Chuong 1 quy hoach

QUY HOẠCH PHÁT TRIỂN DU LỊCH

Nội dung học phần

1. Tổng quan về quy hoạch phát triển du lịch

2. Các yếu tố và điều kiện trong quy hoạch phát triển du lịch

3. Các công cụ và kỹ thuật trong quy hoạch và quản lý du lịch

4. Quy hoạch phát triển du lịch bền vững

CHƯƠNG 1

TỔNG QUAN VỀ QUY HOẠCH

PHÁT TRIỂN DU LỊCH

1. Khái niệm quy hoạch du lịch

“Planning is the process of identifying objectives and defining and evaluating methods of achieving them”

1.1 Khái niệm quy hoạch du lịch

“A plan... enables us to identify where we are going and how we get there”

1.1 Khái niệm quy hoạch du lịchQuy hoạch du lịch là tập hợp lý luận và thực tiễn

nhằm phân bố hợp lý nhất lãnh thổ những cơ sở kinh doanh du lịch có tính toán tổng hợp các nhân tố: điều kiện tự nhiên, tài nguyên du lịch, cơ sở hạ tầng, điều kiện kinh tế-xã hội, môi trường, kiến trúc xây dựng …

Quy hoạch du lịch còn cụ thể hóa trên lãnh thổ những dự đoán, định hướng, chương trình và kế hoạch phát triển du lịch. Đồng thời quy hoạch du lịch bao gồm cả quá trình ra quyết định thực hiện quy hoạch, bổ sung các điều kiện phát triển nhằm đạt được các mục tiêu phát triển du lịch bền vững.

2. Lý do của việc quy hoạch phát triển du lịch

1. Destination life cycle;

2. More competitive situation;

3. More complicated phenomenon;

4. Tourism has damaged natural and cultural resources;

5. Community involved

A brief history of modern tourism planning

Tourism planning is a comparative newcomer.

Early tourism development was founded on a basic assumption: tourism is an ‘intrinsic goods’. This led to many negative impacts on environment and society (non-sustainable tourism).


Why?

- There was a lack of adequate foresight about changing tourist trends and demands and;

- Little or no awareness of the side-effects on the local area (negative impacts).

It was the consequences of ‘non-integrated’ approach to tourism development


Phase Planning characteristics1950s Post-war reconstruction and streamlining of many policy regulations. Virtually no public

sector planning in the small-scale tourism industry.1960s Greater government involvement in tourism marketing and investment incentives in order

to increase tourism earning potential but little critical analysis of the industry, which is nottreated as equal to other industrial sectors.

1970s Government involvement in the supply of tourism infrastructure and in the use of tourismas a tool of regional development. Tourism planning reaches its apex. Luxury resortmodel followed, ‘planners know best’. Transnational tourism companies.

1980s to1990s

Reduced direct government involvement, greater emphasis on public-private partnershipsand industry self-regulation. Acknowledgement of socio-cultural and environmentalimpacts of tourism; some attempts at community involvement.

1990s topresent

Recognition that tourism can fail to deliver economic benefits in developing countriesunless carefully planned; a move towards integrated tourism planning.

(adapted from Burns, 1999: 331 & Hall, 2000: 16)


From the mid-1960s to the present, integrated planning for development was more common. There is an increasing acceptance that it requires planning for achievement of wide-ranging objectives within the context of sustainable development.

3. Mục đích của quy hoạch phát triển du lịch

- Identifying alternative approaches;

- Adapting to the unexpected;

- Maintaining uniqueness;

- Creating the desirable;

- Avoiding the undesirable

Why is planning important?

1. Planning can improve the visitor experience:

– Many different sectors must work together to provide the tourism “product” for the visitor: the visitor experience.

– Good planning enables destinations to carefully consider these different sectors.


Elements of the Visitor ExperienceTransportation to/from destination Marketing (creating expectations)Quality of EnvironmentAccessQuality of AccommodationsQuality of AttractionsQuality of Service


2. Planning can improve the resident experience:

– Tourism has many different impacts on the destination and the residents.

– Good planning increases the ability of the destination to anticipate or avoid negative impacts.

– Good planning enables the destination to maximize the economic benefits of tourism.


Elements of the resident experienceEconomic benefitsQuality of jobsQuality of environmentQuality of infrastructure Behavior of visitors Quality of life

Broad approaches to planning

Boosterism: (tourism is good)views opposition to tourism as ‘unpatriotic’ little consideration of carrying capacitypractised by politicians & those that gain financially

from tourism (Getz, 1987).

Tourism as an industryTourism used as a tool by governments to achieve

economic restructuring Economic goals: priority over social/ecological

questions

Broad approaches to planning

The land use/physical/spatial approachMinimise negative effects on the environment by

land zoning to concentrate/disperse touristsRisk plans may ignore more socio/cultural

factors.

Community oriented tourism planningRecognised need for the social impact

perspective: vital ethically (that people influence their destination destinies) and economically (to attract tourists)

Levels of tourism planning

Tourism planning occurs at several different. At each level, there are different issues.

– International level

– National level

– Regional / State level

– Local or community level

– Site level

Tourism planning confines

Tourism planning has been largely confined to:

- Designated areas such as national park and heritage sites

- ‘Subject plan’ (plan which focus specially on tourism/leisure)

- Tourism/leisure as one topic in development plans for an area.

Key actors in the planning process

Residents of host destination area Environmental advocacy groups Tourism-related and non-tourism related businesses Politicians and other elected officials Labor unions and other employee representatives Government officials.

Public and Private Planning

Public planning generally involves public resources and objectives, such as creation of land, construction of highways, and other infrastructure.

Private sector planning consists of product development, building, finance, marketing, management and operations etc,.

4. Quy trình quy hoạch du lịch Stage 1: Recognizing the need for a tourism plan/strategy Stage 2: Setting objectives/goals for a specific planning strategy

Why developing tourism?What benefits are expected from tourism?Type of tourism and visitor profiles?Limits on tourism growth?Time frame for development?

Stage 3: Survey of existing data Stage 4: Implementation of new surveys Stage 5: Analysis of secondary and primary data Stage 6: Plan creation Stage 7: Recommendations of the plan Stage 8: Implementation of the plan Stage 9: Monitoring, evaluation and re-formulation

SURVEYS

Demand Analysis - Existing and Intended Visitor Market Market Analysis

Tourist arrivals and characteristicsTravel patterns and trends (season, changes)

Supply Analysis – Destination and its attractionsAttractions, accommodations, and facilitiesTransportation network, infrastructure, and manpower

Inventory of Existing AttractionsInventory of Facilities, services and InfrastructureBusiness and Legal environment

Tourism Impact Analysis

Environmental Impacts Anticipating the impacts of development is one of the most

crucial functions of a tourism plan Physical environment impacts: Region; climate; existing land

uses; project site; soils; flooding; water quality; hazardous materials and waste.

Infrastructure and public facilities: traffic and transportation; wastewater, water supply, drainage, electrical power, emergency services.

Socio-cultural Impacts To what extend is the society dependent upon a more traditional

economy? How will existing family structures and patterns fit with the

possible employment of family members? How do residents feel about performing cultural practices before

foreigners?

Case-study:Tourism Marketing Plan

Vietnam

This Tourism Marketing Plan 2008 - 2015has been prepared by the TourismPromotion Department of the VietnamNational Administration of Tourism(VNAT), with the support of the SpanishAgency of International Cooperation forDevelopment (AECID).

Tourism Marketing Plan Vietnam

1. SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS

1.1 Tourism in Vietnam

1.2. Demand and Competitors

1.3 Competitiveness

1.4 SWOT Analysis

2. OBJECTIVES

3. POSITIONING

Các giai đoạn lập kế hoạch

4. STRATEGIES4.1 Products4.2 Price4.3 Publicity4.4 Placement4.5 People (Human Resources)4.6 Organisation ( Processes )


5. ACTION PLAN5.1 Products Action Plan5.2 Price5.3 Promotion / Publicity5.4 Placement5.5 People – Human Resources5.6 Processes / Organisation


Vietnam tourism slogan

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