rqeph bPNk ulsy-i.k lSrku] ySafxdrk vkf.k mnklhursus rs Hkjysys vlrkr gs rqEghekU; djky- ujdkP;k Hkslwjrps o.kZu R;k laxhrkrwu çrhr gksrs-vFkZghu vfLrRokpk i;kZ; Eg.kwu rqEgh rs Lohdkjrk- d/kh d/khijfLFkrh fgald curs vkf.k v'kk osGh r#.k csHkku gksÅuLor%pk o brjkapk uk'k dj.;kl ljlkorkr-

ykWl ,atsYl 'kgjkrhy ,dk fBdk.kkcÌy eh rqEgkyk lkaxrks-rs fBdk.k jsfÝtjsVj* ;k ukokus vksG[kys tkrs- rs e`rnsg cQkZrBso.;kps fBdk.k vkgs- rsFks 600 r#.kkaps e`rnsg rhu eghus trud:u Bsoys gksrs- R;kaps ukrsokbZd dsOgk ;srhy o rs vkiY;keqykaps e`rnsg vksG[krhy ;kph çrh{kk djrh gksrs- ^vuksG[khv'kk ukokph fpÎh çR;sdkP;k vaxBîkyk cka/kyh gksrh- iq<s R;kaP;kiSdhvusdkapk vuksG[kh* Eg.kwup dks.kR;krjh Le'kkuHkwehr nQu fo/kh dsY;k xsyk- gh lxGh r#.k ih<h pqdhP;k ekxkZoj gksrh- rksekxZ cny.ks R;kauk v'kD; >kys gksrs- tj R;kauh ;s'kwps 'kCn ,sdysvlrs rj fdrh cjs >kys vlrs- ;s'kw Eg.krks] ^eh vkyks vkgs rksR;kauk thouçkfIr Ogkoh o rh foiqyi.ks Ogkoh Eg.kwu vkyks vkgs**¼;ksgku 10%10½-

;k xksa/kGkr Hkjhl Hkj Eg.kwu vkrk dkGk tknwVks.kk* vkyk

83

vkgs- va/kkjkP;k ;qxkr gksr vlysyk tknwVks.kk vkt eksBîkçek.kkr pkyw vkgs ;kps [kk=h'khj iqjkos miyC/k vkgsr- foKku;qxkrgs pkyw vkgs gs vkÜp;Zp vkgs!

dYiuk djrk ;s.kkj ukgh v'kk fBdk.kh lSrkukph miklukdj.kkjs yksd eksBîk la[;sus okojr vkgsr- yaMu 'kgjkrhyvusd O;kolkf;d fdaXLVu ;k 'kgjkr ^CyWd ekl* lktjkdj.;klkBh ,d= terkr- psVwd dj.;kps çdkj ;qjksie/;s vkf.knwjP;k lqanj v'kk OgWdwoj csVki;Zar iksgapys vkgsr- vkfÝdsrhydkGh tknw txkr loZ= iljr vkgs- vusd [ksGlq)k ^ujd oÜokin*] IyWpsV* ;koj vk/kkjysys vlwu yksdkaph Hkyrh dje.kwddjhr vkgsr- gk lxGk ifj.kke ojdj.kh QlO;k /kkfeZdrsP;kfn[kkÅi.kkeqGs vkgs- pqdhP;k ekXkkZus nsokpk 'kks/k rs djhr vkgsr-R;keqGs rs ftoar nsokP;k çdk'kkiklwu nwj rj tkr vkgsrp i.ktknw&Vks.;kP;k xMn va/kkjkr xMi gksr vkgsr- vkf.k vki.kv'kk lektkyk vkt lqlal—r lekt letr vkgksr-

nso 'ksoVY;k fnolkalaca/kh dk; Eg.krks ;kps uhV Lej.k Bsoysikfgts- [kksVs lans"Vs] fpUgs o vn~Hkqrs ;keqGs 'ksoVY;k dkGh euq";laHkzehr gksbZy- nso Eg.krks dh v[ksjP;k dkGkr Hk;adj Qlo.kwddj.kkjk v/kehZ iq#"k çxV gksbZy----- ^lSrkukP;k —rhçek.ks loZizdkjph [kksVh egR—R;s] fpUgs] vn~Hkqrs vkf.k loZçdkjps vuhfrtuddiV ;kauh ;qDr vls R;k vuhfrekukps ;s.ks gksbZy** ¼2 FksLly2%9]10½-

[kksVs f'k{k.k vkf.k nq"V çFkk ;kpk ok<rk çHkko ;keqGs lekto jk"Vªs gh fujk'skP;k iksdGhr fHkjfHkjr vkgsr- lSrkukP;k vusd[kk.kk[kq.kk vkt vfLrRokr vkgsr ijarq R;krhy ,dgh txkpkm)kjd çHkq ;s'kw f[kzLr ;kdMs funsZ"k djhr ukgh-



txkyk nq%[kkP;k njhr yksV.kkÚ;k ;k ifjfLFkrhr] nsokpk lans'kd/khp fujk'kktud] xksa/kGkr ikM.kkjk vkf.k eR;qleku ukgh- R;kpklans'k laiw.kZ vk'kspk] foÜoklkpk vkf.k foiqy thoukpk vkgs- nsokpk'kks/k ?ksrkauk tsOgk rqEgh ifo= 'kkL=kps okpu djrk rsOgk ifo=vkRek rqEgkyk lrr izHkq ;s'kw f[kzLrkdMs funsZ"k djhy- rks Eg.krks]^^ekXkZ] lR; o thou ehp vkgs*] ekÖ;k}kjs vkY;kokpwu fiR;kdMsdks.kh ;sr ukgh**¼;ksgku 14%6½- ;s'kwf'kok; nqljk ekxZp ukgh-

pqdhP;k ekxZn'kZuklaca/kh nsokus rqEgkyk b'kkjk fnyk vkgs-rqEgh ekxZ Hkz"V gksrk dkek u;s- iq"dG laHkze fuekZ.k gksbZy orqeph eus xksa/kGwu tkrhy vls nsokus vxksnjp Li"V dsysvkgs-vkrk rks rqEgkyk vfHkopu nsr vkgs-

^^ijesÜoj Eg.krks] rqEgkfo"k;h ekÖ;k eukr ts ladYivkgsr] rs eh tk.krks- rs ladYi fgrkps vkgsr-vfu"Vkaps ukghr rs rqEgkl rqeP;k Hkkoh lqfLFkrhphvk'kk ns.kkjs vkgsr- rsOgk rqEgh ek>k /kkok djky]rqEgh tkÅu ek>h çkFkZuk djky o eh rqeps ,sdsu-rqEgh eyk 'kj.k ;ky vkf.k iw.kZ ftosHkkos ekÖ;k 'kks/kklykxyk rsOgk eh rqEgkl ikosu- ijes'oj Eg.krks ehrqEgkl ikoY;koj rqepk cafnokl myVohy vkf.k loZyksdkar o T;k loZ LFkGh eh rqEgkl gkdwu ykfoysvkgs rsFkwu rqEgkl ,d= djhu** ¼f;eZ;k 29%11&14½-

85

fopkj djk

1- dks.krs eu fuekZR;k,soth fufeZrhphp miklukdjsy\ ¼jkse 1%22&28 okpk½

2- nsokpk 'kks/k ?ksrkauk] rqeP;k eukrhy ç'ulksMfo.;klkBh dks.krh fdYyh rqeP;k gkrhns.;kr vkyh vkgs\ ¼;ksgku 7%17 okpk½-rh Eg.kts rqeps eu vkgs dk;\rqeph bPNk'kDrh vkgs dk;\

3- nsokçr iksgp.;klkBh R;kus rqEgkyk Li"V fpUgsfnyh vkgsr dk;\ ¼;ksgku 8%12 okpk½-


iq"dG o"kkZaiwohZ baXyaMe/khy ,dk 'kCckFk 'kkGsrhy eqykusR;kP;k f'kf{kdsyk ,d ç'u fopkjyk % ^caM[kksj eqykaojnso çhrh djrks dka\** f'kf{kdsus mÙkj fnys] ^^eqGhpukgh-** vls lkaxwu udGr nsokph ukyLrh dj.;krvkyh! tj nso caM[kksj eqykaoj izhrh djhr ulsy rjR;kus ekÖ;koj izhrh dsyh ukgh! 'ksfDlfi;j Eg.krks]

^^cny ikgwu izhrh cnyr vlsy rj rh fçrhp ukgh!**

th- dWEcsy ekXkZu

nso [kjks[kj ekÖ;koj çhrhdjrks dk;\

rqEgkyk T;k O;Drhps [kwi egRo okVrs R;k O;DrhP;k fizrhlac/akh rqEgh d/kh ç'u dsyk vkgs dk;\ fdaok T;k O;Drhaoj rqEgh izhrhdjrk R;k O;Drhyk rqeP;k çhrhcÌy d/kh iqjkok ns.;kpk ç;Rudsyk dk;\ [kjh izhrh gh dsoG 'kCnkrwu uOgs rj ;ksX;osGh dsysY;k—rhrwu çxV gksr vlrs-

'kCnkais{kk —rh izHkkoh vlrs vkf.k nsokus ;s'kwP;k Øwl[kkackojhyej.kkP;k}kjs R;kph izhrh nk[kowu fnyh- ;k nsokP;k —rhe/khyegRo rqEgkyk letys Eg.kts nso rqEgkoj izhrh djrks gs uO;kuslkax.;kph eqGh xjtp ukgh-

eh tsOgk çFke f[kzLrkdMs oGyks rsOgk ,d lR;dFkk ekÖ;kokpukar vkyh- rh ,dk rqrkjh oktfo.kkÚ;k eqykph o ,dkf'kik;kph vkgs- cksj ;q) lq: vlrkauk rs nks?kst.k lSU;kr dkedjhr gksrs- rqrkjh oktfo.kkjk eqyxk] foyh gksYV gk rsOgk ckjko"kkZapk gksrk- nsokph vksG[k ulysY;k lkr f'kik;kae/;s ,dk racwrR;kyk Bsoys gksrs- R;k f'kik;kaiSdh ,dkps uko fcy gksrs- fcyP;k


87


myV foyh ;s'kw f[kzzLrkoj foÜokl Bso.kkjk vlk eqyxk gksrk- jkstjk=h foyh vkiY;k fcNkU;ktoG xqM?ks Vsdwu 'kkL= okpwu 'kkari.ksçkFkZuk djhr vls- gs ikgwu brj f'kikbZ foyph ps"Vk djhr oR;kyk fg.kohr vlr-

,dnk R;k iFkdkP;k çeq[k vf/kdkÚ;kus R;kauk dok;rhP;keSnkukoj cksykoys- foyh o fcy T;k fno'kh racwph j[kokyh djhrgksrs R;k fno'kh pksjh >kY;kps fu"i™k >kys gksrs- rks vf/kdkjhduZy ák inkoj gksrk vkf.k rks [kwi larkiyk gksrk- R;kus loZf'kik;kauk fuokZ.khpk b'kkjk fnyk- rks Eg.kkyk] iwohZgh eh rqEgkykrkdhn fnyh gksrh i.k frpk dkgh mi;ksx >kyk ukgh- dky jk=hiqUgk pksjh >kyh vkgs- T;kus pksjh dsyh vkgs R;kyk eh rh dcwydj.;kph vkrk 'ksoVph la/kh nsr vkgs- tj dks.khp dcwy >kysukgh rj rqEgkrhy çR;sdkP;k ikBhoj pkcdkps ngk QVds ekj.;kr;srhy( i.k rqeP;kiSdh ,dkus dcwyh fnyh rj ckdhps f'k{kse/kwulqVrhy-**

lxGhdMs xaHkhj 'kkarrk iljyh- rsOg<îkr foyh ,d ikÅyiq<s vkyk o Eg.kkyk] lj] rqEgh Eg.kkyk dh ,dkus xqUgk dcwydsyk rj ckdhps lqVrhy ex ehp rks ,d vkgs- rs ikgwu rks duZydMkMyk & dks.k vkgs rks H;kM f'kikbZ tks ,dk dksoGîk fujijk/k eqykyk cGh nsr vkgs\** dks.khp dkgh gkypky djsuk- rsOgk rksduZy Eg.kkyk] ^vls vlsy rj R;k xqUgsxkj f'kik;kP;k cnyh ;kdksoGîk iksjkyk gks.kkjh Hk;adj f'k{kk rqEgkyk ikgkoh ykxsy-**

duZyus EgVY;kçek.ks] foyhP;k ikBhoj pkcdkps Øwj QVdsclw ykxys- R;k QVD;kalj'kh foyh HkksoG ;sÅu [kkyh dkslGyk- rs

89

Hk;adj dsfoyok.ks n"; ikgwu fcy iq<s vkyk o Eg.kkyk] ^Fkkack! ehpksjh dsyh- R;kph f'k{kk eh Hkksxhu-** rksoj foyh gGwgGw Hkkukojvkyk gksrk- iMY;k iMY;kp R;kus fcydMs fdyfdY;k MksGîkauhikfgys o gGwokj Lojkr rks Eg.kkyk] ^fcy] duZyus gqdwe fnyk vkgsvkf.k rks vkrk eksMrk ;s.kkj ukgh] mjysys QVds ehp [kkbZu!** vkf.kfoyhus rs ngk Hk;adj Øwj QVds Lor% lgu dsys-

R;k dksoGîk foyhyk R;k QVD;kaP;k ifj.kkekrwu d/khp cjsgksrk vkys ukgh- foyh e`R;qiwohZ vaFk#.kkyk f[kGwu gksrk] fcyeukus [kwi [kpyk] foyhP;k [kkVstoG clwu jMr jMr rksEg.kkyk] ^^foyh] gs rw ekÖ;klkBh dk lgu dsys\** foyh R;kykEg.kkyk] ^^fcy] nsokP;k çhrhcÌy eh rqyk lkaxr gksrks rsOgk rwaek>h ps"Vk djhr gksrk- rq>h f'k{kk eh Lor%oj ?ksryh dkj.k vkrkrjh rqyk ;s'kwph izhrh letkoh- rqÖ;k,soth R;kus Lor%pk çk.k R;ko/kLraHkkoj fnyk- rqÖ;k ikikaph {kek Ogkoh Eg.kwu rks ej.k ikoyk-** foyh ej.;kvxksnj fcyus ;s'kw f[kzzLrkpk] R;kP;k rkj.kkjk Eg.kwuLohdkj dsyk-

ej.kkP;k iaFkkl ykxysY;k ekuokdfjrk] rkj.kkph gh vrD;Z;kstuk LoxkZrwu i`Fohoj jkco.;kr vkyh- R;k ;kstuspk dsaæfcanwvkgs izhrh & nsokph ekuokojhy izhrh- R;k izhrhLro f[kzzLrkusvxnh vkKk/kkjdi.ks vkiY;k rkj.kklkBh Lor%pk tho fnyk-

ifjiw.kZ euq";ifjiw.kZ euq";ifjiw.kZ euq";ifjiw.kZ euq";ifjiw.kZ euq";xqyxqFkk VsdMhoj rhu Øwl mHks gksrs- nksu Øwlkoj nksu

pksjkauk Vkax.;kr vkys gksrs- R;k nks?kkaP;k e/khy Øwlkoj ;s'kwykf[kG.;kr vkys gksrs o R;kus rsFksp R;kpk çk.k lksMyk gksrk-

nso [kjks[kj ekÖ;koj çhrh djrks dk;\


Øwlkojhy R;k Hk;kud ;kruk lgu djhr vlrkaukp] ,dpksj R;k dkGkrhy U;k;laLFksoj fpMwu R;kps er ekaMr gksrk-Øwlkoj jDrcackG >kysY;k R;kP;k 'kjhjkps R;kosGh Hkku uOgrs gsvtcp okVsy- R;k nksu pksjkauh ?kksj vijk/k dsyk gksrk- i.k ;s'kwfujijk/k vkgs gs dGwu pqdY;koj rks pksj jkseh ljdkjyk nks"k nsrgksrk- fujijk/k ;s'kwyk R;kauh foukdkj.k eR;qnaMkph f'k{kk fnyh gksrh-;k vU;k;keqGs rks pksj xycyyk gksrk- R;k pksjkus vxnh vpwdv'kk rhu xks"Vh uezi.ks gsjY;k gksR;k] vkf.k FkksMîkp osGkus rkspksj v[ksjpk Üokl ?ks.kkj gksrk-

ifgyh xks"V % ^vki.k vkiY;k —R;kps QG Hkksxr vkgksr*;k vxnh NksVîk'kk okD;kr R;k ej.kkÚ;k pksjkus Lor%P;k ikikaphuezi.ks dcwyh fnyh vkgs-

nqljh xks"V % vkiys ej.k rj ;FkkFkZ vkgs*] vktP;k txkrpksjh dj.ks gk lk/kkj.k loZ= ?kM.kkjk xqUgk vkgs- i.k ifgY;k'krdke/;s v'kk xqUgîklkBh e`R;qnaMkps dMd 'kklu gksrs- ijarqR;k pksjkus] R;k nksu pksjkauk fnysyh eR;qnaMkph f'k{kk d'kh dk;ns'khjo U;k¸; vkgs ;kph [kk=hp iVowu fnyh] ^----- vkiyk naM;FkkU;k; vkgs-**

frljh xks"V % ^ákus dkgh v;ksX; dsys ukgh-* R;k pksjkusLor%pk vijk/k dcwy dsyk vkf.k jkseh ljdkjpk U;k; o ltkekU; dsyh- ;s'kwcÌy R;kpk dGoGkgh R;kus nk[koyk- gk euq";;s'kw* [kjks[kj funksZ"k vkgs ;kph [kk=h R;k pksjkyk iVyh gksrh]vkf.k v'kk funksZ"k euq";kyk vU;k;kus o/kLraHkkoj f[kGys vkgs gsR;k ej.kkÚ;k pksjkP;k y{kkr vkys gksrs-

91

Lor%P;k vijk/kkph tk.kho >kY;keqGs R;k pksjkyk ;s'kwdMsoG.;kf'kok; nqljk i;kZ;p jkfgyk uOgrk- Eg.kwup rks vxnhdkdwGrhus ;s'kwyk Eg.kkyk] rw vkiY;k jktkf/kdkjkus ;s'khy rsOgkek>h vkBo.k dj* v'kk çkekf.kd iki dcqyheqGs ;s'kwus yxsp R;kpksjkyk vfHkopu fnys] eh rqyk [kfpr lkaxrks] rwa vkt etcjkscjlq[kyksdkr vl'khy** ¼ywd 23%39&43½-

R;kp fno'kh R;k iÜpkÙkkih pksjkyk lkoZdkfyd thoukph geh;s'kwus fnyh- dkj.k rks pksj ;ksX; O;DrhdMs & ;s'kwdMs oGyk vkf.kn;sph ;kpuk R;kus ;ksX; tkxh Eg.kts ;s'kw ej.k ikoyk R;kØwlktoG dsyh-

gks;] R;k nksu ej.kkÚ;k pksjkaiSdh ,dk pksjkph [kk=h iVyhgksrh dh ;s'kw loZLoh funksZ"k vkgs- iq<s ;s'kwP;k nksu f'k";kauhgh nksuxks"Vh /;kuh ?ksrY;k- R;kauh çkekf.kdi.ks lk{k fnyh dh ;s'kw funksZ"ko fu"iki gksrk- gs nksu f'k"; o çsf"kr ikSy ;kauh ;s'kw dlk fu"ikivkgs ;kph lk{k fnyh vkgs-

;s'kwpk vxnh toGpk fe= vlysyk is= mrkohG Eg.kwuifjphr gksrk- R;kP;k R;k LoHkkokyk lkts'kk Hkk"ksrp R;kus ;s'kwfunkZs"k vlY;kph lk{k fnyh vkgsrks Eg.krks ^R;kus iki dsysukgh* v'kh —rhe; Hkk"kk is= okijrks ¼1 is= 2%22½-

;ksgkulq)k ;s'kw'kh vxnh fuxMhr gksrk- rks R;kpk vxnhtoGpk fe= gksrk- ;s'kw tsOgk yksdkaP;k xnhZiklwu nwj vls rsOgk;ksgku R;kP;kdMs y{kiwoZd ikgkr vls- v'kk 'kkar o ckjhdikgk.khuarj ;ksgku ;s'kwcÌy Eg.krks] ^R;kP;k Bk;h iki uOgrs* ¼1;ksgku 3%5½-



ikSy ,d cqf)eku o ukoktysyk /keZiafMr gksrk- R;kusvkiY;k gq'kkjhus o Kkukus EgVys] ^^R;kyk iki BkÅd uOgrs**¼2 dfjaFk 5%21½- vFkkZr R;kr uoy okV.;klkj[ks dkgh ukgh-;s'kw fu"iki vkgs ;kcÌyP;k ;k lk{kh [kjks[kj y{k.kh; vkgsr-

ijarq dkgh yksdkauk gs Eg.k.ks iV.kkj ukgh- rs Eg.krhy] ^rksej.kkjk pksj fdaok is=] ;ksgku vkf.k ikSy ;kaP;k lk{kh oLrqfu"Bukghr- rks ej.kkjk pksj Hk;adj foFkjysyk gksrk vkf.k rs çsf"kr;s'kwfo"k;h vlysY;k R;kaP;k leiZ.kklaca/kh lk'kad gksrs**] Bhdvkgs] i.k rks jkseh lqHksnkj o iar; fiykr ;kaP;k lca/kh dk;\ rksrj fufÜprp ;s'kwpk fe= uOgrk- yksdleqnk; ;s'kwyk ej.knaMkphf'k{kk |koh vlk vkxzg /kjhr gksrk- rsOgk iar; fiykr Eg.kkyk]

^^ikgk T;k xks"Vhapk vkjksi rqEgh ákP;koj BsorkR;klaca/kh eh rqeP;kle{k ákph pkSd'kh dsY;koj eykák euq";kdMs dkghgh nks"k lkaiMyk ukgh** ¼ywd23%14½-nso tks firk] vkdk'kkrhy R;kP;k jkluko:u ts tkghj

djrks R;klaca/k ;k loZ ekuoh lk{khaph rqyuk d'kh djkoh cjs\,[kk|k tkghj lHkse/;s tsOgk ,[kknk oDrk Hkk"k.k djrks rsOgk R;kphvksG[k d:u ns.;kph çFkk vkgs- ;s'kw f[kzLrkP;k lsosiwohZ nsokusns[khy R;kP;k fç; iq=kph vksG[k d:u fnyh- vfr'k; Li"Vvkoktkr nsook.kh >kyh & ^gk ek>k iq= eyk ijefç; vkgs];ktfo"k;h eh larq"V vkgs* ¼eÙk; 3%17½-

nso fiR;kyk BkÅd gksrs dh ;s'kwus ;k txkr nsg/kkj.k d:uts thou txk;ps gksrs rs R;kP;k bPNsçek.ks gksrs- vki.k loZt.k

93

ikih vlY;keqGs nsokP;k xkSjokyk varjyks ¼jkse 3%23½- ijarq;s'kw ek= rlk uOgrk! rks loZn`"Vhus ifjiw.kZ gksrk- Eg.kwu ;s'kwusvkiY;k lsosph lq#okr dsyh rsOgk nsofiR;kus R;kph vksG[k d:ufnyh- rh R;kP;k ifo= fiR;kus d:u fnysyh vksG[k vkgs ¼;ksgku17%11½- R;kpk fç; iq= T;k i)rhus txyk R;kizrh R;kyk larks"kokVyk-

çHkq ;s'kw gk nsokis{kk fdafprgh deh ukgh gs vki.k iwohZikfgys vkgs- nsokus Lor%yk uez dsys o euq";nsg /kkj.k dsyk odqekfjdsP;k mnjh tUe ?ksryk gs foLe;dkjd vkgs- rjh ;s'kwvkiY;k fiR;kP;k bPNsçek.ks okxyk ulrk rj fiR;kyk d/khpvkuan okVyk ulrk- ;k txkr vlrkauk ;s'kw usgeh fiR;kP;kbPNsçek.ks okxyk vkf.k R;kus fiR;kyk usgeh larks"kp fnyk- ;s'kwP;kekuoh #ikrwu fiR;kps LoxhZ; o ifo= çxVhdj.k gksrs- R;kP;kçhrhph çfrrh ;k LokFkhZ] ikih vkf.k nq%[ke; txkr ;srs-

gks;] T;k ;s'kwus nso Eg.kwu i`Foh fuekZ.k dsyh R;kp i`Fohojrks euq"; Eg.kwu okojyk- ;s'kw nsokis{kk fdaphrgh deh uOgrk rjhekuo Lo#ikr R;kus nsokph euq";kus dls okxkos gh vis{kk 33o"ksZ Li"V dsyh- nsokus euq"; dlk vlkok gs ;s'kwP;k thoukrwuifjiw.kZi.ks nk[kowu fnys- i`Fohojhy R;kP;k thoukr ;s'kwus nk[kowufnys dh rks lnSo LoxhZ; fiR;klkBh gtj vkgs- R;keqGs Lor%P;kfç; iq=kdMs ikgrkuk nso usgeh larq"V gksrk- ;s'kw euq"; Eg.kwuifjiw.kZ thou txyk-

funksZ"k! fu"iki! ifjiw.kZ! ej.kkÚ;k R;k iÜpkrkih pksjkyk oiar; fiykrkyk ;s'kw funksZ"k o fu"iki vkgs gs fnlys- is=] ;ksgku



vkf.k ikSy ;kaP;k n`"Vhus ;s'kw fu"iki gksrk- LoxhZ; fiR;kP;k n`"Vhus;s'kw ifjiw.kZ gksrk- funksZ"k! fu"iki! ifjiw.kZ! rjh i.k rks ej.kikoyk- vkEgkojhy ve;kZn çsekLro rks ej.k ikoyk!

ve;kZn izhrhve;kZn izhrhve;kZn izhrhve;kZn izhrhve;kZn izhrhR;k ifgY;k mÙke 'kqØokjh ts yksd rsFkhy ân;ækod n`';

ikgkr gksrs R;kaP;ke/;s rqEgh mHks vkgkr v'kh dYiuk djk-ØwlkHkksorh yksd vokd gksÅu ikgkr gksrs- rs Hk;kud n`"; ikgkrvlrkauk rsFks ,d fojks/kkHkklgh fnlr gksrk-

;s'kwP;k nksUgh cktwyk nksu pksj o/kLraHkkoj Vkax.;kr vkysgksrs- rs euq";kleksj vkf.k fuekZ.kdR;kZ nsokleksj nks"kh gksrs-dk;|kçek.ks R;kauk e`R;qnaMkph f'k{kk xjtsph gksrh-

R;k nksu pksjkaP;ke/;s ;s'kw R;kP;k o/kLraHkkoj f[kGysykvkgs- ;s'kw dsoG euq";kaleksjp uOgs rj nsokleksjgh funksZ"k gksrk-ijarq rks R;kP;k ifo= fiR;kiq<s ifjiw.kZgh gksrk- gks;] ^nsof[kzzLrke/;s---* ¼2 dfjaFk 5%19½ fu"dyad o funksZ"k o/kLraHkkoj xsyk ¼1 is= 1%19½- nsokP;k vrho çsekLro ikI;kalkBhf[kzLr ej.k ikoyk-

;s'kw pksjkalkj[kkp ej.k ikoyk ukgh- ;s'kw R;kP;k fojks/kdkaukEg.kkyk] ^^eh vkiyk tho ijr ?ks.;kdjrka nsrks----eyk rksns.;kpk vf/kdkj vkgs o rks ijr ?ks.;kpkfg vf/kdkj vkgs*¼;ksgku 10%17]18½- vkiY;k çhrhph ifjlhek dso<h vkgs gsf'k";kauk lkaxrkauk ;s'kw Eg.kkyk] vkiY;k fe=kadfjrk vkiyk çk.k|kok ;kis{kk dks.kkph izhrh eksBh ukgh* ¼;ksgku 15%13½-

95

çHkqP;k e`R;wuarj o R;kP;k iqu#RFkkukuarj ikSykus EgVys]^T;kyk iki BkÅd uOgrs R;kyk R;kus rqeP;k vkeP;kdfjrk ikivls dsys ;klkBh dh vki.k R;kP;k Bk;h nsokus uhfreRo vlsOgkos* ¼2 dfjaFk 5%21½- ;s'kwP;k cyhnkukrhy lR; vusd 'krdkauarjvls 'kCnc) >kys %

izHkq] rwa ek>s uhfreÙo vkgsleh rj rq>s iki gksrksts ek>s rs rwa vkiysls dsysrq>s rs eyk eqDri.ks fnysrwa tlk uOgrkp eqGh rlk >kykdh eh tlk ukgh rlk Ogkos

xOgkpk nk.kkxOgkpk nk.kkxOgkpk nk.kkxOgkpk nk.kkxOgkpk nk.kkvkiY;k ej.kkph iw.kZ dYiuk ;s'kwyk gksrh Eg.kwup rks

f'k";kauk Eg.kkyk]^vkrk ek>k tho O;kdwG >kyk vkgs] eh dk; cksyw\gs ckik ;k ?kVdsiklwu ek>s j{k.k dj] ijarq eh;klkBhp ;k ?kVdsr vkyks vkgsgs ckik rwa vkiY;kukekps xkSjo dj- rsOgk v'kh vkdk'kok.kh >kyh dh ehrs xkSjfoys vkgs vkf.k iqUgkgh xkSjohu** ¼;ksgku12%27&28½-

i.k jkseh ljdkjP;k R;k Øwlkojhy vufUorNGkrwu nsokps xkSjo dls gksrs ;kfo"k;h rqEgkykvkÜp;Z okVr vlsy-



vkiY;k fiR;kyk çkFkZuk dj.;kvk/kh ;s'kwus f'k";kauk lkafxrysgksrs dh xOgkpk nk.kk esY;kf'kok; ihd nsÅ 'kdr ukgh-

^^eh rqEgkyk [kphr [kphr lkaxrks xOgkpk nk.kk tfeuhrwuiMwu esyk ukgh rj rks ,dVkp jkgrks vkf.k esyk rjcgqr ihd nsrks** ¼;ksgku 12%24½-;s'kw fu"iki gksrk R;keqGs e`R;w R;kP;koj d/khp ekr d:

'kdr uOgrk- rjh R;kus ej.k Lohdkjys- rqeP;k vkf.k ekÖ;k,sothR;kus e`R;w iRdjyk- R;k e`R;q}kjs rks vusdt.k rkjysys vlsfeGoh- Eg.kwup ;s'kw R;kph ;kstuk Li"V djrks o rkj.kkph[kk=hgh nsrks- rks Eg.krks &

^^eh fiR;kiklwu fu?kwu txkr vkyks vkgs] iqUgk txlksMwu fiR;kdMs tkr vkgs** ¼gh R;kph ;kstuk½( vkf.keh tkÅu rqEgklkBh tkxk r;kj dsyh Eg.kts iqUgk;sÅu rqEgkyk vkiY;ktoG ?ksbZu] ;klkBh dh tsFks ehvkgs rsFks rqEghfg vlkos** ¼gs R;kps vfHkou½- ¼;ksgku16%28( 14%3½gs vkÜp;Zdkjd vkgs- dnkfpr rs vfoÜoluh; vls

okVsy- rkj.kkÚ;k f[kzLrkP;k vlhe çsekph ekfgrh vlwugh dkght.kR;kP;k iki{kespk vOgsj djrhy- R;kP;k e`R;qlaca/kh dkght.kvfyIr jkgrhy- yksd R;kpk vOgsj djksr dh R;kdMs tk.khoiwoZdnqyZ{k djksr] lokZapk ifj.kke ,dp&lkoZdkfyd thoukl dk;epseqd.ks] lkoZdkfyd fçrhyk o lkoZdkfyd izdk'kkyk eqd.ks- ghvR;ar Hk;kud voLFkk v'kh 'kCnc) dsyh vkgs &

ej.k rj rqyk ejkosp ykxsy

97

,o<s Hk;adj ej.k ejkos ykxsyrs vlsy vuardkfyd ej.klrr ejr jkg'khy i.k ej.kkj ukghl-rjh ;s'k w f[k zLr rqeph ujdkrwu lqVdkrjh ;s'k w f[k zLr rqeph ujdkrwu lqVdkrjh ;s'k w f[k zLr rqeph ujdkrwu lqVdkrjh ;s'k w f[k zLr rqeph ujdkrwu lqVdkrjh ;s'k w f[k zLr rqeph ujdkrwu lqVdk

gksÅu rqEgh LoxkZr tkos ;klkBhp esyk ukghgksÅu rqEgh LoxkZr tkos ;klkBhp esyk ukghgksÅu rqEgh LoxkZr tkos ;klkBhp esyk ukghgksÅu rqEgh LoxkZr tkos ;klkBhp esyk ukghgksÅu rqEgh LoxkZr tkos ;klkBhp esyk ukghrj LoxkZrwu nso rqEgkl feGkok Eg.kwu esyk-rj LoxkZrwu nso rqEgkl feGkok Eg.kwu esyk-rj LoxkZrwu nso rqEgkl feGkok Eg.kwu esyk-rj LoxkZrwu nso rqEgkl feGkok Eg.kwu esyk-rj LoxkZrwu nso rqEgkl feGkok Eg.kwu esyk-

lkoZdkfyd thou Eg.kts eh dsoG LoxkZr fpjdky jkghu,o<sp uOgs- ifo= 'kkL= [kk=hnk;d lkaxrs dh vkrkps vkiysoSHkoh tx.ks Eg.kts lkoZdkfyd thoup vkgs-

^nsokus vkiY;kyk lkoZdkfyd thou fnys vkf.k gsthou R;kP;k iq=ke/;s vkgs- T;kyk rks iq= vkgsR;kyk thou vkgs] T;kyk nsokpk iq= ukgh R;kykthou ukgh* ¼1 ;ksgku 5%11]12½-lkoZdkfyd thou R;k O;Drhe/;s vkgs & çHkq ;s'kw f[kzLrke/

;s- tsOgk ;s'kw vkiY;k ân;kr ;srks rsOgk lkoZdkfyd thou R;k{k.kh lq: gksrs-

Qkj eksBs eksyQkj eksBs eksyQkj eksBs eksyQkj eksBs eksyQkj eksBs eksynsokph ifo=rk] U;k; vkf.k vlhe izhrh gh ;s'kw f[kzLrkP;k

o/kLraHkkoj ,doVyh vkgsr- rsFks nsokph ifo=rk çxVyh] R;kpkU;k; ;FkkFkZ Bjyk vkf.k rqeP;k vkf.k ekÖ;klkj[;k ikih yksdkaojnsokP;k fçrhpk o"kkZo >kyk- i.k R;klkBh R;kyk Qkj eksBs eksy|kos ykxys-

vkslokYM psaclZuh R;kaP;k ek; vVeksLV QkWj fgt gk;sLV*;k iqLrdkr ,d b'kkjk lq#okrhyk fnyk vkgs-



^nsokP;k fiR;kleku çsekph tk.kho Bsok- rks Eg.krks]^nso ,o<k çseG o —ikGw vkgs dh rks vkiY;kikikaph fufÜpr {kek djhy- uO;k djkjkr HkkoukaukFkkjk ukgh- dsoG ;s'kw f[zkLrkP;k o/kLraHkk}kjsp nsovkiY;k ikikaph {kek d:u vkiY;kyk R;kP;k toG?ksrks- o/kLraHkkf'kok; nqljk ekxZp ukgh- gs lR; vkEgkykmexys rjh vR;ar lk/;k&ljG foÜoklkeqGs vki.k{kek ikow 'kdrks vkf.k dnkfpr nsokus ;klkBh fdrheksBs eksy fnys gs fol:ugh tkrks-foyh gksYVP;k R;kxkcÌy vki.k vxksnj okpys vkgsp- ijarq

dkyojhP;k R;k VsdMhoj [kqÌ nsokus ts Hk;adj nq%[k vkiY;klkBhlgu dsys- rs dk.kkgh euq";kyk lgu dj.ks dsoG v'kD; vkgs-vkRE;kus HkjysY;k nsokP;k opukrwu Eg.ktsp ifo= 'kkL=krwu nsoiMnk lk:u R;kP;k çseG R;kxkps l—r n'kZu vkiY;kyk ?kMorks-rjhgh R;kP;k çsekph O;kIrh euq";kP;k cqf)lkeF;kZiyhdMhy vkgs-R;k çhrhpk fopkj dsyk rj [kjsp frph ykach] #anh] maph o [kksyh fdrhvkgs gs vteko.ks Qkj dBh.k vkgs-

vkiY;k ikikLro ;s'kwus o/kLraHkkoj ts nq%[kvkiY;k ikikLro ;s'kwus o/kLraHkkoj ts nq%[kvkiY;k ikikLro ;s'kwus o/kLraHkkoj ts nq%[kvkiY;k ikikLro ;s'kwus o/kLraHkkoj ts nq%[kvkiY;k ikikLro ;s'kwus o/kLraHkkoj ts nq%[klgu dsys rs rhu çdkjps vkgs-lgu dsys rs rhu çdkjps vkgs-lgu dsys rs rhu çdkjps vkgs-lgu dsys rs rhu çdkjps vkgs-lgu dsys rs rhu çdkjps vkgs-

o/kLraHkkoj ;s'kwps 'kjhj foa/kys xsys] o/kLraHkkoj ;s'kwph izhrhiw.kZrsl vkyh vkf.k o/kLraHkkoj ;s'kwpk vkiY;k çseG fiR;k'khvlysyk laca/k rqVyk & fiR;kps xkSjo] çdk'k o 'kakrh R;ktiklwunwj >kyh- ;s'kwus vkiY;klkBh o/kLraHkkoj ts lgu dsys R;kph iw.kZdYiuk vkiY;kyk d/khp djrk ;sr ukgh-

99

;s'kwus o/kLraHkkoj lgu dsyssys 'kkjhfjd nq%[k] ekufld nq%[kvkf.k vkfRed nq%[k ;kapk vki.k uO;kus fopkj d: o R;krwu R;kusvkEgk ikih yksdkaoj fdrh izhrh dsyh gs tk.kwu ?ksÅ-

'kkjhfjd nq%[k'kkjhfjd nq%[k'kkjhfjd nq%[k'kkjhfjd nq%[k'kkjhfjd nq%[k % ,d pqjxGysyk dkxnkpk cksGk QkMwu Vkd.ksvkf.k ,d vçfre] vfreksyoku fp=—fr QkMwu Vkd.ks ;kr fdrhQjd vkgs- rlsp ;s'kw f[zkLrkps ej.k vkf.k ,[kk|k lkekU;euq";kps ej.k ;kph rqyuk gksÅp 'kdr ukgh-

tqU;k djkjke/;s] 'kkjhfjd nq%[kHkksxkeqGs ;s'kwpk psgjk fdrhfo:i gksbZy ;kps Hkkfdr dsys vkgs] ^R;kpk psgjk euq";kalkj[kkuOgrk] R;kps Lo#i euq"; tkrhaP;klkj[ks uOgrs brdk rks fo:igksrk* ¼;'k;k 52%14½- R;kpk psgjk Bspyk xsyk gksrk o R;kykvksG[k.ks dBh.k >kys gksrs- ;s'kwus Lor%p ;klaca/kh EgVys]

^ikgk vki.k oj ;#'kysesl tkr vkgks] rsFks euq";kP;kiq=kyk eq[; ;ktd o 'kkL=h ákaP;k Lok/khu dj.;kr;sbZy- rs R;kyk nsgkarf'k{kk Bjorhy vkf.k ijjk"Vªh;kaP;kLok/khu dfjrhy- rs R;kph FkÍk djrhy] R;kP;kojFkqadrhy] R;kyk QVds ekjrhy o R;kpk tho ?ksrhy------** ¼ekdZ 10%33]34½-

vkf.k vxnh rlsp ?kMys! uarj T;k yksdkauh rs loZ çR;{kikfgys R;klaca/kh ekdZ vkiY;k 'kqHkorZekukr Eg.krks] ^^R;kauhR;kP;k eLrdkoj osrkus ekfjys] rs R;kP;koj Fkqadys vkf.k xqM?ksVsdwu R;kauh R;kyk ueu dsys- v'kh R;kph FkÍk dsY;koj R;kauhR;kP;k vaxkoj tkaHkGs oL= Vkdwu R;kps Lor%ps diMs R;kyk iqUgk



?kkrys vkf.k o/kLraHkkoj f[kG.;kdfjrk rs R;kyk ckgsj ?ksÅu xsys**¼ekdZ 15%19]20½-

T;k pkcdkus ;s'kwps 'kjhj QksMwu dk<ys R;k pkcdkP;kok|kauk yks[kaMh f[kGs vkf.k gkMs ykoysyh gksrh- R;k QVD;kauhR;kph ikB vkf.k Nkrh lksywu fu?kkyh gksrh- R;kP;k fpa/kMîkmMkY;k gksR;k- Lrks=ke/;s R;klaca/kh Hkkdhr dsys vkgs vkf.k elhgkEg.ksy &^^R;kauh ek>s gkrik; foaf/kys vkgsr] eyk vkiyh loZ gkMsaekstrk ;srkr] rs etdMs Vd ykowu ikgrkr** ¼Lrks= 22%16]17½-[kjks[kj lokZaxh ifjiw.kZ vlk çHkq vuar ;kruk Hkksxhr ej.kkP;kv/khu >kyk- R;kP;k mMkysY;k fpa/kMîkaeqGs rkseuq";klkj[kk fnlsuk- vxnh fo#i >kyk-

;ko:u nso rqeP;koj fdrh çse djrks ;kph rqEgkyk dYiuk>kyh dk;\ekufld nq%[k %ekufld nq%[k %ekufld nq%[k %ekufld nq%[k %ekufld nq%[k % vkiY;k çHkq ;s'kwP;k 'kkjhfjd nq%[k Hkksxkphrhozrk vkiY;k dYiusiyhdMph vkgs- rjhgh R;kP;k ,dw.k nq%[kkP;krh ,d ygkulk Hkkx vkgs- R;kP;k eukrhy Hk;adj nq%[kkpkR;kP;k 'kjhjko:u fnl.kkjk rks vYi Hkkx vkgs-

o/kLraHkkoj ;s'kwus vufUor v'kk ekufld ;kruk HkksxY;k-;ksgkukus R;k Hk;kud ?kVusph uksan vkiY;klkBh d:u Bsoyh vkgs-

^ijarq ;s'kwtoG vkY;koj rks e:u xsyk vkgs vlsikgwu R;kauh R;kps ik; eksfMys ukghr- rjh f'kik;karhy,dkus R;kP;k dq'khr Hkkyk Hkkslfdyk vkf.k ykxyspjDr o ik.kh ckgsj fu?kkys** ¼;ksgku 19%33]34½-oS|d'kkL=krhy rKkaP;k ers ;s'kwpk e`R; ân; QqVY;keqGs

101

>kyk gs ekÖ;k ,sd.;kr vkys vkgs- R;keqGs R;kP;k dq'khrwu jDro ik.kh fu?kkys- dkgh ân;fodkjkP;k rKkaps Eg.k.ks vkgs dh tsOgkân; QqVys rsOgk R;kP;k Hkksorh vlysY;k vkoj.kkr jDr o ik.khlkBrs- rls rs ;s'kwP;k ân;krgh ?kMys- R;keqGsp tsOgk f'kik;kus;s'kwP;k dq'khr Hkkyk Hkksldyk rsOgk jDr o ik.kh fu?kkys- ;s'kwf[kzLrkP;k e`R;qlaca/kh dsysY;k vusd vpwd Hkkfdrkaçek.ksp,dks.klÙkjkO;k Lrks=kr R;kP;k ân;ækod e`R;qlaca/kh lkafxrysvkgs & ^fuank gksr vlY;keqGs ek>s ân; HkXu >kys vkgs] ehvxnh cstkj >kyks* vkgs* ¼Lrks= 69%20½- vR;afrd ekufldnq%[kkeqGs ;s'kwps çseG ân; v{kj'k% HkXu >kys-

;s'kwP;k çseG ân;kr rs HkXu >kY;keqGs lxGîk ekuotkrhpsnq%[k lkekoys xsys- R;kP;k fu"dyad vkRE;ke/;ss & ikI;kiklwuvxnh vfyIr vlysY;k R;kP;k vkRE;kae/;s & dYiukgh djrk;s.kkj ukgh v'kh ujdkph lxGh ?kk.k ,doVyh xsyh vkf.k ;s'kwpsân; HkXu >kys o rks ej.k ikoyk ¼bczh 7%26½-

;ko:u] nsokph rqeP;koj dso<h izhrh vkgs gs rqEgkykletys dk;\vkfRed nq%[k %vkfRed nq%[k %vkfRed nq%[k %vkfRed nq%[k %vkfRed nq%[k % vusd yksd ;s'kwps 'kkjhfjd o ekufld nq%[kletw 'kdrhy ijarq ;s'kwps vkfRed nq%[k let.ks vo?kM vkgs-;s'kwps lokZr eksBs nq%[k Eg.kts fiR;kph lkoZdkfyd le{krrk R;kyknqjkoyh- ifo= vkRek o R;kPkk lac/ak rqVyk- gs nq%[k R;kP;klgu'kDrh ifydMps gksrs-

rhu rkl loZ= va/kkj iljyk & nqikjh 12 rs 3 oktsi;ZarloZ= va/kkj iljyk- rsOgk nso tks firk o nso tks ifo= vkRek



;kauh ;s'kwpk R;kx dsyk- R;kosGh ;s'kw & nso tks iq= & vkjksGhek:u vkrZi.ks Eg.kkyk& ^^ekÖ;k nsok] ekÖ;k nsok rw ek>k R;kxdka dsyk\** ¼eRr; 27%46½-

R;k Hk;kud fno'kh nsokps «;SD; Hkax ikoys- vo.kZuh;çdk'k va/kkjyk- rqeP;k vkf.k ekÖ;k ikrdkeqGsp rs lkoZdkfyD;«;SD; Hkaxys- tsOgk ;s'kw o/kLraHkkoj f[kGysyk gksrk rsOgk nsokph R;kikik'kh lgHkkfxrk gks.ks v'kD; gksrs- ;s'kwps fu"dyad 'kjhj o/kLraHkkoj ikie; >kys- dkj.k ^^T;kyk iki BkÅd uOgrs R;kykR;kus rqeP;k vkeP;kdfjrk iki vls dsys----** ¼2 dfjaFk5%21½-

Eg.kwu] tsOgk ;s'kw ej.k ikoyk rsOgk] txkP;k Hk;kudikrdkpk ifj.kke Eg.kwu rhu rkl loZ= va/kkj iljyk gksrk-

rstkse; lw;Z dlk va/kkjkr nMyk

rstLoh çdk'kp can iMyk;s'kw] foÜokpk fuekZ.kdrkZ ej.k ikoykfufeZrhP;k ikigj.kklkBh fuekZrk esyk-

,>Wd okWV~l ¼1674&1748½-^nso çdk'k vkgs vkf.k R;kP;k Bk;h va/kkj eqGhp ukgh* ¼1

;ksgku 1%5½- nsokP;k ikfo«;kpk çdk'k vkf.k ekuokP;k ikikpkva/kkj ;kaph Hkkxh d/khp gksÅ 'kdr ukgh- çdk'kkr >ksr iMY;kcjkscjva/kkj ukghlk gksrks vkf.k çdk'k >ksr laiyk dh iqUgk va/kkjgksrks- gjoysY;k ekuotkrhps iki ;s'kwus LohdkjY;keqGs va/kkjiljyk-

103

nsokP;k fçrhpk lk{kkr çdk'k ts ukdkjrkr R;kauk lkoZdkfydva/kkjkrp jkgkos ykxsy- e/;jk=hgwu xMn va/kkj] va/kkj dksBMhrhy,dkarkgwu Hk;kog ,dkar] dkGkgwu dkGkrhy vlk ,dkar Eg.ktsrks lkoZdkfyd Hk;kog va/kkj] ^^U;k;kpk fuokMk gkp vkgs dhtxkr çdk'k vkyk vkgs vkf.k euq";kauh çdk'kkis{kk va/kkjkphvkoM /kfjyh] dkj.k R;kaph desZ nq"V gksrh* ¼;ksgku3%19½- ;s'kwdMs ikB dj.ks Eg.kts va/kkj vkf.k e`R;q ;kaukdoVkG.ks gks;- e`R;q Eg.kts vkfRed e`R;q vkf.k lkoZdkfyd e`R;q-;s'kwdMs oG.ks Eg.kts thoukyk & vfouk'kh thoukyk] vkfRedthoukyk doVkG.ks gks;-

fotsR;kph vkjk sGhfotsR;kph vkjk sGhfotsR;kph vkjk sGhfotsR;kph vkjk sGhfotsR;kph vkjk sGhR;k rhu rklkaP;k mnkl va/kkjkrwu ,d pkaxyh ?kVuk- ;s'kw

=klhdi.ks vls Eg.kkyk ukgh & ^vkrk eh laiyks* rj rksvkuankfr'k;kus] R;kps m)kjdk;Z iw.kZ >kY;kuarj fpRdkjyk &^^iw.kZ>kys** gk R;kpk fot;ksn~xkj vkgs- ¼;ksgku 19%30½

R;kus rqeP;k vkf.k ekÖ;k ikikpk ekscnykR;kus rqeP;k vkf.k ekÖ;k ikikpk ekscnykR;kus rqeP;k vkf.k ekÖ;k ikikpk ekscnykR;kus rqeP;k vkf.k ekÖ;k ikikpk ekscnykR;kus rqeP;k vkf.k ekÖ;k ikikpk ekscnykiw.kZi.ks fnyk- iw.kZ >kys!iw.kZi.ks fnyk- iw.kZ >kys!iw.kZi.ks fnyk- iw.kZ >kys!iw.kZi.ks fnyk- iw.kZ >kys!iw.kZi.ks fnyk- iw.kZ >kys!

R;kps m)kjdk;Z iw.kZ >kys- vkrk nsofiR;kph lgHkkfxrkçdk'k#ikus iqUgk çxVyh- va/kkj ljyk- çdk'k iqUgk vokjyk-vfouk'kh lgHkkfxrk iqUgk lq: >kyh ¼;ksgku 17%5½- vkrkvkeP;k ikikpk ekscnyk vkEgh pqdfo.;kph xjt mjyh ukgh-;s'kwus lSrkukpk iw.kZ fceksM dsyk- liZ:ih lSrkukps nkr dk;psm[kMwu dk<ys- R;kph ukaxh eksMyh-



ej.kkus ej.kkP;k vf/kirhl ftadysej.kkus ej.kkP;k vf/kirhl ftadysej.kkus ej.kkP;k vf/kirhl ftadysej.kkus ej.kkP;k vf/kirhl ftadysej.kkus ej.kkP;k vf/kirhl ftadysrqeP;k vkf.k ekÖ;k ikikpk ekscnyk ns.;klkBhp nsokus

euq";#i /kkj.k dsys vls ukghrj ^^----rksfg R;kaP;klkj[;kjDrekalkpk >kyk ;klkBh dh ej.kkoj /kuhi.kk dj.kkjk Eg.ktslSrku ;kyk vkiY;k ej.kkus ukghls djkos** ¼bczh- 2%14½-

nkfonkus xY;kFkkP;k rjokjhusp xY;kFkkpk o/k dsyk] rlsp;s'kwus lSrkukps 'kL= Eg.kts ej.k oki:u lSrkukpk ijkHko dsyk-;s'kw gkp loZ L=h iq#"kkapk m)kjdrkZ vkgs- rksp [kjk eqfDrnkrkvkgs- vuardkfyd ej.kkiklwu yksdkauk eqDr dj.kkjk ;s'kwpvkgs- vkfRed va/kkjkrwu euq";kyk eqDr dj.kkjk rks ;s'kwp vkgs-nsokus euq"; R;kP;k çfresr fuekZ.k dsyk vkf.k lSrkukus euq";kykvkfRed ca/kukus t[kMwu Vkdys- rsp ca/ku ;s'kwus rksMwu Vkdys-

;s'kw vkiY;klkj[kk jDrkekalkpk gksrk rsOgkp R;kus lSrkukpkijkt; dsyk- R;kus e`R;qoj ekr dsyh o R;kps xkSjoh iqu#RFkku>kys- ex R;kps LoxkZjksg.k >kys- ^çeq[k ;ktd >kysyk ;s'kwvxzxkeh vlk vkiY;kdfjrk vkr xsyk ¼bczh 6%20½ izeq[k euq";& funksZ"k fu"dyad o fu"iki & vlk LoxkZr xsyk- o/kLraHkkojhy ej.kk}kjs ;s'kwus vkiY;klkBh LoxkZps nkj m?kMys-

pkyZl osLyh aph iw.k Z [kk=h >kyh gk srh dhR;kaP;koj nsokph vfr'k; izhrh gksrh] vkf.k Eg.kwuprs Eg.kkys] ^^vk'p;Zdkjd izhrh] ekÖ;k nsok rw aekÖ;klkBh ej.k ikoykl gs dls 'kD; >kys\**

vkrk f[kzLr iqUgk mByk vkgs!vkrk f[kzLr iqUgk mByk vkgs!vkrk f[kzLr iqUgk mByk vkgs!vkrk f[kzLr iqUgk mByk vkgs!vkrk f[kzLr iqUgk mByk vkgs!^^rjh i.k f[kzLr egkfuæk ?ksrysY;krys çFke QG

105

vlk esysY;krwu mBfoyk xsyk vkgs- euq";kP;k}kjsej.k vkys Eg.kwu euq";kP;k}kjs esysY;kaps iqu#RFkkufgvkgs** ¼1 dfjaFk 15%20&21½-MkW- lWXLVj gs vR;ar çHkkoh oDrs gksrs- vkiY;k vR;ar

jlkG ok.khus rs vkiyk rkj.kkjk m)kjd ;s'kw f[kzLr ;kcÌy cksyrvlr- ijarq nqnSZokus R;kauk rksaMkpk ddZjksx >kyk o e`R;qiwohZ R;kaukcksyrk ;sbZuk- ej.;kiwohZ R;kauh R;kaP;k eqyhyk [kq.ksus dkxn&isfUlyvk.kko;kl lkafxrys- bZLVjP;k jfookjh ldkGh R;kauh R;k dkxnkojfyfgys] thHk ulwu ^f[kzLr mByk vkgs* vls vksjMwu lkax.;kpheukr rhoz bPNk vl.ks pkaxys] thHk vlrk f[kzLr iqu#fRFkr >kykvkgs v'kh vksjM.;kph bPNk eukr ul.ks dk; mi;ksxkps !**

vxzhik jktkleksj çsf"kr ikSy Lor%ps] R;kP;kojhy vkjksikaps[kaM.k dj.;klkBh mHkk jkfgyk rsOgk R;kus lokZaps y{k ;s'kwP;kHk;adj nq%[klgukdMs vkf.k iqu#RFkkukdMs os/kys- ^R;k v'kkf[kzLrkus nq%[k lksl.kkjs vlkos vkf.k esysY;krwu mB.kkÚ;kaiSdhifgys vlwu R;ku vkeP;k yksdkal o fons'kh yksdkal çdk'k çdVdjkok** ¼çs- —- 26%23½

;s'kwP;k iqu#RFkkuk vxksnj] dkgh yksd ej.kke/kwu mBY;kpkmYys[k uO;k djkjkr vkgs- yktkjl] ;kbZjkph dU;k] fo/kospkeqyxk gs ej.kkrwu mBys gksrs- ;s'kwus R;kauk ej.kke/kwu mBfo.;kpkpeRdkj dsyk rjh uarj dkgh fnolkauh rs iqUgk ej.k ikoys- ijarqvkiY;k çHkq ;s'kw f[kzLrklac/akh rls >kys ukgh- rks vktgh dsoGnSfgdfjR;k ftoar ukgh rj vkfRedfjR;k lkoZdkfydi.ks ftoarvkgs- e`R;we/kwu mB.kkjk rksp ,deso ifgyk vkgs!



thoukP;k mRi™kdR;kZyk dcj d/kh dqtw nsbZy dk;\ ;s'kwf[zkLr gk fuekZ.kdrkZ nso vkgs Eg.kwup R;kus 'kwU;krwu thoufuekZ.k dsys- ,d iw.kZ euq"; Eg.kwu ;s'kw rkj.kkjk nso vkgs o R;kusdcjsoj ekr dsyh o rks ftoar >kyk- ts yksd R;kP;koj foÜoklBsorkr R;kauk R;kus LoxkZP;k okVsoj vk.kys vkgsrks R;kaukvfHkopu nsr vkgs &

^^rjh nso n;k/ku vkgs Eg.kwu vki.k vkiY;kvijk/kkaeqGs e`r >kyks vlrkafg R;kaus vkiY;kojhyLor%P;k ijeçsekeqGs f[kzLrkcjkscj vkiY;kyk ftoardsys ¼rqeps rkj.k —isus >kys vkgs½] f[kzLr ;s'kwe/;sR;kP;klg mBfoys vkf.k R;kP;k lg LoxZyksdh clfoys**¼bfQl 2%4&6½-dfjaFk ;sFkhy foÜokl.kkÚ;kauk fyfgysY;k i=kr ikSy R;kauk

vkBo.k d:u nsrks R;kauh f[kzLrkpk Lohdkj dsyk o R;keqGs ikikP;kifj.kkekiklwu rs eqDr >kys- R;kaP;k foÜoklkus rs rkjys xsys ^/keZ'kkL=kçek.ks f[kzLr rqeP;k vkeP;k ikikacÌy ej.k ikoyk rksiqjyk xsyk] /keZ'kkL=kçek.ks frlÚ;k fno'kh mBfoyk xsyk* ¼1 dfjaFk15%3]4½- vkt çR;sd foÜokl.kkjk R;k oSHkoh ?kVusph lk{k nsrks& ^f[kzLr ekÖ;k ikikcÌy ej.k ikoyk o iqUgk mByk vkf.kR;kP;ke/;s eyk uothou feGkys vkgs-*

ifgY;k fnolkiklwu frlÚ;k fnolki;ZarifgY;k fnolkiklwu frlÚ;k fnolki;ZarifgY;k fnolkiklwu frlÚ;k fnolki;ZarifgY;k fnolkiklwu frlÚ;k fnolki;ZarifgY;k fnolkiklwu frlÚ;k fnolki;Zar^;s'kw f[kzLr ej.k ikoyk vkf.k frlÚ;k fno'kh iqUgk mByk-

ex brds fnol rks dk; djhr gksrk\* ;klaca/kh rqEgh vkÜp;Zdjhr vlky- ijarq nsokus rqeP;k ;k 'kadsps mÙkj fnys vkgs %

107

^^R;kus vkjksg.k dsys** áko:u rks i`FohP;k v/kksyksdhmrjyk- ákis{kk nqljs dk; letkos\ tks [kkyh mrjykgksrk R;kusp loZdkgh Hk:u Vkd.;kP;k mÌs'kkus loksZPpLoxkZoj vkjksg.k dsys** ¼bfQl 4%9]10½-gks;] ifo= 'kkL= vkiY;kyk lkaxrs dh çHkq ;s'kw f[kzLr

LoxkZr p<wu tk.;kiwohZ v/kksyksdkr mrjyk gksrk- R;kuarj] tqU;kdjkjke/khy ts lar gksrs ¼o ts foÜoklkr esys gksrs½ R;kauk R;kuseksBîk fot;kus Lor%cjkscj usys- vkt ns[khy çR;sd [kÚ;kfoÜokl.kkÚ;kyk lq[kn vkÜoklu ns.;kr vkys vkgs dh R;kapk e`R;qEg.kts xkSjokdMs tk.;kps }kj vkgs- ;s'kw f[kzLrkus vkiY;k orhus'kkjhfjd vkf.k vkfRed e`R;qoj ekr dsyh vkgs gs [kjsp uoyvkgs-

^vjs ej.kk] rq>k fot; dksBs\ vjs ej.kk rq>h ukaxhdksBs\ ej.kkph ukaxh iki] vkf.k ikikps cG fu;e'kkL=vkgs- ijarq tks nso vkiY;k çHkq ;s'kw f[kzLrkP;k}kjsvki.kkyk t; nsrks R;kph Lrqfr vlks**

¼1 dfjaFk 15%55&57½-

iqjo.kh & R;kP;k izhrhpk okjlkgDdiqjo.kh & R;kP;k izhrhpk okjlkgDdiqjo.kh & R;kP;k izhrhpk okjlkgDdiqjo.kh & R;kP;k izhrhpk okjlkgDdiqjo.kh & R;kP;k izhrhpk okjlkgDdçHkq ;s'kw f[kzLrkus vkiY;klkBh LoxkZps }kj m?kMys vkf.k

R;kP;klg vki.k LoxkZr tk.kkj gs [kjsp vkÜp;Zdkjd vkgs-;s'kwus R;kP;k eR;wiwohZ vkiY;kojhy çsekLro R;kus vkiY;klkBh

ifo= vkRek ikBowu ns.;klaca/kh vkÜoklu fnys- rks vkiY;kf'k";kauk Eg.kkyk %



^^tks ekÖ;koj foÜokl Bsforks R;kP;krwu] 'kkL=krlkafxrY;kçek.ks ftoar ik.;kP;k u|k okgrhy- T;kauhR;kP;koj foÜokl Bsoyk R;kauk tks vkRek feG.kkjgksrk] R;kP;kfo"k;h R;kus gs EgVys] rksi;Zar vkRekfnysyk uOgrk dkj.k ;s'kwpk rksi;Zar xkSjo >kyk uOgrk-** ¼;ksgku 7%38&39½^ijarq T;kus eyk ikBfoys R;kP;kdMs eh vkrk tkrks----eh fiR;kyk fouarh djhu ex rks rqEgkyk nqljkdSokjh Eg.kts lR;kpk vkRek nsbZy----eh tkos gsrqeP;k fgrkps vkgs] dkj.k eh u xsyks rj dSokjhrqeP;kdMs ;s.kkjp ukgh] eh xsyks rj R;kyk rqeP;kdMsikBohu --- rks ek>s xkSjo djhy** ¼;ksgku 16%5(14%16] 17( 16%7]14½-vkiY;k iq=kP;k ej.kke/;s nsofiR;kps xkSjo dls >kys gs

vki.k vxksnj ikfgysp vkgs- vkrk rqEgh vk.k[kh ,d ç'ufopkjky % ^rqeP;k&ekÖ;kdMs ifo= vkREkk ikBfoY;keqGs ;s'kwpsxkSjo dls gksbZy\**

nsokph izhrh çR;sd foÜokl.kkÚ;kP;k thoukr lrr okgkrjkgkrs- ;ko:u dkgh va'kh rjh vkiY;kyk letsy dh R;keqGs;s'kwps xkSjo gksr vkgs- vki.k okprks dh] ^^-----vkiY;kykfnysY;k ifo= vkRE;kP;k}kjs vkiY;k var%dj.kkr nsokP;k çhrhpko"kkZo >kyk vkgs** ¼jkse 5%5½- ifo= vkRE;keqGs nsokP;k çhrhpklk{kkRdkj vkEgkyk Qkj eksBîk çek.kkr gksr vlrks- ;s'kwus o/kLraHkkoj iw.kZ dsysY;k dk;kZoj vki.k foÜokl Bsorks vkf.k ifo=

109

vkRE;k}kjs rqEgh brj yksdkaoj izhrh djky o R;kaP;ki;Zar f[kzLrkphpizhrh iksgapsy! vkÜp;Zp vkgs uk!

;s'kw rqeP;k ikikcÌy ej.k ikoyk gs tk.kwu R;kcÌy R;kpsvkHkkj eku.ks Eg.ktsp nsokus rqeP;k ikrdkaph {kek dsyh orqEgkoj izhrh dsyh ;kpk lq[kn vuqHko ?ks.ks gks;-

ex ;s'kwyk rqeP;k thoukr ;ksX; rs LFkku ns.ks Eg.ktsp rqEghR;kph izhrh vHkkoh yksdkai;Zr iksgapfo.;kps mÙke lk/ku cu.ks-

,dk vfr'k; gq'kkj teZu rRoKkukyk ,d ç'u fopkj.;krvkyk- ^nsokfo"k;h rqeps useds dk; er vkgs\* R;kus ygkueqykaP;k xhrkrhy vksGh mÙkjknk[ky nsr EgVys]

^^;s'kqph izhrh irhrkojh'kkL=kr of.kZyh ikgk [kjh**[kjsp nso ekÖ;koj izhrh djrks- rks rqeP;koj

lq)k Qkj izhrh djrks-çsekiksVh rkj.kkph ;kstuk vk[k.;kr vkyh-—isusp rkj.k ekuokr vorjysdkyojhoj nsokus egku n`'; ikfgys!—ik vkf.k n;k ;kapk vks?k okfgykikrdkaph ekÖ;k fdrh {kek >kyh[kpysys ek>s eu çQqy >kysdkyojhoj ekÖ;k thokyk Lokar«; o thou feGkys-



bjkde/kwu vkysys ,d i=bjkde/kwu vkysys ,d i=bjkde/kwu vkysys ,d i=bjkde/kwu vkysys ,d i=bjkde/kwu vkysys ,d i=

^^eh ,dk eqLyhe dqVqackr gksrs- nqok dj.ks o jksts Bso.kseyk ekÖ;k ?kjkrhy yksdkauh f'kdfoys- eqLyhe i)rhçek.ks ehcqj[kk ika?kjr vls dkj.k ekÖ;kdMs ikgwu dks.kkP;k eukr ikimn~Hkow u;s-

R;keqGs ek>k lxGk osG fjdkekp tkr vls- Eg.kwu ehjsMhvksojhy dk;ZØe ,sdw ykxys- eyk ifo= 'kkL=koj vusd lans'k,sdko;kl feGkys- ,dnk ekÖ;k ofguhtoG eh [kwi lqanj lqanjfLVdlZ cf?krys- ex eh ek>s ifgys i= rqEgkyk ikBfoys rs ekÖ;kofg.khP;k iR;ko:u- ex rqEgh eyk mÙkj ikBfoys o R;klkscr^rqepk nsokpk 'kks/k* gs iqLrdgh ikBfoys-

nsokpk 'kks/k Eg.kts dk; gs eh let.;kpk ç;Ru dsyk 7 O;kçdj.kkr ,d ç'u vkgs % ^[kjks[kj nso etoj izhrh djrks dk\*,d ifjPNsn okpwu eh FkksMkosG Fkkacys- R;kr fyfgys vkgs% ^nsokusrqÖ;koj fdrh izhrh dsyh gs R;kus R;k Øwlkoj nk[kowu fnys- ØwlkPkkvFkZ rqyk mexyk Eg.kts nso rqÖ;koj [kjsp çse djrks ;kcÌydqBY;k iqjkO;kph xjt ukgh-**

gs çdj.k eh 100 gwu vf/kd osGk okpys- ex ek>h iw.kZ[kk=h >kyh dh Øwlkf'kok; eyk nqljk ekxZp ukgh-

VªkUl oYMZ jsfMvkso:u çl`r-

111

fopkj djk

1- rqEgh nqlÚ;kaoj izhrh djrk gs fl) dj.;kpkmÙke ekxZ dks.krk\

eq[kk}kjs\d`rh}kjss\

2- nsokus rqEgkojhy izhrh d'kh fl) dsyh\

3- nsokP;k çhrhyk rqEgh O;fDr'k% dlk çfrlkn|ky\


vkWijs'kuP;k [kksyhe/;s] loZ bysDVªkWfud okrkoj.kkr'kL=fØ;k dj.kkÚ;k MkWDVjyk ,d xks"V letrs ^jDrEg.kts thou*- rs ,desdkaiklwu vyx djrk ;sr ukgh-

R;krhy ,d tjh laiys rjh nksUgh laiwup tkrkr-

MkW-ikWy cz¡M

eyk thou dksBs ykHksy\

e/;jk= >kyh gksrh- vBjk rklkapk rkink;d jsYospk çokld:u vkEgh Eg.kts eh] ek>h iRuh vkf.k brj çoklh vkrkiWjhle/khy lsaV yk>kj ;k jsYos LFkkudkoj iksgapyks- jsYos LVs'kuojvkEgh jsYos vf/kdkÚ;kph okV ikgkr Fkkacyks- rks vkyk dh vkephfrdhVs riklwu vkEgkyk iq<hy çoklklkBh tkÅ ns.kkj gksrk-

vkeP;k vklikl vusd r#.k gksrs- eh vkf.k MkWjFkh R;kaP;krfelGyks rsOgk vkEgkyk vls okVys dh ;qjksie/khy çR;sd ns'k R;kr#.kka}kjs çfrfuf/kRo djhr gksrk- dkgh r#.k r#.kh Mqydh ?ksr gksrs-MksD;k[kkyh R;kauh m'kh Eg.kwu R;kaP;k fi'kO;k ?ksrY;k gksR;k- dkght.kR;kaps j{k.k dj.;klkBh R;kaP;k cktwyk mHks gksrs- mH;k mH;kp rs'khris;s ihr gksrs- dkght.k l¡Mohp [kkr gksrs-

;k r#.kkacjkscj vkepk gkL;fouksn pkyyk gsrk- rs r#.kvxnh mRlkgh gksrs- rjh R;kauk thoukph usedh fn'kk lkiMyhuOgrh- frpk 'kks/k rs djhr gksrs- ljrs 'ksoVh eh vkf.k MkWjFkhcjkscjçokl djhr vlysY;k vkiY;k çHkq ;s'kw f[kzLrkdMs vkEgh oGykso R;kP;klaca/kh cksyw ykxyks-

vkePks cksy.ks pkyw vlrkuk dkgh r#.kkauh ;s'kwdMs oG.;kpho [kjs thou çkIr d:u ?ks.;kph bPNk çnf'kZr dsyh- R;kauk okVys


113


dh rs ^[kjs* thou iq<P;k 'kgjkr feGsy- dkghauk okVys dh uosfe= feGkys dh rs [kjs* thou R;kauk feGsy- rj dkghauk okVys dhe| vkf.k eknd æO;s feGkys dh ^[kjs* thou feGsy- dkghaukR;krwu mn~Hko.kkÚ;k xaHkhj vktkjkph fpark gksrh-

vkfÝdsrhy [ksMîkae/;s rs v'kk vktkjkyk gMdqGîk ek.klkpkvktkj* Eg.krkr- oS|d'kkL=kr R;kyk ,p~vk;Ogh ikW>hVho Eg.krkr-,[kk|k eqykr] eqyhr fdaok çkS<kr R;kpk çknqHkkZo >kyk Eg.kts R;kyk^,M~l* Eg.krkr- R;k vktkjkph pkgwy ykx.ks Eg.kts eR;wp! txke/;s loZ yksdkauk BkÅd vkgs dh jDr nqf"kr >kys Eg.kts ,M~l gksrks-okLrfod jDr Eg.kts thou- i.k tsOgk rs nqf"kr gksrs rsOgk thoulairs o eR;q >Mi ?kkyrks- jDr gs thoukpk çokg vkgs- i.kjDrnks"kkps d.g.ks Eg.kts e`R;qyk vkea=.kp-

;klaca/kh ekÖ;kgh eukp Hkhfr gksrh- Eg.kwup yaMue/khy,dk nok[kkU;kr ,d eksBh 'kL=fØ;k ikg.;kps fuea=.k eh /kS;kZusLohdkjys- rsFkhy xWyjhr mHks jkgwu eh [kkyh ikgkr gksrks-'kL=fØ;k lq: >kyh- tsOgk lqjhus R;k #X.kkP;k dkrMhoj Nsn?ksryk rsOgk rj eyk HkksoGp vkyh- 'kstkjhp ek>k ,d MkWDVjfe= mHkk gksrk- ?kkekus McMcysyh vkf.k fHkrhus xkaxjysyh ek>hvoLFkk ikgwu R;kus eyk EgVys dh eyk tj rs vlgî gksrvlsy rj eh rs ikgw u;s o nwj tkos- {k.kkpkgh foyac u ykorkeh rsFkwu lVdyks!

jDr ikgwu dkgh t.k ?kkcjrkr- i.k gsp jDr #X.kkalkBhthounku Bjrs- R;kauk jDriqjoBk dj.;kr ;srks- vkt oS|d'kkL=[kwi çxr >kys vkgs- xaHkhj vktkjkus xzLr #X.kkyk fdaok e`R;qP;kiaFkkl ykxysY;k euq";kyk] fujksxh euq";kP;k 'kjhjkrhy jDr fnys

115

tkrs o rks jksxh cjk gksrks- thoukpk çokg jDriqjoBîkeqGs iqUgklq: gksrks-

jDrklaca/khps la'kks/ku gks.;kiwohZ o R;kekxhy xw< mdy.;kiwohZpnsokus Qkj iwohZp lkafxrys ^^thou rj jDrkr vlrs** ¼ysoh;17%11½- MkW- ikWy cz¡M Eg.krkr dh ^thoukps lRo Eg.kts jDr-* vkWijs'kuP;k [kksyhe/;s] loZ bysDVªkWfuDl okrkoj.kke/;s 'kL=fØ;kdj.kkÚ;k MkWDVjyk ,d xks"V letrs dh jDr Eg.kts thou- rs,desdkaiklwu vyx djrk ;sr ukgh- R;krhy ,d tjh laiys rjhnksUgh laiwup tkrkr-**

,pvk;Oghpk lalxZ laidkZ}kjs gksrks o jDr nqf"kr gksrs gstjh vusdkauk ekghr vlys rjh ,d txn~O;kih ^vktkjk* cÌyvusdt.k vtk.k vkgsr- nsokus ^^,dkiklwu ¼,dp jDrkiklwu½ek.klkaph loZ jk"Vªs fuekZ.k d:u---vkf.k R;kaps useysys le; oR;kaP;k oLrhP;k lhek R;kus BjfoY;k vkgsr** ¼çs-—-17%26½- ákv?kksjh v'kk jDrnks"kkeqGs loZ euq";tkr /kksD;kr vkyh- ifo='kkL=ke/;s ;k nks"kkps ewG vknkeke/;s vkgs vls nk[koys vkgs-vknkep loZ euq";kapk ewG iq#"k vkgs-

ewG iq#"kp vknke ;kus iki dsys ¼1 dfjaFk 15%45½ vkf.kR;keqGs euq";kP;k iq<hy loZ fi<îk] ex R;k dks.kR;kgh oa'kkP;k]jaxkP;k ok fBdk.kkP;k vlksr] loZp e`R;qnaMkl ik= BjY;k-ifo= 'kkL= Li"Vi.ks Eg.krs] ^^vknkekr loZ ejrkr** ¼1 dfjaFk15%22½- jDrnks"kkeqGs ,M~l lkj[kk e`R;qçn us.kkjk jksx tMrks-rlsp ikikpk vR;ar Hkh"k.k ifj.kke Eg.kwu e`R;q gk fi<îku~ fi<îkpkyw vkgs- tj ikip ulrs rj loZ euq";s FksV LoxkZr xsysvlrs- vktkj o e`R;q ;kaPks FkSeku R;kaP;k thoukr vkysp ulrs-ijarq rls dkgh ?kMys ukgh-



ijarq ;s'kw}kjs] euq";ek=ke/;s thoukpk] jDrkpk >jk lq:>kyk ;kcÌy vki.k nsokps vkHkkj ekuys ikfgtsr- gs lxGs vls?kMys- xWczh,y nsonwrkus ejh;syk n'kZu fnys o fryk lkafxrys dh rhxjksnj gksbZy iq= çlosy vkf.k R;kps uko ;s'kw gs vlsy- dqekjhejh;sP;k mnjh gk xHkZ dlk jkghy gs gh nsonwrkus lkafxrys]

^^ifo= vkRek rqÖ;koj ;sbZy vkf.k ijkRijkps lkeF;ZrqÖ;koj Nk;k djhy] ák dkj.kkus T;kpk tUe gksbZy]R;kyk ifo=] nsokpk iq= vls Eg.krhy** ¼ywd 1%35½-

tsOgk ifo= vkRE;kps cht o ,dk L=hps cht ;kapk la;ksx>kyk rsOgk peRdkj ?kMyk- v'kk vkÜp;Zdkjd jhrhus nsokpsthou ekuokae/;s vorh.kZ >kys- ejh;sP;k mnjkr rks xHkZ ok<rxsyk] R;k xHkkZr jDrfHklj.k pkyw >kys rsOgk rs jDr vR;ar 'kq)o funksZ"k vls gksrs- gks;] çHkq ;s'kwps jDr Eg.kts lk{kkr thoup!*

* MkW- ,e-vkj-Mh- gku ;kauh R;kaP;k ^jDrkps jlk;u'kkL=* ¼n dsfeLVªh vkWQ

CyM½ ;k iqLrdkr jDrkP;k fofo/k dk;kZlaca/kh fyfgys vkgs- rs Eg.krkr]^^vkbZP;k xHkkZ'k;kr vR;ar xqIri.ks xHkkZph ok< frP;k jDriqjoBîkeqGs gksrvlrs- ijarq xHkkZe/;s fuekZ.k gksr vlysys jDr ek= rks xHkZp fuekZ.k djhrvlrks- xHkZ/kkj.ksiklwu rs xHkZo)h gksrs rksoj vkbZP;k jDrkpk ,d Fksacgh R;kxHkkZr tkr ulrks-** ;klac/kh MkW- dksyeu R;kaP;k ^^jDrkr fyfgys** ¼fjVubu CyM½ ;k iqLrdkr Eg.krkr] ^R;kaps ¼MkW- Mhgkups½ Eg.k.ks eh ukdkjr ukgh-¼MkW- Mhgkups Eg.k.ks vls dh ekuoh xHkkZrhy jDr gs rks xHkZp fuekZ.k djhrvlrks½- brj rK MkWDVjkauh R;k Eg.k.;kekxhy lR; 'kks/kys ikfgts- tho'kkL=krhyladYiusuqlkj ;k ckchpk ckÅ d: u;s- ex nsok}kjs ;s'kwph xHkZ/kkj.kk >kyhák ?kVusr] ;s'kwps jDrkps egRo y{kkr ?ksrk] ekuoke/;s oa'kijaijsus iki dlsçlwr gksr xsys ;kyk vFkZp jkg.kkj ukgh-**

117

ekuoh jDr gs vR;r xqarkxqarhps æO; vkgs- vktgh vusd'kkL=K jDrkP;k ák xqarkxqrhP;k la'kks/kuke/;s O;Lr vkgsr- thouns.kkÚ;k ;k ekuoh jDrkph dkgh oSf'k"Vîs v'kh vkgsr- rs 'kjhjkrhynqf"kr inkFkkZpk fupjk djrs] rs 'kjhj ftoar Bsors vkf.k rs tarqvkf.k vktkj ;kauk nwj Bsors- gs [kjsp uoyiw.kZ vkgs- rjhghnsokus vkiY;klkBh vls jDr* fl) dsys vkgs dh R;kpk ifj.kkevf/kd vkÜp;Zdkjd vkgsvkf.k rks jDrkpk >jk v[kaM okgkrvkgs- T;kauk [kjs thou gos vkgs R;kaP;klkBh gs jDr miyC/kvkgs- ;s'kwps jDr Eg.kts euq";kps ikifoekspu dj.kkjs nsokps mÙkejlk;u vkgs- vkfRedn`"Vîk e`r yksdkae/;s thoukpk vks?k iqUgklq: dj.;kps lkeF;Z ;s'kwP;k jDrkr vkgs- vkfRedn`"Vîk ftoarvlysY;k yksdkaps gs jDr lSrkukP;k çR;sd gYY;kiklwu laj{k.kdjrs- ;k vn~Hkqr jDrklaca/kh vki.k okprks- ^^okMofMykaP;kijaijsus pkyr vkysY;k rqeP;k fujFkZd okx.kqdhiklwu lksus #isv'kk uk'koar oLrawuh uOgs rj fu"dyad o funksZ"k dksdjk vlk tksf[kzLr R;kP;k ewY;oku jDrkus rqEgh eqDr >kyk vkgk* ¼1 is=1%18]19½-

jDr % 'kqf)dj.kkps lkeF;ZjDr % 'kqf)dj.kkps lkeF;ZjDr % 'kqf)dj.kkps lkeF;ZjDr % 'kqf)dj.kkps lkeF;ZjDr % 'kqf)dj.kkps lkeF;Zdkgh fnolkaiwohZ ,dk daiuhus vkjksX;kps fu;e /kkC;koj

clowu ,d djkj dsyk v'kh ,d ckreh çLr`r >kyh gksrh-iS'kkP;k yksHkkik;h R;k daiuhus v¡dje/;s dkgh vik;dkjd æO;okgwu usys gksrs vkf.k R;kp v¡dje/;s uarj ;srkuk [kk|rsy okgwuusys R;keqGs vusd yksd xaHkhjfjR;k vktkjh >kys-

nsokus euq";kps 'kjhj Qkj vk'p;Zdkjd vls r;kj dsysvkgs- 'kjhjkr is'khai;Zar v™kiqjoBk dsyk tkrks o vik;dkjd



inkFkZ mRlftZr dsys tkrkr vkf.k gh dk;sZ 'kjhjkr is'khaP;k}kjs dsyhtkrkr- ijarq nsokph vpwd 'kjhjfufeZrh v™k o mRlftZr æO;s;kaph HkslG gksÅ nsr ukgh- jDrk}kjs v™kiqjoBk gksrks rlspjDrk}kjs mRltZugh gksrs- çR;sd is'kh brdh ygku vlrs dh'kjhjkrhy] ds'kokfguhrwu rh jDrçokgkcjkscj çokl d: 'kdrs-tj R;k is'kha}kjs mRltZukps dk;Z gksÅ 'kdys ukgh rj 'kjhjkr jksxiljsy] e`R;q vks<osy-

nsokus vki.kkrwu ikikps mRltZu dls dsys tkrs gs Li"V dsysvkgs- ikikps vkiY;k thoukrhy mRltZu ;s'kwP;k jDrk}kjs gksrs%^^i.k tlk rks çdk'kkr vkgs rls vki.k çdk'kkr pkyr vlyks]rj vkiyh ,desdkacjkscj lgHkkfxrk vkgs vkf.k R;kpk iq= ;s'kwákps jDr vkiY;kyk loZ ikikaiklwu 'kq) dfjrs** ¼1 ;ksgku1%7½- vkiY;k ikikaph {kek Ogkoh ;klkBh ;kgwu nqljk ekxZp ukghvls nsokus Li"V dsys vkgs % ^^jDr vksrY;kokpwu iki{kek gksrukgh** ¼bczh 9%22½-

jDr % R;kps thounk;h lkeF;ZjDr % R;kps thounk;h lkeF;ZjDr % R;kps thounk;h lkeF;ZjDr % R;kps thounk;h lkeF;ZjDr % R;kps thounk;h lkeF;Z'kjhjkps dk;Z lqjGhri.ks pkykos ;klkBh 'kjhjkrhy çR;sd

is'khyk v™kkpk o ik.;kpk iqjoBk dj.ks gs jDrkps vk.k[kh ,degRokps dk;Z vkgs- tj jDrk}kjs 'kjhjkrhy is'khauk vkf.k Luk;qaukvlk iqjoBk gksÅ 'kdyk ukgh rj R;k is'kh o Luk;q e`r gksrkr-jDrçokg 'kjhjkr gks.ks Fkkacys dh 'kjhj e`r gksrs- R;keqGs jDrke/;sp thou vkgs-

Eg.kwu ;s'kwus tsOgk R;kP;k jDrkcÌy f'k";kauk lkafxrys rsOgkR;kauk vpack okVyk- rks Hkj nsÅu Eg.kkyk]

^^eh rqEgkayk [kfpr [kfpr lkaxrks] rqEgh euq";kP;k

119

iq=kpk nsg [kkYyk ukgh o R;kps jDr I;kyk ukgh rjrqEgkae/;s thou ukgh- tks ek>k nsg [kkrks o ek>sjDr firks] R;kyk lkoZdkfyd thou izkIr >kys vkgsvkf.k ehp R;kyk 'ksoVY;k fno'kh eh mBohu- dkj.kek>k nsg [kjs [kk| vkgs o ek>s jDr [kjs is; vkgs**¼;ksgku 6%53&55½-uarj ;s'kwus R;kpk [kjk vFkZ dk; rks lkafxryk % ^tks ek>k

nsg [kkrks o ek>s jDr firks rks ete/;s jkgrks o eh R;kP;ke/;sjkgrks- vkfRed thoukP;k L=ksrkps gs Kku fdrh lqanj vkgs]vkuannk;d vkgs! ikrD;kaph R;kaP;k ikrdkiklwu lqVdk OgkohEg.kwu ;s'kwps jDr lkaM.;kr vkys- R;kus Lor%ps jDr vkiY;klkBhlkaMys Eg.kwup vki.k R;kP;k thoukps Hkkxhnkj gksÅ 'kdrks- R;kpsjDr fi.ks Eg.kts dk; ;kpk vFkZ ;s'kwus Li"V dsyk &^eh R;kP;ke/;s jkgrks*&fdrh lqanj!

;s'kwP;k iqu#RFkkukP;k lkeF;kZpk vuqHko T;k foÜokl.kkÚ;kaukvkyk vkgs rs tksekus vkiyh lk{k nsrkr&^^iqu#fRFkr f[kzLrete/;s jkgrks!* çHkqHkkstu Lohdkj.ks Eg.kts rks Hkkdj o æk{kkjl;kaps lsou dj.ks gs çfrdkjd vlwu R;k}kjs vki.k çHkqps vkHkkjekuwu vkiyh lk{k nsrks vls foÜokl.kkÚ;kauk okVrs-*

tsOgk foÜokl.kkÚ;kae/;s ifo= vkRek o:u ;srks rsOgk ;s'kwP;kjDrke/khy thounk;h lkeF;kZph R;kauk vkÜp;Zdkjd jhrhus çkIrhgksrs- çR;sd O;Drh tsOgk thoukpk 'kks/k ?ksrs rsOgk fryk thouçnku dj.kkÚ;k ^jDrkph* xjt vlrs-

* nqnSZokus cÚ;kp yksdkapk vlk xSjlet vkgs dh Hkkdj o æk{kjlkps lsoudsY;kus f[kzLrkps 'kjhj o jDr R;kauk çkIr gksrs-



jDr % R;kps laj{kd lkeF;ZjDr % R;kps laj{kd lkeF;ZjDr % R;kps laj{kd lkeF;ZjDr % R;kps laj{kd lkeF;ZjDr % R;kps laj{kd lkeF;Zekuoh jDr vk.k[kh ,d peRdkfjd vls dk;Z djhr

vlrs- rs jDr dsoG 'kqf)dkjd vkf.k thounk;h ulrs rj rslaj{kdgh vlrs-

tsOgk Hkkjrke/;s C;wckWfud Iysxph lkFk iljyh gksrh rsOgklxGs tx gknjys gksrs- vkarjjk"Vªh; mÏk.k dj.kkjh Hkkjrh;foekus tarquk'kdkauh LoPN dsyh tkr gksrh- rlsp R;k foekukrhyçok'kkaukgh oS|dh; rikl.khlkBh osxGîk fBdk.kh usys tkr gksrs-vls dsys ulrs rj jksxçlkj.k loZ= gks.;kph Hkhfr gksrh- ;klkBhHkkjrke/kwu ;s.kkÚ;k foekukalkBh osxGk rGgh mHkkj.;kr vkykgksrk-

C;qckWfud IysxP;k lalxkZph rRdkyhu fLFkrh gksrh( ijarqekuoh 'kjhjkoj vusd tarqpk gYyk lrr gksr vlrks- ijarqjDrke/;s R;k tarwuk ijrowu yko.;kps lkeF;Z vkgs- thoukpsj{k.k dj.kkjh çfrtSfods jDrkr vlrkr- R;keqGs tarwpk uk'kdsyk tkrks- tsOgk 'kjhjke/;s jksxtarw izos'k djrkr rsOgk ika<Ú;kis'khaP;k la[;sr ok< gksÅu R;k jksxtarqa'kh eqdkcyk djrkr oR;kapk uk'k djrkr-

ekuoh jDrkçek.ksp çHkq ;s'kw f[zkLrkps jDr ekuoh thoukpsj{k.k djrs gs fo'ks"k vkgs- lSrkukP;k lrrP;k gYY;kiklwu ;s'kwpsjDr vkiys j{k.k djrs- nsokps yksd vkf.k lSrku ;kaP;ke/;s 'ksoVY;kfnolkae/;s ;q) pkysy ;klaca/kh vki.k okprks% ^^R;kyk R;kauhdksdÚ;kP;k jDrkeqGs o vkiY;k lk{khP;k opukeqGs ftadys vkf.kR;kP;kaoj ejko;kph ikGh vkyh rjh R;kauh vkiY;k ftokoj çhfrdsyh ukgh** ¼çdVh 12%11½- ;s'kwP;k eksyoku jDrk}kjs rqEghlSrkukpk gYyk ijrowu ykow 'kdrk-

121

lSrkukus tsOgk vknke vkf.k gosyk eksgkr ikMys R;kposGh;s'kw lSrkukoj fot; feGohy gh Hkfo";ok.kh >kyh gksrh- nsokusEgVys dh L=hph larrh lSrkukpk uk'k djhy- ^^vkf.k rw o L=h]rq>h larfr o frph larrh ;kr eh ijLij oSj LFkkihu] rh rq>sMksds QksMhy** ¼mRiRrh 3%15½- ijarq R;kiwohZ lSrku ;s'kwph elhgkphVkp QksMhy- L=hph larrh Eg.ktsp Lor% çHkq ;s'kw f[kzLr] R;kusLor%ps jDr] eksyoku jDr lkaMw fnys] ^

^gsrq gk dh ej.kkoj lRrk xktfo.kkjk Eg.kts lSrkuákyk ej.kkus 'kwU;or djkos** ¼bczh 2%14½-iWjhle/khy lsaV yk>kj LVs'kuoj vkEgkyk HksVysY;k R;k

r#.kkaçek.ks vusdt.kkauk [kÚ;k thoukpk 'kks/k ykxyk vkgs-;qxkaaMke/;s vusd yksd eyk o MkWjFkhyk HksVys vkf.k R;kaph

[kk=h iVyh gksrh dh R;kauk [kjs thou çkIr >kys vkgs- çHkq ;s'kwf[kzLrkP;k jDrke/;s R;kauk eukps 'kqf)dj.k dj.kkjs] thounk;dvkf.k lSrkuk'kh ;'kLoh >qat ns.;kps lkeFkZ çkIr >kys- r'kh R;kaphçkekf.kd lk{k gksrh o R;kaP;kckcr ^tqus rs gksÅu xsys o loZdkgh uos >kys* vlsp ?kMys gksrs-

dsfu;ke/khy odkyrhus vkEgkl /kksD;kpk b'kkjk fnyk gksrkdh vkEgh ;qxkaMkdMs tkÅ u;s- ijarq eh o MkWjFkh] nsokP;kvkRE;kP;k çsj.kseqGs ;qxkaMkl xsyksp- ;qxkaMke/khy ikGd oxZ oR;kaP;k iRuhacjkscj nsokus vkeph HksV vk/khp Bjowu Bsoyh gksrh-vkeP;k ijrhP;k çoklkphgh O;oLFkk nsokus vxksnjp dsyh gksrh-¼y"djh mBko gks.;kiwohZps vkepsp foeku ,saVhcho:u mÏk.kdj.kkjs v[ksjps Bjys½-

vkEgh tsOgk foekurGkoj mrjyks rsOgk rsFks fHkrhps okrkoj.kgksrs- rsFkhy lkoGk xksa/kG vkf.k vLoPNrsps o.kZup djrk ;s.kkj



ukgh- vkEgkyk foekurGko:u ?ksÅu tk.;klkBh ,d eksVkjr;kj Bsoyh gksrh- ckWEceqGs jLR;kr tkxkstkxh [kÏs iMys gksrs-vkEgh FkksMs iq<s xsyks] rks f'kik;kauh vkeP;koj canqdk jks[kY;k- rsf'kikbZ R;k ljdkjps gksrs fdaok ljdkjfojks/kh gksrs dh f'kik;kP;kx.kos'kkrhy rs xqaM gksrs gs vkEgkyk ekghr uOgrs- ijarq R;kauhvkeP;k Mªk;Ogjyk vksG[kys- rks R;kaP;k xVkrykp gksrk- R;keqGsvkEgkyk R;kauh lq[k:ii.ks iq<s tkÅ fnys-

vkEgh vkeP;k fBdk.kkoj iksgkspyks- i.k rh tkxk vLoPN]va/kkjh vkf.k Hk;izn v'kh gksrh- rsFks teysys yksd Hksnjysys gksrs-ijarq tsOgk loZ ikGd o R;kaP;k ck;dk rsFks vkY;k rsOgk vkEgkykrsFkhy r.kkoiw.kZ okrkoj.kkpk folj iMyk- çHkq ;s'kw f[kzLrkPkh —ik vkf.k R;kps xkSjo rsFks gtj >kys- ;qxkaMke/khy lHkk vkeP;klnSo Lej.kkr jkgrhy t.kw dk; MksaxjekF;koj vkeph o nsockikphp HksV >kyh gksrh-

loZ ikGd o R;kaP;k ck;dk eksMD;k&rksMD;k ckdkoj vkBrkl clwu ifo= 'kkL=krhy lR;s vxnh y{kiwoZd ,sdr gksrs- ehtsOgk cksyr gksrks rsOgk ek>h iRuh QGîkoj eqÌs fyghr gksrh(R;keqGs ,sd.kkÚ;kaph dkgh uksanh dj.;kr enr gksr gksrh- rso<îkrnjoktkoj dlykp xksa/kG lq: >kyk- nk: fiÅu rjZ >kysY;k,dk canqd/kkjh ek.klkyk njoktkoj jks[kys gksrs- R;kpk nqljk ,dcanqd/kkjh lkFkhnkj xnhZrwu iq<s ?kqlyk o MkWjFkhP;k Nkrhoj R;kususe /kjyk-

^^gk euq"; ;s'kwdMs oGkok ;klkBh vki.k çkFkZuk d: ;k**'kkari.ks MkWjFkh Eg.kkyh-

dkgh {k.k] ts eyk R;kosGh ;qxk;qxklkj[ks okVys] yksVY;kuarjek>k Hkk"kkarjdrkZ etdMs oGwu eksBîk vk'p;kZus eyk Eg.kkyk] ^rks

123

f'kikbZ ts dkgh vkrk Eg.kkyk R;koj ek>k foÜoklp clr ukgh&rksEg.kkyk ^^;k ckbZP;k nsok'kh ek>h vksG[k >kyhp ikfgts**-

R;k Hkk"kkarjdR;kZps cksy.ks ,sdY;kuarj ts n`'; eh ikfgys rseh d/khp folj.kkj ukgh- R;kekxs dkghgh dkj.k vlw ns] exdnkfpr ,dk nsonwrkus R;k canwd/kkÚ;kyk vMfoys vlsy] fdaoknsokP;k vfrifo=rspk /kkd R;k f'kik;kyk R;k{k.kh okVyk vlsyfdaok R;k f'kik;kph R;kosGh vkarfjd dGdG vlsy-----eykdkgh lkaxrk ;sr ukgh- i.k R;k {k.kh ts ?kMys rs Eg.kts R;kphcanwd [kkyh xGwu iMyh vkf.k rks f'kikbZ xqM?ks Vsdwu clyk!

lHkk laiY;kuarj foÜokl.kkÚ;kauk fopkjiwoZd leksj cksykoystkrs- i.k gk rlk çdkj uOgrk- MkWjFkhyk R;kph iw.kZ tk.kho gksrh-rh R;k xqM?ks VsdysY;k f'kik;kyk Eg.kkyh ^^ekÖ;kekxs gh çkFkZukEg.k-** ex 'kakri.ks frus R;k xjtw f'kik;kP;k vkRE;kyk ØwlkP;kik;F;ktoG vk.kys- ikihtukpk rkj.kkjk f[kzLr R;kyk fnlyk-thoukpk mxe f[kzLrkP;k jDrk}kjs R;kyk lkiMyk-

eh gk vuqHko vkrk rqEgkyk dk lkaxr vkgs\ dkj.k R;klaLej.kh; lHksuarj dk; ?kMys gs rqEgkyk letkos Eg.kwu-

R;k lHkse/;s vusd yksd gtj gksrs- R;kaph eus Hkhrhus/kkLrkoysyh gksrh- R;k canqd/kkÚ;kus tsOgk cGtcjhus lHkse/;sços'k dsyk rsOgk R;kP;kcÌy lokZauk ?k`.kk okVyh- dkgh fnolkiwohZT;kaP;k ftokoj csrys gksrs vls dkgh yksd R;k lHksr gtj gksrs-R;ke/;s ,d ikGd gksrs- R;kaP;koj tho?ks.kk gYyk dj.;kr vkykgksrk i.k R;krwu rs okpys gksrs vkf.k R;k gYY;kr R;kaph cksVsdkiY;k xsyh gksrh- ijarq ;s'kwojhy çhrhLro rs iqUgk ,d= vkysgksrs- f[kzLrkdMs oGysY;k R;k uohu ca/kqlkBh çsekus çkFkZukdj.;kl rs ljlkoys gksrs-



dqBY;kgh ok|kaph lkFk ulrkuk] R;kauh vfr'k; mRlkgkus otksekus xhrs xkbZyh- R;k xhrkrhy 'kCnkauh vkt ns[khy ek>s ân;Hk:u ;srs%

vkgk! ;s'kwps jDrvkgk! ;s'kwps jDrvkgk! ;s'kwps jDrikikiklwu 'kq) et djh

txkrhy loZ iq<kjh R;kosGh vkeP;kcjkscj gtj vlrs rjR;kauk loZ leL;kaoj nsokps dk; mÙkj vlrs gs letys vlrs-

^^vkf.k R;kP;k o/kLraHkkojhy jDrkP;k}kjs 'kkarh d:u----R;kpk Lor% cjkscj R;kP;k}kjs lesV djkos gsfiR;kyk cjs okVys** ¼dyLlS 1%20½--^^ts rqEgh iwohZijds o nq"desZ djhr eukus oSjh >kyk gksrk-----lesVdsyk vkgs** ¼dyLlS 1%21½-

T;kapk [kjsp nsokcjkscj uhV laca/k tqGyk vkgs R;kaP;klkBhEg.kts & ^^R;kP;k jDrkus uhfreku Bjfo.;kr vkY;keqGs----nsokP;k Øks/kkiklwu rkjys tk.kkj vkgks- iq=kP;k e`R;w}kjs vkiyklesV >kyk----fo'ks"ksd:u rkjys tk.kkj vkgks** ¼jkse 5%9&10½-

125

fopkj djk

1- rqEgh [kjks[kj thoukph bPNk djrk dk;\ák thoukps çHkq ;s'kwus o.kZu dsys vkgs ^^ehrj R;kauk thouçkIrh Ogkoh o rh foiqyi.ksOgkoh Eg.kwu vkyks vkgs** ¼;ksgku 10%10½

2- ifo= 'kkL=kuqlkj] ekuoh 'kjhjkr thou dksBslkiMrs\ ¼ysoh; 17%11 okpk½

3- çHkq ;s'kwP;k eksyoku jDrkps lkoZdkfyd egRodks.krs\ R;kP;k 'kq)hdkjd lkeF;kZoj rqEghfoÜokl Bsork\thounk;h lkeF;kZoj foÜokl Bsork\laj{kd lkeF;kZoj rqEgh foÜokl Bsork\çHkq ;s'kwus EgVys] ^^iqu#RFkku o thou ehpvkgs] tks ekÖ;koj foÜokl Bsforks rks esykvlyk rjh txsy vkf.k ftoar vlysyk izR;sdt.k tks ekÖ;koj foÜokl Bsorks rks d/khghej.kkj ukgh** ¼;ksgku 11%25]26½-


fp=dkjkP;k dysph iw.kZrk] ekuoh psgÚ;kojhy rst]fulxZ fp=krhy lkSan;Z ;kiSdh ,dgh vkoktkP;k

ek/;ekrwu of.kZrk ;sr ukgh- R;klkBh n`"Vhp goh-

nsokP;k dqVqackpk ?kVd eh dlkcusu\

MksGîkaP;k 'kL=fØ;slaca/kh 1940 njE;ku oS|d 'kkL=kr[kwip lq/kkj.kk >kyh- uqdR;kp ej.k ikoysY;k O;DrhP;k MksGîkpsjksi.k va/kO;DrhP;k MksGîkoj djrk vkys- MkW- lWxLVjuh dsysY;kifgY;kp v'kk ;'kLoh jksi.kkcÌy R;kauh vkEgkyk ekfgrh fnyh-

,dk lqanj ldkGh MkW- lWxLVj baXyaM e/khy lqjs MkWmUl;sFks nksu O;Drhalg iksgapys- R;kiSdh ,d L=h tUer% vka/kGhgksrh- rj nqljh O;Drh ftus frP;k MksGîkoj 'kL=fØ;k dsyh rhMkWDVj gksrh- R;k L=hP;k MksGîkoj 'kL=fØ;k dsY;kuarj iÍh cka/kysyh gksrh- dkj.k çdk'kfdj.kkeqGs fryk dkgh =kl gksÅ u;sEg.kwu frps MksGs iÍhus >kdys gksrs- gGwgGw rh iÍh dk<.;krvkyh- fryk çdk'kkph tk.kho gksÅ ykxyh o rh vxnh mRlkghrgksÅ ykxyh- mxoR;k lw;kZph fdj.ks frP;k MksGîkaoj iM.;kiwohZfrph iÍh dk<.;kr vkyh-

f{krhtkoj mxo.kkjk rks lw;Z R;k ldkGh Qkjp je.kh;gksrk- gGwgGw lkoY;k iq<s ljdr gksR;k- fgjoh ikus dksoGîkmUgkr pedr gksrh- i{kh gosr mMr gksrs- vkiys Hk{k idMhr


127


gksrs- T;k L=hus vls lqanj n`'; iwohZ d/khp ikfgys uOgrs rs vkrkfryk fnlw ykxys- frP;k xkyko:u vJw vks?kGw ykxys- rhEg.kkyh] ^^rqEgh eyk ák lxGîk lqanj xks"Vhaps o.kZu dsys gksrs(ijarq R;k brD;k lqanj vlrhy ;kph eyk eqGhp dYiuk uOgrh!**nsokus fuekZ.k dsysY;k lqanj fulxkZps fujh{k.k djhr rh fdrh rjhosG 'kkar clwu jkfgyh-

T;k O;Drhus çdk'k d/kh ikfgykp ukgh R;kyk rqEgh yky jaxdlk vlrks gs dls letkowu lkaxky\ lw;kZLrkpk euksgj ns[kkokva/kkyk dlk letoky\ rs [kjs rj v'kD;p vkgs- T;kyk dkghpfnlr ukgh R;kyk o.kZukRed 'kCn dkuh iMY;keqGs FkksMsQkj letw'kdrs- ijarq lqanj fp=] psgÚ;kojhy rst] fulxZ lkSan;Z v'kk xks"VhdsoG 'kCnka}kjs letko.ks v'kD;p vkgs R;klkBh n`"Vhp goh-

vlkp çdkj tsOgk ,[kknk foÜokl.kkjk] vfoÜokl.kkÚ;kykvkfRed lkSan;kZps o.kZu d:u lkaxrks rsOgk ?kMr vlrks-

yaMue/khy ,dk oS|dh; dkWyste/khy ifj{kkFkhZ eqykyk ehnsokP;k çhrhe/khy egkurscÌy lkaxr gksrks- rks eyk Eg.kkyk]^^i.k eyk rjh rls dkgh fnlr ukgh-** eyk loZ tk.koys i.krjhgh eh iq<s cksyr jkfgyks] ^^eh Eg.kkyks ^MsfOgM] gs ikgkrqÖ;kcÌy ekÖ;k eukr 'kadk ukgh- va/kkjdksBMhr euq";kus jkgkosrlsp rq>s >kys vkgseh Lor% vkfRed va/kkjkr pkpiMr gksrks-i.k vkrk eh R;k dksBMhrwu ckgsj vkyks vkgs vkf.k nsokP;kçhrhpk çdk'k eh ikgw 'kdrks- nsokph izhrh d'kh vkgs gs tj rqyk[kjsp letwu ?;ko;kps vlsy rj rqyk va/kkjkrwu ckgsj vkysikfgts-** R;k fno'kh MsOghMus xqM?ks Vsdwu çHkq ;s'kwtoG R;kP;kikrdkaph {kek ekfxryh o R;kus ;s'kwpk Lohdkj dsyk- rks vkiY;k

129

xqM?;ko:u mByk o ts Eg.kkyk rs eh d/khp fol: 'kdr ukgh-rks Eg.kkyk] ^^eyk okVys uOgrs dh gs ,o<s lq[kn vlrs!**

'kkjhfjd MksGîkauh nsokP;k lqanj fufeZrhpk lq[kn vuqHko?ksrk ;srks vkf.k vkfRed MksGîkauh euq";kyk nsockikph mifLFkrh]R;kps lkeF;Z vkf.k veki izhrh ;kapk çR;; ;srks-

çHkq ;s'kwps LoxkZjksg.k >kY;kuarj R;kus ;ksgkuk}kjs ykofndh;k;sFkhy eaMGhP;k vkfRed fLFkrhcÌy dBh.k 'kCnkr cksy ykoyk-R;k eaMGhrhy yksdkalca/kh ;s'kw Eg.kkyk] ^eh Jhear vkgs] eh /kufeGfoys vkgs o eyk dkgh m.ks ukgh vls rw Eg.krksl i.k rwd"Vh] nhu] nfjæh] vka/kGk o m?kMkok?kMk vkgsl** ¼çdVh 3%17½-,[kk|k va/kGîk ek.klkph fLFkrh fdrh n;uh; vlrs ;kph rqEghdYiuk d: 'kdrk dk;\ vkfRed va/kGsi.kkps funku dsY;kuarj;s'kw f[kzLrkus R;koj mik; lqpfoyk vkgs- ^rqyk n`"Vh ;koh Eg.kwuMksGîkr ?kky.;kl vatu fodr ?ks** ¼çdVh 3%18½ vkf.k gkmik; fdrh egRokpk vkgs! vkfRed va/kGsi.k ?kkyfo.;klkBhvkfRed 'kL=fØ;k vko';d vkgs] vkf.k rs ifo= vkRE;kps dk;Zvkgs-

rqEgh tsOgk çFke tUeyk gksrk rsOgk rks rqepk 'kkjhfjd tUegksrk- ijarq R;kosGh rqEgkyk vkfRed n`"Vh vkf.k let vkysyhuOgrh- rqEgkyk vkfRed va/kkjkrwu ckgsj ;kos vkf.k Kku onsokP;k xkSjokpk çdk'k gok vlsy rj rqepk nqlÚ;kank tUe >kykikfgts ¼2 dfjaFk 4%6½- ;s'kwus fudnsekyk EgVys]

^^nsgkiklwu tUeysys nsg vkgs vkf.k vkRE;kiklwutUeysys vkRek vkgs- rqEgkyk uO;kus tUeys ikfgtsvls eh rqEgkyk lkafxrys Eg.kwu vkÜp;Z ekuw udk*

nsokP;k dqVqackpk ?kVd eh dlk cusu\


¼;ksgku 3%6]7½----- ^uO;kus tUeY;kokpwu dks.kkykfgnsokps jkT; ikgrk ;sr ukgh** ¼;ksgku 3%3½-Eg.kwu tj rqEgkyk nsokps jkT; ikgko;kpsEg.kwu tj rqEgkyk nsokps jkT; ikgko;kpsEg.kwu tj rqEgkyk nsokps jkT; ikgko;kpsEg.kwu tj rqEgkyk nsokps jkT; ikgko;kpsEg.kwu tj rqEgkyk nsokps jkT; ikgko;kps

vlsy rj rqepk uok tUe >kyk ikfgts-vlsy rj rqepk uok tUe >kyk ikfgts-vlsy rj rqepk uok tUe >kyk ikfgts-vlsy rj rqepk uok tUe >kyk ikfgts-vlsy rj rqepk uok tUe >kyk ikfgts-tsOgk rqepk tUe >kyk rsOgk loZ euq";kaçek.ksp rqeP;ke/

;sgh nsokP;k vkdkjkizek.ks ,d iksdGh gksrh vkf.k rh Hk:u fu?kkohvlk frpk vkxzg gksrk- tsOgk iqu#fRFkr f[kzLr R;k iksdGhe/;sfojkteku gksrks rsOgkp rh vkfRed iksdGh Hk:u fu?krs- rqEgh ;s'kwpkrqepk rkj.kkjk Eg.kwu Lohdkj djrk rsOgkp R;kP;k eR;wpk vFkZrqepk thoukr lkdkjr tkrks- rqeP;k ikikaph {kek Ogkoh ,o<îklkBhp;s'kw ej.k ikoyk ukgh- rqeph var%dj.ks 'kq) Ogkohr vkf.k R;kae/;s R;kph oLrh Ogkoh ;klkBh rks ej.k ikoyk- rqeP;k ân;kr rks;s.;kiwohZ rqeP;k ikrdkaph {kek gks.ks vko';d vkgs-

eh ,dk vkfÝdu r#.kk'kh cksyr gksrks- ;s'kw f[kzLrkph lqokrkZd'kh xktokoh ;klac/akh rks ncysyk gksrk gs eyk tk.koys- R;kP;kns'kca/kquk lqokrkZ xktfo.;kps çpaM vks>s R;kyk tM okVr gksrs-iq<hy vkBoMîkr eh lqekjs nksu'ks ikGdkauk ifo= 'kkL=kpsf'k{k.k ns.kkj gksrks( rsOgk eh R;k r#.kkykgh rsFks ;s.;kps fuea=.kfnys- tsFks rs loZ ikGd ;s.kkj gksrs rs fBdk.k vkeP;kiklwu'ksdMks eSy nwj gksrs- eh R;kyk lkafxrys dh R;kus clus rks [kMrjçokl djkok- R;kçek.ks rks r#.k] foY;e] çokl d:u FkdY;kHkkxY;k voLFksr gtj jkfgyk- nsokP;k opuklaca/kh vf/kd ,sd.;klfeGkys Eg.kwu R;kyk vkaun okVyk- foY;eus rks [kMrj çoklxerh[kkrj dsyk uOgrk! R;k lHksyk mifLFkr jkgrk ;kos Eg.kwuR;kus clus çokl dsyk gksrk- ts R;kP;klkBh jk[kwu Bsoys gksrs rsR;kyk R;kpk çokl iw.kZ >kY;koj feGkys-

131

rqeph o f[kzLrkph lgHkkfxrk Ogkoh ;klkBh rqEgkyk ekxZ gok;kph tk.kho ;s'kwyk gksrh- ;klkBhp rqeP;k ikrdkaph {kek d:uR;kus rqeph var%dj.ks 'kq) dsyh o v'kk var%dj.kkr oLrhdj.;klkBh ekxZ r;kj dsyk- rqeP;k ikrdkaph {kek gks.ks gsvxR;kps rj gksrsp( ijarq f[kzLrp rqeps uos thou vkf.k loZleFkZnsockik'kh rqeph lgHkkfxrk Ogkoh ghp ;s'kwph varhe bPNk gksrh-;s'kw f[kzLrk'kh rqeps oS;fDrd ukrs tqGkos ;klkBhp rj rqEgklfuekZ.k dj.;kr vkys vkgs-

;s'kw f[kLr rqeP;k ân;kr oLrh djrks gs let.ks Eg.ktsrqepk lkoZdkfyd thoukpk çokl lq: >kyk vkgs gs let.ksgks;- tsOgk f[kzLr rqEgke/;s oLrh djrks rsOgk R;kps thou rqeP;kthoukr mrjrs-

^^rh lk{k ghp vkgs dh nsokus vkiY;kyk lkoZdkfydthou fnys vkf.k gs thou R;kP;k iq=kP;k Bk;h vkgs-T;kyk rks iq= ykHkyk vkgs R;kyk thou ykHkys vkgs]T;kyk nsokpk iq= ykHkyk ukgh R;kyk thou ykHkysukgh** ¼1 ;ksgku 5%11&12½-Eg.kwu ek>k fe= MsOghM ;kus çHkq ;s'kwyk R;kP;k ikrdkaph

{kek d:u R;kP;k thoukr ;s.;kph fouarh dsyh o R;kuarj R;kusvkuanksn~xkj dk<ys gksrs] ^^gs ,o<s lq[kn vlsy vls eyk okVysuOgrs!** ;kr ex uoy rs dk;\

i.k gs dls gksbZy\i.k gs dls gksbZy\i.k gs dls gksbZy\i.k gs dls gksbZy\i.k gs dls gksbZy\is=kus tsOgk ;s'kwps thou] ej.k o iqu#RFkku ;klac/akh lans'k

fnyk rsOgk nsokus rsFkhy yksdkaP;k eukr rkj.kkÚ;klac/akh bPNkfuekZ.k dsyh- vkt ifo= vkRek rqEgkdfjrk ts djhr vkgs rsp



R;kus rsOgk R;kaP;klkBh dsys- ;s'kw gkp çHkq vkgs o rksp elhgkvkgs vls is= Eg.krkuk R;kauh ,sdys- ;s'kwlaca/kh gh uoh letR;kauk vkY;keqGs R;kauk rkj.kkph xjt o [kk=hgh okVw ykxyh- o/kLraHkkoj f[kGwu Bkj dj.;kr vkysY;k ;s'kwyk R;kauh ukdkjys gksrsfdaok R;kaP;klca/kh rs csfQdhj gksrs vkf.k R;keqGs R;kaps ân; vkrkQkVys vls 'kkL=opu Eg.krs vkf.k Eg.kwup R;kauh vfr'k;dGdGhus is=kyk fopkjys ^vkEgh dk; djkos\** ¼çs-—- 2%37½-

is=kus R;kauk iÜpkrki dj.;klac/akh lkafxrys- iÜpkrkikf'kok;foÜokl gk [kjk foÜokl uOgs rlyk foÜokl Eg.kts ,d fn[kkÅi.kkvlrks fdaok rh ,d l.kd* vlrs- tks foÜokl rkj.knk;h vlrksR;ke/;s fo'oklkph o`Rrh o o`Rrhr cny ;srks-

;s'kwus o/kLraHkkojhy ej.kk}kjs rqeP;klkBh ts dsys rs rqEghlk/;k foÜoklk}kjs ekU; djrk rsOgk ikikçr vkf.k nsokçr rqeP;korZ.kqdhr vlk/kkj.k vlk cny gksrks- vkf.k rsOgkp ifo= vkRE;k}kjsrqeP;k vkfRed MksGîkaoj 'kL=fØ;k dsyh tkrs o rqEgh osxGîkn`"Vhus ikgw ykxrk- [kjs ikgkrk iÜpkrki Eg.kts ^cnyrs eu*Eg.kwu uok tUe gks.ks Eg.kts nso vkf.k iki ;klaca/kh cnyysys euçkIr gks.ks gks;-nsoklaca/khnsoklaca/khnsoklaca/khnsoklaca/khnsoklaca/kh % iÜpkrki ¼cnyysys eu½ nsoklaca/kh loZ [kksVsfopkj /kqMdkowu ykorks- vkfÝdse/khy ts yksd vkiY;k tqU;kekxkZauk o ijaijkauk fpdVwu gksrs- rs f[kzLrkdMs oGY;kuarj R;kauhvkiY;k tqU;k ekxkZaph o ijaijsaph jk[kjkaxksGh dsY;kps eh ikfgysvkgs- ek>s dkgh fe= R;kaP;k /kkfeZd osMxG dYiuk o fo/khlksMwu tsOgk ifo= nsokdMs oGys gksrs rsOgk R;kauk fto ?ks.;kP;k/keD;k feGkY;k gksR;k- ;s'kw gkp ;kOgs&rkj.kkjk ,deso nso vkgsákph [kksy eqGkoysyh [kk=h Eg.kts foÜokl-

133

ikiklaca/khikiklaca/khikiklaca/khikiklaca/khikiklaca/kh % foÜoklkus tsOgk rqEgh rkj.kkP;k vuqHkokr ;srkrsOgk rqEgkyk rqeP;k ikihi.kkph tk.kho gksrs o rqEgh R;kcÌy [ksndjrk- rqeP;k eukr >kysyk cny ¼iÜpkrki½ ;keqGs ikicÌyrqEgh ;kiq<s fu"dkGth jkg.kkj ukgh- ikikcÌy ;kiq<s dlyhlcc iq<s dj.kkj ukgh- ;kiq<s dsoG rqeP;k /kkfeZdrseqGsp rqepsrkj.k gksbZy vlkgh fopkj rqEgh dj.kkj ukgh- ^^vkeph loZ /keZ—R;s nsokiq<s ?kk.ksjMîk oL=kalkj[kh ¼fpa/kh&lkj[kh½ >kyh vkgsr**¼;'k;k 64%6½- ijarq tsOgk rqEgh ;s'kwdMs oGrk rsOgk R;kyk uvkoM.kkÚ;k xks"Vh rqEgh lksMwu nsrk-

dYiuk djk dh ,d f'kikbZ jtsoj xsyk vkgs- ,d fnolR;kyk nksu i=s ;srkr- ,d i= R;kP;k fe=kdMwu vkysys vlrsvkf.k nqljs R;kP;k vf/kdkÚ;kdMwu vkysys vlrs- ifgY;k i=krR;kP;k fe=kP;k yXukps vkea=.k vlrs rj nqlÚ;k i=kr R;kP;kvf/kdkjkÚ;kus R;kyk dkekoj rkcMrksc #tw gks.;kpk vkns'k fnysykvlrks- vkea=.k vkf.k vkns'k ;kr fdrh Qjd vkgs! vkea=.kvki.k uezi.ks ukdk: 'kdrks ijarq vkns'kkps ikyu gs djkospykxrs vFkok caM iqdkjkok ykxrks-

nso rqeP;koj izhrh djrks vkf.k ikikeqGs rqEgh ej.kkj gsR;kyk BkÅd vkgs- Eg.kwu rks rqEgkyk iÜpkrkikps vkea=.k nsrukgh rj vkns'k nsrks-

ikSy xzhle/khy fo}kukaiq<s Hkk"k.k djrkuk Eg.kkyk] ^^ijarqvkrk lokZauh loZ= iÜpkrki djkok v'kh rks ¼nso½ ek.klkaukvkKk dfjrks** ¼çs-—- 17%30½] vkf.k R;k ^^lokZa** e/;s rqEghvkgkr-

nsoklaca/kh vlysyk xSjlet nwj d:u tsOgk rqEgh ikiklwuoGrk o foÜoklkus ;s'kwik'kh ;srk o rksp rkj.kkjk vkgs vls



tkghj djrk rsOgk ifo= vkRek rqeP;k ân;kr dk;Z d: ykxrks-R;keqGs ^bPNk dj.ks o —fr dj.ks* rqEgkyk 'kD; gksrs ¼fQfyIiS2%13½- gk [kjks[kj peRdkjp vkgs- nsokP;k n`"Vhus ;ksX; rsprqEgh d: ykxrk- Eg.kwu ts yksd eukiklwu iÜpkrki djrkrR;kauk nso R;kP;k ladYikçek.ks bPNk dj.;kl o —rh dj.;klaca/kh vfHkopu nsrks- rsOgk rqeps thou cnywu tkrs vkf.k rs nsokP;klkeF;kZus Hkjrs-

rqepk ,d fe= Eg.kwu eh rqEgkyk dGdGhph fouarh djrksdh rqEgh m'khj u djrk çHkq ;s'kw f[kzLrkpk Lohdkj djkok- ,[kknhfuokar tkxk 'kks/kk dh tsFks rqEgh nsokph çkFkZuk 'kkari.ks d: 'kdky-vFkkZr iksiVkçek.ks rqEgh piZViatjh dsyh rj rqEgkyk R;kpk dkghykHk gks.kkj ukgh- rqEgh foÜoklkus ;s'kw f[kzLrkyk çfrlkn ns.ks gsQkj egRokps vkgs- ;s'kw Eg.krks] ^ekxZ] lR; o thou ehp vkgs]ekÖ;k}kjs vkY;kokpwu fiR;kdMs dks.kh ;sr ukgh* ¼;ksgku 14%6½-

vkrk rqEgh MksGs >kdk o mRLQwrZi.ks çkFkZuk djk] fdaok iq<sfnysyh çkFkZuk rqEgkl mi;qDr Bjsy-

ek>k çkFkZus}kjs çfrlknek>k çkFkZus}kjs çfrlknek>k çkFkZus}kjs çfrlknek>k çkFkZus}kjs çfrlknek>k çkFkZus}kjs çfrlkn^^gs nsok eh rqyk vksG[kys uOgrs o rqtoj çsegh dsys

uOgrs- ijarq gs çHkq] eh vkrk rq>s vkHkkj ekurks dkj.k rw eykvksG[kys vkgs o rw etoj izhrh djhr vkgs-

eh ikih vkgs- ekÖ;k dks.kR;kgh /keZ—R;keqGs eyk rkj.kfeGr ukgh gs eyk letys- Eg.kwu foÜoklkus eh rqÖ;kdMsoGyks- gs ;s'kw f[kzLrk] eh rqttoG ekÖ;k ikikaph {kek ekxrks- ehikih vkgs gs eh dcwy djrks o R;k ikikacÌy eh iÜpkrki djrks-gs ;s'kw] rw ekÖ;klkBh ej.k ikoykl R;kcÌy eh rq>s vkHkkj

135

ekurks- rqÖ;k eksyoku jDrkus rw eyk 'kq) dsysl Eg.kwu eh rq>k_.kh vkgs- vkrk eh foÜoklkus ek>s thou rqÖ;k eksyokujDrkP;k lkeF;kZ[kkyh vk.krks- rsp ek>s j{k.k djrs vlk ek>kfoÜokl vkgs-

fç; ;s'kw] rw ekÖ;k thoukr ;s vkf.k ekÖ;k thoukpk rkck?ks-

fç; ;s'kw] rqÖ;k ifo= vkRE;k}kjs ek>k uok tUe >kyk;kcÌy eh rq>s midkj ekurks- rqÖ;k iqu#RFkkukP;k lkeF;kZeqGseh vkrk nsokps ysd: cuyks vkgs vkf.k eh fpjdky rqÖ;klgjkg.kkj vkgs gs ekÖ;klkBh vk'p;Zdkjd vkgs vkf.k R;kcÌyfgeh rq>s vkHkkj ekurks-**

^^frP;koj foÜokl Bso.kkjk ¼;s'kwoj voyacwu vlysyk½Qthr gks.kkj ukgh** ¼1 is= 2%6½-rqEgh vkÙkk dk; dsys R;kcÌy nqlÚ;kyk lkaxk- f[kzLr

rqEgke/;s jkgrks gs /;kukr Bsok- R;kph lk{k ns.;klkBh rks rqEgkyk'kDrh iqjorks gs y{kkr Bsok-

^^dh ;s'kw izHkw vkgs vls tj rw vkiY;k eq[kkus dcwydj'khy] vkf.k nsokus R;kyk esysY;krwu mBfoys vlkvkiY;k var%dj.kkr foÜokl Bso'khy rj rq>s rkj.kgksbZy- dkj.k tks var%dj.kkus fo'okl Bsorks rksuhfreku Bjrks o tks eq[kkus dcwy dfjrks R;kps rkj.kgksrs** ¼jkse 10%9&10½-



LyksOgkfd;krwu vkysys ,d i=LyksOgkfd;krwu vkysys ,d i=LyksOgkfd;krwu vkysys ,d i=LyksOgkfd;krwu vkysys ,d i=LyksOgkfd;krwu vkysys ,d i=

fç; fe=kauks] ekÖ;k thoukar vR;ar çHkkoh Bjysys iqLrd %^rqepk nsokpk 'kks/k* eh uqdrsp okpwu iw.kZ dsys- eh vkrk iwohZpkmjyks ukgh v'kh ek>h [kk=h >kyh vkgs- çHkq ;s'kwus ek>k Lohdkjdsyk o eh R;kyk lefiZr >kyks- ekÖ;k loZ fe=kauk gk vkuanfeGkok vls eyk okVrs- Eg.kwu nksu fe=kalkBh eyk nksu çrhfeGkO;kr v'kh eh vkiY;kdMs ekx.kh djhr vkgs----

ekÖ;k thoukr lqokrkZ vk.kY;kcÌy vkf.k f[kzLrkr eykrkj.k feGowu fnY;kcÌy eh rqepk vkHkkjh vkgs----brds lqanjiqLrd vlw 'kdrs ;kph eyk dYiuk uOgrh-**

ts-vs-P;k uksanhuqlkj

137

fopkj djk

1- mnkji.ks feGkysY;k ,[kk|k ns.kxhcÌy rqEgh—rKrk d'kh O;Dr djky\

rqEgh vls Eg.kky dk; &^—i;k eyk rh |k\*fdaok rqEgh Eg.kky & ^eh rqepk vkHkkjh vkgs\*

2- rqEgh nsokps ysd: vkgk v'kh rqeph Hkkoukvkgs dh rqeph r'kh [kk=h vkgs\^dkj.k —isusp foÜoklkP;k}kjs rqeps rkj.k>kysys vkgs vkf.k gs rqeP;k gkrwu >kys vlsukgh rj gs nsokps nku vkgs** ¼bfQl 2%8½-

3- ;s'kw f[kzLrkojhy rqeP;k foÜoklkr ;k xks"Vhapklekos'k vkgs dk;\&

iÜpkrkiklaca/kh dGdG\vkHkkj eku.;kph dGdG\;s'kwojp iw.kZi.ks folac.;kph o`Ùkh\

4- rqeps rkj.k >kys vkgs Eg.kwu vkrk rqEghnsokps vkHkkj ekurk dk;\ ;s'kwus rqEgkadfjrkts dkgh dsys o rks dks.k vkgs ;kcÌy rqEghnsokps vkHkkj ekurk dk;\


nso vkf.k f[kzLr tj etlkBh vkgs rj dks.krhghxks"V & ex dks.krhgh ifjLFkhrh] dks.krsgh ladVvFkok dks.krhgh ijh{kk vlks eyk d/khp Li'kZ

dj.kkj ukghvkf.k tj dkgh vMp.k fuekZ.k >kyhprj frP;k ekxs ekÖ;klkBh nsokpk mnkRr gsrw vlrks-R;k{k.kh eyk dnkfpr R;kph tk.kho ulsygh- ijarq u?kkcjrk tsOgk eh ek>s MksGs R;kP;k MksGîka'kh fHkMforksvkf.k vkysY;k çlaxkr nsokpk mnkRr gsrw vkgs gsekurks rsOgk dks.krsgh nq%[k etoj ekr d: 'kdrukgh- dks.krhgh ifjfLFkrh eyk grk'k d: 'kdr

ukgh] dks.krhgh ijh{kk eyk fu%'kL= d: 'kdr ukgh-dkj.k çHkq tks ek>k vkuan R;ke/;s eh folkorks- gk

foÜoklkpk fot; vkgs!

vWyu jsMikFk

iq<s dk;\

rkj.k vxnh QqdV vkgs! rs feGfo.;klkBh dks.kkyk dkghghdjkos ykxr ukgh- çHkq ;s'kw rs lk/; d:u nsrks-

rqEgkyk lqpfoysyh çkFkZuk ¼fdaok r'khp nqljh çkFkZuk½ rqEghvxnh çkekf.kdi.ks dsyh rj rqeP;k f[kzLrkojhy xk< foÜoklkeqGsrqEgh nsokps fç; ysd: >kyk vkgkr]

^^ftrD;kauh R;kpk Lohdkj dsyk frrD;kauk Eg.ktsR;kP;k ukokoj foÜokl Bso.kkÚ;kauk R;kus nsokph eqysgks.;kpk vf/kdkj fnyk** ¼;ksgku 1%12½-

i.k vkrk rqEgh fufÜprp ,d çÜu fopkjky & iq<s dk;\*;s'kw f[kzLr vkiY;k f'k";kauk lksMwu o/kLraHkkojhy ej.k

vkf.k e`R;wyk ijkHkwr dj.;klkBh lTt >kyk rsOgk rks f'k";kaukEg.kkyk ^^rqEgh ekÖ;ke/;s jkgk vkf.k eh rqEgke/;s jkghu**¼;ksgku 15%4½- f[kzLrh thoukps eeZ çHkq ;s'kwus ;k NksVîk okD;krlkafxrys vkgs- nsokP;k n`"Vhus foÜokl.kkjk çR;sdt.k R;kpk iq=;s'kw f[kzLr ;ke/;s jkgrks- LoxkZr ços'k djhy rksi;Zar rks f[kzLrkrlqjf{kr vlrks- foÜokl.kkÚ;ke/;s f[kzLr jkgrks R;keqGs ekuohn`"Vhus R;kps dqVqac] fe=eaaMGh] lgdkjh ;kauk R;k foÜokl.kkÚ;kaP;kthoukrwu f[kzLr fnlrks-


139


,[kknh yks[kaMh lGbZ foLrokr [kkspyh vkgs v'kh dYiukdjk- ckjdkbZus ikfgys rj rqEgh Eg.kky dh] ^lGbZ foLrokrvkgs*- FkksMîk osGkus vk.k[kh uhV ikfgys rj rh lGbZ rkiwu yky>kysyh rqEgkyk fnlsy vkf.k ex rqEgh Eg.kky dh ^lGbZpkfoLrop >kyk vkgs** fdaok v'kh dYiuk djk cknyhHkj ik.;kr,d di cqMfoyk vkgs- vkrk ik.;ke/;s di vkgs rlsp dike/;s ik.kh vkgs! gks; uk\

tsOgk rqepk uok tUe >kyk rsOgk ifo= vkRE;kus rqepkckfIrLek ¼cqMowu½ f[kzLrke/;s dsyk-

ifo= 'kkL= Eg.krs] ^^---rqeps thou f[kzLrkcjkscj nsoke/;s xqIr Bsoysys vkgs** ¼dyLlS 3%3½- rqepk uok tUe >kykR;keqGs vkrk rqEgh f[kzLrkr vkgk- fdrh Nku! rqepk uok tUe>kyk rsOgk iqu#fRFkr f[kzLrkps oSHko'kkyh thou rqEgke/kwu okgwykxys vkf.k ifo= vkRE;k}kjs R;kps çR;aarj rqEgkal vkys- f[kzLrrqEgke/;s txrks ;kpk rqEgkyk vkuan okVrks- ^^---xkSjokph vk'kkvlk tks f[kzLr rqEgke/;s vkgs rksp rs jgL; vkgs** ¼dyLlS1%27½ vkf.k [kjsp rqepk uok tUe >kY;keqGs vkrk iqu#fRFkrf[kzLr rqEgke/;s jkgrks- fdrh lqanj!

vkrk eh f[kzLrkr vkf.k f[kzLr ekÖ;kr* gh nksu lR;s vkgsro ifo= 'kkL= R;kcÌy dk; Eg.krs ;kpk vki.k fopkj d: %

eh f[kzLrkr vkgseh f[kzLrkr vkgseh f[kzLrkr vkgseh f[kzLrkr vkgseh f[kzLrkr vkgs^^---,d 'kjhj gks.;klkBh vki.kk lokZauk ,dk vkRE;krckfIrLek feGkyk vkgs---** ¼1 dfjaFk 12%13½-^^fdaok vki.k ftrD;kauh f[kzLr ;s'kwe/;s ckfIrLek?ksryk frrD;kauh R;kP;k ej.kkr ckfIrLek ?ksryk* ;kfo"k;h

141

rqEgh vtk.k vkgk dk;\ rj ex vki.k R;k ej.kkrhyckfIrLE;kus R;kP;kcjkscj iqjys xsyks áklkBh dh T;kçek.ksf[kzLr fiR;kP;k xkSjokus esysY;karwu mByk R;kpizek.ksvki.kgh uohu izdkjP;k thoukP;k pkykos* ¼jkse6%3&4½-^^dkj.k rqEgh e`r >kyk vkgka vkf.k rqeps thouf[kzLrkcjkscj nsoke/;s xqIr Bsfoysys vkgs** ¼dyLlS3%3½-vusd o"kkZaiwohZ] jDrkpk ddZjksx&yqdsfe;k&>kysyk ,d eqyxk

ekÖ;k ifjp;kpk >kyk gksrk- R;kosGh rks QDr lkr o"kkZapk gksrk-nj rhu eghU;kauh R;kyk ikBhP;k e.kD;kr batsD'ku ?ks.;klkBhMkWDVjdMs tkos ykxs- MkWDVjkauh R;k eqykyk&Msjhyyk&,dnk fopkjysdh brj eqykaçek.ks batsD'ku Vksprkuk rks dk jMr ukgh- MkW- R;kykEg.kkys] ^rqyk dkgh nq[kr ukgh dk js\* Msjhy Eg.kkyk] ^^MkWDVjrqEgkyk ekghr ukgh dk] batsD'kuph lqbZ Vksp.;kiwohZ rh ;s'kwP;k gkrkrvlrs-** rqEgh f[kzLrkr vlY;keqGs vkrk rqeP;k thoukrhy çR;sdxks"V ;s'kwP;k gkrkr vlrs gs fdrh vkuankps vkgs! vkf.k gkp [kjkfoÜokl vkgs!

;s'kw f[kzLrkyk rqEgh foÜoklk}kjs Lohdkjys rlsp R;kpfoÜoklkP;k}kjs rqEgkyk ;s'kw f[zkLr rqeP;k thoukrhy loZ xjtkiqjfo.;kl leFkZ vkgs- FkksMD;kr ;s'kw f[kzLrkojhy rqeP;kfoÜoklkeqGs iq<hy vk;q";Hkj rqeph o`Ùkh foÜokl;qDr vlrs-^^f[kzLr ;s'kw tks çHkq ;kyk tls rqEgh Lohdkjys rls R;kP;ke/;spkyk jkgk** ¼dyLlS 2%6½-

rqepk uok tUe >kyk vlyk rjh rqEgh ;s'kwph uDdydjkoh v'kh nsokph vis{kk ukghvls dj.;keqGs y{kko/kh f[kzLrh

iq<s dk;\


yksd fujk'k >kys- R;kauk dlysgh ;'k feGkys ukgh- nso vkiY;kf[zkLrh thoukP;k ;'kklkBh lxGh rjrwn djrks- vki.k f[kzLrkresY;keqGs fu;e'kkL=kP;k vf/kiR;k[kkyh ;sr ukgh- tls iwohZ] rlsvkrk ;kiq<s vki.k Lor%P;k bPNsyk e`r >kyks vkgks- vkiY;kLor%P;k o`Fkk vkRefoÜoklkyk vki.k e`r >kyks vkgks- ijarqiqu#fRFkr f[kzLr vkiY;kyk loZ dkgh iqjfo.;kl vxnh leFkZvkgs ;kcÌy nsockikph Lrqrh vlks-

tsOgk vki.k vkiY;k ijhus ifjfLFkrh'kh o eksgk'kh >xMwykxrks rsOgk [kjh leL;k mn~Hkors- uO;k foÜokl.kkÚ;kyk f[kzLrhthou iwohZçek.ks Lor%P;k rkdnhoj txrk ;sr ukgh v'kh tk.khogksrs- ;k o`Ùkh laca/kh lko/kkurspk b'kkjk ;s'kwus fnyk o EgVys] ^--- ekÖ;kiklwu osxGs >kY;kl rqEgkayk dkgh dfjrk ;sr ukgh**¼;ksgku 15%5½-

Lor%P;k —rZRokojp [kq"k vl.kkÚ;k xyrhdjkal ikSykusdMd 'kCnkr b'kkjk fnyk- rs yksd nsokP;k opukiklwu nwj xsysgksrs- foÜoklkiklwu <Gys gksrs- Eg.kwu ikSykus R;kauk ,d tGtGhrçÜu fopkjyk %

^^rqEgkyk fu;e'kkL=krhy dR;kaauh vkRek feGkyk fdaokfoÜokliwoZd ,sd.;kdMwu feGkyk] brdsp eyk rqEgkiklwuletwu ?;ko;kps vkgs- rqEgh brds cqf)ghu vkgkdk;\ rqEgh vkRE;kus çkjaHk dsY;koj vkrk nsgLoHkkokusiw.kZRo feGow ikgr vkgk dk;\** ¼xyrh 3%2&3½rqEgh tls foÜoklkus uO;k thoukl lq#okr dsyh r'khp

xyrhdjkauhgh dsyh gksrh- R;kp foÜoklkoj folacwu jkfgY;keqGs rs^^;s'kw f[kzLrkP;k}kjs thoukr jkT; dfjrhy* ¼jkse 5%17½ v'khvk'kk d: 'kdrkr-

143

xyrhe/;s yksd Lor%P;k cq)hoj uhfr&fu;ekaojp Hkj nsrgksrs- rs foÜoklkus pkyr uOgrs- ijarq tj rqEgh] rqEgkyk uO;kuslkiMysY;k çHkq ;s'kwoj foÜokl Bsowu pkyyk rj R;k xyrhdjkalkj[khrqeph voLFkk n;uh; gks.kkj ukgh-

f[kzLr ekÖ;kr olrksf[kzLr ekÖ;kr olrksf[kzLr ekÖ;kr olrksf[kzLr ekÖ;kr olrksf[kzLr ekÖ;kr olrks^^eh f[kzLrkcjkscj o/kLraHkkoj f[kGysyk vkgs----f[zkLrekÖ;kBk;h txrks** ¼xyrh 2%20½-^^i.k f[kzLr rqEgkae/;s vlsy rj 'kjhj tjh ikikeqGsesysys vkgs rjh vkRek uhfreRokeqGs thou vkgs-T;kus ;s'kwyk esysY;karwu mBfoys R;kpk vkRek tjrqEgke/;s oLrh dfjrks rj T;kus f[kzLr ;s'kwyk esysY;karwumBfoys rks rqEgkae/;s oLrh dj.kkÚ;k vkiY;k vkRE;kusrqeph eR;Z 'kjhjsgh ftoar djhy** ¼jkse 8%10&11½-^^ák jgL;kP;k xkSjokph laiÙkh ijjk"Vªh;kae/;s dk;vkgs rs vkiY;k ifo= t.kkauk dGfo.ks nsokyk cjsokVys] xkSjokph vk'kk vlk tks f[kzLr rqEgkae/;s vkgsrks rs jgL; vkgs** ¼dyLlS 1%27½-^^f[kzLrkus rqeP;k var%dj.kke/;s rqeP;k foÜoklkP;k}kjsoLrh djkoh---** ¼bfQl 3%17½f[kzLr rqeP;k thoukr okl djrks o R;koj rqepk foÜokl

vkgs gs letwu rqEgh Eg.kk çHkq ;s'kw] eh rq>s vkHkkj ekurks- ehdq.kh ukgh i.k rwp ek>s loZLo vkgs- rw ete/;s o ekÖ;k}kjssvlkok ;klkBh eh rqyk fouforks*- rqeP;k f[kzLrh thoukph lR;rkghp vkgs dh rqeP;k thoukph ;'kLohrk nsokus nqlÚ;k ,dkojplksifoyh vkgs vkf.k rks vkgs çHkq ;s'kw f[kzLr! rqeP;k thoukrhy

iq<s dk;\


;s.kkjh çR;sd la/kh o ladV gs dsoG ;s'kweqGsp rqEgkyk lgu djrk;sbZy- f[kzLrkf'kok; rqEgh rRoKkuh gksÅ 'kdky] f[kzLrkf'kok; rqEghmins'kd gksÅ 'kdky] f[kzLrkf'kok; rqEgh fe'kujh gksÅ 'kdkyijarq tj rqEgke/;s f[kzLr olr ulsy rj rqEgh eqGhp f[kzLrhgksÅ 'kd.kkj ukgh-

[kÚ;k vFkkZus f[kzLrh thou tx.kkjh ,dp O;Drh vkgs rhEg.kts ;s'kwp gks;- ifo= vkRE;k}kjs vR;ar peR—friw.kZ jhrhusR;kus rqeP;k ân;kr ços'k dsyk vkgs- ts Lor% rqEgkyk d/khpdjrk vkys ukgh rks vkrk rqeP;k}kjs o rqEgklkBh djhy-vuSfrd txke/;s rks rqeP;klkBh uhfreku vkgs- eksgkP;k txkrrksp rqeP;klkBh fot; vkgs- ;k LokFkhZ txkr rksp rqeP;klkBhizhrh vkgsrks iqu#RFkku o thou vkgs o rks rqeP;k ân;krolrks vkf.k rsp rqeps f[kzLrh thou vkgs-

gjoysys 'kks/kko;kl vkysY;k ;s'kwyk rqEgh rqeps thou lefiZrdsys R;keqGs rqeP;k}kjs gjoysys vusd vkRes rqEgkyk 'kks/krk ;srhy-;s'kwps thoup rqEgkae/kwu brjkalkBh okgrs gs tsOgk foÜokl.kkÚ;kykletrs rsOgk R;kps thou vxnh jkseg"kZd curs-

y{kkr Bsok] ;s'kw tjh LoxkZr vlyk rjh rks rqEgkiklwu d/khp nwj xsysyk ukgh- f'k";kauk ;k i`Fohoj lksMwu tkrkuk rks R;kaukEg.kkyk]

^^vkrk FkksMkp osG vkgs] ex tx eyk vk.k[khikg.kkj ukgh] i.k rqEgh eyk ikgky- eh ftoar vkgsEg.kwu rqEghgh ftoar jkgky- R;k fno'kh rqEgkal letsydh eh vkiY;k fiR;ke/;s] rqEgh ekÖ;ke/;s o ehrqEgke/;s vkgs** ¼;ksgku 14%19]20½

145

vkrk rqEgh ,d çÜu fopkjky] ^nsokus f[kzLrke/;s fnysys gsloZ ekÖ;k thoukr çR;{k dls mrjsy\** çÜu Nku vkgs] foÜoklgk nksu çdkjpk vkgs- ,d ckS)hd o ,d vuqHkokpk- ;kçÜukrwu rqeP;k dk;Z{ke v'kk foÜoklklaca/kh rqeph vis{kk vkgs-;kps lk/ks mÙkj vls vkgs dh fot;h f[kLrkps thou foÜokl.kkÚ;kykçkIr gksrs- tsOgk rks nsokps f[kzLrkcÌy vkHkkj ekurks rsOgk f[kzLrR;kP;krwu txw ykxrks- [kjk foÜokl usgeh gsp Eg.krks & ^ehvkHkkjh vkgs*-

rqEgh rqePkk rkj.knk;h foÜokl çdV dj.;kpk mÙke ekxZEg.kts rqeP;k loZ ikrdkaph {kek >kyh vkgs ;kcÌy rqEgh ;s'kwf[kzLrkps eukiklwu vkHkkj eku.ks gks;- rqeP;k vMp.khP;k osGh;s'kwus useds rqeP;klkBh dk; dsys ikfgts gs letwu rqEgh R;kpsvkHkkj ekuys ikfgtsr- ^foÜoklkokpwu R;kyk larks"kfo.ks v'kD;vkgs** ¼bczh 11%6½- R;kyk larks"kfo.;kph rqeph bPNk vlsy rjrqEgh foÜokliwoZd lrr R;kps vkHkkj ekuys ikfgtsr- dkj.k ;s'kwf[kzLr loZnk rqeP;klkBh lkeF;Zoku vkgs-

çHkq ;s'kw f[kzLrkoj foÜokl Bsowu R;kP;k'kh ,dfu"B jkfgY;keqGsT;k vusd f[kzLrh yksdkapk NG dj.;kr ;sr gksrk R;kauk is=kusR;kP;k i=kr R;kpk mRlkg ok<sy vlsy fyfgys vkgs- ^^rjf[kLrkyk çHkq Eg.kwu vkiY;k var%dj.kkr ifo= ekuk ¼R;kP;klkBhLor%yk osxGs djk] R;kykp rqeP;k var%dj.kkr çFke LFkku |k½**¼1 is= 3%15½- rqeP;k ;s'kw f[kzLrkojhy foÜoklkeqGs tsOgk rqepkNG gksrks rsOgk dk; djkos ;kps xqfir nsokusp lkafxrys vkgs- ;s'kwgkp rqeP;k thoukpk Lokeh vkgs gs uhV letwu ?;k-

tqU;k djkjkr nsokps ^vnksuh* vls ,d ukao vkgs ;kphvkBo.k djk- vnksuh ;k ukokpk vFkZ ^nso ek>k Lokeh vkgs-*

iq<s dk;\


tsOgk is=kus f[kzLrh yksdkauk rkdhn nsÅu fyfgys f[kzLr çHkq ;kykvkiY;k var%dj.kkr ifo= ekuk* rsOgk çHkq gkp rqepk Lokehvkgs v'khp R;klaca/kh R;kph dYiuk gksrh-

çHkq ;s'kwp vkrk rqeP;k thoukpk Lokeh vkgs R;keqGs R;kphv{k; lgHkkfxrk rqEgkyk lrr vkuan ns.kkjhp Bjsy- rqeP;k loZnSuafnu xjtk Hkkxfo.;kl rksp vkgs vlk foÜokl rqEgkae/;sok<hl ykxsy- tkWtZ eWFklu vkiY;k dforsr Eg.krkr]

çHkq eyk rw cafnoku djEg.kts eh eqDr gksbZuryokj mil.;kl eyk tksj nsEg.kts eh fot;h gksbZu-Lokra«; Eg.kts LoSjkpkj uOgss- ekÖ;kp bPNsçek.ks eh dkghgh

djkos gk gDd lksMwu ns.;kr [kjs Lokra«; vkgs- myV eh tsdsysp ikfgts rs dj.ks Eg.ktsp Lokra«;! ikSy dk; Eg.krks rs /;kukr ?;k] ^^eyk tks lkeF;Z nsrks R;kP;kdMwu eh loZ dkghdjko;kl 'kfDreku vkgs** ¼fQfyIiS 4%13½-

vk;yZaM ns'kkr 1859 e/;s >kysY;k lathou lHkse/;sgtkjks yksd f[kzLrkdMs vkys- R;k loZ yksdkauh Lor%yk vR;arfoÜoklkus f[kzLrkyk lefiZr dsys vkf.k leiZ.kkps xhr R;kauhfoÜoklkus xkbZys- R;kosGh vusd yksdkauk iqu#fRFkr çHkq ;s'kwP;klkeF;kZpk vo?ks thoup cnywu Vkd.kkjk vuqHko vkyk- R;keqGsR;k ns'kkpk psgjk eksgjkp cnywu xsyk-

dks.kR;k rjh djkjkoj lgh dj.ks Qkjls gq'kkjhps dke ulysrjh iq<hy fnysY;k djkji=koj lgh dj.ks rqeP;k fgrkps Bjsy-R;keqGs rqEgh nsokyk ;ksX; vlkp çfrlkn |ky gs uDdh-

147

^^vkrk T;k 'kkarhP;k nsokus loZdkGP;k djkjkP;kjDrkus esa<jkapk egku esa<ikG] vkiyk çHkq ;s'kw ákykesysY;karwu ijr vkf.kys- rks nso vkiY;k n`"Vhus tsvkoMrs rs vkiY;ke/;s ;s'kw f[kzLrkP;k }kjs djks o rksvkiY;k bPNsçek.ks djko;kl rqEgkyk çR;sd pkaxY;kdkekr fl) djks- R;k ;s'kw f[kzLrkyk ;qxkuq;qx xkSjovlks- vkesu** ¼bczh 13%20]21½

gaxsjh ;sFkwu vkysys ,d i=gaxsjh ;sFkwu vkysys ,d i=gaxsjh ;sFkwu vkysys ,d i=gaxsjh ;sFkwu vkysys ,d i=gaxsjh ;sFkwu vkysys ,d i=

^rqEgh eyk ikBfoysys ifo= 'kkL= vf.k fjpMZ cs™ksV ;kauhfyfgysys ^rqepk nsokpk 'kks/k* ;k iqLrdkcÌy eh rqepk vkHkkjhvkgs-

rs iqLrd eh ifo= 'kkL=ke/khy lanHkkZlg okpwu iw.kZ dsys-^rqepk nsokpk 'kks/k* ;k iqLrdkeqGs eh d'kkoj vkf.k d'kkdfjrk

foÜokl Bsokok ;kpk eyk myxMk >kyk vkgs- vkrk eh ,dpkaxyk foÜokl.kkjk cuyks vkgs vkf.k foÜokliwoZd eh ekÖ;kthoukps ;s'kw f[kLrkyk leiZ.k dsys vkgs**-

VªkUl oYMZ jsfMvksP;k vgokykrwu çLrqr-

iq<s dk;\

vkrk rqEgh foÜoklkus Lor%ps

leiZ.k djkosEg.kwu 'kkL=opus iq<hy ikukaoj fnyh

vkgsr-

ek>s foÜoklkfo"k;h leiZ.k

nso tks firk ek>k nso vkgsftoar o lR; nsokph lsok dj.;kl rqEgh eqfrZiklwu nsokdMs

oGyk ¼1 FksLly 1%10½

;s'kw f[kzLr gk ek>k çHkq o rkj.kkjk vkgs-iÜpkrki o ikikaph {kek gh ns.kxh ns.;kdfjrk nsokus R;kyk

¼;s'kwyk½ vkiY;k mtO;k gkrk'kh vf/kirh o rkj.kkjk vls mPpin fnys- ¼çs-— 5%31½-

nsokP;k fçrhus Hkj.;klkBh eh ifo= vkRek Lohdkjrks-vki.kkyk fnysY;k ifo= vkRE;kP;k }kjs vkiY;k var%dj.kkr

nsokP;k çhrhpk o"kkZo >kyk vkgs- ¼jkse 5%5½

nsokps opu eh ekÖ;k thoukpk fu;e Eg.kwuLohdkjrks-

çR;sd ijesÜoj çsfjr 'kkL=ys[k ln~cks/k] nks"k nk[kfo.ks]lq/kkj.kwd] uhfrf'k{k.k ;kdfjrk mi;ksxh vkgs- ;klkBh dh nsokpk

HkDr iw.kZ gksÅu çR;sd pkaxY;k dkeklkBh lTt Ogkok-¼2 rheF; 3%16]17½-

nsokps yksd eh ek>s yksd Eg.kwu Lohdkjrks-rqeps yksd rs ek>s yksd] rqepk nso rks ek>k nso- ¼:Fk 1%16½

149


eh ekÖ;k çHkqyk ek>s loZLo leiZ.k djrks-vkiY;krhy dks.kh Lor%dfjrk txr ukgh vkf.k dks.kh Lor%dfjrkejr ukgh- dkj.k tj vki.k txrks rj çHkqdfjrk txrks] vkf.ktj vki.k ejrks rj çHkqdfjrk ejrks Eg.kwu vki.k txyks fdaok

esyks rjh vki.k çHkqpsp vkgks- ¼jkse 14%7]8½

gs loZ eh tk.khoiwoZd djrks-rqEgh dks.kkph lsok dj.kkj gs vktp Bjok---eh vkf.k ek>s ?kjk.ks

rj ijesÜojkph lsok dj.kkj ¼;gks'kok 24%15½-

eh çkekf.kdi.ks loZ dkgh dj.kkj-nSfgd Kkukus uOgs rj nsokP;k —isus] vkEgh txkr o fo'ks"kd:urqeP;kcjkscj nsokus fnysY;k ifo=rsus o lkfRodi.kkus okxyks-

¼2 dfjaFk 1%12½

eh gs loZ larks"kkus dj.kkjrqÖ;k ijkØekP;k fno'kh rq>s yksd larks"kkus iq<s gksrkr-

¼Lrks= 110%3½-

eh gs loZ lrr djhr jkghu-f[kzLrkP;k çhrhiklwu vkiY;kyk dks.k foHkDr djhy\ Dys'k]vkifÙk] NG.kwd] miklekj] uXurk] ladV fdaok rjokj gh

foHkDr djhy dk;\ ¼jkse 8%35½

lgh %

fnukad %

151

;kp ys[kdkps iq<hyiqLrd]

^foÜoklkdfjrkv™k*

gs okp.;kl rqEgh m|qDrOgky-

,[kk|k ikdfØ;sP;k iqLrdkrhy lqanj ikdfØ;k dsoG okpwudks.kh mik'khp jkgrks( rlsp ifo= 'kkL=krhy lqanj

^ikdfØ;k* okpwugh dks.kh vkfRedn`"Vîk mik'kh jkgw 'kdrks!

nsokps opu xzg.k d:u ipfo.;klkBh ^foÜoklkdfjrk v™k*gs iqLrd ifo= 'kkL=koj vk/kkfjr vlwu R;krhy ^iDok™k*rqeP;k gkrkrwu eLrdkdMs o eLrdkdMwu ân;kdMs iksgaprs-

BevF

Typewritten Text

www.CCIM-Media.com

BevF

Typewritten Text

BevF

Typewritten Text

BevF

Typewritten Text

BevF

Typewritten Text

BevF

Typewritten Text

BevF

Typewritten Text

BevF

Typewritten Text

BevF

Typewritten Text

BevF

Typewritten Text

BevF

Typewritten Text

BevF

Typewritten Text

BevF

Typewritten Text

BevF

Typewritten Text

BevF

Typewritten Text

BevF

Typewritten Text

BevF

Typewritten Text

BevF

Typewritten Text

cmyk rqepk nsokpk 'kks/k · rqepk nsokpk 'kks/k r qe p k n so k p k ' k k s/ k rqepk nsokpk 'kks/k...

Documents

Transcript of cmyk rqepk nsokpk 'kks/k · rqepk nsokpk 'kks/k r qe p k n so k p k ' k k s/ k rqepk nsokpk 'kks/k...