chuan bi khi de che bien

7/29/2019 chuan bi khi de che bien

1/49

PHN 4

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Mcchca qu trnh chunb khchbin

Kh thin nhin v khng hnh sau khi khai thc ngoi

cc cut chnh cn cha cc tpchtchc, hinc,

git du, condensat, kh tr, tp cht ha hc. Nhng

thnh phn ny nh hng xu n cc qu trnh ch

bin kh sau.

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Skhi qu trnh lm sch kh

Kh khai thc

Modul loib cc tpchtchc

Modul tch nc (lm kh kh)

Modul lm sch khkhitpcht ha hc

Xlti

gin

Xl

tinhmy

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LM SCH KH KHI

TP CHT C HC

CHNG 1

4


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1.1. Ngungc v nhhngca cc tpchtchc trong kh

Ngungc cc tpchtchct, ct bcun vo trong kh trong qu trnhkhai thc.

Vyr st t trong ngng.nhhngca cc tpchtchc

Gy ra tc ng va p ln cc phnhot ngtrong my nn kh.

Gy kh khn cho cc qu trnh chbin sau.Gy tcng v cc thitb.

Kt qu l ph v ch lm vic bnh thng cacc qu trnh

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Trong thc tc rt nhiu phng php v thit b

loib cc tpcht c hc ra khi kh. Vic la chncc phng php cn tnh ti cc c tnh sau:

Tnh tiu ha ca qu trnh.

Yu cuvsch

Loitpchtchc c trong hnhp kh

Mc lm schbicnh gi theo hs:

100.100. 21

o

o

o G

GG

G

G

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1.2. Phng php lm sch khkhitpchtchc

Lm sch kh Lm scht

Xyclon

Lngbi

Lcin

Lcm

Ra

Tobt

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Cutoca xyclon Tclngbictnh theo phng

trnh Stockes:

gd

..18

).( 212

Khsch

ngx

V my

Phn thnhnh nn

Bi

Dng khbi

ngtipnhn

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b) THIT B LNG BIThitblngbingin:

Dng tch nhnghtbi c kch thclnt50 500 m.Nguyn lhotng: Bic sa lngdi tcdngcatrngtrng do vntc dng khbgimtnght.

Cutocathitb kh ngin:

I dng khbi; II dng khsch; IIIbi 10


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b) THIT B LNG BIThitblngbi qun tnh:

o Dng tch nhnghtbi c kch thc lnhn 25 30 m.oNguyn lhotng: Bic sa lngdi tc

dng ca lc qun tnh do c s thay i tngthngica dng kh.oCutocathitb kh ngin

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Khbi

Bi Bi Bi Khschbi

KhbiKhbiKhschbi

Khsch

bi

Khbi

Cutocathitblngbi qun tnh

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c) THIT B LC IN

L thitblcbihiuqun 99%.

Nguyn lhotngda trn qu trnh ion ha kh, tc lphn ly cc phn t kh thnh ion m v dngchuynvcc incc tri du. Khi kh c bi, cc ion m lm cho bibnhimin v ko chng kttaticcdng.

Thitb lcinch lm vicvi dng in 1 chiu, hiuinthcao 40 75 kV.

tngkhnnglngbitt , ngi ta tin hnh lmmkh.

Nhcim: gi thnh cao, kh sdng.13


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1.2.2. Phng php lm scht

csdng trong trnghpchpnhnkhsch tpchtc

hcc lngm cao.

Kh bi s tip xc trc tip vi cht lng hoc l qua h thng

ti phun sng.

Hiuquca cc thitbphng php ny phthucnhiu vo

khnngbthmtca cc tpchtchc.

Khnng tch bi

thiuqu cao 92-95%, thm chn 99% (ivithit

btobt)

Tch c cc htbi c kch thcnh14


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a) THIT B RA KH VN TC

Nguyn l hotng:

Di tc ngca dng khchuynngvivntc

ln, nhnghtlngsb chia nh, phn tn khp trong

h tng mt tip xc gia cc phn t kh v

lng.

Cc htbisc tch ra do sto thnh gitlng

c kch thcnh, chchyrica dng kh.

Ph bin ca dng ny l thit b lc kh scrubber

Ventur

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Cu to v hot ng thit b lc kh scrubberVentur

I KhbiII KhschIIICn

ngtht(Confuser, taper pipe)

ngkhuych tn(Diffeser)

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Phthuc vo v trdnnc vo thitb mta c cc dngnh hnh v:

Nc

Nc Nc

Nc

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b) THIT B BT

C 2 loi: Thitbsibt v thitbtobt.

Trong thit b si bt dng kh cn c lm

schdngbt kh khi i qua lpchtlng.

Trong thit b to bt dng kh cn c lm

sach i qua mtlpbt.

Thitbbtcsdngnhiuhn trong cng

nghip.

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Cuto v hotngcathitbtobt

I Khbi; II Khsch; IIIChtlng; IVcn 19


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c) THIT B LC M

L mt trong nhng phng php hin i nht:Qu trnh lcbi qua vtliuxp.

Nguyn lhotng: Dng khi qua mtvtliu

xp c khi lng ring v b dy khc nhau. Tp

chtrnsbgili.

Trong cng nghipthng dng 2 loi: Thitblc

bngvi v thitb loc dnght.

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Thitblcbngvi

C hai dngphthuc vo hnh dngbmtlcbi: dng tay o v dng khung.

Ngi ta dng vitnghpthchin qutrnh.

cimcavilc:

obnnhit

oKhng bthiraodonhit

othmt khng bngvit nhin.

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Cuto v hotngcathitblcvidngtay o

1 Vthitb2Tay o bcvilc3 Van titlu4Bi5Cachn6 Vt tiI Khbi

II Khsch

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Thitblcdnght

C th lm vic nhit cao, trong mitrngn mn, thay inhit v p suttngt.

Nhcim: gi thnh rt cao.

SINH VIN T TNG KT V SO SNH CC THIT B

LM SCH KH KHI TP CHT C HC

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LM KH KH

CHNG 2

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Ngungc v nhhngcahinc trong kh

NgungcHincxuthin khi c stip xc gia kh v nctrong cc va, trong qu trnh snxut (tch, lm schchcbngphng phpm).Thng trong iukin no khchanhiu HC nngschanhiuhinchn so vi HC nh.S c mt CO2, H2S trong kh: lm tng hm lngm.N2 trong kh : lm gim hm lngm

nhhng

nhhngn qu trnh vnchuyn (to hydrat, gimcng sutng kh)Tng tnh n mn khi c mtca cc kh chua.nhhngn cc qu trnh chbin sau (uc xctc).

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2.1. Khi nim chung

Hm lnghincca kh phthuc vo P, Tv thnh phn ha hcca kh. Cc loim:

m bo hamtuytimtngi

imsngca kh:oNhit( p sutnhtnh) tihi

nc trong kh btungngt.o Kh c lm kh cng tt th imsng cng thp (thng -20C n -40C).


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Sto thnh hydrat

Nc c trong hn hp kh lun lun to

hydrat vi cc cut c trong thnh phnhnhp kh. Hydrat: la tinh the ton tai ieu kien xac nh

Tren be mat khung co cac phan t kh (nh metan,

etan, propan, isobutan, nit, hydrosulfur, CO2, argon).

Hydrat giong nc a hoac tuyet xop mau hi

vang co cong thc:- oi vi metan va etan:

CH4.5,75H2O va C2H6.5,75H2O;

- oi vi propan va butan:

C3H8.6H2O va C4H10.7H2O.

Hydrat bao gm 2 dng, datrn cu trc mngc sl a din 12 mt 5 cnh, k

hiu l 512


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Sto thnh hydrat

Cac hydrocarbon phan t ln hn isobutan khong the lot vao khung khong tao thanh

hydrat.

n-Butan khong tao thanh dang hydrat, nhng co the i qua mang li cua khung hydrat va lam

thay oi ap suat can bang tren hydrat.

Mc lap ay khung hydrat cua cac phan t kh va cong thc hydrat do P va T cua he xac

nh.

Neu khuay tron khong c thc hien vi mc can thiet khuyech tan kh qua mang

hydrat ran kho khan va s tang trng cua hydrat ngng lai.

Tang nong o muoi nhiet o bat au tao hydrat giam.

Nhiet o bat au tao hydrat cua metan giam khi trong kh co cha propan va hydrocarbua.


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Trong cong nghiep cac phng phap lam kho kh sau:

Dung chat c che e han che tao thanh hydrat

Hap thu hi nc bang chat long hao nc

Hap phu hi am bang chat lam kho ran hoat hoa

Ngng tu hi am nh nen hoac lam lanh kh

2.2. Cc phng php lm kh kh


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2.2.1. Phng phap c che tao thanh hydrat

e han che tao hydrat:Giam ap suat khTang T, khuay tronng dung phng phap c che - a vao dong kh chat c che lamgiam nhiet o tao thanh hydrat ( metanol, glycol va cac chat khac)Ban chat: a vao dong kh chat c che hoa tan trong nc t do lam giam ap suat rieng phan hi nc va nhiet o hydrathoa.


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o giam nhiet o tao hydrat do chat c che:

W

W

M

Kt

100..556,0

t - o giam nhiet o hydrat hoa ap suat xac nh , oC;W -ham lng chat c che, % ;M- phan t lng cua chat c che;K- hang so ( K= 2335 oi vi metanol, K= 4000 oi vi glycol)


(2.1)


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Chi ph chat c che (kg trong1000 m3 kh:

q = (2.2)21

221 )(

CC

CWW

W 1 va W2 - ham lng hi am trong kh trc va sau khi a chat c che vao, kg/1000m 3kh;C1, C 2 - nong o khoi lng cua chat c che trc va sau khi s dung.

Methanol- 93-95%k.l.Glycol- xac nh bang hai yeu to chnh: o nht, tang manh khi giam ap suat va nhieto ong bang cua dung dch nc.CaCl2 < 30% k.l. ( cao hn khong hieu qua)



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Tnh chat cac chat c che:Metanol :

+ Ap suat hi bao hoa cao kho thu hoi+ ng dung trong he dong - ong khoan, ong nhanh va he thong ong dan kh chnh+ S dung zeolit NaA e thu hoi metanol.

Glycol ( etylen glycol , dietylen glycol ...):+ Gia thanh cao hn metanol.+ Ap suat hi bao hoa thap hn hoan nguyen bang un soi.Tang o phan tan, tang va be mat tiep xuc vi hi nc: phun sng S dung voiphun .



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S o cong nghe lam kho kh bang chat c che metanol

1,2,3- Thap phan rieng kh nguyen lieu; 4,5,6,7- thap hap phu; 8,9,- lo nung kh hoan nguyen: 10,11- lo nung kh nguyen lieu; 12,13 - tach bui; 14-trao oi nhiet; 15- thap tach kh hoan nguyen.

I- kh nguyen lieu; II- kh kho; III- kh lam lanh: IV- kh kho t s o; V- nc metanol.



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Hoan nguyen Metanol: thap chng cat+ 26 mam supap+ P = 0,1-0,3 MPa,+ T

nh

= 67-68oC,+ Tay =102-105

oC+ Thu metanol ham lng 94-97% khoi lngChe o cong nghe cua phan hap phu:+ cong suat kh nguyen lieu: 150-165 ngan m3/gi+ P= 3,1-3,4 MPa,

+ Tvao, h.ph =15 oC, Tvao, h.ng = 320-290oC,+ = 10 : 5 : 5 gi,thc te hoan nguyen: 7-12 gi.Sau khi hap phu: [H2O] giam t 0,2-0,7 en 0,003-0,004 g/m3, tng ng vi iem sng trong nc la

(-45) - (-62)oC.Thi gian lam viec cua zeolit: 2,5 nam.


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S o cong nghe lam kho kh bang chat c che Glycol

1,3 - Thap tach; 2- trao oi nhiet; 4- thap hoan nguyen; 5- maybm

I- Nguyen lieu; II- kh kho;III- hydrocarbon ngng tu;IV- glycol bao hoa;V- hi nc;VI- glycol hoan nguyen;VII- chat tai nhiet



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- Nguyen lieu thap tach 1 kh c tronvi glycol lam lanh trong trao oi nhiet 2en T < Thydrat hoa.- T trao oi nhiet 2 hon hp kh, glycol ngam

nc va condensat thap tach 3:+ T nh thap: kh kho

+ T pha di co 2 dong - glycol ngam nc va

condensat. Di thap co trao oi nhiet dang

ong ruot ga: gi T > T tao thanh nhu tng ben

vng "glycol-hydrocarbon".

- Tach Condensat hydrocarbon

- Glycol ngam nc thap hoan nguyen 4 (nc bay hi, glycol c lam khan en o am

xac nh va dung lai.


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+ Chat hap thu - lam kho:dung dch nc mono-, di-,trietylen glycol am ac.

+ ong lc: chenh lech apsuat hi nc trong kh vachat hap thu.

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2.2.2. Phng phap hap thu



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u iem Nhc iem

DEG

- o hao nc cao,- o ben cao khi co hp chat lu

huynh, oxy va CO2 nhiet o cao.- Dung dch am ac khong ongbang.- o chon loc cao.

- Mat mat cao hn so vi TEG.- Khi hoan nguyen kho nhan

c dung dch vi ham lngDEG cao hn 95%.

- Tsng t hn so vi trng hp sdung TEG.- Gia thanh cao.

TEG

- o hao nc cao.

- Tsng cao hn (27,8 - 47,3oC),

- Ben khi co hon hp lu huynh;- Hoa tan H/C trong TEG cao hn oxyva CO2 ieu kien thng.- Hoan nguyen de dang nhan cdung dch 99%.- Dung dch am ac khong ong

bang.- o bay hi cua TEG thap hn DEG.

- au t cao.- Dung dch TEG co kha nang taobot cao khi co hydrocarbon nhe.-Hoa tan hydrocarbon trong TEG caohn trong DEG.

Dung dch 10-30% MEA, 60-80% DEG, 5-10% nc

- Hap thu ca nc, CO2 va H2S, ong thi lam kho va lam sach.- Tao bot thap.

- Mat mat cao hn so vi TEG.- Ch ng dung khi ong thi lamkho va lam sach kh chua.- An mon kim loai nhiet o

hoan nguyen.- T t.

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iem sng can bang do cac dung dch glycoltao ra c xac nh theo o th.

Hnh 2.2.2.1 iem sng can bang

cua kh tren dung dch DEG nong o

khac nhau.So tren cac ng laham lng DEG trong dung dch , %

Hnh 2.2.2.2 iem sng can bang

cua kh tren dung dch TEG nong o

khac nhau.So tren cac ng laham lng TEG trong dung dch , %40



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- iem sng can bang co c khi kh tiep xuc vi glycol co nong o

theo tnh toan ch tren mot mam pha tren iem sng thc te

cua cao hn gia tr can bang 5-11oC

Lam khan kh bang glycol co:

Tsng > (-25) (-30)oC;

- e lam khan sau hn glycol can co nong o cao tang mat mat

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S o cong nghe qua trnh lam kho kh bang glycol.

Hnh 10. S o cong nghe qua trnh lam

kho kh bang glycol.

1- Thap hap thu; 2,4- Trao oi nhiet; 3-

Thap phong hoa; 5- Thap giai hap; 6-

Noi soi lai; 7- May lanh; 8- Be cha

DEG; 9- May bm

I - Kh nguyen lieu; II - Kh kho; III-kh

phong hoa; IV- hi nc +kh;V- DEG mi; VI- DEG hoan nguyen.

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- Thap hap thu 1: Kh am c a vao phan di, glycol am ac vao mam tren- San pham:

nh : kh kho

ay : glycol gia nhiet trong trao oi nhiet thu hoi 2 thiet b phong hoa 3 gia nhiet

trong trao oi nhiet thu hoi 4 thap giai hap 5.

Thap 5:nh: hi nc va lng kh con lai thoat ra

T ay thap- glycol hoan nguyen i ra lam lanh trong trao oi nhiet 4, 2 va may

lanh 7 be cha 8 may bm 9 thap 1

Gii han tren cua nhiet o qua trnh: ai lng mat mat glycol cho phep -

khoang 38

o

C;Gii han di : giam kha nang hap thu hi am cua chat hap thu do tang o nht Tmin =

10oC.

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Anh hng cua lng ti va nong o glycol en T sng:

Hnh 2.2.2.3 Anh hng cua lng ti va nong o dung dch TEG len lng giam

nhiet o iem sng t cua kh lam kho.

So tren cac ng cong la nong o TEG trong dung dch (%k.l.).

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- Anh hng cua chi ph rieng chat hap thu len o sau lam kho giam sau khi at ti gia tr nao o.- Anh hng cua nong o glycol: ln

- Ham lng glycol trong thap hap thu do nhiet o hoan nguyen xac nh.

Hoan nguyen:

- Nhiet o phan huy : DEG : 164,4oC

TEG : 206,7oC.

- Ap suat kh quyen: ham lng glycol < 97-98% k.l.e nhan c glycol nong o > 99% k.l.:

+ Hoan nguyen chan khong: 99,5%

+ Kh thoi (kh loai xang): 99,5-99,9%.

+ Kh thoi: giam ap suat rieng phan cua hi nc chuyen nc t pha long sang pha hi.

+ a kh trc tiep vao pha di thap giai hap.

- Cat ang ph: glycol nong o cao- Chat ang ph co nhiet o soi thap hn nhiet o phan huy chat hap thu. Chat ang ph cho DEG va

TEG la benzen, toluen hoac xylen.

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S o cong nghe qua trnh lam kho hap thu vi qua trnh hoan nguyen glycol trong chankhong

Hnh 12. S o cong nghe lam kho - hap thu kh vi bo phan hoan nguyen glycol trong chan khong.

1-Thap hap thu; 2-,8 ,11- may bm; 3- be cha TEG; 4- lam lanh glycol; 5, 7- trao oi nhiet; 6- thap phong hoa; 9- thap giai hap; 10-

lam lanh - condensat; 12- be condensat; 13- noi soi lai; 14- bm chan khong.

I- Kh am; II- kh kho; III- glycol hoan nguyen; IV- glycol bao hoa; V- hi nc va kh; VI- hoi lu; VII- kh phong hoa; VIII- kh thai

vao khong kh. 46



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Thap hap thu 1 :

- T = 30oC, TEG 99,0-99,5% k.l. iem sng giam t -18oC xuong en -25oC.

- Kh am vao pha di,

Glycol am ac may bm 2 mam tren cung

- T nh thap: kh kho i ra,T pha ay thap Glycol bao hoa nc gia nhiet trong trao oi nhiet thu hoi 5 thap

phong hoa 6, Glycol loai kh trao oi nhiet 7 gia cua thap giai hap 9

Thap giai hap 9:

+ P = 10-13 kPa.

+ T buong cat gitrong khoang 190-204

o

C nh a mot lng hi nc vao thap t noisoi lai 13

+ [TEG] = 99,5%.

Glycol hoan nguyen may bm 8 trao oi nhiet 7 va 5 , may lam lanh

4 bang nc be 3 may bm 2 tren thap 1.

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S o lam kho hai giai oan cua Cong ty Pridchard:

S o cong nghe lam kho - hap

thu kh hai giai oan cua Hang

Prichard.

1 - Thap hap thu; 2- thap phong hoa;

3- be cha pentan; 4- may lanh; 5-

thap giai hap th nhat; 6- thap giai

hap th hai.

I- kh nguyen lieu; II- kh kho; III-

pentan sach; IV - TEG trch ra t kh

kho; V- kh am; VI- kh thoi vi nhiet

o 204oC; VII- TEG hoan nguyen hoan

toan (99,95%); VIII- TEG hoan nguyen

mot phan (99%); IX- TEG bao hoa; X-

kh phong hoa; XI- hon hp pentan va

TEG.

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ac iem cua s o:

+ 2 khoang hap thu: tren va di.

+ Cau tao cua chung giong nhau,

+ Ham lng glycol: di : 99,0 va tren 99,95% k.l.

+ iem sng cua kh : at ti -84,4oC.

+ ac iem hoan nguyen glycol: trong hai thiet b- Thap giai hap 5: [glycol] tang len en 99% k.l.,

- Thap giai hap 6 - en 99,95%k.l. nh kh thoi

+ Hieu qua kinh te cao hn ve nhien lieu va giam chi ph kh thoi .

+ e han che mat mat TEG: ra kh bang pentan.

chuan bi khi de che bien

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