CLASSIFYING ORGANISMSChapter 1 Lesson 2

CLASSIFYING LIVING THINGS Aristotle (384 BC- 322 BC)

Greek Philosopher Classified based on two groups Plants and Animals Classified by the structure and size of an

organism

LINNAEUS AND CLASSIFICATION Swedish botanist and physician Classified based on similar structure He had two main groups called

kingdoms

ROBERT WHITTAKER 1969 Proposed the five kingdom system Plantae, Animalia, Fungi, Monera,

Protista

DETERMINING DOMAINS Classification system is still changing Systematics is the way scientist do it. They use the organisms:

Cell type Habitat Way it obtains energy Structure DNA structure Function of the organism

DOMAINS CONT Using systematics, scientists identified

two different major groups of bacteria Archaea- (Ar kee uh) Bacteria These two groups became two domains. The last domain is Eukarya

BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE Linnaeus developed a two name

system It is still called binomial nomenclature The two names are the genus and the

species name. Genus- a group of similar species Species- a group of similar organisms

with similar traits that can produce fertile offspring

ORGANISMS NAMES

USES OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES Several common names for one

organism Several common names for many

species- for example- bird could be cardinal or it could be chickadee

Scientific names are the same worldwide

Communication is easier because everyone uses the scientific name.

CLASSIFICATION TOOLS

Dichtomous keys Cladograms

DICHOTOMOUS KEY Is a series of descriptions arranged in

pairs that lead a person to the identification of the organism

CLADOGRAM Like a family tree A cladogram is branched diagram that

shows the relationships among organisms including common ancestors.