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Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science I 1 2020/07/02 分子環境学特論 I 9

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  • Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science I 1

    2020/07/02

    分子環境学特論I

    9

  • Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science I 2

    Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science I

    Division of Environmental Material Science, Graduate School of Environmental ScienceThe first semester of Fiscal 202010:30─12:00, Thursday on ZOOM

    Bunsho OhtaniInstitute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan011-706-9132 (dial-in)/011-706-9133 (facsimile)

    [email protected]://pcat.cat.hokudai.ac.jp/pcat

    https://pcat.cat.hokudai.ac.jp/cgi-bin/class/db_class_e.cgi?mode=display_me2020

  • Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science I 3

    schedule

    (1) May 7 introduction with introduction(2) May 14 mole and Avogadro constant(3) May 21 necessary and sufficient conditions/Mt. Everest(4) May 28 microwave oven/Internet(5) June 4 originality in science/fake(6) June 11 experimental notebook(7) June 18 blood type/chi-square (chi-squared) test(8) June 25 cell(9) July 2 triple crown(10) July 9 recycle(11) July 16 ecology/green-house effect(12) July 23 correlation/recognition/XXXed(13) July 30 recognition/XXXed(14) August 6 presentation of quiz(15) August 13 presentation of quiz

    (questionnaire)

  • Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science I 4

    the best question and answer

    Q Which is the best question? Answer the nickname.Q Which is the best answer? Answer the nickname.

    • Do not vote question(s) of absent student(s) and delayed arrival shown below the horizontal line!

    • In case an attendee asks multiple questions (and answers), specify the number following the nickname when voting, e.g., "Einstein (2)". Unassigned vote will be evenly divided into all multiple questions.

    https://pcat.cat.hokudai.ac.jp/cgi-bin/class/db_class_e.cgi?mode=display_me2020

  • Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science I 5

    formatPlease send email in Japanese or English within 72 hoursto: [email protected]: me2020MMDD-XXXXXXXX

    [email protected](full name)(nickname)(comments on today's lecture)(question [no need to be related to the contents of lecture])[blank line](nickname of the best question)(nickname of the best answer)(answer for question 1)(answer for question 2)(answer for question 3)・・

  • Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science I 6

    email example

    to

    subject

    (same as subject)email addressfull namenicknamecomment(s)question(blank line)

    answer 1answer 2answer 3・・

    me20200702-57388301

    me20200702-57388301

    《しまやん》《天山南路》水(H2O)30 kmol水素(H)60×6×1026個

    me20200702-57388301

  • Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science I 7

    quiz

    • nickname• quiz• expected answer/correct answer• explanation for how the quiz is beneficial for understanding chemistry

    and science• results of the internet search for the quiz

    Send email by noon of August 3, 2020• Use of texts in email, not using a Microsoft Word file attachment, is

    preferable, or• Send a Microsoft PowerPoint file (slide size "4 : 3") for slides of "quiz

    (nickname)" and "the others" by file attachment.

    subject: me20200803-XXXXXXXXaddress: [email protected]

  • Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science I 10

    today's topic = grasping in chemistry

    What is cell (denchi)? Interpret in a sense of chemistry.What kind of cell do you imagine?

    (1) storing electrical energy as chemicals and converting them into electrical energy

    (2) converting certain energy into electrical energy

    Find the hidden concept(s) !

  • Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science I 11

    energy conversion in various cells

    • primary cell: [chemical] → (electrical)

    • secondary cell (rechargeable battery): lead battery/lithium-ion battery(electrical) → [chemical] → (electrical)

    • solar cell: silicon solar cell(photo) → (electrical)

    • dye-sensitized solar cell(photo) → (chemical) → (electrical)

    • fuel cell(chemical) → (electrical)

  • Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science I 12

    today's topic = what is the goal of scientists

    triple crown

  • Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science I 13

    "triple crown" in baseball

    In Major League Baseball, a player earns the Triple Crown when he leads a league in three specific statistical categories. For batters, a player must lead the league in home runs, runs batted in (RBI), and batting average; pitchers must lead the league in wins, strikeouts, and earned run average (ERA)

    Lou Gehrig Ted Williams

  • Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science I 14

    a triple crown holder in major baseball in 2012

    Miguel Cabrera (Detroit Tigers)since 1965home runs: 44runs batted in: 139batting average: 0.330

  • Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science I 15

    Q:野球における三/四/五/六冠王

  • Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science I 16

    打者の三冠(さんかん)とは,首位打者・最多本塁打・最多打点

    三冠を同時に達成した打者を三冠王(さんかんおう・triple crown)とよぶ.英語ではTriple Crownと言う.これら以外の打撃タイトルは,

    最多盗塁・最多安打・最高出塁率がある.三冠に最多盗塁をくわえて四冠(よんかん)とする場合もある.

    投手の三冠として,最優秀防御率・最多勝利・最多奪三振

    とすることがある.さらに,これに最高勝率・最多完封勝利

    も合わせて五冠王(ごかんおう)とよぶ場合もある.

    《ウィキペディア『三冠(野球)』を一部改変・追加》

    Q:野球における三/四/五/六冠王

  • Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science I 17

    Q: 日本のプロ野球における打者の三冠王

  • Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science I 18

    1938秋 中島治康(巨人)1965 野村克也(南海)1973 王貞治(巨人)1974 王貞治(巨人)1982 落合博満(ロッテ)1984 ブーマー(阪急)1985 バース(阪神)/落合博満(ロッテ)1986 バース(阪神)/落合博満(ロッテ)2004 松中信彦(ダイエー)

    四冠王はいない(渡米前年のイチローが惜しかった・イースタンリーグでは1977年に庄司智久(巨人))・アメリカメジャーリーグでは,1967年以来打者の三冠王はでていない.

    Q: 日本のプロ野球における打者の三冠王

  • Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science I 19

    日本のプロ野球の投手の三/四/五冠王

    ほとんどが監督経験1943 藤本英雄 巨人 34 0.73 253 0.76 19 51948 中尾碩志 巨人 27 1.84 187 31954 杉下茂 中日 32 1.39 273 0.73 7 51954 宅和本司 南海 26 1.58 275 31958 金田正一 国鉄 31 1.3 311 31958 稲尾和久 西鉄 33 1.42 334 31959 杉浦忠 南海 38 1.4 336 0.91 8 51961 権藤博 中日 35 1.7 310 31961 稲尾和久 西鉄 42 1.69 353 0.75 41978 鈴木啓示 近鉄 25 2.02 178 8 41980 木田勇 日本ハム 22 2.28 225 0.73 41981 江川卓 巨人 20 2.29 221 0.77 7 51985 小松辰雄 中日 17 2.65 172 31990 野茂英雄 近鉄 18 2.91 287 0.69 41999 上原浩治 巨人 20 2.09 179 0.83 42006 斉藤和巳 ソフトバンク 18 1.75 205 0.78 5 52010 前田健太 広島 15 2.21 174 3

    Sheet1

    年氏名 シメイ所属球団勝利防御率奪三振勝率完封冠数 カンスウ

    1937春沢村栄治巨人240.811960.85775

    1938秋ヴィクトル・スタルヒン巨人191.051460.90575

    1943藤本英雄巨人340.732530.756195

    1948中尾碩志巨人271.841873

    1954杉下茂中日321.392730.72775

    1954宅和本司南海261.582753

    1958金田正一国鉄311.33113

    1958稲尾和久西鉄331.423343

    1959杉浦忠南海381.43360.90585

    1961権藤博中日351.73103

    1961稲尾和久西鉄421.693530.754

    1978鈴木啓示近鉄252.0217884

    1980木田勇日本ハム222.282250.7334

    1981江川卓巨人202.292210.76975

    1985小松辰雄中日172.651723

    1990野茂英雄近鉄182.912870.6924

    1999上原浩治巨人202.091790.8334

    2006斉藤和巳ソフトバンク181.752050.78355

    2010前田健太広島152.211743

    Sheet2

    Sheet3

  • Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science I 20

    treble in football: triple crown in soccer

    The term treble or Treble is used in association football to refer to a team winning three trophies in a single season. Honours usually considered to constitute a treble are the top-tier domestic league competition, domestic cup competitions, and continental tournaments. Trophies which consist of a single match or two-leg competition (e.g. the FA Community Shield and UEFA Super Cup) are generally not counted as part of a treble.

    International trebles (but not in a single season)France won the 1998 FIFA World Cup, the UEFA Euro 2000, and the 2001 FIFA Confederations CupBrazil won the 2002 FIFA World Cup, the 2004 Copa América, and the 2005 FIFA Confederations Cup

  • Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science I 21

    "triple crown" in science

    QWhat is "triple crown" in science?

  • Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science I 22

    "triple crown" in science

    QWhat is triple crown in science?"Name" is recorded in

    an award, e.g. Nobel Prizename of reaction or principleunitname of societies or journalsadjective

    QWho is/are "triple crown" in science?

  • Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science I 23

    "triple crown" in science

    QWhat is triple crown in science?"Name" is recorded in

    an award, e.g. Nobel Prizename of reaction or principleunitname of societies or journalsadjective

    QWho is/are "triple crown" in science?Maria Skłodowska-Curie (1867-1934), Albert Einstein (1879-1955), Michel Faraday (1791-1867), Isaac Newton (1642-1727), Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck (1858-1947)

  • Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science I 24

    "triple crown" in science

    QWhat is triple crown in science?"Name" is recorded in

    an award, e.g. Nobel Prizename of reaction or principleunitname of societies or journalsadjective

    QWho is quintuple crown in science?

  • Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science I 25

    "triple crown" in science

    QWhat is triple crown in science?"Name" is recorded in

    an award, e.g. Nobel Prize 1932 in Chemistryname of reaction or principle ... isotherm/...-Blodgett filmunit Langmuir, a unit of "exposure"name of societies or journals Langmuiradjective Langmuirian

    QWho is quintuple crown in science?Irving Langmuir (1881-1957)

  • Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science I 26

    "triple crown" in science

    QWhat is triple crown in science?"Name" is recorded in

    an award, e.g. Nobel Prize 1932 in Chemistryname of reaction or principle ... isotherm/...-Blodgett filmunit Langmuir, a unit of "exposure"name of societies or journals Langmuiradjective Langmuirian

    QWho is quintuple crown in science?Irving Langmuir (1881-1957)

  • Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science I 27

    The Solvay Conferences on Physics

    12 3 4

    5

    6 7

    28

    89

    10

    11

    1213 14 17

    16

    1920 22

    252618

    21 2324

    272915

    The 5th conference "Radiation theory and quantum" was organized by Solvay and Nernst, who was a supervisor of Langmuir. Langmuir and Lewis proposed "Octet Model" of chemical bonds.

  • Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science I 28

    The Solvay Conferences on Physics

    Lang

    mui

    r

    Pran

    ck

    Cur

    ie

    Lore

    ntz

    Eins

    tein

    Lang

    evin

    Schr

    aedi

    nger

    Paul

    i

    Hei

    senb

    erg

    Deb

    ye

    Knud

    sen

    Brag

    g

    Bohr

    Bornd

    e Br

    oglie

    Com

    pton

    Dila

    c

    The 5th conference "Radiation theory and quantum" was organized by Solvay and Nernst, who was a supervisor of Langmuir. Langmuir and Lewis proposed "Octet Model" of chemical bonds.

  • Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science I 29

    Lewis-Langmuir theory

    assuming "octet" and put electrons at the corners

    bonds are made to fill up the cornerssingle bond: ridge sharing/double bond: face sharing

  • Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science I 30

    Lewis-Langmuir theory

    Hydrogen cannot fill up all the cornersimpossible to show triple bonds

    showing electrons by dots and arrange 8 dots around an atom

  • Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science I 31

    a scientific journal, Langmuir

    published by the American Chemical Societyin the field of surface, interface and colloids (physical chemistry)

    Langmuir ranks #2 in citations out of 121 journals in the category of Physical Chemistry with 84,792 total citations. The journal received an ISI Impact Factor of 3.898, and published 2,000 articles in 2009*.

  • Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science I 32

    Langmuir-Blodgett films

    developing molecules having hydrophilic and hydrophobic partshydrophilic part facing to water/interaction among hydrophobic parts

  • Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science I 33

    going out of a light bulb

    General Electric (GE), founded by Thomas Edison, developed and manufactured light bulbs with tungsten filaments.

    Tungsten is less volatile due to its high melting point (3407 deg C) and shows high electric resistivity; a good material for filaments.

    "Impurity" in a bulb leads to going out.

    QWhy light bulbs with a tungsten filament goes out?What is the impurity?

  • Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science I 34

    going out of a light bulb

    General Electric (GE), founded by Thomas Edison, developed and manufactured light bulbs with tungsten filaments.

    Tungsten is less volatile due to its high melting point (3407 deg C) and shows high electric resistivity.

    "Impurity" in a bulb leads to going out

    Afilament becoming thin due to "Langmuir cycle"

  • Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science I 35

    Langmuir cycle

    • Water, impurity, is adsorbed on tungsten surface and leads to formation of tungsten oxide (low melting point) and hydrogen.

    • Volatilization of tungsten oxide to be deposited on an inner glass face.• Reaction of tungsten oxide with hydrogen produces water leaving

    tungsten on the glass surface.

    W

    H2O

    WO3

    H2 WO3

    W

  • Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science I 36

    contribution of Langmuir

    research work in GEHe found that adsorption of water should be avoided and that filling up

    inert gas, e.g., argon is effective.considered correlations between pressure of gas and amount of

    adsorption, leading to "Langmuir isotherm"

    Langmuir's theory on adsorption• applicable to almost all adsorptions, especially those occurring in liquid

    phase• can be derived theoretically• often combined with kinetic equation for catalytic (photocatalytic)

    reactions

  • Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science I 37

    three assumptions for derivation of Langmuir eq.

    • All the adsorption sites are same in quality, i.e., strength of capturing an adsorbate is constant

    • Only one adsorbate is adsorbed by one site.

    • There is no interaction between sites, i.e., adsorption not influenced by adsorption of neighboring sites

    des.

    ads.

    des.

    ads.VVOOO V

  • Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science I 38

    adsorption equilibrium

    adsorption equilibrium:same rates of adsorption and desorption

    Adsorption rate depends on (1) concentration in bulk and (2) number (density) of vacant sites (V)Desorption rate depends on number (density) of occupied sites (O).

    des.

    ads.

    des.

    ads.VVOOO V

  • Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science I 39

    today's topic = what is the goal of scientists

    triple crown

    (1) simple and easily understandable(2) open for everybody

    XXX'ed!!!(○○○た!)

  • Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science I 40

    formatPlease send email in Japanese or English within 72 hoursto: [email protected]: me2020MMDD-XXXXXXXX

    [email protected](full name)(nickname)(comments on today's lecture)(question [no need to be related to the contents of lecture])[blank line](nickname of the best question)(nickname of the best answer)(answer for question 1)(answer for question 2)(answer for question 3)・・

  • Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science I 41

    email example

    to

    subject

    (same as subject)email addressfull namenicknamecomment(s)question(blank line)

    answer 1answer 2answer 3・・

    me20200702-57388301

    me20200702-57388301

    《しまやん》《天山南路》水(H2O)30 kmol水素(H)60×6×1026個

    me20200702-57388301

    2020/07/02Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science I schedulethe best question and answerformatemail examplequizスライド番号 8スライド番号 9today's topic = grasping in chemistryenergy conversion in various cellstoday's topic = what is the goal of scientists"triple crown" in baseballa triple crown holder in major baseball in 2012Q:野球における三/四/五/六冠王Q:野球における三/四/五/六冠王Q: 日本のプロ野球における打者の三冠王Q: 日本のプロ野球における打者の三冠王日本のプロ野球の投手の三/四/五冠王treble in football: triple crown in soccer"triple crown" in science"triple crown" in science"triple crown" in science"triple crown" in science"triple crown" in science"triple crown" in scienceThe Solvay Conferences on PhysicsThe Solvay Conferences on PhysicsLewis-Langmuir theoryLewis-Langmuir theorya scientific journal, LangmuirLangmuir-Blodgett filmsgoing out of a light bulbgoing out of a light bulbLangmuir cyclecontribution of Langmuirthree assumptions for derivation of Langmuir eq.adsorption equilibriumtoday's topic = what is the goal of scientistsformatemail example