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Ch. 16 World War II I. Hitlers Lightning War A. Germany Sparks a New War in Europe Non-Aggression Pact: - Nazis & Soviets agreed to split Poland - Agreed USSR could also take Finland, Lithuania, Latvia, & Estonia Blitzkrieg Lightning War Germans attacked Poland on 9/1/39 Soviet aggression 9/17/39 USSR attacked Lit., Lat., Est., Finland Finns fiercely resisted, were eventually defeated

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West Front, East Front, Africa/Mediterranean Theaters

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The Pacific Theater

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Finnish Resistance -Mobility and winter preparedness of the Finnish army led to massive Soviet losses -Soviets eventually overwhelmed Finnish defenders

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B. The Fall of France -Maginot Line French line of defense along the German Border Germans went around through Belgium - AGAIN Rescue at Dunkirk British vessels rescue 330,000+ from annihilation by the Nazi army French resistance crumbled after Dunkirk French leaders Surrendered 6/22/40

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Vichy France Germany annexed northern France, Created a puppet govt in southern France, w/ the capital In the town of Vichy Charles de Gaulle French military general who fled to Britain, set up Free French Army, fought Nazis until France Was liberated in 1944

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C. The Battle of Britain Winston Churchill British Prime Minister declared that GB would never surrender to Nazis Battle of Britain - 3-mo. Nazi air attack on Britain Royal Air Force (RAF) outnumbered by Nazi air force (Luftwaffe) but had Tech advantages: Radar new device to detect incoming planes, allowed RAF to intercept Enigma GB captured a German code machine allowing GB to intercept Nazi battle commands

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-British civilians hid in subway tunnels during the bombing raids British cities were bombed day and night -Failure to break British Resistance forced Hitler call off the invasion of Britain, turn to E. Europe

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Hitler Invades the Soviet Union: Operation Barbarossa The Nazi invasion of USSR - Stalin trusted Hitler in the Non-aggression Pact USSR was unprepared and suffered massive losses - Scorched Earth Soviets destroyed their own goods as They retreated, deprived Nazis of captured supplies

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Siege of Leningrad Hitler ordered the Nazi army to surround and annihilate the entire population of 3 million - 1million died during a siege that lasted 872 days it ranks as the most costly siege in human history - Nazis also besieged Stalingrad and Moscow

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US Aids Its Allies: President FDR -Most Americans wanted to stay out of the war -FDR knew US would be drawn in if Allies fell -Lend-Lease Act - allowed FDR to send $ and equipment -Atlantic Charter called for free trade & the right for people to choose their own govt

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Russias harsh winter helped defeat Nazi invaders Nazis Lost 500,000 troops, Russians went on the counter-offensive

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NORTH AFRICA - used as a base to invade Italy

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THE PACIFIC THEATER 1910 - Japan invaded Korea 1931 - Japan invaded Manchura, China 1937 - all-out invasion of China Hitler s Euro invasion forced Br., Fr., Neth. to recall Asian colonial troops - gave Japan opportunity to invade

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PEARL HARBOR US - only power strong enough to challenge Japan in Asia EMBARGO - US banned the sale of war materials to Japan - oil, steel, etc. 1937 - Panay incident - Japan bombed US battleship in China - apologized for mistake Dec. 7, 1941 - A date that will live in infamy.. : Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, Hawaii - destroyed most of the US Pacific Fleet

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Japanese Propaganda - Asia for Asians Japan actually treated conquered people harshly Conquered people resisted, aided US efforts in Philippines, elsewhere

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Island-hopping - US strategy to reach Japan

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US VICTORIES By Spring 1942, US was ready to fight back MIDWAY - Major US naval victory - turned the tide of the war in favor of the US