Characteristics of Communication

Jl. Babarsari 44 Yogyakarta 55281 Telp. +62-274-487711 Fax. +62-274-487748 www.uajy.ac.id

1

Characteristics of Communication

Week 3

Gregoria Arum Yudarwati


2

Discussion 1

Identify the characteristics of communication!


Characteristics of Communication

1. The symbolic nature of communication

2. The intentional nature of communication

3. Communication planned behaviour

4. The transactional nature of communication

5. The contextual nature of communication


1. The symbolic nature of communication

Human symbolic activities – activities of using symbols A sign is something which stands for another thing.

For example :

(1) symptom (a cough is a symptom that someone maybe sick)

(2) symbols (deliberately created to represent something)

(3) ritual (it is a bit of symptom but also a bit of symbols)


2. The Intentional nature of communication

The meaning is stimulated but is it stimulated intentionally?

Intentionally seems necessary to identify behaviour as communication behaviour.

It is to differentiate communication from perception. Perception is an important part of communication, but not all perceptions involve communcation

Communication is a social rather that an individual process


3. Communication as planned behaviour

Viewing communication as planned behaviour , in essence, makes it clear that intentions are necessary element of communication process

A plan is a set of behaviours which the person believes will accomplish a purpose

Two types communication plan : verbal plans and nonverbal plans

Messages are symbolic behaviours which are shaped and energised by communication plan


4. The Transactional nature of communication

Communication involves people sending each other messages which reflect the motivation of the participants

Communication is a process of mutual influence in which participants’ motivations interact

A give and take in communication


5. The contextual nature of communication

Communication is contextual A communication context is a type of situation in which

communication occurs Communication contexts include:

interpesonal (communication between two people) Small group (communication involving several

people) Organisational (communication within and between

organisation) Public (a speaker addressing a large audience) Mass (communication which is mediated by mass

media) Intercultural (communication between people of

different cultures)


COMMUNICATION PROCESS

SENDERSelf conceptFamilyCultureSkillsFeelingsAttitudesValues

RECEIVERSelf concept

FamilyCulture

SkillsFeelingsAttitudes

Values

MESSAGE

FEEDBACK

CHANNEL

INTERFERENCE

CONTEXT


Elements of communication

1. Sender

2. Message

3. Receiver

4. Feedback

5. Channel

6. Context or setting

7. Interference or noise


SENDER

Individuals who react to situation, interpreting ideas, and filtering experiences through their own perception

The sender encodes an idea or feeling in words or signs that the receiver will recognize and transmits this message to the receiver


MESSAGE

The idea or feeling transmitted from the sender to the receiver to achieve understanding.

It makes connection between sender and receiver.


RECEIVER

The receiver decodes or interprets the message to achieve understanding.

There is a perception process.

PERCEPTION = the way people understand or give meaning to their environment. – experience, attitudes, beliefs, expectations, etc


FEEDBACK

It is a the receiver’s response to the sender’s message, can be intentional or intentional.

It gives the communication continuity It indicates understanding or

misunderstanding of the message It stimulates further communication and

discussion


CHANNEL

A communication channel is the means or technique used to signal or convey a message.

It is the vehicle for the message. It can be internal and external channel Information technology provides a fast

channel. IT is used to store, send, receive and

present information


CONTEXT

It consists of the situation, circumstances or setting within which communication takes place

It plays an important part in encoding & decoding process.


INTERFERENCE OR NOISE

The message is received is not the same as the message sent because of the noise or interference interrupts intended message.

It leads to misunderstanding and cause communication barriers.


COMMUNICATION BARRIERSCommunication barriers are caused by : Inappropriate choice of words Inappropriate channel Inappropriate message Receiver inattention Lack of courtesy by the sender/receiver Nonverbal that doesn’t support the words Different culture background Poor layout and presentation Inappropriate timing Inadequate feedback

Characteristics of Communication

Documents

Transcript of Characteristics of Communication