Chirongwa chevhu, budiriro nekurima mumaruwa

emuZimbabweBlasio Mavedzenge, Felix Murimbarimba, Ian Scoones ne Chrispen Sukume

Chirongwa chekutora ivhu muna 2000 chakapidigura mamiriro ange akaita zvinhu munyaya dzezveminda nezveupfumi mu Zimbabwe. Varimi vatsva vechitema 165000 [145000 A1 ne 20000 A2] vakapinda munzvimbo dzaimbove mapurazi makuru kunyanya anga ari evachena vaisvika 6000 chete.

Varimi vatsva vakasangana nezvimhinga mupini zvakawandisa mukurima kwavo. Vakagwisana nazvo vamwe vakatobudirira zvekukwanisa kupinza vanhu mabasa pamisha yavo nekumutsa mabasa anechekuita nekurima mumaruva nemunyika. Vamwe vari kurima zvinotengeswa mumisika yemuno mu Zimbabwe nekunze kwenyika. Takaita ongororo yenyaya idzi makore mashoma apera munzvimbo yeMasvingo kuno naya mvura shoma nekuMazoe ku Mashonaland Central kuno naya mvura yakawanda. Ongororo yedu yaitangira pamusha kana kuti pamunda totevera kwazvinoenda kundosvika kwazvinotengeswa.

Taitarisa zvinoitwa nevarimi zvinoti fodya, mombe, chibage nemaghadeni. Ongororo yaivhunza kuti ndeipiko misika mitsva yakasakiswa kuti ivepo nevarimi vatsva? Misika iyi inobatsira vanhu here? Ukochekoche hwevarimi nemisika hwakambomira sei? Ko varimi vatsva varikurarama sei? Vari kupinzavo vamwe mabasa here? Ndezvipiko zvimhingamupini zvinotadzisa zvinhu kuenderera mberi?

Nhanganyaya

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Kune zvinokosha zvakawanikwa muongororo:

Chirongwa chevhu muZimbabwe chakaunza budiriro nenzira dzakasiyanasiyana mumaruwa. Varimi vatsva vakamutsa misika yakawanda mitsva nekusimbaradza yakange iripo kare. Misika mizhinji nde yevanhu vechikorokoza nevamwe vatingati vavekubudirira munyaya dzemabhizimisi anechekuita nekurima.

Kuwanikwa kwemabasa anechekuita nokurima kunosakiswa nekutaramuka kwakaita nzwimbo dzinodyidzana

dzine ukochekoche [value chains]. Mamirire eminda anhasi kubva kutorwa kweminda mitsva, anoti maruzevha akare, minda mitsva midiki nemikuru [A1 ne A2]. Mapoka aya avarimi anodyidzana nekubatsirana, aneukochekoche, zvinobatsira kusimudzira budiriro yenzvimbo nenzira dzakasiyana siyana. Chirongwa chevhu chisati chavepo kwaingove chete nevemaruzevha nevemapurazi makuru pasina kudyidzana kunoyamura.

Mabasa akamuka kuminda mitsva mamwe kumabhizimisi maduku

nemakuru munzvimbo maimbove musina, zvichibva mukurima. Varimi vatsva vanopinza vanhu mabasa kwechinguva chakareba [permanent] uye nokusevenzerwavo nevamaricho [temporary]. Mihoro [pay] yakati derere zvayo. Vazhinji vanopinzwa basa kwechinguva chakareba dzinenge dziri hama kana kuti vanhu vanobva kwakabva murimi mutsva. Ku Mvurwi kuMazoe district vagari vemuma komboni vakasiiwa nevachena vanopinzwavo mabasa chaizvo nevarimi vatsva. Vamwe vashoma vemuma komboni [compounds] vakawanavo minda mitsva.

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Kusimukira kunoita varimi vatsva kunoitika nenzira

dzakasiyana siyana

[pathways]. Kumwe kuune chekuita nedzimari dzinobva mukurima kwavo vachiidzosera vachiumba zvekuzvisimudzira [incremental reinvestment], imwe inobva kunze, semari dzinotumirwa nevana, nemari dzinobva mumamwe mabasa asinei nekurima. Kunevo vanorima vakazvimirira, koitavo vamwe vanobetserwa nemakambani [contract] sevefodya vanopiwa ma fetiraiza nezvimwe. Kazhinji kacho mari

dzinouya pamusha kubva

kunze dzinokosha

pabudiriro mukurima.

Makambani makuru akudhara ndiwo achiri kutengesa zvakawanda zvinodiwa mukurima

[inputs] se mafetiriza, mbeu nemishonga. Vanhu vechimhizha, vana ‘siya so’ vakamutsavo zvibhizinesi zvidoko zvokutengesera varimi vatsva zvinhu zvinemitengo yakaderera zvekushandisa nekugadzira zvinenge zvaminama. Makorokoza nevezvibhizimisi zvidiki vari kubudirira nekutengesazve zvinobva kunze, zvine mitengo yakaderera, zvakaita se mbombi dzekushandisa pakudiridzira nezvimwevo.

Kudhara masapurazi makuru zvikuru avachena aivepo aitengesa kumisika

yavo mishoma yevachena yaive isingatenderwi veruzhinji. Nhasi uno misika yave yemunhu

wese [inclusive] hakuchisina rusarura sezvaivepo kare.

Vagari ve kuminda vawanda kubatanidza varimi vatsva pachavo, vasevenzi nevano manyamanya vachikorokoza. Izvi zvaunza nekusimbaradza mabhizimisi matsva kuzvitawindi zvidiki

nenzvimbo

dzemabhizimisi [small towns and business centres] zvinotengesa magirosari, zvipfeko, hwahwa, kuruka vudzi nekugerwa, kutengesa maserefoni nemajusi cards. Izvi zvinhu zvinounza budiriro nemabasa

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Minda ichangotorwa kuma 2000 mukoho wefodya munyika wakadonha zviya zvinonzi kudonha kubva ku 200 million kgs kusvika 48 million kgs chete. Nhasi uno chinenge chishamiso nekuti mukoho wefodya munyika wadzokerazve kuma 200 million kgs sezvazvakange zviri vachena vaikwana 2000 vachairima. Nhasi uno fodya yavekurimwa nevarimi 75,000 zvinobatanidza 30,000 varimi vatsva venzvimbo diki [A1] nevekuma

ruzevha [communal areas] nema A2 Gore rega rega fodya inotengeswa kunze kwenyika, zvikuru ku Belgium neChina yavekudira mari inodarika mamiriyoni amadhora US$400!000!000 munyika.

Nyika yose varimi vefodya vanobatsirwa nemakambani vachipiwa mafetiraiza, mishonga [contract] nekupiwa zvisengeso [transport] nezvimwe ndivo vakawanda kusvika makumi manomwe anoraudza

muzana [75 %]. Izvi zvinobatsira vazhinji vasina mari dzacho kurima fodya zviri nyore.

Varimi vatsva vanopinza vanhu mabasa kubatanidza vashandi vakasiiwa mumakomboni [compounds] akavakwa nevachena vakaenda. Varimi ve A1 veku Mvurwi vanoshandirwa nehuwandu hwavanhu hwunoti kazhinji kacho, umwe chete wepamba, nevana zvichiraudza [4] vemaricho, vazhinji vavo

Fodya

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vachigara mumakombon epadhuzei. Varimi veminda mikuru [A2] ndivo vanoshandirwa nevagari vemumakomboni vakawandisa uyezve vachishandisa mameneja [farm managers]. Kunze kwekurima vamwe varimi veminda mikuru [A2] vanoonekwa vachibhindauka, vachisimudzira kurima nemamwe mabizimusi avo akaita sezvitoro nemabhizimisi ezvisengeso [transport].

Fodya yave kudira mari mumaruwa. KuMazoe district gore ra 2013 madhora anoita 49 million akadirwa munzvimbo iyoyo kubva muna February

kusvika muna September. Mari yakadai yakatinhura misika yeruzhinji nemabhizimisi ikoko akaita se edoro, magirosari, zvipfeko, zvekugadzira misoro, zvifoni umbozha nemajusi cards. Pano wanda vanhu panodyiwa naizvozvo mabhizimisi akamukavo kune vamwe vachitengesa huku dzamafidha nemazai. Makambani anotengesa chikafu chehuku nehuku dzacho vana Pro Feeds, National Foods navana Irvines vakasimbaradzwa. Varimi vefodya varikusevenzesa mari dzacho kutenga dzimba, kuvaka, kutenga matractors, motikari, mombe, magirosari,

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zvipfeko, kuendesa vana kuzvikoro nekutenga zvinoshandiswa mukurima kwavo. Tawindi diki inonzi Mvurwi yashanduka kudarika vachena vachiripo. Dzimba dzakavakwa dzawanda, mabhizimisi arikushinyira, zvinhu zviri kufamba.

Asika haasi munhu wese arikubudirira. Vamwe zvakapuresa, vamwe variku ma A1 varikuzvigona varikutoda minda seyama A2 yakakura kudarika yavanayo. Kurima fodya kwaunzavo imwe nhamo huru yekupera kwemasango, kupera kwemiti inoshandiswa pakupisa fodya mumabhani [tobacco barns].

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Murimi wakabudirira nekurima fodyaVa C vakabva kwa Chiweshe, vakapiwa 6 hectare nechirongwa chevhu mu Lucknow Estate mugore ra 2001. Vakatanga kurima fodya muna 2003. Mumwaka wa 2012-2013 vakarima mahekita matatu efodya. Vakabatsirwa ne ZLT pakurima hekita imwe chete vakatengesa ku ZLT. Dzimwe hekita mbiri vakarima vega vakatengesa kwaBoka ku Auction Floors. Vakawana mabhero 43 akavapa madhora US$11000. ZLT yakatora madhora US$1200 pane zvayakapa zvaisanganisa masaga gumi e fetiraiza yapasi, masaga mana eyapamusoro, mbeu, mishonga nemari yekurimisa hekita imwe. Pamahekita maviri ekuzvirimira vega vakatenga masaga makumi mana nemaviri [42] ku Windmill Harare. Mbeu vakatenga ku chitoro cheKutsaga chiri paBoka. Mishonga vakatenga kuchitoro che Agricura muMvurwi. Huni dzekupisa fodya vakatora kuplantation yakasiiwa nemurumbi ku Msonedi. Pakurima vakahaya tirakita youmwe murima ndokuhayazve mota yekuendesa mabhero efodya kwa Boka kubva kunoumwe murimi wepadhuze.

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Vanosevenzerwa nemunhu mumwe chete wekumusha kwavo kwa Chiweshe wavanopa madhora makumi mashanu [US$50] pamwedzi. Chikafu nepokugara vanomupa mahara uyezve vakamupa chimunda cheanodzvara zveanoda. Vanoshandirwazve nevamaricho mazuva [labour days] anoita 225 pamwaka vavanobhadhara madhora mana [US$4] pazuva pamunhu. Mhuri inoshandavo chose panyaya dzefodya zvingaite mazuva [labour days] 462 pamwaka.

Mafambiro emari dzefodya ya Mr C mumwaka wa 2012-2013

Mari yakapinda Mari

Mutengo wamabhero 43 US $11000

Mari yakakweretwa ku ZLT US $500

Mari yakabuda US $11500

Kubhadara chikwereti ku ZLT US $700

Fetiraiza yavaka tenga pasina chikwereti

US $1980

Mishonga yavakatenga pasina chikwereti

US $200

Kubhadara vashandi nezvekurimisa US $1252

Mari yose yakabuda US $4562

Mari yakasara pamusha US $6938

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Kunze kokurima fodya mhuri yava C inorimavo dzimwe mbesa. Mumwaka wa 2012-2013 vakakohwa matani mashanu echibage chatingaisa mari yacho pa US$1400. Binzi dzakaita tani imwe chete zvinoreva US$1200, vakakohwazve 40 mabhagede embambaira akatengeswa akaita US$200.

Chibage, beans ne mbambaira zvinorimwa nava C hazvitengeswi zvese. Mhuri inodya votengesavo zvimwe kumakorokoza vachiwana mari. Va C vanochengetavo mombe dzavanotenga kwadzakachipa kwaMzarabani nzvimbo isina mvura yakawanda kunoraramiwa nekutengesa zvipfuyo. Hama dzavo dzinogara ikoko ndidzo dzinovatsvakira mombe dzinomutengo uri nani. Kuna va C mombe ibhanga rinovapa mari yekurimisa nezvimwevo.

Mari yefodya inoshandiswa zvakawanda pamusha wava C. Mumakore mashoma apera vakatenga mota, Nissan Terrano ne tirakita yakange isingafambi yavakazogadzirisa. Imwe mari ndiyo inoshandiswa pamba, kubhadhara mari yevana vechikoro, shuga, mafuta, sepa nokuvaka pamusha. Vanotenga zvizhinji zvavanoda mu tawindi ye Mvurwi iri padhuze navo nedzimwe nzvimbo dziri pedyo navo.

Kutevera tsoka dzemari yakabuda pamusha wava C mu 2012-2013

KukoshaZvakashanda mari Kupiko Kure zvakadini [km]

1 Kugadzirisa tractor Murimi wapedyo 32 Mai yechikoro Chikoro chepedyo 23 Girosari [sepa, shuga, mafuta nezvimwe] Mvurwi 134 Kugadzirisa musha Mvurwi 13

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“Ndine makore makumi matatu nemashanu ekuberekwa. Ndakazvarirwa kuChikombedzi ndikazogara kwa Bhuka kwandaiita basa rekukandakanda [tin smith]. KwaBhuka kwakagariswa vanhu nehurumende vanoita zvekudiridza. Musure mekufa kwababa vangu muno mu Wondedzo A1 ndini ndakatora musengwa wekuchengeta mhuri yakasara. Ndauya muno ndakafunga kuita zvekudiridzira zvandakaona kwaBhuka kuti mhuri irarame. Mu 2006 takatanga kudiridza murivo nemabhagedi [buckets] nemvura yemukadhamu kari padhuze nemusha. Takatengesa murivo mudhuze neku tawindi yeMasvingo. Takatenga kambombi kanoshandiswa nekutsika nemakumbo [foot pump]. Muna 2010 takatenga pombi yedhiziri yekukweva mvura ine 5 HP yakaita US$200. Muna 2011 takatenga mapaipi 46 kuHarare. Kubva ipapo takatanga kurova mari sevadiridziri vemandorokwati. Munda watakapiwa une mahekita 31, isu tichidiridza 3 hectares nemvura yemuna Mutirikwi. Tinorima mbesa dzakaita sechibage nenzungu mumunda usingadiridzwi [dry land]. Takatenga mombe nemari yekudiridza dzatinoshandisa pakurima dzichitipavo mukaka. Mughadeni redu rekwa Mutirikwi rina mahekita matatu, tinorima matomati, makhavichi, murivo werepi nechibage chinyoro. Ndine madzimai akawanda saka basa zhinji rinoitwa nemhuri pachayo”.

MaghadeniKuMvurwi nekuMasvingo rombo rekuwana ivhu mu 2000 rakapa vanhu mukana wekupinda mukurima maghadeni zvinemutsindo vachitengesa zvavanorima kumataundi ari padhuze. Regai tione maitirwo azvo tichitarisa umwe murimi weku Wondedzo kuMasvingo unonzi va M wakabudirira ne maghadeni [horticulture].

Kurima maghadeni zvine mutsindo

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Va M vane mushandi umwe chete anopiwa US$70 pamwedzi achiwanavo chikafu nepokugara. Vanoshandirwa nevamaricho vemunharaunda. Pakukohwa vamaricho vanopiwa chikamu chezvavakohwa. Kana kuchikohwiwa murivo vanopiwa chikamu chimwe muzvina [25%], Pakukohwa matomatisi vanopiwa mugomo umwe. Mamwe mabasa sekusakura, kuisa feteraiza nezvimwe ndeemari inoita US$6 pamunhu pazuva. Mu 2013 mari yakapiwa musevenzi nevamaricho yakasvika US$3306.

Va M vanotengesa zvevanowana mu irigesheni yavo kumisika yakawanda. Kune madzimai matatu anemusika ku Train market kutawindi ye Masvingo vano hodha kubva kuna va M nguva nenguva vachifonerana. Vana mai ava vanokwanisa kuhodha tani nehafu [1.5 tonnes] dzematomatisi vhiki yega yega. Uwandu hwacho tingati migomo 140. Mugomo wamatomatisi unogona kuita US$20 kusvika US$35 zvichifambirana nekuwanda kwawo mumisika.

Va M vanotakura matomatisi nemota yavo vachinotengesa kune imwe misika yekumabhizimisi eku Ndanga, Gumbo ne Jerera. Chibage chinyoro chinonyanyo tengwa nemadzimai anobva kwa Roy anogocha vachitengesera mumugwagwa mukuru unoenda kwa Mutare. Vechibage chinyoro vanouya vega kuzotengera pamusha.

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Madzimai emusika vanohaya mota US$30 nguva yese yavanotakura matomatisi kubva kwa va M. Motokari inotsveta matomatisi pane imwe nzvimbo muMasvingo vohayazve vezvingoro zvidiki [push carts] kusvika pavanotengesera mu Train market vachibhadara US$1 pamigomo mina.

Va M vanoendesavo murivo kutawindi yeMasvingo, kuma supamaketi ekwa OK nekwa Tsungai nemota yavo kana kuhaya. Va M vanotengerwa 200-300 mabanduro erepi [rape] kaviri pavhiki nemasupamaketi achivapa masendi US$25c – US$30c pa bhanduro rimwe. Makhavichi vanotengerwavo

nemasupamaketi kuma 300 ruviri pavhiki achiita masendi 50-60 cents bhanduro rimwe chete.

Va M vanotengesa matomatisi kunzvimbo dzemabhizimisi dziri pedyo nedziri kure nemusha wavo sekwa Roy 25, kwaGumbo nokuJerera vachishandisa mota yavo. Pamusha pavo vanotengesa kuvanhu

vemunharaunda zvakaita semufusha unogadzirwa nemurivo wakasara paisharwa waitengeswa kumasupamarket. Chibage chinyoro chinotengeserwa pamusha kune vanhu vekwaRoy. Chibage chinohodhiwa ne US$1 pamiguri mina. Muna 2012-2013 va M vakawana kuma US$12,000 kubva kuchibage chinyoro.

Mafambiro emari dze ghadeni pamusha pava M

mumwaka 2012-2013

US$Mari yose yakawanikwa

mungadheni US $32458

Mafeteraisa, mbeu nemishongaUS $11238

Mari yemota nepeturo US $6000

Vasevenzi US $3306

Mari yakabuda yose US $20544

Mari yakasara pamusha US $11914

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Va M vakawanisa mabasa nemari vanhu vanotenga zvinhu zvevanorima muirigesheni yavo vazhinji vacho ari madzimai vanozvishandira pachavo.

Musika Musika waani Kure

zvakadinimakiromita

Mari yakawanikwa

nevemisika US$

Jerera 4 madzimai 80 4100

Gumbo 3 madzimai 50 5350

Ndanga 2 madzimai 35 1312

Masvingo Train Station 5 madzimai 30 1000

Roy Business centre 5 [mazdimai ne varume] 25 3500

O K Bazaars Supermarket 30 13000

Transporters 2 varume 20 4400

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Va M handivo chete vanobudirira nezvemaghadeni munzvimbo yeWondedzo. Kune vanhu vakawanda vari kuzviita vachitora mvura yemuna Mutirikwi vachishandisa mbombi dzemvura nekurima nekutengesa zvakafanana nezvinoitwa nava M vachitenga dzimota, kuvaka misha yakanaka nekufundisa vana vavo nemari ye irigasheni.

Asi zvimhingamipini zviripo. Mvura yemuna Mutirikwi yawandirwa nevanodiridzira. Makore anonaya mvura shoma rwizi runotombo karo kuoma, pachitoita mashoko pakati pavadiridziri.

Misikavo yavakuwandirwa zvinosakisa kuderera kwemitengo. Matomatisi ndiwo anonyanyo kuva nenhamo dzacho dzekuwandisa zvinoreva kuti murimi ano fanira kurimavo dzimwe mbeu kuti asanyure. Mbeu dzakaita semurivo dzikasatengwa dzinofushiwa [drying]. Matomatisi anotodavo nzira dzekuma fusha kuti murimi asarasikirwa kana atadza kutengwa.

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MombeChirongwa chevhu chisati chavepo muMasvingo province, vachena ndivo vange vachipfuya mombe dzenyama zvakanyanya vachichengeta mazana namazana mumapurazi. Vaitengesa nyama yemhando yepamusoro mumisika yenyama [abbatoirs] yaive yavo vega, muMasvingo imwe ichienda Harare nekunze kwenyika. Nhasi uno chirongwa chevhu chauya zvinhu zvapinduka. Nyama yemombe yave kubva kuvarimi vaneminda midiki vachitengesa shomane pamunhu asi nyama yose yozowandavo chaizvo zvimwe kudarika yvachena nekuwandavo kwakaita vanotengesa. Imwe siyano ndeyekuti nhasi uno munzvimbo dzaimbochengeterwa mombe dzenyama chete nevachena varimi vatsva vave kuchengetera mombe zvinhu zvakawanda zvinoti kutengesa, kurimisa, mifudze, mikaka nezvimwe.

Budiriro nekuchengeta mombe Pavakawana ivhu va C vakasevenzesa mari yakabva kubasa kwavakamboshanda kutenga mombe makumi maviri [20] dzikaberekana dzimwe vachitengesa. Iye zvino vane makumi mana anoraudza [42]. Mari yemombe yakabatsira

kuvaka dzimba mutaundi yeMasvingo nekutangisa irigesheni muna Mutirikwi dhuze nemusha wavo. Mombe tsiru vanotengesera pamusha wavo kuvanhu vemunharaunda vanoda kupfuwa nema dhora anosvika kuma US $400. Vanhu vanofarira rudzi

rwemombe dzavo dzechi Brahmin. Ngavi nemabhuru vanoendesa ku Montana ne Carswell meat kwavanobhadharwa dzaurawa. Ngavi ne mabhuru zvichivapa US$600 kusvika US$800 pamombe.

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Madhibha ehurumende anowanzo shaya mishonga saka vaC vanozvitengera dhimba nemishonga yokubaya nokudhoza kubva kuzvitoro zvemutawindi yeMasvingo zvinoti Masvingo Farm Supplies, Ricco nezvimwevo. Va C vanosevenzerwa nevashandi vana vanotambira US$70 pamunhu vachiita mabasa ese epamusha nemuminda. Vana vavo vaviri vanobatsiravo mabasa ese.

Kana vachitengesa mombe kuMasvingo vanotsvaka varume vatatu vemunharaunda, nyanzvi dzokutinha vanogara vachifambisa mombe mufambo unoita makiromita makumi matatu anoraudza [33 km]. Muna 2012-2013 va C vakatengesa mombe gumi nguva imwe, mari yacho ikabatsira ku irigesheni yavo. Mari dzemombe nokuenda kwenguva dzakabatsira kuvaka

chikoro chavo che sekondari muMasvingo chine vana zana namakumi matatu [130] iye zvino. Pamusha wokuminda pari kuvakwa zimba remutaundi bhambhamba. Va C vane mota mbiri diki asi iyezvino vanoda kutenga chirori chokusengesa zvinobva mu irigasheni vachiendesa kumisika yetawindi yeMasvingo. Mari yemombe inobatsiravo zvese zvinodiwa nemhuri pamusha.

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Mamirire emisika yenyama akashanduka nokutorwa kwevhu muZimbabwe. Kumisika yemombe kwave kuuya mombe dzisina iya yatingati nyama yemhando yepamusoro. Zvikurusei imombe dzakambo shandiswa kwemakore pakurima. Izvi zvinoreva kuti nyama yachipavo. Nyama irikutengeswa kwese kwese, mutaundi yeMasvingo nemumabhizimisi emumaruva makuru nemadiki.Bhizimisi renyama rave nemutsindo uye riri kuwanisa vanhu mabasa. Mumaruwa matekeshera vatengi vemombe nevanovasevenzera, vanoti madhira akazvimirira ega, vema Abbatoir nevemabhucha.

Mugore ra 2013 mutaundi yeMasvingo maive ne abbatoir mashanu nemabucha makumi matatu nemaviri [14 mutaundi, 18 mumarukisheni]. Kune kukwikwidzana kwemabhizimisi anotengesa nyama zvinosaka mitengo isiyane vamwe vachidzisa kuti vatengi vauye kwavari. Vanotengesa nyama vechidhira vanochipisa nyama vachitorera masupamaketi makasitoma [customers]. Vamwe vanhu vanemisika yenyama vanotenga mombe kumapurazi ema A2 kana kunotenga nyama kuma abbatoir nemitengo yakaderera

Mabasa ari kumuka kuma abbatoir, kune vanouraira mombe pasi pemiti [pole slaughter] nekumabhucha. Amwe mabasa arikumuka kunevanofamba vachitengesa nyama mbishi nevesadza vakasiyana kubva kuneve marestaurants, vemakicheni kusvika kune vanofamba vachitengesa nemabhagedhe [buckets]. Mabhizimisi arikuwandavo kune vanotengesa mishonga yemombe, madhibha, zvikafu zvemombe nevatakuri vemombe. Munhu wese kana ani zvake ungatarisirwa pasi wave nemukana wekupinda mubhizimisi renyam achirarama kana kuraramisa mhuri.

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“Ndini M ndine makore okuzvarwa anodarika 30 ndinobva ku Zaka. Kwemakore anodarika gumi ndakashanda mubucha muno ma Mai C ndichiita basa rekucheka nyama nemuchini. Nokudavo kuzvisimudzira ndakamboti bude basa ndokumboedzavo zvemusika wemurivo ndikanyura. Ndakazofunga zvekuedza bhizimisi rekutengesa mazondo nezvomukati. Ndakadzokazve ndikakumbira vebhucha rino kuti ndivachekera nyama nemuchini mahara asi ivo vonditendera kuchekavo mazondo angu. Vakabvuma vakatonditendera kumabika nekuatengesa pabhucha pavo. Vatengi vemazondo vakawanda ndevanouya kuzotandara vachihudzasa pa bhawa rakabatana ne bhucha. Ndinotengesavo mazondo asina kubikwa kune vanhu nevamabhizimisi esadza. Ndinotengesa mazondo makumi masere [80] pavhiki. Bhizimisi rangu remazondo riri kufaya. Ndave kutumira mari kuhama dziri Zaka mwedzi wega wega. Iyezvino ndakatenga foto [digital camera] yemhando yepamusoro yandichaita

mari nayo ndichitora vanhu mifananidzo. Ndakatoroora mudzimai wangu nemari yemazondo. Iyezvino arikushanda muno mubhucha asi anechirongwa chekubuda basa otangisa rake

bhizimisi rekuruka vanhu misoro. Donzvo rangu kana kuti shuviro yangu ndeyekusevenzesa mari yemazondo kupinda mubhizimisi rekutenga nekutengesa mombe”.

Kurarama nekutengesa nyama

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ChibageChibage chinorimwa nevarimi vese kuMvurwi nekuMasvingo nokuti sadza racho rinofarirwa neruzhinji rwavanhu munyika. Chakawanda chinorimwa muminda isingadiridzirwi chishomvo mumagadheni nomumairigesheni. Asika chibage hachina kuchipa pakuchirima. Chinoda mvura yakakwana nenguva yainodiwa zvisingawanzowanikwa zvikuru sei ku Masvingo kwakawanda makore asina mvura. Mifudze inowanikwa nevane mombe dzakati wandei zvisina vanhu vese. Mafetiriza anodhura zvekuti vazhinji havakwanise kutenga yakakwana. Kunyangwe zvakadero kubva 2010 kusvika 2014 takaona varimi ve A1 veMasvingo vachikohwa tani rechibage nechidimbu [1.2 tonnes] pamusha. Munguva yakare iyoyo takaona ve A1 kuMvurwi vachikohwa matani echibage matatu nehafu [3.5 tonnes] pamusha. Asika mukoho wechibage pahekita waive pasisa pezvinotarisirwa munzvimbo dzese. KuMasvingo varimi vaikohwa tani imwe [1 tonne] pahekita, kuMvurwi vachiwanavo matani maviri chete [2 tonnes] pahekita. Chibage chinochengeterwa sadza pamisha asi chakawanda chinotengeswavo nevanhu vakagariswa muminda. Kubva 2010 kusvika 2014 kuMvurwi vaitengesa matani maviri nechidimbu [2.2 tonnes] pamusha ku Masvingo vachitengesa hafu yetani [0.5 tonne] pamusha. Varimi vechibage vanotengesera vavagerenavo [local people], vanotengeseravo madhira [dealers] vanochinjisa nezvokushandisa pamusha, kumataundi vanotengesera vanogaya upfu nekuma GMB.

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Va K nemudzimai wavo vakawana ma hekita okurima matanhatu pavakauya kuminda mitsva ku Mvurwi mugore ra 2006. Mumwaka we 2012-2013 vakarima mahekita echibage matatu. Vakatengesa matani gumi nemutengo waiita madhora US$320 patani kuvachena vaviri vari mubhizimisi rokutenga nokutenges mbeu mu tawindi ye Mvurwi. Mhuri yava K inoshandirwa nemushandi umwe chete wavanobhadara madhora US$70 pamwedzi. Mhuri inoshandavo mumunda uye vanosevenzesa vamaricho. Vemaricho vanobva muma komboni [compounds]

akasiiwa nevachena, vanobhadharwa madhora matatu US$3 pazuva pamunhu. Pamwaka wa 2012-2013 vamaricho vakabhadharwa mari inoita madhora US$222. Va K vanoshandisa mishonga yokuuraya sora zvinobatsira kuderedza mari yekusakura. Pakurima vaka haya tractor youmwe murimi we A2 uri munzvimbo mavo. Kurimirwa mahekita matatu vakabhadhara madhora US$240. Vakashandisa masaga gumi nemasere e feteriza akatengwa nemadhora US$612, Mbeu yechibage inosvika 60 kg yakatengwa ne madhora US$144.

Feteriza nembeu zvakatengwa ku ZFC ku Harare. Mishonga yechibage inouraya sora neimwevo yechibage yakatengwazve kunezvimwe zvitoro zvoku Harare nemari yaisvika madhora US$120. Vakatengesa chibage kutaundi ye Mvurwi. Vakahaya murimi we A2 ari padhuze navo kuvatakurira. Vakabhadhara mari inoita madhora US$200 [dora rimwe pasaga].

Chibage chose chakatengeswa chakaita madhora US$3200. Mari yakabuda yose pakurima nokutengesa chibage

Kurimira chibage mari

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Kutevera tsoka dzemari yakabuda pamusha wava K muna 2012-2013

Kukosha Zvakashanda mari Kupiko Kure zvakadini [km]

1 Mota Harare 100 km

2 Zinoshandiswa mukurima Harare 100 km

3 Magirosari nezvipfeko Mvurwi 16 km

4 Vashandi Komboni 2 km

yakaita madhora US$1748. Mari yakasara pamusha yakaita madhora US$1452. Pamusoro pekurima chibage vakarimavo hekita imwe yefodya nemahekita maviri emasoya beans. Vakakohwa mabhero efodya mapfumbamwe [9] akatengwa nemadhora US$3400. Vakakohwa matani matatu e soya

beans, vakatengesa kune vanotenga vakamirira National Foods muMvurwi nemadhora US$1350. Vakachengetavo huku dzenyama 300 dzavakatengesa munzvimbo yavanogara, dzikavadzosera madhora US$1800. Chikafu chehuku chaigadzirwa nechekutenga chakavhengana nechibage

chavo chavaigaisa. Mari zhinji yakabva mukurima yakasevenzeswa kutenga mota nekutenga zvaidiwa mukurima kwe mwaka waitevera kubva ku Harare. Imwevo mari yakatenga zvekupfeka nezvekudya [clothes and grocery] mu Mvurwi. Imwe ndiyo yakabhadhara vashandi [farm labour].

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Nhasi uno kutorwa kwakaita ivhu kuri kuunza budiriro nemabasa kumaruwa zvichinyanyo batsira vagari vemo. Kune hukochekoche [linkages] nokudyidzana kunopa mikana yebudiriro. Asi havasiri vese vari kubudirira, vamwe vari kufamba nebhora vamwe zvakapuresa.

Kune shanduko yakanyanya muZimbabwe irikuitika mamaruwa kubva kutorwa kwakaita ivhu raive mumaoko evachena. Kutora ivhu ndiyo nhanho yekutanga chete. Kuvaka hwaro hwebudiriro hunounza mabasa nekuvaka misika yakakosha yakasimba mumaruwa inyaya inokosha inotora nguva inoda rubatsiro rwakasimba, kwechinguva.

Kune zvimhinga mupini zvakawandisa zvinosangana navarimi. Izvi zvinosanganisa zvinodiwa kuti mafetiriza asingadhuri awanikwe nechirongwa chinotsigirwa nehurumende, ruzivo rwekurima rwakakwana runobva kuvarimisi, kuchishandiswa mafoni mbozha nemahindaneti [cell phones and internet], kuunza mvura nema irigesheni, netsamba dziri pamutemo dzinopa vanhu kodzero yeminda kuti vaunganidze zvebudiriro panzvimbo dzavanadzo. Zvinhu izvi takazvitaura munezvimwe zvinyorwa zvatakaburitsa, asi pano tinopa hurudziro yezvinodiwa kusimbaradza nekusimudzira hokocheko dzevarimi neimwe mikana inounza

budiriro mudzinzvimbo [supporting economic linkages and the non-farm rural

economy] zvinoti:

Remangwana mikana nezvibingamipini

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Kuno fanira kuvakwa hwaro hwakasimba hwebudiriro nokuchimbidzika kusimudzira basa rakanaka mukurima riri kuitika. Migwagwa yakanaka ngaigadzirwe, misika ngaivakwe, magetsi ngaavuye kuvarimi, masandairira [network coverage] ngaasvike kwese], nzvimbo dzekuchengetera zvirimwa ngadzivakwe, zvese nenzvimbo dzemabhizimisi nezvimwe.

Ruzivo rwezvirikuitika

mumisika yezvirimwa runobatsira kuti varimi varege kurima murima. Nzira dzakawanda dzokuwana ruzivo dzinofanira kukurudzirwa se foni mbozha nemaindaneti [Internet]. Izvi zvinobatsira varimi noruzivo rwemitengo irikubhadarwa mumisika yakasiyana inotenga nokutengesa. Ruzivo rwakadai runobetsera varimi kuti varime vakananga zvinodiwa pane kungorima zvakawandisa zvisinganyanyo diwa zvisina mari.

Zviriko zvirongwa

zvekubatsirwa kurima

nemakhambani akazvimirira ega zvinobetsera vanhu nezvinodiwa mukurima.

Kambani yeku China ye Tianze inobatsira varimi vefodya zvikuru sei varimi veminda mikuru. Inosimudziravo nyaya dzekutengesa fodya pamisika yeruzhinji [tobacco auction floors]. Asika kunodiwa mitemo inodzivirira kuti varimi nemakhambani vasatsotsana.

Vanhu vakawanda havana mari dzekutanga

mabhizimisi ezvekurima. Mabhengi anongopa zvikwereti chete kune vemakhambani vanechokuita nembeu shoma sefodya. Kuno fanira kuwanikwa nyore mari dzisingadhuri kune avo vanoda kuita mabhizimisi madiki ezvokurima kana zvimwevo. Mitemo inodikwa kuti vakweretesi vemari nevanokwereta vasanyudzana.

Zvitaundi zvidiki

nenzvimbo dzemabhizimisi

[business centres] zviri padhuze nevarimi ndizvo zviri kukura, zvine misika kuno tenga vanhu nokutengeserana nokuvawanisa mabasa. Nzvimbo idzi ndidzo ‘mviromviro dzebudiro’[growth poles] naizvozvo dzinoda

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Kurima kwakaunzwa ne hondo yeminda kwavakusimudzira nyaya dze budiriro zvinemutsindo munyika yeZimbabwe. Asika kuti zvinyanyo endesa mberisa zvichibatsira vanhu vakawanda pane zvakawanda zvinofanira kuitwa – unyanzvi hwekuvaka zvinodiwa nemitemo mitsva inotsigira nekusimbaradza budiriro munyika.

kubatsirwa kuvakwa zvakanaka nokuitirwa zvese zvinodiwa sekuvakira vanhu pekutengesera kuti dzisimudzire vemabhizimisi madiki oruzhinji okuzviitira.

Zvinokosha kuti varimi nevanovabatsira nezvinhu zvavanoshandisa mukurima vave noruzivo rwakakwana rwezvemari [business

skills training] runovabatsira kusimudzira mabhindauko avo. Zvikuru sei vechidiki vasina minda kana vakawana unyanzwi hunechokuita nemabhizimisiavo akasiyana siyana vanokwanisa kubudiriravo nedzimwe nzira dzakasiyana siyana. Zvinokosha kuti vakwereti

vemari vadzidziswe zvekufambisa mari mu bhizimisi [business finance training] vachipiwa zvitupa.

Zvinokosha zvikuru kuva nenzira dzakawanda dzokuwedzera kukosha

kwezvirimwa. Varimi vanorasikirwa zvikuru kana zvinhu zvavarima zvakona kutengwa sematomatisi nemirivo zvinopedzisira zvaora. Kunodiwa nzira dzekufusha zvinhu izvi nenzira dzineutano. Varimi vefodya vanorasikirwa kana imwe fodya yavo yarambwa nevanotenga. Kunevo mamwe mashizha anongosaravo. Kunodiwa ruzivo nenzira dzekugadzira zvinhu zvakaita semufudze

sezvinoitwa nekhambani inonz i Nico Orgo.

Kubatsira vanhu kunoitwa nemakambani akazvimirira ega munyaya dzekurima kune mitemo

inodzvanyirira varimi ne zvikwereti zvinozvara zvizukuru [punitive taxes and charges] zvinotambudza kudzorera. Hurumende inofanira kupindira kuti kuve nemitemo inodzivirira varimi vadiki kuti vasanyudzwe nemakambani. Iyovo hurumende pachayo inofanira kubvisa zvimitemo temo zvaivepo kare zvinotadzisa mabhizimisi madiki kutangisa nokuenda mberi

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Photos: BZ Mavedzenge, Ian Scoones and Pamela Ngwenya

Design and production: Jake Cornwall Scoones

Kuwedzera ruzivoProject: Space, Markets, Employment and Agricultural Development in Southern Africa (SMEAD), www.future-agricultures.org/smead. Project no: ES/J009261/1

Report: Sukume, C., Mavedzenge, B., Murimbarima, F. and Scoones, I. (2015) Space Markets and Employment in Agricultural Development: Zimbabwe Country Report. Research Report 46. Cape Town: PLAAS. www.plaas.org.za/plaas-publications/rr-46-smead-zimbabwe

Videos: www.youtube.com/user/ZimLandReform

Blog: www.zimbabweland.wordpress.com

Website: www.zimbabweland.net

2016