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Thi gian: 27/9/2014
4/10/2014
7 Cng cu Quan ly cht lng c ban
7 Basic QC Tools
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KIM SOAT QUA TRINH BNG PHNG PHAP THNG K ( SPC)
2 SPC: Statistical Process Control
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Ni dung
Phn 1: gii thiu v SPC
Lch s v vai tr ca SPC
Qun tr cht lng v phn tch d liu
Phn 2: 7 cng c thng k c bn:
Mc ch p dng
Cch xy dng
Bi tp thc hnh
-
Mc tiu kha hc
Sau khi kt thuc kha hc, hc vin s:
Nhn thc c ngha v tm quan trng ca hot ng thng k v phn tch d liu
Hiu r v s dng c 7 cng c thng k c bn
p dng c cc cng c thng k c bn vo trong cng vic
Gp phn nng cao hiu qu hot ng cho cng ty
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Lch s p dng v vai tr ca SPC
Walter A. Shewhart ti nh my AT&T's Western Electric pht trin, p dng control chart v khi nim kim sot cht lng qua thng k t 1924.
Trin khai kim sot cht lng qua thng k cho nhiu nh my quc phng Hoa K trong th chin II
Deming gii thiu k thut SPC vo nn cng nghip Nht Bn sau chin tranh
Cc cng ty Nht pht trin v p dng SPC rt mnh m trong h thng qun l cht lng theo TQM ca h
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Lch s p dng v vai tr ca SPC
Kim tra cht lng c in c thc hin bng vic quan st nhng c tnh quan trng ca thnh phm v chp nhn / loi b thnh phm.
Ngc li vi iu , SPC s dng nhng cng c thng k quan st kt qu lm vic ca qu trnh sn xut/ cng vic nhm d on nhng sai lch quan trng m c th dn ti vic loi b sn phm.
Gi thit nn tng cho phng php SPC l bt k qu trnh sn xut no s sn xut sn phm c thuc tnh thay i nh so vi gi tr thit k, thm ch khi dy chuyn sn xut chy bnh thng, v nhng dao ng ny c th c phn tch thng k kim sot qu trnh.
-
Quyt nh da trn phn tch d liu l nguyn tc ca qun tr cht lng
7
Qun tr cht lng
Hng vo khch hng
Vai tr ca Lnh o
Tham gia ca mi ngi
Qun l theo qu trnh
Tip cn theo h thng
Ci tin lin tc Quyt nh da trn s kin
Quan h vi nh cung ng
-
Kt qu phn tch d liu l c s ra quyt nh
8
Quyt nh
u t u?
Ngun lc cn cung cp?
o to ci g?
Cho ai?
Sn phm no cn pht trin?
Ci tin ci g? u?
Khc phuc, Phng nga vn g?
-
Quyt nh phi da trn d liu
Quyt nh a trn cm tnh
thiu tin cy
Khong
co d
lieu
Qun l da trn d liu
Khng c qun l
Hng i khng
r rng
Ri ro cao
9
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Nguyn tc k thut thng k
1. Thu thap so lieu
2. X ly so lieu
3. Phan tch so lieu
4. a ra c hoi cai tien
10
-
Cc cng c thng k
Biu line / biu ct / biu trn
07 cng c thng k c bn
07 cng c mi
Cc k thut ly mu
Cng c thng k nng cao: hi quy, phng sai
-
07 CNG C THNG K C BAN
1. PHIU KIM TRA
2. BIU PHN B
3. BIU XNG CA
4. BIU PARETO
5. BIU KIM SOAT
6. BIU PHN TAN
7. BIU PHN TNG
12
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nh ngha khi nim Qu trnh (theo ISO9000:2005)
QU TRNH L tp hp cc hot ng c lin quan hoc tng tc ln nhau s dng ngun lc bin i u vo thnh u ra gia tng gi tr
SAN PHM L kt qu ca qu trnh
13
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M HNH M TA QU TRNH
NHN LC PHNG TIN
PHNG PHAP L/GAM SAT
Cc hot ng hoc
qu trnh con
U VO
U RA
14
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Mu dng cho thu thap d lieu hoc kim tra
Phieu San pham:
So lo:
LOAI KHUYET TAT SO LAN LAP LAI TONG SO %
Sai mau ///// ///// ///// ///// // 25 37%
Day ,mong ///// ///// / 12 18 %
Tong so khuyet tat 67 100% 15
Cng c 1: PHIU KIM TRA
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PHIU KIM TRA
1. Mc ch p dng : thu thp d liu bng phng php n gin v phng nga vic qun kim tra
2. Phn loi:
2.1 Phiu thu thp d liu:
2.1.1 Phiu thu thp loi li/ khuyt tt
2.1.2 Phiu thu thp nguyn nhn
2.1.3 Phiu thu thp d liu phn b
2.2 Phiu dng kim tra:
2.2.1 Phiu checklist
2.2.2 Phiu t nh gi
16
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Cch xy dng phiu kim tra
Thit k Phiu thu thp d liu
1. Xc nh r mc ch thu thp v mc tiu mong mun
2. Xc nh r cch thc thu thp : who , when , where,
cch thc
3. c tnh tng s lng d liu cn thu thp
4. Xc nh dng (format) ca phiu
5. p dng th
6. nh gi so vi mc tiu ra
7. p dng chnh thc
17
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Cch xy dng phiu kim tra
Thit k Phiu dng kim tra
1. Xc nh r mc ch thu thp v mc tiu mong mun
2. Xc nh hng mc cn kim tra
3. Xc nh trnh t hng mc kim tra
4. Xc nh trng s ca tng hng mc da trn mc
quan trng
5. Xc nh dng ca phiu
6. p dng th v nh gi
7.p dng chnh thc
18
-
Cu hi v tr li
-
BIU PARETO
20
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Mc ch p dng
S dung nguyen tac 20/80 trong san xuat, kinh
doanh, cuoc song
Chuyen van e ln thanh nhng van e nho
Xac nh cac yeu to quan trong nhat : so t nhng
quan trong
Ch ra ni can cai tien, khac phuc, tap trung no lc.
Giup s dung tot nhat nguon lc han che 21
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Cch xy dng biu Pareto
Xc nh phng php v thi gian thu thp d liu theo
nguyn nhn hoc vn cn phn tch
Thu thp d liu
Sp xp d liu vo trong bng theo th t tng dn ca
tn sut ca tng loi nguyn nhn hoc loi vn .
Tnh phn trm v phn trm lu k ca tng loi so vi
tng tn sut ca ton b nguyn nhn/vn
V bng tay hoc s dng phn mm Excel/chuyn dng
22
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Bang tong hp d lieu
Loai NN So lan % Luy ke%
Cha ao tao 65 54.17 54.17
May h 33 27.50 81.67
Sai P/ phap 12 10.0 91.67
Nguyen lieu
loi
8 6.67 98.33
Thieu kiem tra 1 0.83 99.17
Ban TP loi 1 0.83 100
Khac 0 0.0 100
23
-
Bieu o pareto
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
2p 1p 4p 3p 0p 7p 5p 6p
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
90.00
100.00
tan suat
luy ke
24
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Bi tp thc hnh
25
-
Biu xng c
26
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Mc ch p dng
Xac nh nguyen nhan goc re cua cac van e phc tap
Giup cho de dang trong cai tien san pham, he thong , dch vu.
Tm nguyen nhan cua s bien ong chat lng va moi quan he cua chung thong thng qua 6 van
e c ban: con ngi, MMTB, phng phap,
nguyen vat lieu, giam sat- o lng va moi
trng.
27
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Cach xay dng
1) Xc nh vn (hu qu)
2) V Xng sng i din cho vn
3) Xc nh cc nguyn nhn chnh ca vn bng phng php ng no
4) Ni kt cc nguyn nhn chnh ti Xng sng bng nhng mui tn nghing
5) ng no tm nguyn nhn th ca nguyn nhn chnh
6) Ni kt cc nguyn nhn th ti nguyn nhn chnh
7) Lp li cc bc 5 v 6 cho cc nguyn nhn th tng t nh nguyn nhn chnh (thng t 4 n 5 cp)
8) Phn tch nh gi cc nguyn nhn chnh v th ( c th s dng biu pareto)
9) Quyt nh v c hnh ng thch hp 28
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Bieu o xng ca nh hng nguyen nhan
Bc 1: Quyet nh tnh chat cua van e(hau qua)
Bc 2: Viet tnh chat va ve xng song cua bieu
o
Tnh chat (hau qua)
Xng song
29
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Bieu o xng ca nh hng nguyen
nhan
Bc 3: Ve xng ln
Bc 4 : Ve xng va, nho, dam 30
-
Bieu o xng ca nh hng nguyen nhan
Xng nho
Xng dam
31
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Bieu o xng ca nh hng nguyen nhan
Bc 5 kiem tra e khong bo sot nguyen nhan
Bc 6 xac nh va anh dau cac nguyen nhan quan
trong nhat
32
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Bieu o xng ca nh hng nguyen nhan
33
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Bieu o xng ca nh hng nguyen nhan
Bc 7: ien cac thong tin lien quan (ten
san pham, ten qua trnh, ten bo phan/
phong ban xay dng bieu o)
34
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Bieu o xng ca nh hng nguyen nhan
Cac loai tnh chat(hau qua): 1. Chat lng: kch thc,
trong lng, o tinh khiet,
t le khuyet tat, so loi, khieu
nai
2. Chi ph: t le li nhuan, lo,
chi ph vat lieu, chi ph, chi
ph nhan cong, so gi lam
viectac ong len san pham,
chi ph hoat ong..
3. Nang suat: thi gian san
xuat, san lng, t le hoat
ong 4. An toan: t le tai nan, so tai
nan, tan suat tai nan, sc
khoe
5. Tinh than lam viec: t le co
mat, so kien ngh cai tien, t
le tham d, t le vang mat
Cac nhom nguyen nhan anhhng
en tnh chat(hau qua): 4 en
8 nhom => hnh thanh xng
ln
1. 5M
Man (con ngi) Machine(may moc, thiet
b)
Method (phng phap, cong nghe, cach lam)
Material (vat lieu, chi tiet, thong tin)
Measurement (o lng, giam sat..)
2. 7 yeu to :
Jigs, tools (cong cu, o ga) Van chuyen 5M
35
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Nhng ieu lu y
1. Lay y kien t nhieu ngi (4-10)
2. Lay tat ca cac nguyen nhan
3. Dien at cac tnh chat(hau qua) bang gia tr
4. Kiem tra, bo sung, cap nhat lai bieu o xng ca theo
thi gian
5. Ve bieu o xng ca cho 1 tnh chat(hau qua)
6. Xac nh va anh dau cac nguyen nhan quan trong:
Da tren thu thap d lieu
Thao luan da tren kinh nghiem va tri thc
Bieu quyet
7. Thu thap d lieu tai ni lam viec e xay dng bieu o
xng ca
36
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TAM HIEN
1. Hien vat
2. Hien trng
3. Hien thc
37
-
Brain - storming
Moi ngi cung nhau lam viec =>phan ng day
chuyen s suy ngh => phat trien cac y kien tot
hn
38
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4 Quy tac Brain-storming
1. Nghiem cam s ch trch & phe bnh
2. T do & linh hoat
3. So lng y kien quan trong hn noi dung
y kien
4. Theo uoi y kien cua ngi khac neu
thay co tia sang
39
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Thc hien
1. Chon tnh chat cua van e can quan tam
2. Mi cac ca nhan co lien quan 4-10 ngi,
xac nh nhom trng & th ky
3. Chuan b cac card giay
4. Brain storming e a ra cac nguyen nhan anh hng en tnh chat
5. Phan loai cac card giay theo nhom
nguyen nhan cung loai => at ten, hnh
thanh xng va
40
-
Thc hien
6. Xac nh xng ln : nhom cac xng
va vao cung mot ho co lien quan => at
ten, hnh thanh xng ln (4 8 nhom)
7. Lap vao hnh xng song cua bieu o
8. Kiem tra con sot nguyen nhan khong
9. Xac nh cac nguyen nhan cho la quan
trong
10. ien cac thong tin lien quan
41
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Lu y
1. Ky thuat xac nh xng nho : 5WHY
2. Tranh bieu o xng ca suy dinh dng
Hau qua
Vat lieu Cong nhan
May moc Phng phap
42
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Bieu o xng ca nh hng phng phap
cai tien
Tnh chat : cach thc e cai tien van e nao o (at ben phai bieu o).
V du: cach thc nang cao doanh so ban hang
Xac nh cac bien phap can thiet e cai tien van e (xng ln, va, nho, dam)
43
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Bieu o xng ca nh hng phng phap cai tien
How to
increase
sales
44
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10 iem kiem tra bieu o xng ca
1. Co con sot nguyen nhan nao khong?
2. Cac nguyen nhan liet ke co u chi tiet e
co the hanh ong trong thc te khong?
3. Xng ln, va, nho, dam co c sap
xep 1 cach he thong?
4. Th t cua cac nguyen nhan co the truy
ngc xuoi c khong?
5. Co bat ky nguyen nhan nao khong lien
quan en tnh chat khong ?
45
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10 iem kiem tra bieu o xng ca
6. Co xac nh th t u tien cac nguyen nhan
hay bien phap trong yeu khong?
7. Co nguyen nhan nao dien ta m ho khong?
8. Cac nguyen nhan e cap en tuoi, kch thc,
nhiet o, o am.co c liet ke cac gia tr khong?
9. Tnh chat co cu the e moi ngi de dang hieu
khong? co the thu thap d lieu e kiem chng
khong?
10. Co nhieu y kien cua nhieu ngi c liet ke
tren bieu o khong?
46
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Biu kim sot Control Chart
47
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02/10/2014 48 If you cant measure it you cant manage it !
School of Industrial Management
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02/10/2014 49 If you cant measure it you cant manage it !
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02/10/2014 50 If you cant measure it you cant manage it !
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o chiu cao ca mt ngi, gi X l i lng th hin chiu cao ca ngi , X c l bin ngu nhin ?
m s ngi n ca hng trong ngy th 7, gi X l i lng th hin s ngi m c, X c l bin ngu nhin?
Bin ngu nhin ri rc (Discrete Random Variable)
Bin ngu nhin lin tc (Continuous Random Variable)
BIN NGU NHIN ?
C th ni l tt ca cc i lng m ta gp trong thc t u l cc bin ngu nhin v chng s phai thuc mt trong hai nhm ri rc hay lin tuc.
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02/10/2014 51 If you cant measure it you cant manage it !
School of Industrial Management
Quy lut phn phi xc sut ca bin ngu nhin l s tng ng gia cc gi tr c th c ca n v cc xc sut tng ng vi cc gi tr .
Bt k mt hnh thc no (m thng l th hoc bng s hay cng thc) biu din mi quan h gia cc gi tr c th c ca mt bin ngu nhin v xc sut tng ng ca chng th u c coi l hnh thc biu hin quy lut phn phi xc sut ca bin ngu nhin y.
Xc nh lut phn
phi ca bin ngu
nhin
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02/10/2014 52 If you cant measure it you cant manage it !
School of Industrial Management
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Statistics
Statistics
POPULATION (N)
Parameters: 2
SAMPLE
Statistics: x, s, s2
Thng k suy din
n
Thng k m ta
Ly vi d
Cai chung ta rt mun bit, nhng ko th bit chinh xac
Cai chung ta c th bit
c lng
Tham s thng k
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Statistics
Statistics
POPULATION (N)
Parameters: 2
SAMPLE Statistics: x, s, s2
n
Khong tin cy
-anh i bng n
-Khi n N: x s
c lng tham s thng k da trn c s nao ?
ng dng quy lut phn phi
x
x 1, x 2,
Vn : quy lut phn phi nao ?
n bao nhiu la u ? mong mun
chinh xac n u
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Statistics
Statistics Qui lut phn phi thng gp: Phn phi Binh thng
Normal Distribution
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Statistics
Statistics Lu y: Phn phi Binh thng Phn phi binh thng chun ha (Phn phi chun) Normal Distribution Standard Normal Distribution
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02/10/2014 57 If you cant measure it you cant manage it !
School of Industrial Management
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02/10/2014 58 If you cant measure it you cant manage it !
School of Industrial Management
Phai xac nh c ba thong so chnh * ng trung tam (x Center Line)
* ng gii han tren (UCL Upper Control Limit).
* ng gii han di (LCL Lower Control Limit).
Phan anh, mo ta c quy luat thay oi ngau nhien cua ai lng can
kiem soat
Cau truc cua mot
bieu o kiem soa t
Phan biet khuyet tat
& Phe pham
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02/10/2014 59 If you cant measure it you cant manage it !
School of Industrial Management
Upper Control
Limit
Lower
Control
Limit
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02/10/2014 60 If you cant measure it you cant manage it !
School of Industrial Management
m c, phn
loi. Ph phm, khuyt tt
o c, xu xng
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02/10/2014 61 If you cant measure it you cant manage it !
School of Industrial Management
S kin m c 1. Ph phm * Phn trm ph phm (p) * S lng ph phm (np) 2. Khuyt tt * Vng c hi ko i (c) * Vng c hi thay i (u)
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02/10/2014 62 If you cant measure it you cant manage it !
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02/10/2014 63 If you cant measure it you cant manage it !
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02/10/2014 64 If you cant measure it you cant manage it !
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02/10/2014 65 If you cant measure it you cant manage it !
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02/10/2014 66 If you cant measure it you cant manage it !
School of Industrial Management
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02/10/2014 67 If you cant measure it you cant manage it !
School of Industrial Management
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02/10/2014 68 If you cant measure it you cant manage it !
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S kin m c 1. Ph phm * Phn trm ph phm (p) * S lng ph phm (np) 2. Khuyt tt * Vng c hi ko i (c) * Vng c hi thay i (u)
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02/10/2014 69 If you cant measure it you cant manage it !
School of Industrial Management
S kin m c 1. Ph phm * Phn trm ph phm (p) * S lng ph phm (np) 2. Khuyt tt * Vng c hi ko i (c) * Vng c hi thay i (u)
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02/10/2014 70 If you cant measure it you cant manage it !
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02/10/2014 71 If you cant measure it you cant manage it !
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02/10/2014 72 If you cant measure it you cant manage it !
School of Industrial Management
S kin m c 1. Ph phm * Phn trm ph phm (p) * S lng ph phm (np) 2. Khuyt tt * Vng c hi ko i (c) * Vng c hi thay i (u)
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02/10/2014 73 If you cant measure it you cant manage it !
School of Industrial Management
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02/10/2014 74 If you cant measure it you cant manage it !
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02/10/2014 75 If you cant measure it you cant manage it !
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02/10/2014 76 If you cant measure it you cant manage it !
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02/10/2014 77 If you cant measure it you cant manage it !
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02/10/2014 78 If you cant measure it you cant manage it !
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02/10/2014 79 If you cant measure it you cant manage it !
School of Industrial Management
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02/10/2014 80 If you cant measure it you cant manage it !
School of Industrial Management
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02/10/2014 81 If you cant measure it you cant manage it !
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02/10/2014 82 If you cant measure it you cant manage it !
School of Industrial Management
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02/10/2014 83 If you cant measure it you cant manage it !
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Loai bieu o kiem soat X - R
Bieu o phan tch qua trnh: s dung e xac nh xem qua trnh co c kiem soat hay khong.
Bieu o kiem soat qua trnh: dung e xac nh tnh trang bat thng cua qua trnh .
84
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02/10/2014 85 If you cant measure it you cant manage it !
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02/10/2014 86 If you cant measure it you cant manage it !
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02/10/2014 87 If you cant measure it you cant manage it !
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02/10/2014 88 If you cant measure it you cant manage it !
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02/10/2014 89 If you cant measure it you cant manage it !
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02/10/2014 90 If you cant measure it you cant manage it !
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02/10/2014 91 If you cant measure it you cant manage it !
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02/10/2014 92 If you cant measure it you cant manage it !
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R
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02/10/2014 93 If you cant measure it you cant manage it !
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02/10/2014 94 If you cant measure it you cant manage it !
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02/10/2014 95 If you cant measure it you cant manage it !
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02/10/2014 96 If you cant measure it you cant manage it !
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oc hieu bieu o e anh gia tnh trang on nh:
Mot qua trnh trong trang thai on nh hay trong tnh
trang kiem soat : neu cac iem d lieu khong nam
ngoai cac gii han kiem soat hoac khong tao ra xu
hng. Cac iem sau ay cung ch ra qua trnh c
kiem soat:
25 hoac hn cac iem d lieu nam trong gii han kiem soat .
Trong so 35 iem d lieu ch co 1 iem d lieu nam ngoai ng gii han kiem soat ma qua iem nay cung
khong xac nh c co iem bat thng.
Trong so 100 iem d lieu , ch co mot hoac 2 iem d lieu nam ngoai gii han kiem soat ma qua iem nay
cung khong xac nh c co iem bat thng
97
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oc hieu bieu o e anh gia tnh trang on nh:
Mot qua trnh trong trang thai khong on nh ( bat
thng) hay khong trong tnh trang kiem soat trong
nhng trng hp sau:
Cac iem d lieu hoac mot so iem d lieu nam
ngoai ( tren hoac di ) ng gii han kiem
soat.
Mac du cac iem d lieu nam trong gii han
kiem soat, no ch ra mot trong cac xu hng sau:
98
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Cac trang thai khong on nh
Dang mot ben ng tam
a) 7 iem lien tiep mot ben ng tam
b) 10 trong 11 iem lien tiep
c) 12 trong 14 iem lien tiep
d) 14 trong 17 iem lien tiep
e) 17 trong 20 iem lien tiep
99
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Cac trang thai khong on nh
Dang xu hng:
06 hoac 07 iem lien tiep, tiep tuc tang hay giam
100
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Cac trang thai khong on nh
4/ Dang chu ky
101
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Cac trang thai khong on nh
Dang ke can cac ng kiem soat:
2 trong 3 iem
3 trong 07 iem
4 trong 10 iem
102
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Cac trang thai khong on nh
Dang ke can ng trung tam
103
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p dng biu kim sot 1/ Chn cc ch tiu cht lng quan trng cn kim sot,
ch tiu phi d o cho php can thip kp thi vo qa trnh
sn xut
2/ Lp biu kim sot phn tch
3/ Xy dng mt biu kim sot kim sot qu trnh
4/ Kim sot qu trnh sn xut
5/ Tnh ton li cc ng kim sot khi c s thay i :
My mc
Qui trnh cng ngh
Ngun nguyn vt liu 104
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Biu phn tn
105
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Bieu o phan tan la g?
Xet 2 loai ac tnh d lieu X va Y
1. Neu X bien oi => Y bien oi : s tng
quan
2. Phng phap th nghiem thong ke e
xac nh s hien hu cua moi quan he X
va Y: phan tch s tng quan
106
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Cach thc s dung bieu o phan tan
1. Xem xet
lieu co moi
quan he
khong?
107
-
Cach thc s dung bieu o phan
tan
2. Co nhng ket qua bat thng khong?
108
-
Cach thc s dung bieu o phan
tan
3. Xem xet co can phan vung so lieu khong?
109
-
Xay dng bieu o phan tan
V du : Kiem tra moi quan he gia nhiet o cuon day va nhiet o be mat cua motor
110
-
1. Chuan b bieu o phan tan
Bc 1 : thu thap d lieu tng quan X & Y
So cap d lieu > 30
Bc 2 : xac nh Xmax
, Xmin
, Ymax
, Ymin
Xmax
= 44,5 Xmin
= 30,6 => Xmax
Xmin
= 13,9
Ymax
= 26,9 Ymin
= 15,9 => Ymax
Ymin
= 11,0
Xac nh n v cua truc X & truc Y
111
-
1. Chuan b bieu o phan tan
Bc 3 : a cac cap
so lieu len o th
1 iem
2 iem trung nhau
3 iem trung nhau
c
c
112
-
113
-
1. Chuan b bieu o phan tan
Bc 4 : ien cac thong tin can thiet len bieu o
114
-
2. Kiem tra moi tng quan
Bc 1 : ve ng trung v ng
So d lieu n le : ng trung v i qua iem
gia cua cac iem
So d lieu n chan : ng trung v i qua
trung iem cua 2 iem nam gia cac iem
Bc 2 : ve ng trung v ngang
115
-
2. Kiem tra moi tng quan
116
-
2. Kiem tra moi tng quan
Bc 3 : em cac so iem nam cac o vuong khac nhau
117
-
2. Kiem tra moi tng quan
Bc 4 : tnh n+ va n
-
v du : n+ = n
1 + n
3 = 18+18= 36
n- = n
2 + n
4 = 7 + 7 = 14
So sanh n+ va n
- xac nh n
min
Neu n
+ n
- th n
min = n
-
n
min = 14
118
-
2. Kiem tra moi tng quan
Bc 5 : xac nh s tng quan
S dung bang dau hieu tng quan
Neu nmin
< gia tr trong bang dau hieu tng quan
=> ket luan : co moi tng quan X & Y
Neu nmin
> gia tr trong bang dau hieu tng quan
=> ket luan : khong co moi tng quan X & Y
V du : nmin
= 14 < gia tr trong bang la 15 => X va Y co
moi tng quan vi mc y ngha 0,01 (1%)
119
-
Bang dau hieu tng quan
120
-
Cc c tnh tng quan
1.Tng quan gia nguyn nhn v kt qa - v d:
tinh khit ca nguyn vt liu v c tnh ca sn
phm
Hm lng Ag v dn in
Khong cch v s lng cuc gi gim
S bo gi v t l hp ng
121
-
Cc c tnh tng quan
2. Tng quan gia kt qa v kt qa v d :
bn ko v cng ca thp
Sn lng v t l khuyt tt
Chiu cao v cn nng ca con ngi
S hp ng v doanh thu
S khch hng v t l khiu ni
122
-
Cc c tnh tng quan
3.Tng quan gia nguyn nhn v nguyn nhn :
S tch cc ca hc vin v s tch cc ca gio
vin
Nhit nung v thi gian nung
Tng s thnh phn cht A v thnh phn cht B
trong nguyn liu
Ap lc cn v thi gian cn trong qu trnh cn
123
-
Biu phn b
124
-
MC CH P DNG
Biu din lng ln gi tr d liu di dng
biu quan h n gin
Cho bit mi lin quan ca tn sut xut hin
D dng nhn thy s phn b ca d liu
Nhn ra c bin ng trong d liu khng
D bo tng lai da trn d liu
125
-
Biu phn b
GHD GHT
o rong lp
Bien gii lp
lp
TAN SUAT
h
Gia tr trung bnh 126
- 1/ Tnh so lp : k>5; k
-
Cach xay dng
4/ Tnh gia tr trong bien gii lp au tien
[ Xmin h/2 ; Xmin + h/2]
5/ Xac nh cac gia tr bien gii lp con lai
128
-
Cach xay dng
6/ em tan suat xuat hien
TT BIEN GII LP GIA TR
TRUNG TAM
TAN SUAT f d f.d f.d2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
xmin h/2 xmin + h/2
.
xmin
X0 ...
..
fmax
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
0
0
129
-
1
/22
0
N
NfdfdhS
hN
fdXX
130
-
V d
B d liu khch hng n mua Pizza
KH1 khng mua; KH2 mua 2. 0 2 1 2 2 4 1 3 1 2 1 2 2 4 3 4 1 4 3 2 2 3 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 4 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 1
2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 3 1 4 2 2 3 2 2 2 1 2 3 2 2 4 2
2 4 4 1 2 2 2 3 2 2 1 2 2 4 2 1 2 4 2 1 7 2 1 2 2 3 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2
1 2 1 2 2 2 4 2 4
-
V d: Ca hng Pizza
Mean = 2.032258
Max = 7
Min = 0
Range = 7
Vi 7 ct th rng mi ct
W= Range/Columns=7/7=1
-
33
65
812
0 0 1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Slices of Pizza
Histogram
V d: Ca hng Pizza
-
Histogram
Nhn xt:
n hng 2 phn pizza l thng thng nht
Phn b bn hng hiu qu cho d bo ngy sau
Nu bn l nh qun l bn s ci thin g t thng tin ny
-
DANG BIEU O
135
-
DANG BIEU O
Phn b u Phn b lch tri Phn b lch phi
Phn b hai nh Phn b nhiu nh
136
-
OC BIEU O
Hnh
so
loai Giai thch dang bieu o iem can kiem tra
a Dang
chung
Can oi, tan suat cao nhat trung
tam, tan suat giam dan ve 2
canh,o rong bieu o nho hn gii
han dung sai
o th on nh
b Dang lc o th dang rang lc, tan suat
cao, thap xen lan nhau
Tnh toan sai khi lam
tron so/ xu hng cua
ngi o
c Nghieng
trai hoac
phai
Trung tam phan bo lech trai hoac
phai
Sai so he thong hoac
cac thanh phan khong
ong nhat
d Vach nui o th khong can xng, co vach
nui dng ng ben trai hoac ben
phai
a loai bo nhng san
pham khong at khoi lo
hang, hoac co xu hng
sai lech nao o cua
ngi o/hoac thiet b
o
137
-
OC BIEU O
Hnh
so
loai Giai thch dang bieu o iem can kiem tra
e Dang bnh nguyen Tan suat cua moi lp gan
bang nhau
Tron lan nhieu phan bo
khac nhau, can phan
vung so lieu theo 5W1H
f Dang hai nh Tan suat trung tam
thap, o th co 2 nh
2 phan bo khac nhau b
tron lan, can phan vung
so lieu theo 5W1H
g Dang ao co lap Ben trai hoac phai cua
bieu o, co ao nho nam
co lap
Co s tron lan 1 so
lng nho sp khong at
hoac co s bat thng
trong qua trnh san
xuat/ hoac sai loi trong
qua trnh o
138
-
Nang lc qua trnh
Nang lc qua trnh (process capability): kha
nang cua mot qua trnh e san xuat ra cac
san pham co dung sai thong so ky thuat mong
muon hay t le khuyet tat cho phep (dung sai
nam trong khoang cho trc theo thiet ke)
trong mot giai oan lau dai nao o.
139
-
02/10/2014 140 If you cant measure it you cant manage it !
School of Industrial Management
-
02/10/2014 141 If you cant measure it you cant manage it !
School of Industrial Management
-
02/10/2014 142 If you cant measure it you cant manage it !
School of Industrial Management
-
02/10/2014 143 If you cant measure it you cant manage it !
School of Industrial Management
-
Benefits of 6approach
-level Defect rate (ppm)
Costs of poor quality Status of the
company
6 3.4 < 10% of turnover World class
5 233 10-15% of turnover
4 6210 15-20% of turnover Current standard
3 66807 20-30% of turnover
2 308537 30-40% of turnover Bankruptcy
Financial Aspects
-
02/10/2014 145 If you cant measure it you cant manage it !
School of Industrial Management
nh gia nha cung cp
-
02/10/2014 146 If you cant measure it you cant manage it !
School of Industrial Management
-
02/10/2014 147 If you cant measure it you cant manage it !
School of Industrial Management
-
02/10/2014 148 If you cant measure it you cant manage it !
School of Industrial Management
-
02/10/2014 149 If you cant measure it you cant manage it !
School of Industrial Management
-
02/10/2014 150 If you cant measure it you cant manage it !
School of Industrial Management
-
Ch so kha nang qua trnh CP - C
pk
1. Tieu chuan 2 pha GHT&GHD
2/
2/
61
6
LCLUCL
XLCLUCLK
LCLUCLKC
LCLUCLC
PK
P
o lch chuan
K mc o nghieng cua bieu o
151
-
Ch so kha nang qua trnh CP - C
pk
2. Tieu chuan co gii han 1pha GHT hoac GHD
S
GHDXC
S
XGHTC
P
P
3
3
152
-
S dung CP khi bieu o co trung tam phan
bo gan trung tam cua gii han dung sai
GHT&GHD
S dung Cpk
khi bieu o co trung tam phan
bo lech khoi trung tam cua gii han dung
sai GHT&GHD
Ch so kha nang qua trnh CP - C
pk
153
-
Chuan mc anh gia kha nang cua qua trnh
1. CP
>= 1,67 qua trnh tha kha nang, on nh, tm cach
kiem soat n gian hn, chi ph hieu qua hn
2. 1,67 > Cp>= 1,33 qua trnh co u kha nang, tnh huong
ly tng, duy tr
3. 1,33 > Cp >= 1,00 qua trnh co dau hieu khong u kha
nang, phai thc hien kiem soat chat che qua trnh khi
Cp tien gan ti 1, khuyet tat se bat au xay ra can x
ly
4. 1,00 > Cp >= 0,67 qua trnh khong u kha nang, khuyet
tat a xay ra, phai cai tien qua trnh
5. 0,67 > Cp qua trnh qua kem, chat lng hoan toan
khong thoa man, phai cai tien qua trnh, ieu tra
nguyen nhan, a ra bien phap khan cap, co the phai
xem xet lai gii han dung sai cua tieu chuan khi can
thiet
154
-
Cong thc ,
1
/1
2
1
2
1
N
NXX
N
X
X
N
i
N
i
ii
N
i
i
X
155
-
Biu phn vng 5W1H
156
-
Mc ch ng dng
Cng c kt hp vi cc cng c thng k khc
tng kh nng phn tch d liu
Dng phn tch d liu. D liu ban u c
th xut pht t nhiu ngun, nhiu loi b trn
chung nh ca, ngy trong tun nn khng th
hiu c ngha.
Tch ring cc d liu khc nhau theo yu cu
phn tch 157
-
Cch p dng
Trc khi thu thp d liu phn tch cc d liu t nhiu ngun khc nhau c th nh hng n kt qu Thit lp vic thu thp d liu vi cc thng tin mong mun
Khi v biu ( phn tn, phn b, kim sot) dng mu sc, cc mark khc nhau biu th cc d liu t cc ngun khc nhau (phng php phn tng)
Phn tch cc nhm ph c phn tng ring r.
158
-
Biu phn vng 5W1H
159
-
Bieu o phan vung 5W1H
Sau khi thu thp s liu v v biu => phn tch cho thy kt qu tt ( nhng kt qu ny c th c sai li) hoc kh xc nh c c th v tr hoc vn cn ci tin, cn :
Phn vng theo 5W1H => xc nh c chnh xc vn cn ci tin:
Who : ai
What : ci g
When : khi no, thi gian no
Where : ni chn, b phn, khu vc
Why : ti sao
How : cch thc, phng php 160
-
Biu phn vng 5W1H
D lieu thng c phan tang theo:
May moc thiet b
Ca
Bo phan
Nguyen lieu
Nha cung ng
Ngay trong tuan
Thi gian trong ngay
San pham
161
-
Ky thuat phan tch d liu
3 kha canh can phan tch:
Mc o
Xu hng
Dao ong
162
-
Mc o
So sanh ket qua thc te cua d lieu vi :
Muc tieu
Ke hoach
nh mc
Ket qua cung ky thi gian trc
oi thu canh tranh
Chuan oi sanh(benchmarking)
163
-
Khong at
Mc o
at Muc tieu/ke hoach/ nh mc/
Ket qua cung ky thi gian trc/
oi thu canh tranh/chuan oi sanh
164
-
Xu hng
Xu hng
xau tang
dan hoac
giam dan
165
-
o dao ong
Dao ong qua
ln?
166
-
03 04 05 07 08 09 1/06 2/06 3/06. 12/06
LI NHUAN
THI GIAN
THC TE
MUC TIEU
OI THU CANH TRANH
So lieu qua kh, hien tai, tng lai
167
-
Phan vung Why - How
WHY
Tai sao
HOW
Bien phap
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Bien phap
tot
Duy tr
168
-
Q&A
169