Ch11 1 Alcohol
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Transcript of Ch11 1 Alcohol
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Chapter 11Chapter 11
Alcohol, Tobacco and CaffeineUnacknowledged Addictions
Alcohol
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Alcohol a Dangerous Drug?
Cocaine, heroin, marijuana,Cocaine, heroin, marijuana,LSD, PCP.and others!LSD, PCP.and others!Alcohol isnt consideredAlcohol isnt consideredbecause it is sociallybecause it is sociallyexceptedexceptedCanadians consumed 7.1Canadians consumed 7.1litersliterscomparable to US,comparable to US,Australia, and less thanAustralia, and less thanEuropean countriesEuropean countries
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Alcohol a Dangerous Drug?
Can have someCan have somepositive healthpositive health
benefitsbenefitsmoderate use can bemoderate use can beenjoyableenjoyableHowever! ManyHowever! Manytragedies associatedtragedies associatedwith abuse..with abuse..
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Alcohol and University StudentsMost popular drugMost popular drugon Universityon University
campusescampuses - - 94.5%94.5%In OntarioIn Ontario - - 1/3 had1/3 hadmore than 15 drinksmore than 15 drinksper week!per week!Live in residenceLive in residencelower gradeslower grades17 and 22 years of 17 and 22 years of
ageage
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Alcohol and University Students Be aware of drinking campus culture and
tradition reduces tension celebrations social lubricant drinking games and
binge drinking
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Drinking Alcohol and theRisks!!!!!!
Exacerbates risks of Exacerbates risks of suicide, automobilesuicide, automobile
crashes and fallscrashes and falls peers / university peers / university
traditions encouragetraditions encouragedangerous practicesdangerous practices
participate in dangerous participate in dangerous behaviours.. behaviours..
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P hysiological and BehaviouralEffects of Alcohol
ethyl alcohol or ethanolethyl alcohol or ethanolFermentationFermentation - - a process toa process toproduce ethanolproduce ethanol - - 14%14%alcoholalcoholDistillationDistillation - - increasesincreasesalcohol contentalcohol contentProof Proof - - % of alcohol% of alcoholProof Proof gunpowder proof /gunpowder proof /50% alcohol > 80 proof =50% alcohol > 80 proof =
40% alcohol40% alcohol
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Behavioural Effects
N OTE: individualN OTE: individualvariation in alcoholvariation in alcoholtolerancetolerancealcohol is a depressantalcohol is a depressant - -
acts on C N S by decreasingacts on C N S by decreasingits activityits activitydepression isdepression isprogressive/continuousprogressive/continuous
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Behaviours...
Behaviours...
Alcohol has differentAlcohol has differenteffects on:effects on:
sight: visual acuitysight: visual acuityhearinghearingspeakingspeakingsmellsmell--tastetastepain receptionpain receptionmotor skillsmotor skills
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B lood Alcohol Concentration ( B AC):ratio of alcohol to total blood volume
at 0.02 % (2 parts of alcohol for every 10,000parts of blood) = relaxedgood mood
at 0.05 % = impaired -relaxation increases / some
motor impairment /talkative
at 0.08 % = impaired -euphoria / more motorimpairment
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Blood Alcohol Concentration
Blood Alcohol Concentration
at 0.10 % = intoxicated -depression / further loss of
motor skills / loss of judgement / drowsiness
larger individuals lowerB AC - greater bloodvolume
alcohol invades muscletissue to a greater extent
than fatty tissue
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Learned B ehavioural ToleranceLearned B ehavioural Tolerance
Ability to modifyAbility to modifybehaviour to appearbehaviour to appear
sobersoberAcquiredAcquiredphysiological andphysiological andpsychologicalpsychologicaltolerancetoleranceN o skills or functionsN o skills or functionsenhanced byenhanced bydrinking alcoholdrinking alcohol
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Breathalyzer and Other Tests...
B reathalyzerB reathalyzer determine BAC via exhaled
breath
UrinalysisUrinalysis - concentration of unmetabolized alcohol inurine
both used to determine levelof intoxication
B lood testsB lood tests are most accurate
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The Morning After...N EXT DAYN EXT DAY
CongenersCongeners - - forms of alcohol thatforms of alcohol thatmetabolize more slowlymetabolize more slowly - - produceproduce
toxic bytoxic by- -productsproductsdehydration fluids are in themuscles and cerebral tissueshangover mitochondrialdehydration in C N S (loss of cerebrospinal fluid) = headachesgastrointestinal irritation =
discomfort
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.. The night before
rest / solid food / painrelievers (12 hours to
recover)alcohol is a drug,therefore toleranceand withdrawaloccur
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L ong Term Effects
N ervous System:N ervous System:reduction in brain sizeand weight / left side =
language written &spoken, mathematicalskill and logicreduced intellectual
abilitybinge drinking = mostdamage
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Cardiovascular Disease:
effect on heart minimal(small amounts of
alchol) may decreasecholesterol levelsincreases blood pressureheart ratecardiac output
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Hypertension and Stroke:
moderate alcoholmoderate alcoholconsumption (red wine)consumption (red wine)= increased HDL= increased HDL
reduce hypertensionreduce hypertensionAlcohol consumption (largeAlcohol consumption (largequantity) causes:quantity) causes:
hypertensionhypertension
strokestrokenegative effects / outnegative effects / out- -weightweightgoodgood
(moderate to heavy drinkers)(moderate to heavy drinkers)
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Liver Disease:
cirrhosis = liver cells die / top tencirrhosis = liver cells die / top tencauses of deathscauses of deathseffects fat storage and transporteffects fat storage and transport
in the liver / cells stop functioningin the liver / cells stop functioningfibroses = damaged area developsfibroses = damaged area developsscar tissue / cells functionscar tissue / cells functionineffectivelyineffectively
alcoholic hepatitis = inflammationalcoholic hepatitis = inflammationof the liver / can lead to cirrhosisof the liver / can lead to cirrhosis
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Canceresophagus, stomach, mouth, tongue
and liverbreast cancer women between 34 &59 / 3 to 9 drinks/wk / 30%males 12% increase for 1 drink per
day & 123% for 2 drinks per dayfacilitates absorption of carcinogenicsubstances into sensitive tissues, i.e.tobacco
alcohol-induced immunologicsuppressionsynergistic effect with tobacco
alcohol-induced outcomes, such asmalnutrition, anemia
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Other Effects
causes indigestionand heart burn
damages mucousmembranes =stomach andintestinal irritation,absorption andchronic diarrhea
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Alcohol and PregnancyExcessive Drinking during Pregnancy / Rate of
Developmental Disabilitiesalcohol passes directly into the infant's blood stream
B AC much greater than mother
FAS - leading cause of development delays in Canada /N orth America
during 1st
trimester - organdevelopmentlast trimester - C N S development
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Foetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)Physical and Foetal B ehaviour Difficulties:
sleeping / hyperactive
learning disabilities
dyslexicgreater incidence of :
congenital heart disease
spina bifidahip dislocation
skeletal development
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Foetal Alcohol Effects (FSE) -
Infants Exposed to Prenatal AlcoholN o FAS - symptoms
effects 3/1000children
low birth weight
irritability
possible permanentmental impairment
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Alcoholism Alcohol Abuse
Interferes with work, school or socialand family relationships
violation / law i.e., drunk driving
approx. 2 in 10 Canadians / drinkingproblem resulting in physical healthproblems, financial, relationships
50% of Canadians problems withothers people who drink
loud, insulting, humiliation,
argumentative, violent
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Social impact of alcohol:motor vehicle accidents
Pedestrian accidents
Occupational accidents
Home and recreational accidents
Homicide
Rape
Marital problems
Family violence/abuse
Suicide
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Overall family patternsimportant
Genetic link notfound to date
however - alcoholism4 to 5 times greaterin alcoholic homes
Two Types Types of Alcoholics have beenidentified
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Type 1: Had at least OneParent W ho was an Alcoholic
drinking at home wasdrinking at home wasnormal and encouragednormal and encouraged
avoids novelty/harmfulavoids novelty/harmfulsituationssituations
concerned about theconcerned about thethoughts and feeling of thoughts and feeling of othersothers
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Type 2:males only / biological sons of alcoholic
fathersexperiences both violence anddrug abuse
don't seek social approval /lack inhibition
One alcoholic Parent = 52%
chance of developing a problemTwo alcoholic Parents = 71%chance of developing a problem
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Social and Cultural Factors andAlcoholism
:Social and Cultural Factors andAlcoholism:
part of traditions and culturalinteractions
may predispose people more thangenetic potential
Medication temporally escape!Stress disappointment unfulfilled expectations relationships depression
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Effects on the Family:Children have no idea of what normal family
life is like!!!!
(dysfunctional)
Victims of violence, abuse, neglect orincest
low self-esteem and depression
Adopt one of the following roles
Family Hero too good to be true
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Effects on the Family:Children have no idea of what normal
family life is like!!!!Sc apegoat - Drawsattention through
poor behavioursL ost Child passiveand withdrawn inupsetting situations
M as c ot comic relief
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Recovery#1 Assume Responsibility for Actions
InterventionIntervention planned confrontationplanned confrontation( Family and trained therapist)
Treatment Programs:Symptoms: + delirium tremens (DTs)
Long-term addicts medical treatment detoxification ( 7 to 21 days) physiologicaladdiction
psychological treatment starts ( 3 to 6 weeks)
may require more time / repeated intervention!
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Family Therapy, Individual Therapy,and Group Therapy
determine underlyingreasons for problem
develop coping mechanismsOther types of treatment
Drug Disulfiram
(Antabuse) causesextremely unpleasant sideeffects when coupled withalcohol
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Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)
private, nonprofit, self-helporganization founded in 1935
group support over 1 million
members world widelifetime problem
AA ( Al-non) has other groups to
help spouses, partners, childrenand friends
Alateen help teens deal withalcoholic parents
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RelapseSuccess varies fromIndividual toIndividual
some recover other
never recover otherspartially recover
approx. 60% relapse
pattern has to bebroken promote self-esteem and personalgrowth