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Transcript of CitectSCADA Networks
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Citect Pty Ltd
3 Fitzsimmons Lane
Gordon NSW 2072
Australia
www.citect.com
Version5.5
CitectSC D Networks
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DISCLAIMERCitectPty.Limitedmakesnorepresentationsorwarrantieswithrespecttothismanualand,tothemaximumextentpermittedbylaw,expresslylimitsitsliabilityforbreachofanywarrantythatmaybeimpliedtothereplacementofthismanualwithanother.Further,CitectPty.Limitedreservesthe
righttorevisethispublicationatanytimewithoutincurringanobligationtonotifyanypersonoftherevision.
COPYRIGHTCopyright2003CitectPtyLimited.Allrightsreserved.
TRADEMARKSCitectPtyLimitedhasmadeeveryefforttosupplytrademarkinformationaboutcompanynames,productsandservicesmentionedinthismanual.Trademarksshownbelowwerederivedfromvarioussources.
CitectSCADA,CitectHMI/SCADA,CitectFacilitiesandCitectSCADABatchareregisiteredtrademarksofCitectPty.Limited.
IBM,IBMPCandIBMPCATareregisteredtrademerksofInternatrionalBusinessMachineCorporation.
MS-DOS,Windows,Windows98,Windows2000,WindowsXPandExcelaretrademarksofMicrosoftCorporation.
dBaseisatrademarkofBorlandInc.
GeneralNotice:
Someproductnamesusedinthismanualareusedforidentificationpurposesonlyandmaybetrademarksoftheirrespectivecompanies.
October2003EditionforCitectSCADAVersion5.5
ManualRevision1.0
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IntroductiontoNetworks
Forlargeapplications,youcanaddaLANtotheCitectHMI/SCADAsystem,oruseanexistingLANsupportedbyCitectHMI/SCADA.
YoucanuseNetBEUI,IPX/SPX,TCP/IP,andothernetworkprotocolswithCitectHMI/SCADA.
CitectHMI/SCADAalsosupportsallprotocolscompatiblewithNetBIOS,forexample,NovellNetware,LANManager(withWindows3.1,WindowsforWorkgroups,andWindowsNT),andvariousothernetworkoperatingsystems.CitectHMI/SCADAcanusemultipleprotocolsatthesametime.
CitectHMI/SCADAsupports'ScalableArchitecture',permittingyoutoinitiallyimplementCitectHMI/SCADAonasinglecomputer,oroverasmallnetwork,andthenexpandthesystematalaterstage(tosuitbudget,developmentpath,etc),withouttheneedtoreplaceexistinghardware,software,orsystemconfiguration.
UsingCitectHMI/SCADAonaLANaddsmoreflexibilitytothesystem,andcoordinationwithinlargeplantscanbemoreeasilyachieved.Youcancontrolandmonitorautonomousareaswithintheplantseparately,andinterrogatethewholeplantusinganyCitectHMI/SCADAcomputeronthe
networkifyouwish.
ALANcanalsobeusedto:
Distributetheprocessingloadforlargesystems.SeeUsingDistributedProcessing.
Provideredundancy.SeeBuildingRedundancyIntoYourSystem.
Thefollowingillustrationprovidesanexampleof3CitectHMI/SCADADisplayClients(with1alsoperformingasaCitectHMI/SCADAI/OServer)connectedtoacommonexistingLAN(whichhasanon-CitectHMI/SCADAFileServer).
Display
Client
LAN
Display
Client
File
Server
Display Client
Server /
ToI/O Devices
EachruntimeCitectHMI/SCADAmachineisaDisplayClientoftheCitectHMI/SCADAsystem.YoucandistributeDisplayClientsthroughoutyourplant,tocontrolandmonitorindividualregions(orareas),andthroughoutyouroffices,toprovidehigh-levelinformationtotheappropriatepersonnelinyourorganisation.Youcanconnectasmanyas256DisplayClientstoaCitectHMI/SCADAsystem.
EachCitectHMI/SCADADisplayClientPCconnectedtoanI/ODevicemustalsobesetupasaCitectHMI/SCADAI/OServer.OneormoreCitectHMI/SCADADisplayClientscanalsobeconfiguredtobeaCitectHMI/SCADAServer,usedtoprocessalarms,reports,ortrends.
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SettingupaNetwork
Toset-upaLocalAreaNetwork(LAN)forCitectHMI/SCADA,youmusthavesuccessfullyinstalledall(non-CitectHMI/SCADA)networkhardwareandsoftwareinstrictaccordancewiththeinstructionsprovidedbythemanufacturerasappropriate,andyoushouldalsobequitefamiliarwiththebasicoperationofthenetwork.
YoumustinstalltheCitectHMI/SCADAsoftwareoneveryPCmachineyouwishtouseasaCitectHMI/SCADAdesign-timedevelopmentmachine,runtimeCitectHMI/SCADADisplayClient,CitectHMI/SCADAI/OServer,andCitectHMI/SCADAAlarm,Report,orTrendServer.
Youmustalsoset-upCitectHMI/SCADAforyournetwork,usingtheComputerSet-upWizardoneachandeveryoneoftheafore-mentionedmachines.
ItispossibletoconfigureyourCitectHMI/SCADAsystemforusewithWideAreaNetworks(WANs).Fordetails,seeConfiguringCitectHMI/SCADAtocommunicateoveraWAN.
To start the Citect Computer Setup Wizard:1. SelecttheCitectExplorer.
(orpressthisbutton)
2. Intheprojectlistarea,selectMy Projects-designatedbyacomputericon.3. DoubleclicktheCompute SetupWizard
icon.r
-or-
3. FromtheToolsmenuselectComputer Setup.NOTE: SeetheComputerSetupFlowDiagramformoredetailsonExpressandCustomSet-up
selections.
To set-up CitectHMI/SCADA for your network:1. RuntheComputerSetupWizard.
2. SelectCustom Setup,andclickNext.3. Onthe'ComputerRoleSetup'page,selecttheappropriate'NetworkComputer'option.
4. Followthepromptsgivenbythewizard.Ifthecomputeristobeusedasaserver,selecttheappropriateservertype(Alarms,Reports,Trends)whenthepageforthatservertypedisplays.
5. Onthe'Alarms,Reports,andTrendsServerSetup'page,enteranappropriatenameforthis
serveronthenetwork.Thisisthenamethatothermachinesonthenetworkwillbeconfiguredtoconnectwith.
6. Onthe'NetworkSetup'page,entertheNetworkComputerNameforthismachine.(TheNetworkcomputernamecanbeviewedinthe'NetworkProperties'taboftheWindowsSystemPropertiesdialog.Right-clicktheMyComputerIconandselectProperties.)
7. ContinuetotheendofthewizardandpresstheFinishbutton,tosavethesettings.NOTE: SeetheComputerSetupFlowDiagramformoredetailsonExpressandCustomSet-up
selections.
To set-up a CitectHMI/SCADA Display Client:1. RuntheComputerSetupWizard.
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2. SelectExpress Setup(youcanruninCustommodeifdesired),andclickNext.3. Onthe'ComputerRoleSetup'page,selecttheappropriate'DisplayClient'option.
4. Followtheprompts,continuetotheendofthewizard,andpresstheFinishbutton,tosavethesettings.
NOTE: SeetheComputerSetupFlowDiagramformoredetailsonExpressandCustomSet-upselections.
To set-up an I/O Server:1. RuntheComputerSetupWizard.
2. SelectExpress Setup(youcanruninCustommodeifdesired),andclickNext.3. Onthe'ComputerRoleSetup'page,selecttheappropriate'Server'option,andclickNext.4. Onthe'I/OServerSetup'page,selectThis computer is an I/O Server.5. SelectanappropriateI/OServer,andclickNext.6. Followthepromptsgivenbythewizard.IfthecomputeristobeusedasanAlarm,Report,or
Trendserver,selecttheappropriateservertypewhenthepageforthatservertypedisplays.
7. Iftheserveristobeanetworkserver,the'Alarms,Reports,andTrendsServerSetup'pagewilldisplay.Enteranappropriatenameforthisserveronthenetwork.Thisisthenamethatothermachinesonthenetworkwillbeconfiguredtoconnectwith.
8. ContinuetotheendofthewizardandpresstheFinishbutton,tosavethesettings.NOTE: SeetheComputerSetupFlowDiagramformoredetailsonExpressandCustomSet-up
selections.
To set-up an Alarms Server:1. RuntheComputerSetupWizard.
2. SelectCustom Setup,andclickNext.3. Onthe'ComputerRoleSetup'page,selecttheappropriate'Server'option,andclickNext.4. Followthepromptsgivenbythewizard.IfthecomputeristobeusedasanAlarm,Report,or
Trendserver,selecttheappropriateservertypewhenthepageforthatservertypedisplays.
5. Onthe'AlarmsSetup-Advanced'page,enterappropriatevaluestoconfigurethebehaviouroftheAlarmServer.ClickHelponthewizarddialogforoptiondetails.
6. Iftheserveristobeanetworkserver,the'Alarms,Reports,andTrendsServerSetup'pagewilldisplay.Enteranappropriatenameforthisserveronthenetwork.Thisisthenamethatother
machinesonthenetworkwillbeconfiguredtoconnectwith.7. ContinuetotheendofthewizardandpresstheFinishbutton,tosavethesettings.NOTE: SeetheComputerSetupFlowDiagramformoredetailsonExpressandCustomSet-up
selections.
Toset-upaTrendsServer:
1. RuntheComputerSetupWizard.
2. SelectCustom Setup,andclickNext.3. Onthe'ComputerRoleSetup'page,selecttheappropriate'Server'option,andclickNext.4. Followthepromptsgivenbythewizard.IfthecomputeristobeusedasanAlarm,Report,or
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Trendserver,selecttheappropriateservertypewhenthepageforthatservertypedisplays.
5. Onthe'TrendsSetup-Advanced'page,clickHelponthewizarddialogforoptiondetails.6. Iftheserveristobeanetworkserver,the'Alarms,Reports,andTrendsServerSetup'pagewill
display.Enteranappropriatenameforthisserveronthenetwork.Thisisthenamethatothermachinesonthenetworkwillbeconfiguredtoconnectwith.
7. ContinuetotheendofthewizardandpresstheFinishbutton,tosavethesettings.NOTE: SeetheComputerSetupFlowDiagramformoredetailsonExpressandCustomSet-up
selections.
To set-up a Reports Server:1. RuntheComputerSetupWizard.
2. SelectCustom Setup,andclickNext.3. Onthe'ComputerRoleSetup'page,selecttheappropriate'Server'option,andclickNext.4. Followthepromptsgivenbythewizard.IfthecomputeristobeusedasanAlarm,Report,or
Trendserver,selecttheappropriateservertypewhenthepageforthatservertypedisplays.
5. Onthe'ReportsSetup-Advanced'page,selectastartupreportifrequired.ClickHelponthewizarddialogforoptiondetails.
6. Iftheserveristobeanetworkserver,the'Alarms,Reports,andTrendsServerSetup'pagewilldisplay.Enteranappropriatenameforthisserveronthenetwork.Thisisthenamethatothermachinesonthenetworkwillbeconfiguredtoconnectwith.
7. ContinuetotheendofthewizardandpresstheFinishbutton,tosavethesettings.NOTE: SeetheComputerSetupFlowDiagramformoredetailsonExpressandCustomSet-up
selections.
To set-up a Time Server:NOTE: ATimeServercanONLYbeset-uponaCitectHMI/SCADAI/OServermachine.1. RuntheComputerSetupWizard.
2. SelectCustom Setup,andclickNext.3. Onthe'ComputerRoleSetup'page,selecttheappropriate'Server'option,andclickNext.4. Onthe'I/OServerSetup'page,selectThis computer is an I/O Server.5. SelectanappropriateI/OServer,andclickNext.7. Followthepromptsgivenbythewizard.Onthe'TimeSetup'page,selectThis computer is theTime Server,andclickNext.8. ContinuetotheendofthewizardandpresstheFinishbutton,tosavethesettings.NOTE: SeetheComputerSetupFlowDiagramformoredetailsonExpressandCustomSet-up
selections.
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UsingDistributedProcessing
Inverylargeapplicationswithlargeamountsofdata,youmightneedtodistributethedataprocessingtoreducetheloadonindividualcomputers.
WithCitectHMI/SCADA,thefunctionoftheCitectHMI/SCADAServercanbedividedintofive
individualtasks.Thesetasksare: CommunicatingwiththeI/ODevices(I/OServer)Monitoringandprocessingalarms(AlarmsServer)Processingreports(ReportsServer)Accumulationandprocessingofhistoricaldatafortrending(TrendsServer)Synchronisationofsystemtime(TimeServer)
Thesetaskscanbeperformedonasinglecomputer,orcanbedistributedbetweentwoormorecomputers.
Display
Client
LAN
Display
Client
File
Server
Alarms Server
I/O Server
To
I/O Devices
Time Server Trends Server
Reports Server
Forverylargeapplications,youcanassignaseparatecomputerforeachtask.
Display
Client
LAN
Display
Client
File
Server
AlarmsI/O Server
To
I/O Devices
Time Server
Trends
ServerServer Server
Reports
Display
Client
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ThisisachievedbyrunningtheCitectHMI/SCADAComputersetupWizardonthemachineyouwishtobecometheparticularserver(I/O,Alarms,Reports,orTrends).
AnyCitectHMI/SCADAServermachinecanbeconfiguredtobehaveasaproxyserverbyapplyingappropriateCitect.INIparametersonthatmachine.Fordetails,seePROXIparametersettingstomakethecomputeraproxyServerforI/Orequests.
AnyCitectHMI/SCADAServermachinecanbeconfiguredtobehaveasaFileTransfer(FTP)ServerforInternetDisplayClientsifrequired.SeeINTERNETparametersettingstomakethecomputeranFTPserver.
AnyCitectHMI/SCADAServermachinecanbeconfiguredtouseTCP/IPoveraWideAreaNetwork(WAN)ifrequired.SeeLANparametersettingstoallowtheuseofTCPIPovertheWAN.
ThelimitationsprovidedbysomenetworkconfigurationscanbeeasedbydistributingtheprocessingloadacrossmultipleI/OServers.SeeSplittingtheProcessingLoadforMultipleI/OServers.
Splitting the Processing Load for Multiple I/O ServersYoucanuseupto255I/OServersonasingleCitectHMI/SCADAsystem.TheconfigurationoftheI/OServersdependsonhoweachI/OServerisconnectedtotheI/ODevices.ThefollowingguidelineswillhelpyouachieveoptimumperformanceinasystemwithmultipleI/OServers.
Ifall(ormost)I/OServerssharethesamephysicallinktotheI/ODevices(e.g.aPLCnetwork)andthePLCnetworkistheperformancebottleneck,onlyoneI/OServershouldcommunicatewiththeI/ODevices(PLCnetwork).
However,withsomePLCnetworkstheinterfacecardintheI/OServeristhebottleneck.Inthissituation,youshouldsharethecommunicationloadacrossallI/OServers.YoushouldalsosharethecommunicationloadacrossallI/OServerswheneachI/OServerhasitownphysicallinktothe
I/ODevice(forexample,individualseriallinks).
Notethattheconfigurationdependstotallyonthetypeofprotocolyouareusing.BecauseitiseasytochangehowtheI/OServersaresetup(youonlyneedtochangetheStartupModeintheI/ODevicesform),youshouldexperimenttofindthebestperformanceforyourplant.
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UsingDistributedServers
Ifyourplantconsistsofanumberofdifferentsectionsorsystems,youcanconfigureacorrespondingnumberofclustersofCitectHMI/SCADAServers,andassigneachclustertoadifferentsection.AllsystemscanthenbemonitoredusingasingleDisplayClient-theGlobalClient.
Disp lay
Client
Disp lay
Client
Primary Server /
Disp lay Client
Sta nd by Server /
Disp lay C lien t
LAN
Disp lay
Client
Disp lay
Client
Primary Server /
Disp lay Client
Standby Server /
Disp lay Client
Client
Global
Cluster for Sec tion 1 Cluster for Sec tion 2
WAN
Bridge
Bridge
Bridge
Bridge
Eachclusterrunsitsownuniqueproject.Ithasuniquealarms,trends,reports,anddisplaypages.TheGlobalClientcandisplayinformationfromanyoftheclusterprojects.Forexample,attheGlobalClient,youcoulddisplaytheTrendpagefromPlant1,thenswitchtotheTrendpagefromPlant2.
Ideally,aglobalsystemshouldconsistofnomorethaneightclusters.
NOTE: DistributedServersshouldNOTbeusedtosplitupasinglesiteintodiscreteareas.Asingleclustersystemwithdistributedprocessingwouldbebettersuitedtothissituation,asitwouldnotbehamperedbythemaintenanceoverheadofadistributedserversystem(suchasextraprojectcompilationsetc.).
Switching Between ClustersFromtheGlobalClient,youcandisplayinformationfromanyoftheclustersinyoursystem.Todoso,youmustfirstattachtotherelevantclusterserver(AlarmsServer,ReportsServeretc.),usingtheClusterSetName()function.Onceattached,youcandisplayanyinformation(suchasTrendTags,Alarmpagesetc.)fromthecluster'sproject.
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Configuring Projects for Distributed ServersInorderfortheGlobalClienttofunctioncorrectly,somecaremustbetakenwhenthevariousprojectsareconfigured.Atypicalsystemwouldconsistof: aGlobalIncludeProject aClusterProjectforeachcluster aGlobalDisplayProject
The Global Include ProjectTheGlobalIncludeProjectexistspurelytobeincludedineachoftheClusterProjects.ItwouldcontainCicodefunctions,fonts,devices,users,groups,andglobalkeyboardcommands.
Cluster ProjectsAllClusterProjectsmustbeincludedintheGlobalDisplayProject.EachClusterProjectwouldcontainthefollowinginformationforitscluster:
Tags Reports I/OServers AlarmsandAlarmCategories I/ODevices GeniesandSuperGenies
Templates Pages Trends Symbols
BecauseallClusterProjectsareincludedintheGlobalDisplayProject,Tagnames,I/ODevicenamesetc.mustbeuniqueforeachcluster.Forexample,youcannothaveanI/OdevicenamedIODev_1ineachClusterProject.TheClusterProjectswilleachbecompiledandrunfromaDisplayClientintherelevantcluster.SoCluster Project AwillberunfromaDisplayClientinCluster A,andsoon.
The Global Display ProjectTheGlobalDisplayProjectwouldbecompiledandrunfromtheGlobalClient.Itwouldcontainasinglestartuppage,andwouldincludeeachoftheClusterProjects.Thestartuppagecouldcontain
anumberofbuttonsforswitchingtovariouspagesfromeachoftheclusters(usingtheClusterSetName()function).
Configuring CitectHMI/SCADA to communicate over a WANAproxyI/OServerisusedfortheoptimisationofCitectnetworktrafficforI/Orequests.ItisthereforeparticularlysuitedforusewithwidelydistributedIOServersoveraWideAreaNetwork.CitectProxyServersareoftenusedwithWANsandcanalsobeusedasFileTransfer(FTP)ServersforInternetDisplayClientsifrequired.
ThereareseveralCitect.INIparametersthatworktogethertoachievethe3typesofconfigurationas
describedbelow.1-LANparametersettingstoallowtheuseofTCPIPovertheWAN
2-PROXIparametersettingstomakethecomputeraproxyServerforI/Orequests
3-INTERNETparametersettingstomakethecomputeranFTPserver
LAN parameter settings to allow the use of TCPIP over a WANAtypicalarrangementofparametersandsettingsisshownbelow.Thecriticalsettingis'Tcpip=1'toenabletheuseofWindowsSocketsbyCitect.TheReadpoolandSessionsparametershavebeenincreasedinthisexampletocaterforalargenetworkwithmanyI/OServersconnectingtotheProxiServer.TCPIPdoesnothavethemaximumsessionslimitthatNETBIOShas(maximumof255sessions),andsopermitsmoreCitectcommunicationsessionsthanNETBIOSallows.
[LAN]
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Node=TEST_PCDisable=0LanA=-1Netbios=1Tcpip=1Readpool=8096Sessions=1024
Youwillneedtoputthe'Tcpip=1'settingintothe[LAN]sectionoftheCitect.inifileforalloftheI/Oserversaswell.
TheDNSsectionmustdefinetheIPaddressfortheCitectserverandalltheI/OServersintheproject(s).Thisismostimportantforredundancy.
[DNS]Primary=192.168.10.33 (TheCitectPrimaryR.A.T.server)Secondary= (anyStandbyR.A.T.server)IOServerA=192.168.10.11 (identifyeverysingleI/Oserverhere)IOServerN=192.168.10.99
PROXI parameter settings to make the computer a Proxy server for I/O requestsACitectHMI/SCADAmachinecanbesettoperformasaproxyI/OServerthroughtheuseofthePROXIparametersettingsoftheprojectCitect.INIfileontheproxyservermachine.Forexample:
[PROXI]IOServerA=MyProxy (anynameyouwanttogivetheproxyserver)IOServerN=MyProxy
ORifasingleproxyI/Oserveristobeused,thefollowingsettingcanbeused,however,theabovemakesalotmoresensetootherpeoplemaintainingthesystem.
[PROXI]ALL=MyProxy
Theothersettingsrequiredareasfollows:
[IOSERVER]Server=1Name=MyProxy
Where"MyProxy"isanyProxyI/Oservernameyouwanttogiveit.ThismachinewillactuallyrunupasanI/OServer,andgetitsactualI/OdatafromthelistofI/OServers.
Internet parameter settings to make the computer an FTP serverTypicalsettingstodothisareshowninthefollowingexample:
[INTERNET]Server=1display=patrick (anytextpasswordforadisplaylicence)manager=jimmeh (anytextpasswordforamanagerlicence)RunFTP=1ZipFiles=0LogFile=D:\
NOTE: Donotmakethemanageranddisplaypasswordsthesame.
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TousethisconfigurationwithalargenetworkcontainingmanyI/OServersandnetworkClients,someofthedefaultresourcesettingsofCitectmayneedtobeincreased.Inparticular,thenetworkingresourcesmayneedtobeincreasede.g.[LAN]Readpooland[LAN]Sessionsparameters.The[KERNEL]Queueparametermayalsoneedtobeincreased.
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BuildingRedundancyIntoYourSystem
Whilereliabilityisakeyfeatureofmostcurrentcomputerhardware,breakdownscanstilloccur.Ifsome(orall)oftheprocessesinyourplantarecritical,orifthepotentialdowntimethroughfailurecouldbeexcessive,youshoulddesignalevelofredundancyintoyourCitectHMI/SCADAsystem.Asystemwithin-builtredundancyminimisesinterruptionsduetoequipmentfailure.Youcanchoose
alevelofredundancytosuittheapplication.
RedundancyisdesignedintoCitectHMI/SCADAandcanbeimplementedwithoutchangingtheprojectconfiguration.(CitectHMI/SCADAwasdesignedfortotalredundancysupport.AlmosteverythinginCitectHMI/SCADAcanbemaderedundant:systemdisplay,alarms,trends,reports,I/OServers,externalI/ODevices,DiskI/ODevices,Networkcables,NetworkFileServers,FTPServers,etc.)
TheCitectHMI/SCADAComputerSetupWizardallowsyoutosetupredundancywhenyoudefinethefunctionofeachcomputeronthenetwork.
I/O Server RedundancySystemswithasingleI/OServerhaveasinglepointoffailure.IftheServerfails,controlandmonitoringofthesystemislost.ThesinglepointoffailurecanbeeliminatedwitharedundantI/OServerthatisconnectedtothesameI/ODevices.TheseCitectHMI/SCADAServersarecalledtheprimaryandStandbyServers.
Display
Client
LAN
Display
Client
File
Server
Primary Server /
DisplayClient
Standby Server /
Display Client
Whenthesystemisinoperation,CitectHMI/SCADAmaintainsbothserversidentically.Iftheprimaryserverfails,thestandbyserverassumestotalcontrolwithoutanyinterruptiontothesystem.Whentheprimaryserverisreturnedtoservice,CitectHMI/SCADAautomaticallyreturnscontroltotheprimaryserver.CitectHMI/SCADAalsoensuresthatnodataislost.
I/OServerredundancystabilisesthesystembyremovingthesinglepointoffailure(theCitectHMI/SCADAI/OServer).However,intheeventoffailurebytheLAN,controlandmonitoringbytheDisplayClientsislost(althoughcontrolandmonitoringbytheserversismaintained).
NOTE: Whenthesystemisrunning,youcanuseredundantI/OServerstosplittheprocessingload.RedundantI/OServersresultinhigherperformance,becauseallI/OServerscanberunninginparallelwhenservicingtheI/ODevices.
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Redundancy and PersistenceIfyouareusingServerredundancy,PersistenceCacheskeepStandbyServersupdatedwiththemostrecentlyreaddevicedata.APersistenceCacheiscreatedforeachcachedI/ODevice.Considerthefollowingsetup:
Standby
Data Path
IODev_2
IOServer1
Primary
Data Path
LAN
IOServer2
Modem Modem
PSTN
Modem
IODev_1
Modem
Every[IOServer]SavePeriod,IOServer1savesitsin-memorycachetodisk.ThecacheissavedinPersistenceCaches,oneforeachcacheddevice.IOServer1broadcaststoallotherI/OServerstheUNCpathofthePersistenceCaches(setwith[IOServer]SaveNetwork).FromthesePersistenceCaches,IOServer2updatesitsin-memorycacheforitsI/ODevices.
NOTE: YoucandefineanI/ODeviceonanI/OServerusingtheExpressCommunicationsWizard,orbyaddingadeviceintheI/ODevicesforminCitect'sProjectEditor.
YouarenotlimitedtojustoneStandbyServer,sincetheUNCpathnamesetin[IOServer]SaveNetworkisbroadcasttoallI/OServers.EachI/OServerupdatesitscachefromthePersistenceCachesonlyfortheI/ODevicesdefinedonthatserver.Youcan,therefore,setupanumberofI/OServerstoupdatetheirin-memorycacheswiththemostrecentlyreaddata.
Forthisexample,the[IOServer]SaveFileand[IOServer]SaveNetworkparameterswouldneedtobesetasfollows:
On IOServer1 On IOServer2[IOServer] [IOServer]
SaveFile=C:\Data\IOServer1.dat SaveFile=C:\Data\IOServer2.dat
SaveNetwork=\\IOServer1\Data\IOServer1.dat SaveNetwork=\\IOServer2\Data\IOServer2.dat
IOServer1wouldbroadcastthepath'\\IOServer1\Data\IOServer1.dat'totheotherI/OServers.IOServer2wouldthenusethePersistenceCachestoupdateitsin-memorycachewiththedevicedatamostrecentlyreadbyIOServer1.
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Data Path RedundancyWithmostbrandsofPLCs,youcaninstallaparalleldatapathfromtheI/OServertotheI/ODevice.Aparalleldatapathensuresthatifonedatapathfails,yoursystemcancontinuewithoutinterruption.
StandbyData Path
I/O Device
I/O Server
Primary
Data Path
I/O Device
I/O Server
Whenyoustartyourruntimesystem,CitectHMI/SCADAconnectstotheI/ODeviceusingtheprimarydatapath.IfcommunicationwiththeI/ODevicefailsatanytime(e.g.ifthecommunicationscableiscut),CitectHMI/SCADAswitchestothestandbydatapath.CitectHMI/SCADAreconnectsthroughtheprimarydatapathwhenitisreturnedtoservice.
Youcanalsousedatapathredundancyonanetwork,asinthefollowingdiagram:
StandbyData Path
PrimaryData Path
LAN
I/O Server
StandbyPrimary
Inthisexample,I/ODevicecommunicationismaintainedifeitheroneoftheI/OServersoritscommunicationscablefails.
IfyourI/ODevicessupportpeer-to-peercommunication,youcanprovidetotalredundancytoyoursystembyduplicatingI/ODevices-asinthefollowingdiagram:
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Standby
Data Path
I/O Device
I/O Server
Primary
Data Path
LAN
I/O Server
StandbyPrimary
I/O Device
Primary Standby
OneoftheseI/ODevicesisthePrimaryI/ODevice,andtheotheristheStandbyI/ODevice.(You
canalsohavemorethanoneStandbyI/ODevice.) WhenbothI/ODevicesarerunning,CitectHMI/SCADAprocessestheI/OonthePrimaryI/ODevice.ThisreducestheI/OloadontheI/ODevice(andPLCnetwork),whichiscriticalforthebestperformance.YoudonothavetosynchronisedatabetweenthePrimaryandStandbyI/ODevices.
NOTE: AlthoughI/OServersareallthesameand,therefore,donotadoptaPrimaryorStandbyrole,theyaregenerallylabelled"Primary"and"Standby".Soa"Primary"I/OServeristheI/OServerwiththePrimaryI/ODevicesconnectedanda"Standby"I/OServeristheonewiththeStandbyI/ODevicesconnected.OneI/OServercanconnecttoamixtureofPrimaryandStandbyI/ODevices.
TheI/OServercansupportanynumberofStandbyDataPaths.
WARNING: Tousethisarrangement,theI/ODevicesmustsupporthot-standbyredundancy.WhileCitectHMI/SCADAcansendwriterequeststoboththeprimaryandstandbyI/ODevices(withtheStartup modeStandbyWriteoption),CitectHMI/SCADAcannotsynchronisetheI/ODevicesorplant-floorequipment.
CitectHMI/SCADAclientscommunicatewithallconfiguredI/OServersatthesametime.(Onstartup,theclientstrytoconnecttoallconfiguredI/OServers.IftheycannotfindanI/OServer,ahardwareerrorisgenerated.)TheCitectHMI/SCADAclientroutestheparticularI/OrequesttotheactiveI/ODevice.Forexample,ifyouhavethreeI/OServersconfiguredasfollows:
I/O Server I/O Devices connected
IOServer1 I/ODevice1(Primary)I/ODevice2(Standby)I/ODevice3(Primary)
IOServer2 I/ODevice1(Standby)I/ODevice2(Primary)
IOServer3 I/ODevice1(Standby)I/ODevice2(Standby)I/ODevice3(Standby)
IfallI/ODevicesarecommunicatingcorrectly,aCitectHMI/SCADAclientcreatesnetworksessionstoallthreeI/OServers.TheclientthensendsrequestsforI/ODevice1andI/ODevice3toIOServer1,andrequestsforI/ODevice2toIOServer2.IfI/ODevice1failsonIOServer1,theclient
sendsrequestsforthisI/ODevicetoIOServer2,whileitstillsendsrequestsforI/ODevice3toIOServer1.IfI/ODevice1alsofailsonIOServer2,theclientsendsrequeststoIOServer3.When
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I/ODevice1onIOServer1comesbackonline,theclientsbeginsendingtheirrequeststoIOServer1.
BecauseyoucanplacePrimaryandStandbyI/ODevicesonvariousI/OServers,youshouldsharethePrimaryI/ODevicesbetweenyourI/OServerstobalancetheloadingacrossalltheI/OServers.(Thismightnotapplyforallprotocols,becausetheloadingcouldbedependentonthePLCnetwork,nottheI/OServerCPU.Inthiscase,morethanoneactiveI/OServeronthesamePLCNetwork
candegradethePLCnetworkandthereforeslowthetotalresponse.)
Alarms Reports and Trends Server RedundancyOnlargesystemswithmultipleservers,youcanparalleltheAlarms,Reports,andTrendsServers.Toachievethislevelofredundancy,youconfigurethreeothercomputers(orDisplayClients)asstandbyservers.Thenifaprimaryserverfails,itsoperationisimmediatelytransferredtoitsstandbyserver.
Display
Client
LAN 1
Display
Client
File
Server 1
LAN 2
File
Server 2
Primary
I/O Server
Standby
I/O Server
Standby
Reports
ServersPrimary
Standby
Trends
Servers
Primary
StandbyAlarms
Servers
Primary
Whenthesystemisinoperation,CitectHMI/SCADAmirrorstheprimaryandstandbyservers.IftheprimaryReports,Alarms,orTrendServerfails,allclientsaccesstheappropriatestandbyserverfordata.Whentheprimaryserverrestarts,theclientsstayonthestandbyserverunlessthestandbyserverfails,ortheclientisshutdownandrestarted.(BecauseCitectHMI/SCADAmaintainsidenticaldataonbothservers,itisnotimportantwhetheraclientreceivesdatafromtheprimaryorstandbyserver,anditisquitenormalforsomeclientstobecommunicatingwiththeprimaryandsomewiththestandbyserver.Thisalsosavestheextraoverheadofcheckingifaprimaryserverhascomebackonline.)
How CitectHMI/SCADA Handles Alarms Server RedundancyYoucanconfiguretwoAlarmsServersinaCitectHMI/SCADAproject-aPrimaryAlarmsServerandaStandbyAlarmsServer.WithtwoAlarmsServers,youhavefull(mirrored)redundancyonyourCitectHMI/SCADAsystem.
WhenbothAlarmsServersarerunning,alarmsareprocessedonbothserversinparallel,andareloggedbythePrimaryAlarmsServer.IfthePrimaryAlarmsServerfails,theStandbyAlarmsServerstartstologalarmstodevices.
WhenanAlarmsServerstartsup,ittriestoconnecttotheotherAlarmsServer.Ifitcanconnect,ittransfersthedynamicalarmdatafromtherunningAlarmsServer.(Thisdataincludessummary
dataandthecurrentalarmstates.)IfanotherAlarmsServercannotbefound,theAlarmsServeropensthesavefile(definedwiththe[Alarm]SavePrimaryparameter)andrestoresthedatafromthe
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file.Iftwosavefilesexist,onefromthePrimaryServerandonefromtheStandbyServer,CitectHMI/SCADAusesthesavefilewiththelaterdate.Ifnosavefileisconfigured,theAlarmsServercannotgettheinitialstateofthealarms,andnosummaryinformationisavailable.Inthiscase,theAlarmsServerstartsprocessingthealarms,andthenacknowledgesallthenewalarms.
WhilebothAlarmsServersareactive,theybothreaddatafromtheI/OServerandprocessthealarms.Theon/offstatusofeachalarmisnotpassedbetweenthetwoservers.Whenoperators
performfunctionsonalarms(forexample,acknowledge,disable,enable,addcomments,etc.),thisinformationispassedbetweenthetwoAlarmsServers.(Ifanoperatoracknowledgesanalarmononeserver,thatservertellstheotherservertoacknowledgethesamealarm.)
CitectHMI/SCADAclientsconnecttoeitherthePrimaryAlarmsServerorStandbyAlarmsServer.Onstartup,allclientstrytoconnecttothePrimaryAlarmsServer.IfthePrimaryAlarmsServerisnotrunning,theytrytoconnecttotheStandbyAlarmsServer.IfthePrimaryAlarmsServercomesbackonline,anyclientsconnectedtotheStandbyAlarmsServerremainconnectedtotheStandbyServer.(ItdoesnotmatterwhichAlarmsServertheclientstalkto,becausetheybothcontainthesame(mirrored)data.)
How CitectHMI/SCADA Handles Reports Server RedundancyYoucanconfiguretwoReportsServersinaCitectHMI/SCADAproject-aPrimaryReportsServerandaStandbyReportsServer.WhenbothReportsServersarerunning,thescheduledreportsonlyrunonthePrimaryReportsServer.IfthePrimaryReportsServerfails,thescheduledreportsrunontheStandbyReportsServer.(YoucanalsoconfiguretheStandbyReportsServersothatisalsorunsthescheduledreports-inparallelwiththePrimaryReportsServer.)NoreportdataistransferredbetweenthePrimaryandStandbyServers.(CitectHMI/SCADAdoesnotsynchronisethereportdatabecausereportscanwritetheirdatatoanytypeofdevice.)
CitectHMI/SCADAclientseitherconnecttothePrimaryReportsServerortheStandbyReportsServer.Onstartup,allclientstrytoconnecttothePrimaryReportsServer.IfthePrimaryReportsServerisnotrunning,theytrytoconnecttotheStandbyReportsServer.IfthePrimaryReports
Servercomesbackonline,anyclientsconnectedtotheStandbyReportsServerremainconnectedtotheStandbyserver.
How CitectHMI/SCADA Handles Trends Server RedundancyYoucanconfiguretwoTrendsServersinaCitectHMI/SCADAproject-aPrimaryTrendsServerandaStandbyTrendsServer.WhenbothTrendsServersarerunning,trendsareprocessedonbothserversinparallel,andwrittentodisk.(Eachservermustwritetoitsowndiskoritsownprivateareaonthefileserver.)
WhenaTrendsServerstartsup,ittriestoconnecttotheotherTrendsServer.Ifitcanconnect,it
transfersallthetrenddatafromthelasttimeitwasshutdownuntilthecurrenttime.(Thisensuresthatnotrenddataislost.)
CitectHMI/SCADAclientseitherconnecttothePrimaryTrendsServerortheStandbyTrendsServer.Onstartup,allclientstrytoconnecttothePrimaryTrendsServer.IfthePrimaryTrendsServerisnotrunning,theytrytoconnecttotheStandbyTrendsServer.IfthePrimaryTrendsServercomesbackonline,anyclientsconnectedtotheStandbyTrendsServerremainconnectedtotheStandbyTrendsServer.(ItdoesnotmatterwhichTrendsServertheclientstalkto,becausetheybothcontainthesame(mirrored)data.)
How CitectHMI/SCADA Handles File Server RedundancyCitectHMI/SCADAallowsforredundancyofthefileserver.The[CtEdit]Backupparameterspecifies
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abackupprojectpath.IfCitectHMI/SCADAcannotfindafileintheRundirectory(i.e.asspecifiedbythe[CtEdit]Runparameter),itwilllookinthebackuppath.Ifthefileisfoundinthebackuppath,CitectHMI/SCADAwillassumethattherunpathhasfailed(i.e.thefileserverhasfailed).CitectHMI/SCADAwillthenlookforallrelevantfilesinthebackupbeforechangingover.WhenCitectHMI/SCADAchangesovertothebackuppath,itwillcalleventnumber11andgeneratethehardwareerrorFile server failed to Standby.Fileserverredundancywillonlyoperatecorrectlyiftheredirector(orshell)onthecomputercanhandleafailureofthefileserver.TheshellwithNovellNetwarecannotdothisandwillcauseWindowstofailwithfatalNetworkerrors-whenthefileserverfails.MicrosoftLANmanagerbasednetworksandpeertopeernetworkswillallowforfileserverfailurecorrectly.Therefore,CitectHMI/SCADAfileserverredundancywilloperatecorrectlywiththesenetworks.
NOTE: OnlyCitectHMI/SCADAswitchestoabackuppath.Anyotherapplicationsthatareusingfilesonthefileserverwillfailwhenthefilerserverfails.Thismaycausethecomputertowaitforlongperiodsforthefilerserver(ortocrash).ThisincludesWindowsitself,soyoushouldinstallWindowsonalocaldrive.
Toenablefileserverredundancy,setthe[CTEDIT]Backupparametertoabackupdatabasepath.Forexample,ifyourprimarypathisF:\CITECT\USER\DB,setthebackuppathtoanotherfileserveroralocaldrive,suchasC:\CITECT\USER\DB.YoushouldalwaysmakesurethattheprojectintheBackuppathisthesameastheoneintheRundirectory-eachtimeyoucompiletheprojectintherundirectoryyoushouldcopyitintothebackupdirectory.
How CitectHMI/SCADA Handles FTP Server RedundancyCitectHMI/SCADAsupportsFTPServerredundancy.IfthePrimaryFTPServergoesdown,CitectHMI/SCADAwillattempttoconnecttotheFTPServerontheStandbymachine.ThisoccursindependentlyofI/OServerRedundancy,sothetwoFTPServersmusthavethesamepasswordsandthesamedirectorystructure.
FTPServerRedundancyisconfiguredbysettingparametersinthe[CLIENT]and[DNS]sectionsofthePrimaryFTPServer'sCitect.inifile.TheseparametersaredownloadedbytheInternetDisplayClient(IDC)toitsownCitect.inifileifthePrimaryFTPServerfails,providedthe[INTERNET]Redundancyparameterhasnotbeensetto0(zero).TheIDCthenusesthedownloadedredundancyinformationtoconnecttotheStandbyFTPServer.
NOTE: StandbyFTPServersneednotbeInternetServers.TheStandbyFTPServercanbeanyserverusingTCP/IPthattheIDCcanconnectto,providedthereareIDClicencespresentinthenetwork.
LAN RedundancyAsecondLocalAreaNetwork(LAN)andfileserverwouldensuresystemstabilityevenintheeventofnetworkfailure.
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Display
Client
LAN 1
Display
Client
File
Server 1
LAN 2
File
Server 2
Primary Server /
Display Client
Standby Server /
Display Client
Intheaboveillustration,halfofthecomputersremainoperableifoneoftheLANsoraserverfails.Withtwonetworkcardsineachcomputer,fulloperationofallcomputerscanbemaintainedintheeventofafailureofoneoftheLANs(oraserver).
Display
Client
LAN 1
Display
Client
File
Server 1
LAN 2
File
Server 2
Primary Server /
Display Client
Standby Server /
Display Client
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NetBIOSErrors
1024 No NetBIOS errorThiserrorshouldnotoccurinnormaloperation.ContactCitectSupport.
1025 Invalid buffer lengthThiserrorshouldnotoccurinnormaloperation.ContactCitectSupport.1027 Invalid commandThiserrorshouldnotoccurinnormaloperation.ContactCitectSupport.1029 Command timed outCitectHMI/SCADAistimingoutwhensendingdataonthenetwork.Ifthiserroroccursfrequently,
increasethetimeoutperiodinthe[LAN]SendTimeoutparameter.ThiserrorislikelytooccurifyouarerunningCitectHMI/SCADAonaslownetworkoraWideAreaNetwork.1030 Incomplete receive messageThiserrorshouldnotoccurinnormaloperation.ContactCitectSupport.1032 Invalid session numberThiserrorshouldnotoccurinnormaloperation.ContactCitectSupport.1033 No resource availableIncreasenetworkresourcesormemory.IncreasetheWindowsparameterNetHeapSizeintheSYSTEM.INIfile(orothernetworkparameters).SeeSettingUpaNetwork.1034 Session has been closedThiserrorshouldnotoccurinnormaloperation.ContactCitectSupport.1035 Command cancelledThiserrorshouldnotoccurinnormaloperation.ContactCitectSupport.1037 Duplicate name in local tableThiserrorshouldnotoccurinnormaloperation.ContactCitectSupport.1038 NetBIOS name table fullIncreasethenumberofnamesinthelocalnametablesetupinthenetworkNetBIOSconfiguration.SeeSettingUpaNetwork.1041 NetBIOS session table fullCitectHMI/SCADAhasrunoutofNetBIOSsessions.IncreasethenumberofNetBIOSsessionsinthenetworksetup.SeeSettingUpaNetwork.1044 Server name not found
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Thespecifiedservercannotbefoundonthenetwork.Eithertheserverhasnotstartedoranetworkproblemispreventingcommunication.1046 Name in use on remote adaptorTwoCitectHMI/SCADAserversonthenetworkaretryingtousethesamename.ConfigureeachCitectHMI/SCADAserverwithauniquename.
1049 Name conflictTwoCitectHMI/SCADAserversonthenetworkaretryingtousethesamename.ConfigureeachCitectHMI/SCADAserverwithauniquename.1058 Too many commands outstandingCitectHMI/SCADAhasrunoutofNetBIOScontrolblocks(NCBs).IncreasethenumberofNCBsinthenetworkNetBIOSconfigurationorreduceCitectHMI/SCADA'suseofNCBsintheCITECT.INIfile.SeeSettingUpaNetwork.
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CiNet
CiNetisnolongersupported.CiNetwasdesignedasalowspeedWideAreaNetwork(forremotemonitoringapplications).Ifyouhaveawidely-distributedapplicationwhereCitectHMI/SCADAcomputersareseparatedbyvastdistances,usingaLANtoconnectyourDisplayClientscanbeexpensive.ToconnectDisplayClientsinthisinstance,youshoulduseMicrosoft'sRemoteAccess
Server(RAS)oraMicrosoftapprovedsolution-suchasShivaLanRover.