12/18/2015 Hundred Family Surnames ­ Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Hundred Family SurnamesFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Hundred Family Surnames (Chinese: 百家姓; pinyin: Bǎijiāxìng) is a classic Chinese text composedof common Chinese surnames. The book was composed in the early Song Dynasty.[1] It originallycontained 411 surnames, and was later expanded to 504.[1] Of these, 444 are single­character surnames, and60 are double­character surnames. About 800 names have been derived from the original ones.[2]

In the dynasties following the Song, the Three Character Classic, the Hundred Family Surnames, andThousand Character Classic came to be known as San Bai Qian (Three, Hundred, Thousand), from the firstcharacter in their titles. They were the almost universal introductory literary texts for students, almostexclusively boys, from elite backgrounds and even for a number of ordinary villagers. Each was availablein many versions, printed cheaply, and available to all since they did not become superseded. When astudent had memorized all three, he had a knowledge of roughly 2,000 characters. Since Chinese did notuse an alphabet, this was an effective, though time consuming, way of giving a "crash course" in characterrecognition before going on to understanding texts and writing characters. [3]

The Hundred Family Surnames was translated into Manchu as

(Wylie: Pe giya sing, Möllendorff: Be

giya sing).

Contents

1 Form

2 Complete text

3 See also

4 Notes

5 References

6 External links

Form

The work is a rhyming poem in lines of eight characters. The surnames are not listed in order ofcommonality. According to Song dynasty scholar Wang Mingqing (王明清), the first four surnames listedrepresent the most important families in the empire at the time:[4]

12/18/2015 Hundred Family Surnames ­ Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hundred_Family_Surnames 2/4

1st: Zhao (趙) is the surname of the Song Dynasty emperors.2nd: Qian (錢) is the surname of the kings of Wuyue.3rd: Sun (孫) is the surname of the queen of Wuyue.4th: Li (李) is the surname of the kings of Southern Tang.

The next four, Zhou 周, Wu 吳, Zheng 鄭, and Wang 王, were the surnames of the other wives of QianChu, the last king of Wuyue.[5]

Complete text

This text is written in traditional Chinese.

Zhao

趙 Qian

錢 Sun

孫 Li

李Zhou

周 Wu

吳 Zheng

鄭 Wang

王Feng

馮 Chen

陳 Chu

褚 Wei

衛Jiang

蔣 Shen

沈 Han

韓 Yang

楊Zhu

朱 Qin

秦 You

尤 Xu

許He

何 Lü

呂 Shi

施 Zhang

張Kong

孔 Cao

曹 Yan

嚴 Hua

華Jin

金 Wei

魏 Tao

陶 Jiang

姜Qi

戚 Xie

謝 Zou

鄒 Yu

喻Bai

柏 Shui

水 Dou

竇 Zhang

章Yun

雲 Su

蘇 Pan

潘 Ge

葛Xi

奚 Fan

范 Peng

彭 Lang

郎Lu

魯 Wei

韋 Chang

昌 Ma

馬Miao

苗 Feng

鳳 Hua

花 Fang

方Yu

俞 Ren

任 Yuan

袁 Liu

柳Feng

酆 Bao

鮑 Shi

史 Tang

唐Fei

費 Lian

廉 Cen

岑 Xue

薛Lei

雷 He

賀 Ni

倪 Tang

湯Teng

滕 Yin

殷 Luo

羅 Bi

畢Hao

郝 Wu

鄔 An

安 Chang

常Yue

樂 Yu

于 Shi

時 Fu

傅Pi

皮 Bian

卞 Qi

齊 Kang

康Wu

伍 Yu

余 Yuan

元 Bu

卜Gu

顧 Meng

孟 Ping

平 Huang

黃He

和 Mu

穆 Xiao

蕭 Yin

尹Yao

姚 Shao

邵 Zhan

湛 Wang

汪Qi

祁 Mao

毛 Yu

禹 Di

狄Mi

米 Bei

貝 Ming

明 Zang

臧Ji

計 Fu

伏 Cheng

成 Dai

戴Tan

談 Song

宋 Mao

茅 Pang

龐Xiong

熊 Ji

紀 Shu

舒 Qu

屈Xiang

項 Zhu

祝 Dong

董 Liang

梁Du

杜 Ruan

阮 Lan

藍 Min

閔Xi

席 Ji

季 Ma

麻 Qiang

強Jia

賈 Lu

路 Lou

婁 Wei

危Jiang

江 Tong

童 Yan

顏 Guo

郭Mei

梅 Sheng

盛 Lin

林 Diao

刁Zhong

鍾 Xu

徐 Qiu

邱 Luo

駱Gao

高 Xia

夏 Cai

蔡 Tian

田Fan

樊 Hu

胡 Ling

凌 Huo

霍Yu

虞 Wan

萬 Zhi

支 Ke

柯Zan

昝 Guan

管 Lu

盧 Mo

莫Jing

經 Fang

房 Qiu

裘 Miao

繆Gan

干 Xie

解 Ying

應 Zong

宗Ding

丁 Xuan

宣 Ben

賁 Deng

鄧Yu

郁 Shan

單 Hang

杭 Hong

洪Bao

包 Zhu

諸 Zuo

左 Shi

石Cui

崔 Ji

吉 Niu

鈕 Gong

龔Cheng

程 Ji

嵇 Xing

邢 Hua

滑Pei

裴 Lu

陸 Rong

榮 Weng

翁Xun

荀 Yang

羊 Yu

於 Hui

惠Zhen

甄 Qu

麴 Jia

家 Feng

封Rui

芮 Yi

羿 Chu

儲 Jin

靳Ji

汲 Bing

邴 Mi

糜 Song

松Jing

井 Duan

段 Fu

富 Wu

巫Wu

烏 Jiao

焦 Ba

巴 Gong

弓Mu

牧 Kui

隗 Shan

山 Gu

谷Che

車 Hou

侯 Mi

宓 Peng

蓬Quan

全 Xi

郗 Ban

班 Yang

仰Qiu

秋 Zhong

仲 Yi

伊 Gong

宮Ning

寧 Qiu

仇 Luan

欒 Bao

暴Gan

甘 Tou

鈄 Li

厲 Rong

戎Zu

祖 Wu

武 Fu

符 Liu

劉Jing

景 Zhan

詹 Shu

束 Long

龍Ye Xing Si Shao Gao Li Ji Bo Yin Su Bai Huai Pu Tai Cong E

12/18/2015 Hundred Family Surnames ­ Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hundred_Family_Surnames 3/4

葉 幸 司 韶 郜 黎 薊 薄 印 宿 白 懷 蒲 邰 從 鄂Suo

索 Xian

咸 Ji

籍 Lai

賴Zhuo

卓 Lin

藺 Tu

屠 Meng

蒙Chi

池 Qiao

喬 Yin

陰 Yu

郁Xu

胥 Nai

能 Cang

蒼 Shuang

雙Wen

聞 Shen

莘 Dang

黨 Zhai

翟Tan

譚 Gong

貢 Lao

勞 Pang

逄Ji

姬 Shen

申 Fu

扶 Du

堵Ran

冉 Zai

宰 Li

酈 Yong

雍Xi

郤 Qu

璩 Sang

桑 Gui

桂Pu

濮 Niu

牛 Shou

壽 Tong

通Bian

邊 Hu

扈 Yan

燕 Ji

冀Jia

郟 Pu

浦 Shang

尚 Nong

農Wen

溫 Bie

別 Zhuang

莊 Yan

晏Chai

柴 Qu

瞿 Yan

閻 Chong

充Mu

慕 Lian

連 Ru

茹 Xi

習Huan

宦 Ai

艾 Yu

魚 Rong

容Xiang

向 Gu

古 Yi

易 Shen

慎Ge

戈 Liao

廖 Yu

庾 Zhong

終Ji

暨 Ju

居 Heng

衡 Bu

步Du

都 Geng

耿 Man

滿 Hong

弘Kuang

匡 Guo

國 Wen

文 Kou

寇Guang

廣 Lu

祿 Que

闕 Dong

東Ou

歐 Shu

殳 Wo

沃 Li

利Yu

蔚 Yue

越 Kui

夔 Long

隆Shi

師 Gong

鞏 She

厙 Nie

聶Chao

晁 Gou

勾 Ao

敖 Rong

融Leng

冷 Zi

訾 Xin

辛 Kan

闞Na

那 Jian

簡 Rao

饒 Kong

空Zeng

曾 Wu

毋 Sha

沙 Nie

乜Yang

養 Ju

鞠 Xu

須 Feng

豐Chao

巢 Guan

關 Kuai

蒯 Xiang

相Zha

查 Hou

后 Jing

荊 Hong

紅You

游 Zhu

竺 Quan

權 Lu

逯Ge

蓋 Yi

益 Huan

桓 Gong

公Moqi

万俟 Sima

司馬Shangguan

上 官 Ouyang

歐陽Xiahou

夏侯 Zhuge

諸葛Wenren

聞人 Dongfang

東 方Helian

赫連 Huangfu

皇甫Yuchi

尉遲 Gongyang

公 羊Tantai

澹臺 Gongye

公冶Zongzheng

宗 政 Puyang

濮陽Chunyu

淳于 Chanyu

單于Taishu

太叔 Shentu

申屠Gongsun

公孫 Zhongsun

仲 孫Xuanyuan

軒 轅 Linghu

令狐Zhongli

鐘離 Yuwen

宇文Zhangsun

長 孫 Murong

慕容Xianyu

鮮于 Lüqiu

閭丘Situ

司徒 Sikong

司空Qiguan

亓官 Sikou

司寇Zhang

仉 Du

督 Ziju

子車Zhuansun

顓 孫 Duanmu

端木Wuma

巫馬 Gongxi

公西Qidiao

漆雕 Yuezheng

樂 正Rangsi

壤駟 Gongliang

公 良Tuoba

拓拔 Jiagu

夾谷Zaifu

宰父 Guliang

穀粱Jin

晉 Chu

楚 Yan

閆 Fa

法Ru

汝 Yan

鄢 Tu

涂 Qin

欽Duangan

段干 Baili

百里Dongguo

東郭 Nanmen

南門Huyan

呼延 Gui

歸 Hai

海Yangshe

羊舌 Weisheng

微 生Yue

岳 Shuai

帥 Gou

緱 Kang

亢Kuang

況 Hou

後 You

有 Qin

琴Liangqiu

梁丘 Zuoqiu

左丘Dongmen

東 門 Ximen

西門Shang

商 Mou

牟 She

佘 Nai

佴Bo

伯 Shang

賞 Nangong

南宮Mo

墨 Ha

哈 Qiao

譙 Da

笪Nian

年 Ai

愛 Yang

陽 Tong

佟Diwu

第五 Yan

言 Fu

福Bǎi

百 jiā

家 xìng

姓 zhōng

終[6]

See also

Chinese surnameList of common Chinese surnames

12/18/2015 Hundred Family Surnames ­ Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hundred_Family_Surnames 4/4

Chinese Wikisource hasoriginal text related to thisarticle:Hundred FamilySurnames

Seek for Surname HistoryThree Character ClassicThousand Character Classic

Notes1. K. S. Tom. [1989] (1989). Echoes from Old China: Life, Legends and Lore of the Middle Kingdom. University

of Hawaii Press. ISBN 0­8248­1285­9.2. Chen, Janey. [1992] (1992). A Practical English­Chinese Pronouncing Dictionary. Tuttle Publishing. ISBN 0­

8048­1877­03. Rawski (1979), pp. 46­48.4. “百家姓”排列终有序 姓氏文化有何内涵？ (in Chinese). Xinhua. 2006­03­05. Retrieved 2014­11­07.5. Chen Danning (2014­09­03). 钱氏修"百家姓"将钱姓排第2位 钱王妃子姓氏靠前 (in Chinese). China News.

Retrieved 2014­11­07.6. The last four­character line means "thus ends the Hundred Family Surnames." It is not intended to contain

surnames.

References

Rawski, Evelyn Sakakida (1979). Education and Popular Literacy in Ch'ing China. Ann Arbor:University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0­47­208753­3.

External links Hundred Surnames (https://librivox.org/search?

title=Hundred+Surnames&author=&reader=&keywords=&genre_id=0&status=all&project_type=either&recorded_language=&sort_order=catalog_date&search_page=1&search_form=advanced) publicdomain audiobook at LibriVox in mandarin

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hundred_Family_Surnames&oldid=693417438"

Categories: Chinese classic texts Chinese­language surnames

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