CELERON Processor

8/14/2019 CELERON Processor

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INTRODUCTION

With an advanced microarchitecture and core frequency of 2.0 GHz and 2.5 GHz,the Intel Celeron processor is ideal for scalable Intel performance embeddedcomputing, including communications, transaction terminal and industrialautomation applications. While incorporating new features and improvements, itremains software compatible with previous members of the Intel microprocessorfamily.

Intel Celeron M processors on 90nm process technology are available in bothstandard and ultra-low-voltage versions, providing a range of performance, valueand power options for a variety of thermally sensitive embedded andcommunications applications.

These processors offer ideal solutions for small-to-medium business andenterprise communications applications, storage appliances, and embeddeddevices like point-of-sale kiosks and ATMs. In addition, they are software-compatible with previous members of the Intel microprocessor family.

The new Intel Celeron processor delivers a balanced level of proventechnology and exceptional value for desktop PCs. Based on a new energy-efficient microarchitecture, this Celeron processor enables smaller, quieter, and

more capable desktop PCs. .


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A BRIEF CELERON HISTORY

The original Celerons were economy versions of the Intel Pentium II processor.Intel figured that by taking a Pentium II and deleting the separate L2 cache chipsmounted inside the processor cartridge (and also deleting the cosmetic cover), itcould create a "new" processor that was basically just a slower version of thePentium II. As such, the first 266MHz and 300MHz Celeron models didn't includeany L2 cache. Unfortunately, this proved to have far too great a crippling effecton performance, so starting with the 300A versions, the Celeron received 128KBof on-die full-speed L2 cache, which was actually faster and more advanced thanthe 512KB of half-speed cache used in the Pentium II it was based on! In fact,the Celeron was the first PC processor to receive on-die L2 cache. It wasn't untilthe Coppermine version of the Pentium III appeared that on-die L2 cache

migrated to Intel's main processors.

The earliest Celerons from 266MHz up through 400MHz were produced in aSEPP design that physically looked like a circuit board and that was designed tofit into Slot 1. This is the same slot the Pentium II used, meaning the CeleronSEPP plugged into any Pentium II Slot-1 motherboard. As the Celeron continuedto develop, the form factor was changed to correspond with changes in thePentium II-, III-, and 4-class processors from which it was adapted. Starting withthe 300A processor (300MHz Celeron with 128KB of on-die Level 2 cache),Celerons were produced in a PPGA package using the Socket 370 interface.This socket, with differences in voltage, was later used for most versions of the

Pentium III. Celerons using Socket 370 range in speed from 300MHz all the wayup to 1.4GHz. Along the way, the packaging changed from PPGA to FC-PGAand FC-PGA2. The latter added a metal heat spreader on top of the die offeringbetter protection for the fragile die.

Celeron processors based on the Pentium 4 are produced in one of two packagedesigns. Some use the FC-PGA2 package that fits into the same Socket 478used by most Pentium 4 processors. However, the Celeron D is available in boththe Socket 478 package and Socket T (LGA775) package used by the Prescottcore version of the Pentium 4. The Celeron was never produced in the short-livedSocket 423 form factor the original Pentium 4 processors used.

As this very brief history shows, the name Celeron has never meant anythingmore specific than a reduced-performance version of Intel's current mainstreamprocessor. Before you can decide whether a particular Celeron processor is asuitable choice, you need to know what its features are and especially on whichprocessor it is based. At least eight discrete variations of the Celeron processorexist.


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ABOUT CELERON

Highlights of the Celeron include the following:

Available at 300MHz (300A) and higher core frequencies with 128KB on-die L2 cache; 300MHz and 266MHz core frequencies without L2 cache

L2 cache supports up to 4GB RAM address range and ECC

Uses same P6 core processor as the Pentium II (266MHz through533MHz), the Pentium III (533A MHz and higher), and the Pentium 4(1.7GHz and higher)

Dynamic execution microarchitecture

Operates on a 66MHz, 100MHz, 400MHz, or 533MHz CPU busdepending on the version

Specifically designed for lower-cost value PC systems

Includes MMX technology; Celeron 533A and higher include SSE; Celeron1.7GHz and higher include SSE2; Celeron D models include SSE3

More cost-effective packaging technology, including SEP, PPGA, and FC-

PGA or FC-PGA2 packages

Integrated L1 and L2 cache on most models, with amount and typedepending on the version; typically, the Celeron has half the L2 cache ofthe processor core it is patterned after

Integrated thermal diode for temperature monitoring


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INTEL CELERON PROCESSOR FAMILY

Intel Celeron family is a line of budget x86 processors based on Pentium designs.Originally based on Intel Pentium II architecture, the Celeron processorsmigrated over time to Pentium III and Pentium 4 architectures. Priced lower thantheir Pentium(like dual processing or multiprocessing). The Celerons are also slower thansimilar-clocked Pentiums due to smaller L2 cache size and sometimes slowerbus speed. Celeron CPUs are usually packaged the same way as Pentium II/III/4processors and can be used in motherboards designed for Pentium II/III/4processors.

Desktop Celeron (SEPP)

Intel Celeron 266266 MHz

No L2 cacheSingle Edge Processor package (slot 1)

Celeron 266 based on Covington core was the first processor from Celeronseries. While this processor had poor performance due to lack of L2 cache, it

was very popular because with its low price and very high overclockability theCPU had very good price/performance ratio. Many Celerons 266 could be easilyoverclocked to 400 MHz by changing bus frequency from 66 MHz to 100 MHz.Even if the microprocessor wasn't running stable at 400 MHz, it was still possibleto run it at 333 MHz by changing bus frequency to 83 MHz.


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Desktop Celeron (PPGA)

Intel Celeron 366 - FV80524RX366128 (FV524RX366 128)

All Intel Celeron processors in PPGA package were based on Mendocino core.Mendocino was the first Intel x86 core that integrated level 2 cache with the core(Pentium Pro had level 2 cache on a separate die, and Pentium II processorsused external cache chips).

The core had only 128 KB of level 2cache, but smaller cache size was

partially compensated by faster cachespeed - it was running twice as fast asthe Pentium II level 2 cache. TheMendocino core didn't require externalcache chips, therefore it could fit onsmaller and cheaper Plastic Pin GridArray (PPGA) package. To work with theCeleron PPGA package Intel designednew 370-pin socket - socket 370, orPGA370.

Coppermine Desktop Celeron (370-pin FCPGA)

Intel Celeron 950 - RB80526RY950128 (BX80526F950128)

Second generation of socket 370-compatible Celeron processors was based onCoppermine core. Like the Mendocino core, the Coppermine core had level 2cache integrated on the die. The size of level 2 cache didn't change from olderPPGA Celerons - it was 128 KB, or half the size of L2 cache of Pentium III

Coppermine processors. The cache itself was improved - it featured 256-bit widepath to the cache and had lower latency than the cache of PPGA processors.Another enhancement in Coppermine Celerons was addition of SSE instructions,which could significantly boost processor performance in SSE-enabledapplications. Core voltage of the Coppermine processors was reduced from 2.0Volt to 1.5 - 1.75 Volt, which resulted in lower power consumption and coolerrunning processors.


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New package type of these Celerons,with processor die exposed on the topof the chip, also allowed betterprocessor cooling. CoppermineCeleron microprocessors requiredrevised socket 370 - this socket wasmechanically, but not electricallycompatible with PPGA Socket 370,which made all Copermine CPUsincompatible with many old Socket 370motherboards.

Tualatin Desktop Celeron (370-pin FCPGA2)

Intel Celeron 1400 - RK80530RY017256 (BX80530F1400256)

The last generation of socket 370 Celeron processors featured Tualatin core with256 KB level 2 cache, often called as Tualatin-256. Having twice as much cacheas Coppermine Celerons, these microprocessors performed as fast as PentiumIII Copermine processors running at the same Front Side Bus frequency (100MHz). Besides larger level 2 cache, the Celerons also had lower core voltage

and power consumption.

The package of these processorswas modified. It still used Flip-Chippackaging technology, where theprocessor die was mounted upsidedown on the top of the plasticpackage, but on Tualatin Celeronsthe die was covered by integratedheatsink. Like the Pentium IIITualatin CPUs, the Celerons used

new bus interface, and, though theCelerons could fit into older socket370 motherboards, the processorscouldn't work in them. It was stillpossible to use special Tualatinsocket 370 adapters to run TualatinCeleron processors in oldmotherboards.


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Desktop Celeron Willamette

Intel Celeron 1600 - RK80531RC025128

Intel Celeron Willamette processors were the first Celerons based on NetBurstmicro-architecture. Willamette Celeron CPUs featured 400 MHz Front-Side Bus,long 20-stage pipeline, SSE2 instructions and enhanced branch prediction.

These Celeron processors wereproduced using 0.18 micron technologyand had the same voltage as Pentium

4 Willamette processors. Level 2 cachesize on the Celeron microprocessorswas twice smaller than on Pentium 4,which resulted in about 10% lowerperformance of Celeron processors.Smaller L2 cache was the onlydifference of these CPUs from Pentium4 processors with the same core.

Desktop Celeron Northwood

Intel Celeron 2100 - RK80532RC045128 (BX80532RC2100B)

The next generation of Celeron-branded microprocessors was based on Pentium4 Northwood core. These Celerons were produced on 0.13 micron technology,and had almost the same microarchitecture as Pentium 4 Northwoodmicroprocessors with a few exceptions. Even though the size of L2 cache wasdoubled on Pentium 4 Northwood processors, Northwood Celerons had thesame 128 KB L2 cache as their predecessors - Willamette Celeron. Front Side

Bus frequency of Celeron processors was also unchanged. Celeronmicroprocessors didn't include Hyper-Threading technology that was present onall Pentium 4 Northwood CPUs with 800 MHz FSB. On a plus side, theNorthwood Celerons had lower core voltage than their Willamette processors, asa result Northwood processors ran cooler. The Celeron CPUs were packaged in478-pin FC-PGA2 package with integrated heatsink, and required socket 478motherboards.


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Desktop Celeron Conroe-L

Celeron 400 series family was the first family of low-cost desktop CPUs based onCore micro-architecture. The 400 series processors include basic features of theCore microarchitecture - 64-bit processing, Execute Disable bit, enhancedbranch prediction, support for SSE3 and Supplemental SSE3, quad-pumpedFront-side Bus, and others. As usual for all budget processors, these Celeronsdo not include as many features, or have inferior features as compared todesktop high-performance CPUs. The Celeron 400 series include only singleCPU core, small 512 KB level 2 cache, and they do not have EnhancedSpeedStep technology.

Mobile Celeron Mendocino

Intel Mobile Celeron 433 - KC80524KX433128

Mobile Celeron microprocessors with Mendocino core share many features withdesktop Mendocino CPUs. All Mendocino Celerons are based on P6 micro-architecture, have 32 KB level 1 cache, integrate 128 KB level 2 cache running atthe CPU speed, and, like almost all others P6 CPUs, support MMX instructions.

Mobile Celerons have much lower

power consumption than desktopMendocino processors partly due tolower core voltage and partly due to twonew power-saving modes - Quick Startand Deep Sleep. The MobileMendocino CPUs are packaged into615-pin micro-PGA or 615-ball BGApackages - these packages are muchsmaller than 370-pin PPGA package ofdesktop microprocessors.

Mobile Celeron Module

Intel Mobile Celeron 400 MMC-1 -PMH40001001ES

400 MHz128 KB L2 cacheMMC-1 package


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Mobile Celeron Coppermine

Intel Mobile Celeron 750KP80526NY750128(BXM80526B750128)

750 MHz128 KB L2 cache495-pin micro-PGA2

Mobile Celeron Coppermine-T

Mobile Coppermine-T microprocessors combine features from two differentCeleron cores: Coppermine and Tutalatin. Like Coppermine processors, theCoppermine-T CPUs are manufactured using 0.18 micron technology, have thesame size and of L1 and L2 caches, similar CPU features, and approximately thesame core voltage and power consumption. Unlike the Coppermine core, theCoppermine-T core uses newer low-power AGTL system bus, and can work inmotherboards designed for Tualatin processors. Bus frequency of Coppermine-T

Celerons was increased from 100 MHz to 133 MHz, and two low-power modes -Stop Grant and Sleep - were removed. The Coppermine-T processors werepackaged in 478-pin micro-FCPGA and 479-ball micro-FCBGA packages, that isthe same packages as mobile Tualation CPUs.

Mobile Celeron Northwood

Intel Mobile Celeron 2 GHz -RH80532NC041256

2 GHz400 MHz FSB256 KB L2 cache478-pin micro-FCPGA


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LIST OF FUTURE INTEL CELERON MICROPROCESSORS

The Celeron is a family of microprocessors from Intel targeted at the low-endconsumer market. CPUs in the Celeron brand have used designs from sixth- toeight-generation CPU microarchitectures.

Dual-Core Desktop processors

Celeron

"Allendale" (standard-voltage, 65 nm)

Based on Intel Core microarchitecture All models support: MMX, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSSE3, Intel 64 (Intel's x86-

64 implementation), XD bit (an NX bit implementation) Stepping: M0 Die size: 107 mm

Dual-Core Mobile processors

Celeron

"Penryn" (low-voltage, 45 nm)

Based on Intel Core microarchitecture All models support: MMX, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSSE3, Intel 64 (Intel's x86-

64 implementation), XD bit (an NX bit implementation) Package size: 22mm squared Stepping: M0 Die size: TBA


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CONCLUTION

The Celeron was introduced in response to Intel's loss of the low-end market, inparticular to Cyrix's 6x86, AMD's K6, and IDT Winchip. Intel's existing low-endproduct, the Pentium MMX, was no longer performance competitive at 233 MHz.Although a faster Pentium MMX would have been a lower-risk strategy, theindustry standard Socket 7 platform hosted a market of competitor CPUs whichcould be drop-in replacements for the Pentium MMX. Instead, Intel pursued abudget part that was pin-compatible with their high-end Pentium II product, usingthe Pentium II's (Slot 1) interface. The Celeron was used in many low endmachines and, in some ways, became the standard for non gaming computers .

Systems based on the Celeron processor are ideal for day-to-day computing,whether in the home, classroom, or office. The Execute Disable Bit, a built-insecurity feature, helps protect your programs and files from viruses, worms, andother malicious attacks. The Celeron processor also includes Intel 64architecture, so you can access larger amounts of memory when used withappropriate 64-bit supporting hardware and software. A faster Front Side Busaccelerates access between the processor core and your data for an enhancedcomputing experience.


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REFERENCES

1. Schmid, Patrick (2002-10-16). "The New Generation Is Here: Celeron 2.0 GHz,with 0.13 m", Tom's Hardware Guide. Retrieved on 2007-07-30.

2.Walker, Seth (1998-08-24). "New Intel Pentium II and Celeron ProcessorsComplete 1998 Desktop Processor Line-up", Business Wire. Retrieved on 2007-07-17.

3. Pabst, Thomas (1998-04-16). "CPU Performance from Socket 7 to Slot 1",

Tom's Hardware Guide. Retrieved on 2007-07-30.

4. Slater, Michael (1998-05-27). "Microprocessors have PCs humming", EETimes. Retrieved on 2007-07-30.

5. Zisman, Alex (June 1998). "Say No to Celeron". Canadian ComputerWholesaler. Retrieved on 2007-07-30.

6. Pabst, Thomas (1998-08-24). "Big CPU Shoot Out: Intel Launches NewCeleron with Mendocino Core and Pentium II 450", Tom's Hardware Guide.Retrieved on 2007-07-30.

7. Joch, Alan (2001-04-30). "Buses: Front-side and backside", ITworld.com.Retrieved on 2007-07-30.

8 .Hachman, Mark (2000-03-29). "Intel launches Celerons with SIMD instruction-set extensions", My-ESM. Retrieved on 2007-07-31.

9 .Lal Shimpi, Anand (2001-01-03). "Intel Celeron 800: The first 100 MHz FSBCeleron", AnandTech. Retrieved on 2007-07-30.

10. Sigvartsen, Ana (2001-10-02). "Intel's Celeron reaches 1.2 GHz",

Infosatellite.com. Retrieved on

CELERON Processor

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