Candidatos do PSD/Açores à Câmara Municipal de Ponta Delgada
CIDADE DE PONTA DELGADA ILHA DE S. MIGUEL.
Transcript of CIDADE DE PONTA DELGADA ILHA DE S. MIGUEL.
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CIDADE DE PONTA DELGADA ILHA DE S. MIGUEL
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RESENHA HISTÓRICA O núcleo populacional que deu origem à cidade de Ponta Delgada, nasceu por volta de 1450, numa
aldeia piscatória. Inicialmente simples povoado de pescadores atraídos pelas suas seguras enseadas, cedo começa a desempenhar as funções de principal porto da ilha. Mais tarde, o rei D. Manuel I, reconhecendo oficialmente o progresso social da povoação, determinou, por alvará de
1499, que Ponta Delgada fosse elevada a vila. Decorridos apenas 47 anos da elevação de Ponta Delgada a vila, o rei D. João III, em Carta Régia de 2 de Abril de 1546, tomou a iniciativa de elevar a vila à categoria de cidade.
Antes de Ponta Delgada ganhar o estatuto de cidade, a primeira capital de São Miguel era Vila
Franca do Campo, que havia sido elevada a concelho por volta de 1472, completamente destruída pelo terramoto de 1522, quando era a mais importante Vila dos Açores, começando desde aí a ser suplantada por Ponta Delgada, embora a Alfândega, o Almoxarifado e a
Contadoria dos Açores, já tivessem sido transferidos para esta em 1518.
A fertilidade dos solos e a localização estratégica nas rotas entre a Europa e a América da Ilha de S. Miguel, justificam o acentuado crescimento económico desta região. O cultivo de trigo, cana-de-açúcar, pastel, urzela, vinho e mais tarde de batata doce, milho, inhame, linho e laranja, sendo esta exportada em grande escala para a Inglaterra, foram a base da economia durante os séculos XVI, XVII e XVIII.
O concelho participou no início do século XIX nas lutas liberais e daqui partiram, em 1832, as tropas para o cerco no Porto, que conduziu à proclamação da Carta Constitucional e à aclamação da rainha D. Maria II.
Em finais do mesmo século, os laranjais que eram então a mais importante fonte de receita da ilha foram destruídos por uma doença. No entanto, a população reagiu e dedicou-se ao cultivo de novas culturas, nomeadamente chá, tabaco, espadana, chicória, beterraba sacarina e ananás. A construção do porto artificial em 1861 dinamizou a economia, atraindo o sector industrial para o concelho.