Ccna Masterit Lab
-
Upload
kohlerbkqn -
Category
Documents
-
view
48 -
download
2
description
Transcript of Ccna Masterit Lab
Cp v cc thit b Cisco
PAGE 3
MC LCPhn 1 TNG QUAN
OSI MODEL2CABLE
3LNH CISCO CN BN8CISCO DISCOVERY PROTOCOL21TELNET
26CRACK PASSWORD30BACKUP V RESTORE35Phn 2 NH TUYN
STATIC ROUTE40DYNAMIC ROUTING PROTOCOL RIP48DYNAMIC ROUTING PROTOCOL IGRP53DYNAMIC ROUTING PROTOCOL EIGRP60DYNAMIC ROUTING PROTOCOL OSPF69Phn 3 ACCESS-LIST
STANDARD IP ACCESS-LIST75EXTENDED IP ACCESS-LIST80Phn 4 NAT
84NAT OverloadDynamic NAT
Static NAT
Phn 5 WANPPP
90FRAME-RELAY95ISDNPhn 6 - SWITCH
SWITCH (BASIC CONFIGURE)VLANOSI MODEL:OSI Model l mt s chun ha cho nhng chc nng Network. Lm cho tnh phc tp ca network tr nn n gin hn, cho php cc nh pht trin modul ha vic thit k. Phng php ny cho php nhiu nh pht trin lm vic c lp nhau to ra nhng chc nng ring bit m vn c th ha hp thnh mt th thng nht mt cch d dng (plug-and-play).
M hnh OSI
ApplicationGiao din ngi dngTelnet
HTTP
PresentationChun ha d liuASCII
JPEG
SessionThit lp, qun l v kt thc cc phin giao dch gia cc ng dng.Operating systems
Scheduling
TransportCung cp vic vn ti m bo v khng m boTCP
UDP
SPX
NetworkCung cp vic nh a ch lun l nh tuyn cc gi d liuIP
IPX
DatalinkTo frames t cc bits ca d liu
Dng a ch MAC
Detect li, nhng khng sa li802.2
802.3
HDLC
PhysicalTn hiu s, xung in truyn ra connectors, cableEIA/TIA
V.35
Protocol Data Unit (PDU) c s dng giao tip gia cc lpEncapsulation l phng php thm header (phn u) v trailer (phn ui) khi data di chuyn qua mi lp. Pha thit b nhn, s tin hnh g tng header ra khi qua mi lp (De-encapsulation)
Tm lc M hnh OSI:
OSI Model c 7 lp, c chia lm 2 phn Application (5,6,7) v Data flow (1,2,34)
Encapsulation l qu trnh ng gi: d liu khi dch chuyn qua cc lp s c thm header v trailers
Pha thit b nhn, s tin hnh de-encapstulation.
Collision domain:1444
Broadcast domain:1114
CABLE:1. Cp xon 4 i:L cp thng tin chun STP/UTP Cat-5, gm c 8 si xon vi nhau thnh tng i mt theo m mu: Cam-Trng v Cam; Lc-Trng v Lc; Dng-Trng v Dng; Nu-Trng v Nu. Hai u cp ni vi Jack cm RJ-45.
Ty theo chun mu ca 2 u Jack RJ-45 m ta phn bit thnh cc loi sau:
STTiMu scChc nngSTTiMu scChc nng
13Trng LPht13Trng CamPht
23LPht23CamPht
32Trng CamThu32Trng LThu
41DngCha dng41DngCha dng
51Trng DngCha dng51Trng DngCha dng
62CamThu62LThu
74Trng NuCha dng74Trng NuCha dng
84NuCha dng84NuCha dng
Cp thng (Straight-Through Cable):Hai u s dng chun T568B (hoc T568A). S ni dy cp thng nh sau:
Cp cho (Crossover Cable):C mt u s dng chun T568A, mt u s dng chun T568B. S ni dy cp cho nh sau:
Trng hp s dng
Cc thit b mng c chia lm hai nhm:
Nhm 1: Hub, Switch
Nhm 2: Cc thit b cn li (Router, Computer, )
Khi u ni hai thit b cng nhm: dng cp cho (crossover)
Khi u ni hai thit b khc nhm: dng cp thng (straight-through)
i vi Switchs:
2. Cp Serial:L cp thng tin (data cable) c 2 u ni vi jack cm DB-60, mt u ni vi thit b DCE, u cn li ni vi thit b DTE. S dng: Ni 2 cng Serial ca 2 Router, hoc cng serial Router vi tng i s, Frame-Relay
3. Cp console:
hay cn gi l cp Roll: Rolled-over CableS ni dy cp Console nh sau:
Cp console c th c
bm li theo s sau:
1 8
2 7
3 6
4 5
5 4
6 3
7 2
2 1
Lm quen vi ch dng lnh (CLI) v mt s lnh ca router CiscoHng dn
1. Ni cp
m bo an ton thit b trong khi thc hnh, cn phi tt hon ton ngun in cc thit b trong khi ni cp. Dng cp Console ni cng COM1 ca my PC (dng Terminal chuyn i t DB-9 sang RJ45) vi cng Console ca Router.
Kim tra li dy v jack cm m bo ni chc chn.2. ng nhp vo router
Khi ng Windows, vo HyperTerminal Start Programs Accessories Communicatons Hyper Terminal t tn v cc thng s nh hnh Name: Icon: chn biu tng ty thch Connect using: COM1
y l dng c bn nht c th thng qua mt my tnh cu hnh cc thit b cisco. Nhng cch thc ny rt b ng, v mt my tnh ch cu hnh c mt router.
Trong thc t phng LAB, ta thng u ni theo s sau, cu hnh cc router thng qua Terminal Server.
Terminal Server cung cp truy cp out-of-band, ngha l c th s dng telnet truy cp router thng qua cng console hay cng aux. Termial server l router c cc Asynchronous port ni trc tip vi console port ca cc thit b router, switch.
LNH CISCO CN BN:Giao din terminal khi va khi ng router
Would you like to terminate autoinstall? [yes]:
Press RETURN to get started!00:01:01: %IP-5-WEBINST_KILL: Terminating DNS process
00:01:07: %SYS-5-RESTART: System restarted --
Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software
IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-I-L), Version 12.1(1)T, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
Copyright (c) 1986-2000 by cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Thu 16-Mar-00 16:10 by ccai
00:01:07: %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Ethernet0, changed state to administratively down
00:01:07: %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial1, changed state to administratively down
00:01:08: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Ethernet0, changed state to down
00:01:08: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial1, changed state to down
Router>
Bm ? ti Router>? xem tr gip ti mode ny c bao nhiu lnh tt c
Router>?Exec commands:
access-enable Create a temporary Access-List entry
access-profile Apply user-profile to interface
clear Reset functions
connect Open a terminal connection
disable Turn off privileged commands
disconnect Disconnect an existing network connection
enable Turn on privileged commands
exit Exit from the EXEC
help Description of the interactive help system
lock Lock the terminal
login Log in as a particular user
logout Exit from the EXEC
mrinfo Request neighbor and version information from a multicast
router
mstat Show statistics after multiple multicast traceroutes
mtrace Trace reverse multicast path from destination to source
name-connection Name an existing network connection
pad Open a X.29 PAD connection
ping Send echo messages
ppp Start IETF Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
resume Resume an active network connection
--More--
Vo Priviledge mode:Router>enableRouter#
quay li user mode bng lnh disable Router>enable
Router#
Router#disableRouter>
thot hn tr ra khi ch dng lnhRouter con0 is now available
Press RETURN to get started.
Router>enable
Router#logout
Router con0 is now available
Press RETURN to get started.
Lnh gip (?) rt hu dng, bn c th dng trong bt k ch no, Router s a ra cc lnh c php s dng v ngha ca lnh . V d mun nh lnh enable ti user mode vo Priviledge mode, nhng bn li qun, khng nh r lnh enable phi nh nh th no, bn ch cn nh e?Router>e?enable exit
Router lit k cho bit, ngay ti mode ny c 2 lnh bt u bng ch e l lnh enable v lnh exit.
By gi, bn nh vo:
Router>en?enable
Router lit k cho bit ch c 1 lnh ti mode ny l lnh enable, do vy ta c th nh tt lnh enable = en cng c.
Router>enRouter#
Nh vy, du hi c t lin k vo lnh (khng c khong trng) s cho ta bit nhng lnh no c trong mode ny bt u bng nhng ch trc?
Ti priviledg mode, v d bn mun xem tip cc phn ca lnh show, bn g:Router#show ?
access-expression List access expression
access-lists List access lists
accounting Accounting data for active sessions
adjacency Adjacent nodes
aliases Display alias commands
arp ARP table
async Information on terminal lines used as router
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. cops COPS information
debugging State of each debugging option
--More
traffic-shape traffic rate shaping configuration
users Display information about terminal lines
version System hardware and software status vtemplate Virtual Template interface information
whoami Info on current tty line
x25 X.25 information
x29 X.29 information
router lit k cho ta thy tt c nhng sub-comand i theo sau lnh show, ti y bn lu c sub-command l version, dng xem tnh trng ca hardware v software
Router#s?*s=show send set setup show
slip start-chat systat
//c 4 lnh bt u bng ch s, nhng lnh show c u tin (c du * ng trc lnh show), tc l ch cn nh vo l s, th router vn t hiu l ta ang cn nh lnh show. Nhng thng thng ta nh tt l sh.
Router#sh
Router#show v?version vtemplate
// c 2 lnh sub-command
Router#show ve?
version
Router#show ve
Router#show version
Router#sh ver
Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software
IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-I-L), Version 12.1(1)T, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
Copyright (c) 1986-2000 by cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Thu 16-Mar-00 16:10 by ccai
Image text-base: 0x0303F64C, data-base: 0x00001000
ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 11.0(10c), SOFTWARE
BOOTFLASH: 3000 Bootstrap Software (IGS-BOOT-R), Version 11.0(10c), RELEASE SOFT
WARE (fc1)
Router uptime is 55 minutes
System returned to ROM by reload
System image file is "flash:R1_Flash_New"
cisco 2511 (68030) processor (revision M) with 2048K/2048K bytes of memory.
Processor board ID 20475723, with hardware revision 00000000
Bridging software.
X.25 software, Version 3.0.0.
1 Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s)
2 Serial network interface(s)
16 terminal line(s)
32K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory.
8192K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY)
--More
Configuration register is 0x2102
Router#
Vo ch Global-configuration-mode, dng lnh configuration terminalRourter#config terminal //c th nh tt l: conf t
Router(config)#
t tn cho router l R1
Router(config)#hostname R1
R1(config)#
t banner cho Router:
R1(config)#banner motd & chao mung cac ban den voi CCNA tai NHAT NGHE &
R1(config)#end
R1#logout
Sau khi lm xong banner th bn logout ri vo li router s thy banner mi khi kt ni vo routerCc lnh t thng s cho line console:
R1>en
R1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
r1(config)#line console 0
r1(config-line)#loggin sync //dng t ng xung hng
r1(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0 //dng t thi gian timeout
r1(config-line)#end
R1#
Sau khi lm xong lnh loggin sync th trn mn hnh console khng cn hin tng b mt con tr. Lnh exec-timeout X Y c hai tham s X l pht, Y l giy. Dng t thi gian t kha router nu khng g phm no bt k. Vi thi gian 0 0 c ngha l khng bao gi timeout. (Ch nn p dng trn thit b phng LAB) vo mode interface:R1>en
R1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#interface ethernet 0 //lnh tt int e0
R1(config-if)#exit
t a ch IP cho interface ethernet 0
R1(config)#interface ethernet 0
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.151 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown // up int e0 ln.
R1(config-if)#end
t description cho interface:
R1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#int e0
R1(config-if)#description day la int noi vao mang lan
R1(config-if)#end
R1#sh int e0
Sau khi lm xong lnh description cho int e0, bn dng lnh sh int e0 kim tra kt qu.R1#sh int e0
Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is Lance, address is 0010.7be8.5847 (bia 0010.7be8.5847)
Description: day la int noi vao mang lan
Internet address is 192.168.2.151/24
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 10000 Kbit, DLY 1000 usec,
reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set
Keepalive set (10 sec)
ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00
Last input 00:00:01, output 00:00:09, output hang never
Lnh Sh ip int brief dng kim tra tt c cc ip address ca cc interface trn router.r1#sh ip int brief
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
Ethernet0 192.168.2.151 YES NVRAM up up
Serial0 unassigned YES NVRAM administratively down down
Serial1 unassigned YES NVRAM administratively down down
PASSWORD:Thng thng c 5 loi password bo mt cho mt router Cisco.1.Hai loi password u tin l enable password, s dng vo ch priviledge mode, password ny s yu cu bn nhp vo khi nh lnh enable t user mode vo privilegde mode.
2.Ba loi cn li t password cho cc ch cho user mode khi truy cp qua cng console, cng Aux, hay Telnet( IOS password c phn bit ch hoa hay ch thng (case sensitive), v khng qu 25 k t. Cc k t ny c th l ch hoa, ch thng, con s, cc du chm cu v khong cch; tuy nhin k t u tin khng c l khong cch.Password truy cp vo Priviledge Mode:
Password dng khng m ha khi lu tr (clear-text), Password secrect l password khi lu tr s c m ho dng MD5 theo mc nh, ta c th kim li bng lnh show run.
Nu va tn ti password enable password v enable secrect th enable password khng c tc dng.
R1#conf t
R1(config)#enable password 456R1(config)#enalbe secrect 789
R1(config)#end
R1#show run
Building configuration...
Current configuration:
!
version 12.1
service timestamps debug uptime
service timestamps log uptime
no service password-encryption
!
hostname R1!
enable secret 5 $1$nsVj$eErWsNTNwP.jmJckAv8qE. //789 c m haenable password 456 //456 vn gi nguyn !
!
!
!
!
ip subnet-zero
!
!
!
!
interface Ethernet0
--More--
Password truy cp vo User Mode:
t password cho user mode bng lnh line, xem xt cc thng s theo sau bng cch nh du ? sau lnh line.R1(config)#line ?
First Line number
aux Auxiliary line
console Primary terminal line
tty Terminal controller
vty Virtual terminal
Aux t password cho cng aux, thng dng khi cu hnh cho modem gn router, quay s vo cu hnh router.
Console t password trc khi vo user mode
vty t password telnet vo router. Nu khng t password, khng th thc hin telnet vo router. t password user mode, cn xc nh line mun cu hnh v dng lnh login cho router bit a ra thng bo chng thc i hi nhp password.Cu lnh login rt quan trng, nu khng c router s khng thng bo i hi chng thc.
1. t password aux trn router: vo global config mode nh lnh line aux 0. Ch rng ch c chn s 0 v ch c mt port aux.R1(config)#line aux 0
R1(config-line)#login
R1(config-line)#password passaux
2. t console password trn router: dng lnh line console 0R1(config)#line console 0
R1(config-line)#login
R1(config-line)#password 123
3. t password telnet: dng lnh line vty 0 4
R1(config)#line vty 0 4
R1(config)#login
R1(config)#password telnet
4. Kim tra la tt c bng lnh: show running-configR1(config)#^Z
R1#show run
Current configuration:
!
version 12.1
service timestamps debug uptime
service timestamps log uptime
no service password-encryption
!
hostname R1!
enable secret 5 $1$nsVj$eErWsNTNwP.jmJckAv8qE.
enable password 456
!
!
!
!
!
ip subnet-zero
!
!
!
!
interface Ethernet0
--More
no ip address
shutdown
!
interface Serial0
no ip address
shutdown
no fair-queue
!
interface Serial1
no ip address
shutdown
!
ip classless
no ip http server
!
!
line con 0
password 123
login
transport input none
line 1 16
line aux 0
password passaux
--More
CC LNH DNG LU TR CU HNH CA ROUTER:R1#Write
R1#Copy running startup
Hai lnh trn dng lu cu hnh t RAM ca router n NVRAM ca router. Nn thng xuyn dng lnh ny trong qu trnh thao tc cu hnh router trnh s c bt ng nh mt in t ngt.
R1#Copy startup running
Lnh trn dng copy cu hnh t NVRAM n RAM, dng trong mc ch recovery password s cp trong phn sau.Lu : c 3 lnh u thc hin ti priviledge mode th li cc password t u tin logout ri vo li router. vo c priviledge mode, cc bn phi tri qua 2 ln kim tra password.
Password USER mode l 123
Password Priviledge mode l 789.
Press RETURN to get started.
User Access Verification
Password: //nh vo 123 lu bn s khng thy pass khi g
R1>en
Password: //nh vo 789 lu bn s khng thy pass khi g
R1#
TM TT:Cc lnh c bn dng cu hnh router nh sau:
Router>en
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostname rX
RX(config)#enable password 456
RX(config)#enable secret 789
RX(config)#banne motd & chao mung cac ban den voi CCNA tai NHATNGHE &
RX(config)#line console 0
RX(config-line)#loggin syn
RX(config-line)#login
RX(config-line)#password 123
RX(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0
RX(config-line)#exit
RX(config)#line vty 0 4
RX(config-line)#login
RX(config-line)#password telnet
RX(config-line)#exit
RX(config)#int e 0
RX(config-if)#ip add 192.168.2.150+X 255.255.255.0
RX(config-if)#description day la int noi vao mang lan
RX(config-if)#no shut
RX(config-if)#end
RX#sh ver
RX#sh run
RX#wr
Building configuration...
[OK]
RX#
LU : X L S TH T CA ROUTER BN ANG KT NI
CC LNH XA CU HNH ROUTER:
xa cu hnh router v a router v trng thi default, ta xa NVRAM, cu hnh thng s register thnh 0X2102 ri reload li router. Bn thc hin vic ny mi khi cn reset li router thc hin bi lab mi.
LUN THC HIN CC CU LNH NY TRC MI BUI THC HNH RESET ROUTER.RX>en
RX#conf t
RX(config)#config 0x2102
RX(config)#no boot system
RX(config)#end
RX#write erase
Erasing the nvram filesystem will remove all configuration files! Continue? [confirm] //bm phm enter
[OK]
Erase of nvram: complete
RX#
*Mar 1 00:05:46.743: %SYS-7-NV_BLOCK_INIT: Initialized the geometry of nvram
RX#reload //dng khi ng li router
Proceed with reload? [confirm] //bm phm enter
Ch : nu router ca bn xut hin cu hi yu cu save cu hnh router th phi tr li NO
00:04:56: %SYS-5-RELOAD: Reload requested
System Bootstrap, Version 11.0(10c)XB1, PLATFORM SPECIFIC RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
%SYS-4-CONFIG_NEWER: Configurations from version 12.1 may not be correctly understood.
F3: 7873484+123020+586988 at 0x3000060
............................
..............................
cisco 2620 (MPC860) processor (revision 0x200) with 45056K/4096K bytes of memory.
Processor board ID JAD05030IL1 (1384535827)
M860 processor: part number 0, mask 49
Bridging software.
X.25 software, Version 3.0.0.
1 FastEthernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s)
2 Serial(sync/async) network interface(s)
32K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory.
16384K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write)
--- System Configuration Dialog ---
Would you like to enter the initial configuration dialog? [yes/no]: n
Would you like to terminate autoinstall? [yes]:
//bm phm enter
Press RETURN to get started!
BI TP CC CU LNH CN BN:Trong lab ny yu cu bn thc hin trc cc cu lnh trong phn XA CU HNH ROUTER trang 19. Hn ch tham kho ti liu trong khi thc hin cc lnh c.
A.Thc hin cu hnh router vi yu cu nh sau:
t tn router ca bn l RouterX (X l s th t router ca bn ang kt ni) Password priviledge khng m ha l 456 Password priviledge m ha l 789
Password console l 123 Mi khi kt ni vo router th c cu thng bo: CCNA NHAT_NGHE
Thi gian router t kha l 5 pht 30 giy
Cc cu thng bo ca router t ng xung hng Password telnet vo router l Telnet_RouterX
t a ch cho interface ethenet 0 ca router l 192.168.2.150+X
t cu ghi nh cho int e0 l connect to LAN
Lu cu hnh vo NVRAM
Reload v kim tra li cc cu hnh va lm xong. Router ca bn phi kim tra password 2 ln, lun c cu thng bo mi khi connect vo router, phi ping c cc router khc.
B.Thc hin tip phn sau nu cn thi gian: i password console thnh 321
b hn password priviledge mode
khng cho router t logout (t kha)
b a ch IP ADD ca Ether 0 ng thi tt Ether 0
Sau khi thc hin phn B th router ca bn ch cn 1 password duy nht l 321, khng c a ch IP ADD v khng t logout.CC BN THC HIN BI THC HNH TRN KHNG C THAM KHO BT C TI LIU NO. CH DNG CC LNH GIP CA IOS.CISCO DISCOVERY PROTOCOL:
Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) l giao thc ring ca Cisco dng thu nhp thng tin v neighbor (lng ging). S dng CDP, bn c th bit c thng tin phn cng, giao thc ca cc thit b gn k, thng tin ny hu ch trong x l s c hay kim sot thit b trong mng.
Trong lab ny yu cu bn thc hin trc cc cu lnh trong phn XA CU HNH ROUTER trang 19, sau thc hin tip phn TM TT trang17.Trnh by thng tin tng qut v CDP ca Router R1: show cdp
R1#show cdp
Global CDP information:
Sending CDP packets every 60 seconds
Sending a holdtime value of 180 seconds
Sending CDPv2 advertisements is enabled
R1#
Khong thi gian nh k m mt router gi cc packets dng CDP
Gi tr hold time router ny gi i l 180 giy.
Vic qung b CDP version 2 c cho php.
Xem thng tin tng qut v cdp ca cc thit b ln cn: show cdp neighbors
R1#show cdp neighbors
Capability Codes: R - Router, T - Trans Bridge, B - Source Route Bridge
S - Switch, H - Host, I - IGMP, r - Repeater
Device ID Local Intrfce Holdtme Capability Platform Port ID
sw1900003094FA530Eth 0 179 T S 1900 9
Router2 Eth 0 126 R 2500 Eth 0
Router16 Eth 0 170 R 2500 Eth 0
r4 Eth 0 155 R 2620 Fas 0/0
R3 Eth 0 139 R 2520 Eth 0
Theo v d ny, th R1 bit c hin c cc router v Switch c t : Router 2 , Router 16, Router r4, Router R3, v Sw1900, gi tr holdtime, loi platform ca tng thit b ny, nhng thit b ny ni vi R1 bng cng g ca n (Port ID) v ni vo interface Ethernet 0 ca R1
Xem thng tin chi tit v cdp ca cc thit b ln cn: show cdp neighbors detailR1#show cdp neighbors detail
-------------------------
Device ID: sw1900003094FA5300Entry address(es):
IP address: 192.168.2.252Platform: cisco 1900, Capabilities: Trans-Bridge Switch
Interface: Ethernet0, Port ID (outgoing port): 9
Holdtime : 169 sec
Version :
V8.01
advertisement version: 1
-------------------------
Device ID: Router2Entry address(es):
IP address: 192.168.2.152
Platform: cisco 2500, Capabilities: Router
Interface: Ethernet0, Port ID (outgoing port): Ethernet0
Holdtime : 176 sec
Version :
Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software
--More
IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-I-L), Version 12.1(1)T, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
Copyright (c) 1986-2000 by cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Thu 16-Mar-00 16:10 by ccai
advertisement version: 2
Duplex: half
-------------------------
Device ID: Router16Entry address(es):
IP address: 192.168.2.166
Platform: cisco 2500, Capabilities: Router
Interface: Ethernet0, Port ID (outgoing port): Ethernet0
Holdtime : 158 sec
Version :
Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software
IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-I-L), Version 12.1(1)T, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
Copyright (c) 1986-2000 by cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Thu 16-Mar-00 16:10 by ccai
advertisement version: 2
Duplex: half
--More-- (cn na)
Bit chi tit hn v cc thit b ln cn: a ch IP , versionLnh tng ng vi show cdp neighbors detail l show cdp entry *R1#show cdp entry *
-------------------------
Device ID: sw1900003094FA5300Entry address(es):
IP address: 192.168.2.252
Platform: cisco 1900, Capabilities: Trans-Bridge Switch
Interface: Ethernet0, Port ID (outgoing port): 9
Holdtime : 169 sec
Version :
V8.01
advertisement version: 1
-------------------------
Device ID: Router2Entry address(es):
IP address: 192.168.2.152
Platform: cisco 2500, Capabilities: Router
Interface: Ethernet0, Port ID (outgoing port): Ethernet0
Holdtime : 176 sec
Version :
Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software
--More
IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-I-L), Version 12.1(1)T, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
Copyright (c) 1986-2000 by cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Thu 16-Mar-00 16:10 by ccai
advertisement version: 2
Duplex: half
-------------------------
Device ID: Router16Entry address(es):
IP address: 192.168.2.166
Platform: cisco 2500, Capabilities: Router
Interface: Ethernet0, Port ID (outgoing port): Ethernet0
Holdtime : 158 sec
Version :
Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software
IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-I-L), Version 12.1(1)T, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
Copyright (c) 1986-2000 by cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Thu 16-Mar-00 16:10 by ccai
advertisement version: 2
Duplex: half
--More-- (cn na)
Xem thng tin traffic v cdp ca Router R1:
R1#show cdp traffic
CDP counters :
Total packets output: 177, Input: 818
Hdr syntax: 0, Chksum error: 0, Encaps failed: 6
No memory: 0, Invalid packet: 0, Fragmented: 0
CDP version 1 advertisements output: 87, Input: 447
CDP version 2 advertisements output: 90, Input: 371
Lnh show cdp traffic hin th lu lng ti interface gm c s gi CDP gi nhn v b li.
Thng tin trng thi CDP trn port hay interface hin th bng lnh show cdp interface (sh cdp int)R1#show cdp interface
Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is up
Encapsulation ARPA
Sending CDP packets every 60 seconds
Holdtime is 180 seconds
Serial0 is administratively down, line protocol is down
Encapsulation HDLC
Sending CDP packets every 60 seconds
Holdtime is 180 seconds
Serial1 is administratively down, line protocol is down
Encapsulation HDLC
Sending CDP packets every 60 seconds
Holdtime is 180 seconds
Tt CDP hon ton trn router dng lnh: no cdp runR1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#no cdp run
R1(config)#^Z
R1#show cdp
01:36:31: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console inter
R1#show cdp int
R1#show cdp interface
% CDP is not enabled
Tt CDP trn tng interface dng lnh: no cdp enableR1#show cdp
% CDP is not enabled
R1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#cdp run //bt li CDP trn ton b router R1R1(config)#^ZR1#show cdp //kim tra li, thy R1 bt li CDP Global CDP information:
Sending CDP packets every 60 seconds
Sending a holdtime value of 180 seconds
Sending CDPv2 advertisements is enabledR1#show cdp interface
Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is up // cc interface chy CDP Encapsulation ARPA // lu , hin ti E0 ang cha CDP Sending CDP packets every 60 seconds
Holdtime is 180 seconds
Serial0 is administratively down, line protocol is down
Encapsulation HDLC
Sending CDP packets every 60 seconds
Holdtime is 180 seconds
Serial1 is administratively down, line protocol is down
Encapsulation HDLC
Sending CDP packets every 60 seconds
Holdtime is 180 seconds
R1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#interface e0R1(config-if)#no cdp enable
R1(config-if)#^Z
R1#
01:37:56: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R1#
R1#show cdp //Kim li, thy CDP vn chy trn R1Global CDP information:
Sending CDP packets every 60 seconds
Sending a holdtime value of 180 seconds
Sending CDPv2 advertisements is enabled
R1#show cdp interface //nhng interface e0 b tt cdpSerial0 is administratively down, line protocol is down
Encapsulation HDLC
Sending CDP packets every 60 seconds
Holdtime is 180 seconds
Serial1 is administratively down, line protocol is down
Encapsulation HDLC
Sending CDP packets every 60 seconds
Holdtime is 180 seconds
Nh vy ta tt cdp trn interface ethernet 0.
TELNET:
Telnet l mt giao thc u cui o (virtual terminal) l mt phn ca b giao thc TCP/IP. Telnet cho php to kt ni vi thit b t xa, thu nhp thng tin v chy chng trnh.
Lab ny hng dn dng lnh telnet v cc lnh lin quan trn router.
Trong lab ny yu cu bn thc hin trc cc cu lnh trong phn XA CU HNH ROUTER trang 19, sau thc hin tip phn TM TT trang17.t password cho cc ng VTYR1(config)#line vty 0 4
R1(config-line)#login
R1(config-line)#password telnetpassR1(config-line)#exit
t password cho Global modeR1(config)#enable sec
R1(config)#enable secret 789
Cu hnh a ch IP cho interface ethernet 0R1(config)#interface e0
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.151 255.255.255.0R1(config-if)#no shut
R1(config-if)#^Z
R1#
R1#ping 192.168.2.153Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.2.153, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 4/4/8 ms
Router R3 c cu hnh a ch IP cho e0 l: 192.168.2.153 /24, by gi, ng ti Router R3, ta telnet vo router R1:
R3#telnet 192.168.2.151
Trying 192.168.2.151 ... Open
User Access Verification
Password: telnetpassR1>en
Password: 789R1#
Lu : R3 s khng th no telnet vo c R2, nu R2 cha c cu hnh password vty v R3 s nhn thng bo li nh sau:
R3#telnet 192.168.2.152
Trying 192.168.2.152 ... Open
.
Password required, but none set[Connection to 192.168.2.152 closed by foreign host]
R3#
( Virtual terminal (VTY) lines cho php vic truy cp vo router thng qua cc phin ni kt Telnet. VTY lines khng ni trc tip vo cc interfaces nh cch TTY ni vo asynchronous interface m l cc kt ni ovo router thng qua a ch ca ethernet port (interface ethernet). Router to nhng VTY lines mt cch linh ng, trong khi TTY lines l ch ni kt vo nhng cng vt l. Khi ngi dng kt ni vo router bng VTY line, ngi ang kt ni vo mt cng o trn interfaceKhi t mt router ny m telnet vo mt router khc v mun thot tr li router ca mnh, th c 2 dng:
a. Thot hn.
b. Tm thot.
a. Router R3 telnet vo Router R1 v thot hn (chm dt hon ton session):
R3#telnet 192.168.2.151
Trying 192.168.2.151 ... Open
User Access Verification
Password:
R1>en
Password:
R1#exit[Connection to 192.168.2.151 closed by foreign host]
b. Router R3 telnet vo Router R1 v tm thot v Router ca mnh (tr li R3, nhng vn gia session vi R1):
R3#telnet 192.168.2.151
Trying 192.168.2.151 ... Open
User Access Verification
Password:
Password:
Password:
R1>en Password:
R1#
ti y nhn t hp phm Ctrl+Shift+6 cng lc, bung phm ra, ri nhn xR3#
Sau khi tm thot, ta c th dng lnh sau xem Router ca mnh (R3) ang cn gi session vi Router no hay khng, bng lnh sau:
R3#show sessionsConn Host Address Byte Idle Conn Name
* 1 192.168.2.151 192.168.2.151 0 2 192.168.2.151
By gi, nu R3 mun quay tr li session m trc ang telnet vo R1, th ch cn bm
1 ri Enter + Enter (bm 1 ri enter 2 ln): 1 chnh l s th t ca session.R3#1 (Enter)[Resuming connection 1 to 192.168.2.151 ... ] (Enter)R1#
Cn nu ti R3, sau khi tm thot session khi R1, m by gi mun chm dt session lun (khng mun quay tr li na) :
R3#show ses
R3#show sessions
Conn Host Address Byte Idle Conn Name
* 1 192.168.2.151 192.168.2.151 0 0 192.168.2.151
R3#disconnect 1Closing connection to 192.168.2.151 [confirm]
R3#show session
% No connections open
R3#
Trong lc R3 ang telnet v R1, R1 mun bit c ai ang telnet vo mnh :
R1#show users Line User Host(s) Idle Location
* 0 con 0 idle 00:00:00
18 vty 0 idle 00:00:16 192.168.2.153
Interface User Mode Idle Peer Address
R1#
By gi, nu R1 mun hy lun session m R3 ang telnet vo mnh:
R1#clear line 18
[confirm]
[OK]
R1#show user
Line User Host(s) Idle Location
* 0 con 0 idle 00:00:00
Interface User Mode Idle Peer Address
Ngay lc ny, bn mn hnh Hyperterminal ca R3 s xut hin thng bo sau:
[Connection to 192.168.2.151 closed by foreign host]R3#
TM TT:
1. ngi khc c th telnet vo Router ca mnh, Router ca mnh phi t password cho cc ng VTY:
Line vty 0 4
Login
Password telnetpass2. Khi telnet vo Router khc, mun thot hn (chm dt session) tr li Router mnh:
ExitLogout
Q3. Khi telnet vo ngi ta, mun tm thot v th bm t hp phm:
+ X
4. Mun bit Router mnh cn ang gi session vi router no:
Show sessions
5. Mun hy session ang tn ti ca mnh vi Router khc:
Disconnect [s th t session]
6. Mun bit ai ang telnet vo mnh:
Show users
7. Mun hy session ca ngi khc ang telnet vo mnh:
Clear line (s th t line)
CRACK PASSWORD:
Trong lab ny yu cu bn thc hin trc cc cu lnh trong phn XA CU HNH ROUTER trang 19, sau thc hin tip phn TM TT trang17.Cc bc crack password ca Router Cisco:
1. Tt Bt router, nhn t hp phm trong 30 giy u
khi ng router vo rom monitor mode
2. Khi vo c monitor mode, ta cu hnh lnh gi tr cho config-register l 0x2142 bit th 6 c gi tr l 1 th router trong ln khi ng k s khng load cu hnh trong nvram vo ram, do ta s khng b hi password
3. Khi ng li router (trong ch 2142, khng load nvram), copy tan b cu hnh trong nvram vo ram4. Vo global config mode no cc lai password, hoc i li password theo mnh. Sau write li cu hnh vo nvram.
5. vo cc interface c cu hnh g thm lnh NO SHUT6. Dng lnh config-register i li gi tr l 0x2102 router s khi ng bnh thng tr li trong ln khi ng k tip.7. Sao lu li cu hnh vo NVRAM bng lnh WRITE v reload li router.2500 processor with 16384 Kbytes of main memory
Abort at 0x10CFB9E (PC)
>o/r 0x2142>i
--- System Configuration Dialog ---
Would you like to enter the initial configuration dialog? [yes/no]: n
Press RETURN to get started!
00:02:15: %SYS-5-RESTART: System restarted --
Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software
IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-I-L), Version 12.1(12), RELEASE
Router>
Router>
Router>
Router> SOFTWARE (fc1)
Copyright (c) 1986-2001 by cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Mon 26-Nov-01 21:28 by kellythw
Router>
Router>
Router>en
Router#show run
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 376 bytes
!
version 12.1
service timestamps debug uptime
service timestamps log uptime
no service password-encryption
!
hostname Router //do boot vi 2142 nn khng c cu hnh!
!
!
ip subnet-zero
!
!
interface Serial0
no ip address
shutdown
--More
interface Serial1
no ip address
shutdown
!
interface TokenRing0
no ip address
shutdown
!
ip classless
no ip http server
!
!
line con 0
line aux 0
line vty 0 4
!
End
Router#copy startup-config running-config
Destination filename [running-config]? //bm phm enter701 bytes copied in 4.16 secs (175 bytes/sec)
Router#
R1#show run
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 721 bytes
!
version 12.1
service timestamps debug uptime
service timestamps log uptime
no service password-encryption
!
hostname R1 // c li cu hnh!
enable secret 5 $1$nsVj$eErWsNTNwP.jmJckAv8qEenable password 456!
ip subnet-zero
!
!
interface Ethernet 0 ip address 192.168.2.151 255.255.255.0 shutdown --More--
R1#
R1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#no enable password
R1(config)#no enable secret
R1(config)#line console 0R1(config-line)#no password
R1(config-line)#exit
R1(config)#int e 0
R1(config-if)#no shut
R1(config-if)#endR1#wrBuilding configuration...
R1#show ver
Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software
IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-I-L), Version 12.1(12), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
Copyright (c) 1986-2001 by cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Mon 26-Nov-01 21:28 by kellythw
Image text-base: 0x03041C88, data-base: 0x00001000
ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 11.0(10c)XB1, PLATFORM SPECIFIC RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
BOOTLDR: 3000 Bootstrap Software (IGS-BOOT-R), Version 11.0(10c)XB1, PLATFORM SPECIFIC RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
R6 uptime is 4 minutes
System returned to ROM by power-on
System image file is "flash:/r6_flash"
cisco 2500 (68030) processor (revision B) with 16384K/2048K bytes of memory.
Processor board ID 01062894, with hardware revision 00000000
Bridging software.
X.25 software, Version 3.0.0.
1 Token Ring/IEEE 802.5 interface(s)
2 Serial network interface(s)
32K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory.
8192K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY)
--More--
Configuration register is 0x2142
R1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#config-register 0x2102R1(config)#exit
R1#show ver
cisco 2500 (68030) processor (revision B) with 16384K/2048K bytes of memory.
Processor board ID 01062894, with hardware revision 00000000
Bridging software.
X.25 software, Version 3.0.0.
1 Token Ring/IEEE 802.5 interface(s)
2 Serial network interface(s)
32K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory.
8192K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY)
--More--
Configuration register is 0x2142 (will be 0x2102 at next reload)
R6#reload
System configuration has been modified. Save? [yes/no]: yProceed with reload? [confirm]
TM TT:1. Bt, tt, Ctrl+break2. >o/r 0x2142>i3. Router#copy start run4. Router#conf t
Router(config)#no enable pass
Router(config)#no enable sec
Router(config)#line cons 0
Router(config-line)#no login
Router(config-line)#no pass
Router(config-line)#exit5.
Router(config)#int e 0
Router(config-if)#no shut
Router(config-if)#exit6.
Router(config)#conf 0x2102
Router(config)#end7.Router#WRITE
Router#reload* i vi router 2600 v 3600 th i li lnh:>o/r 0x2142 thnh rommon 1>confreg 0x2142
>i
thnh
rommon 2>reset
BACKUP V RESTORE CU HNH ROUTER:
Trong lab ny yu cu bn thc hin trc cc cu lnh trong phn XA CU HNH ROUTER trang 19, sau thc hin tip phn TM TT trang17.BACKUP CU HNH ROUTER:
backup c cu hnh router ta s sao lu cu hnh ca router trong RAM n bt k mt my tnh no chy software TFTP. u tin, to mt folder C:\backup_config trn my tnh ca bn. Khi ng chng trnh TFTP trn my ca bn ln, vo mc propertie ca TFTP chn root directory l C:\backup_config, ng thi xem v ghi nhn s ip add ca TFTP server (192.168.2.X)Tip theo, vo hyper terminal ca router ping kim tra kt ni n TFTP.
RX#ping 192.168.2.X
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.2.X, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 28/31/32 ms
rX#
Sau khi ping c TFTP, tin hnh vic backup cu hnh:
rX#copy run tftp
Address or name of remote host []? 192.168.2.XDestination filename [router-confg]?RX_backup_config //t tn file.!!
419 bytes copied in 9.308 secs (46 bytes/sec)
LU : X L S TH T CA ROUTER BN ANG KT NISau khi backup xong ta c th xem trn C:\backup_config s c 1 file tn l R1_backup_config. Ta c th xem file ny bng wordpad. Backup thnh cng.
RESTORE CU HNH ROUTER: restore cu hnh trn router, trc ht ta gi s router mt cu hnh (khng c cu hnh) ta dng lnh WRITE ERASE xa NVRAM ri dng lnh RELOAD khi ng li router (thc hin cc cu lnh trong phn XA CU HNH ROUTER trang 19)RX#write erase
Erasing the nvram filesystem will remove all configuration files! Continue? [confirm] //bm phm enter
[OK]
Erase of nvram: complete
RX#
*Mar 1 00:05:46.743: %SYS-7-NV_BLOCK_INIT: Initialized the geometry of nvram
RX#reload //dng khi ng li router
Proceed with reload? [confirm] //bm phm enter
Ch : nu router ca bn xut hin cu hi yu cu save cu hnh router th phi tr li NO
00:04:56: %SYS-5-RELOAD: Reload requested
System Bootstrap, Version 11.0(10c)XB1, PLATFORM SPECIFIC RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
%SYS-4-CONFIG_NEWER: Configurations from version 12.1 may not be correctly understood.
F3: 7873484+123020+586988 at 0x3000060
............................
..............................
cisco 2620 (MPC860) processor (revision 0x200) with 45056K/4096K bytes of memory.
Processor board ID JAD05030IL1 (1384535827)
M860 processor: part number 0, mask 49
Bridging software.
X.25 software, Version 3.0.0.
1 FastEthernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s)
2 Serial(sync/async) network interface(s)
32K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory.
16384K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write)
--- System Configuration Dialog ---
Would you like to enter the initial configuration dialog? [yes/no]: n
Would you like to terminate autoinstall? [yes]:
//bm phm enter
Press RETURN to get started!
Sau ta phi t ti thiu l a ch IP ca router sao cho n c kh nng ping c TFTP server.
Router>en
Router#conf t
Router(config)#int e 0
Router(config-if)#ip add 192.168.2.X 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no sh
Router(config-if)#end
Router#
Router#ping 192.168.2.X
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.2.X timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 28/31/32 ms
Router#
LU : X L S TH T CA ROUTER BN ANG KT NITip theo thc hin lnh copy tftp run restore
Router#copy tftp run
Address or name of remote host []? 192.168.2.X
Source filename []? RX_backup_config //tn file lc backup
Destination filename [running-config]? //bm phm enter
Accessing tftp://192.168.2.14/pc14_config...
Loading pc14_config from 192.168.2.1 (via Ethernet0): !!
[OK - 442/4096 bytes]
442 bytes copied in 2.748 secs (221 bytes/sec)
RX# //restore thnh cng
Lc ny router R1 ly li c cu hnh, sao lu cu hnh vo NVRAM dng lnh WRITE.
RX#write
Building configuration...
[OK]
RX# //KT THC BI LAB BACKUP V RESTORE CU HNH ROUTER
BACKUP V RESTORE IOS:
Trong lab ny yu cu bn thc hin trc cc cu lnh trong phn XA CU HNH ROUTER trang 19, sau thc hin tip phn TM TT trang17.Backup IOS
RX#sh flash //dng kim tra tn file ca IOS
System flash directory:
File Length Name/status
1 7824848 rX_flash //ghi nhn tn file cung cp trong qu _ trnh backup
[7824912 bytes used, 563696 available, 8388608 total]
8192K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY)
RX#copy flash tftp
Source filename ? rX_flash //nhp tn file ghi nhn trn
Address or name of remote host []? 192.168.2.X //nhp a ch TFTP
Destination filename [rX_flash]?Rx_Backup_flash //nhp tn file backup
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
7824848 bytes copied in 101.684 secs (77473 bytes/sec)
RX#
Sau khi backup xong, kim tra trong root directory ca TFTP s c 1 file tn l Rx_Backup_flash. Backup thnh cng.RESTORE IOSRX#copy tftp flash
**** NOTICE ****
Flash load helper v1.0
This process will accept the copy options and then terminate
the current system image to use the ROM based image for the copy.
Routing functionality will not be available during that time.
If you are logged in via telnet, this connection will terminate.
Users with console access can see the results of the copy operation.
---- ******** ----
Proceed? [confirm] //bm enter xc nhn
Address or name of remote host []? 192.168.2.X //nhp a ch TFTP
Source filename []? Rx_Backup_flash //file backup trn TFTP
Destination filename [r1_flash]? rX_flash_new //tn IOS mi
Accessing tftp://192.168.2.X/Rx_Backup_flash...
Erase flash: before copying? [confirm] //bm enter xc nhn
%SYS-4-CONFIG_NEWER: Configurations from version 12.1 may not be correctly understood.
%FLH: r1_flash from 192.168.2.X to flash ...
System flash directory:
File Length Name/status
1 7824848 R1_New_flash
[7824912 bytes used, 563696 available, 8388608 total]
Accessing file 'r1_flash' on 192.168.2.1...
Loading r1_flash from 192.168.2.1 (via Ethernet0): ! [OK]
Erasing device... eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ...erased
Loading r1_flash from 192.168.2.1 (via Ethernet0): !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
[OK - 7824848/8388608 bytes]
Verifying checksum... OK (0x8030)
Flash copy took 0:03:51 [hh:mm:ss]
%FLH: Re-booting system after download
F3: 7712008+112808+595100 at 0x3000060
Restricted Rights Legend
Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is
subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph
(c) of the Commercial Computer Software Restricted
Rights clause at FAR sec. 52.227-19 and subparagraph
(c) (1) (ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer
Software clause at DFARS sec. 252.227-7013.
cisco Systems, Inc.
170 West Tasman Drive
San Jose, California 95134-1706
Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software
IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-I-L), Version 12.1(1)T, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
Copyright (c) 1986-2000 by cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Thu 16-Mar-00 16:10 by ccai
Image text-base: 0x0303F64C, data-base: 0x00001000
cisco 2511 (68030) processor (revision M) with 2048K/2048K bytes of memory.
Processor board ID 20475723, with hardware revision 00000000
Bridging software.
X.25 software, Version 3.0.0.
1 Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s)
2 Serial network interface(s)
16 terminal line(s)
32K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory.
8192K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY)
Press RETURN to get started!
RX>en
RX#sh ver //kim tra kt qu
Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software
IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-I-L), Version 12.1(1)T, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
Copyright (c) 1986-2000 by cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Thu 16-Mar-00 16:10 by ccai
Image text-base: 0x0303F64C, data-base: 0x00001000
ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 11.0(10c), SOFTWARE
BOOTFLASH: 3000 Bootstrap Software (IGS-BOOT-R), Version 11.0(10c), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
r1 uptime is 0 minutes
System returned to ROM by reload
System image file is "flash:Rx_flash_new" //tn IOS mi
cisco 2511 (68030) processor (revision M) with 2048K/2048K bytes of memory.
Processor board ID 20475723, with hardware revision 00000000
Bridging software.
X.25 software, Version 3.0.0.
1 Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s)
2 Serial network interface(s)
16 terminal line(s)
32K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory.
8192K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY)
Configuration register is 0x2102
STATIC ROUTE:
S ni dy v a ch IPTrong lab ny yu cu bn thc hin trc cc cu lnh trong phn XA CU HNH ROUTER trang 19, sau thc hin tip phn TM TT trang17. Lu khi t s IP ADD theo s . Hn ch tham kho ti liu trong khi thc hin cc lnh c.Lu vic cu hnh s IP ca cc interface serial thc hin ging nh vic cu hnh s IP ca cc interface Ethernet. Tuy nhin v cc int serial dng trong vic kt ni WAN do kt ni cc int serial trong phng LAB ta dng cross cable. V vy mt trong hai u ca ng kt ni s ng vai tr gi lp thit b DCE. xem v bit c u no l DCE, hy dng lnh:R_A#sh controllers s 0
HD unit 0, idb = 0x1027AC, driver structure at 0x108AF0
buffer size 1524 HD unit 0, V.35 DCE cable
cpb = 0x21, eda = 0x4940, cda = 0x4800
RX ring with 16 entries at 0x214800
00 bd_ptr=0x4800 pak=0x10C36C ds=0x21ECC8 status=80 pak_size=0
01 bd_ptr=0x4814 pak=0x10C110 ds=0x21E60C status=80 pak_size=0
02 bd_ptr=0x4828 pak=0x10BEB4 ds=0x21DF50 status=80 pak_size=0
03 bd_ptr=0x483C pak=0x10BC58 ds=0x21D894 status=80 pak_size=0
i vi u cable DCE cc bn phi dng thm lnh CLOCK RATE 64000 t tc clock ca ng kt ni. Lu l lnh ny khng thc hin trong mi trng thc t.Cc int loopback ca router R_B v R_C dng gi lp cc network vi mc ch thc hin bi lab static route.
Cu hnh IP address ca router R_A nh sau:
R_A#
R_A#conf t
R_A(config)#interface s0
R_A(config-if)#ip add 172.16.0.1 255.255.0.0
R_A(config-if)#clock rate 64000 //y l u DCE
R_A(config-if)#no shut
R_A(config-if)#exit
R_A(config)interface s1
R_A(config-if)#ip add 172.17.0.1 255.255.0.0
R_A(config-if)#clock rate 64000
R_A(config-if)#no shut
Cu hnh IP address ca router R_B nh sau:
R_B#
R_B#conf t
R_B(config)#interface s0
R_B(config-if)#ip add 172.16.0.2 255.255.0.0
R_B(config-if)#no shut
R_B(config-if)#exit
R_B(config)#interface loop 1 //lnh to int loopback
R_B(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
R_B(config-if)#exit
R_B(config)#interface loop 2
R_B(config-if)#ip add 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0
R_B(config-if)#end
Cu hnh ip address ca router R_C tng t router R_B.
Vi cu hnh nh trn, cc router router R_B v R_C khng th lin lc c vi nhau v Routing table ca chng khng cha y tt c cc network address, hin chng ch cha cc NET_ID ca cc interface kt ni vi chng m thi. Tng t nh vy, R_A khng th ping c cc int loopback ca R_B v R_C.Routing table cua R_A trc khi cu hnh static route:
R_A#
R_A#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 172.17.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial1
C 172.16.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial0
R_A#ping 192.168.1.2
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
.....
Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)
Cc lnh thc hin cu hnh static route trn router R_A:R_A>en
R_A#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R_A(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.0.2
R_A(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.0.2
R_A(config)#ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 172.17.0.2
R_A(config)#ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 172.17.0.2
R_A(config)#end
R_A#
R_A#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I IGRP, R - RIP, M mobile, B BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 OSPF external type 2, E EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 172.17.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial1
C 172.16.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial0
S 192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 172.16.0.2
S 192.168.2.0/24 [1/0] via 172.16.0.2
S 192.168.3.0/24 [1/0] via 172.17.0.2
S 192.168.4.0/24 [1/0] via 172.17.0.2
R_A#
R_A#ping 192.168.1.2
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 28/31/32 ms
R_A#
Vy R_A c th ping c loop ca R_B v R_C.Cho n ti thi im ny R_B vn khng th lin lc c vi R_C, thc hin static route trn R_B nh sau:
R_B>en
R_B#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R_B(config)#ip route 172.17.0.0 255.255.0.0 172.16.0.1
R_B(config)#ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.0.1
R_B(config)#ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.0.1
R_B(config)#end
R_B#
R_B#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I IGRP, R - RIP, M mobile, B BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 OSPF external type 2, E EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 172.16.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial0C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback 1C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback 2
S 172.17.0.0/16 [1/0] via 172.16.0.1
S 192.168.3.0/24 [1/0] via 172.16.0.1
S 192.168.4.0/24 [1/0] via 172.16.0.1
R_B#
R_B#ping 192.168.4.2
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.4.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 28/31/32 ms
R_B#
Tng t cho router R_C.
Lu : R_B ch ping c R_C sau khi thc hin cu hnh static route trn c 3 router R_A, R_B v R_C.
CC LNH V HOSTNAME v SH INTERFACE:
Thng thng khi nhp mt chui k t khng ging vi cc cu lnh ca IOS, router s t ng i chui k t thnh s IP ADD. Do router khng bit a ch ca name server c th nn n s gi broadcast i tn.R_A#abc
Translating "abc"...domain server (255.255.255.255)
Translating "abc"...domain server (255.255.255.255)
(255.255.255.255)% Unknown command or computer name, or unable to find computer address
Ta c lnh ip name-server t a ch name server cho router
R_A#conf t
r1(config)#ip name-server 192.168.2.200
R_A#www.yahoo.com
Translating "www.yahoo.com"...domain server (192.168.2.200)
Translating "www.yahoo.com"...domain server (192.168.2.200)
(192.168.2.200)Translating "www.yahoo.com"...domain server (192.168.2.200) [OK]
Trying www.yahoo.akadns.net (66.94.230.41)... Destination unreachable; gateway or host down
tt ch t ng chuyn t tn sang s IP ta c lnh:
R_A#conf t
R_A(config)#no ip domain-lookup
R_A#ping r1
Translating "r1"
% Unrecognized host or address, or protocol not running.
R_A#abc
Translating "abc"
Translating "abc"
% Unknown command or computer name, or unable to find computer address
map static tn sang s IP ta c lnh:
R_A#conf t
R_A(config)#ip host r1 192.168.2.2
R_A#ping r1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.2.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 4/4/4 ms
Lnh kim tra cc tn v s IP ca router:
R_A#sh host
Default domain is not set
Name/address lookup uses static mappings
Host Flags Age Type Address(es)
r1 (perm, OK) 0 IP 192.168.2.2
www.yahoo.com (temp, EX) 0 IP 66.94.230.41 66.94.230.43
66.94.230.47 66.94.230.37
66.94.230.33 66.94.230.38
66.94.230.50 66.94.230.48
www.yahoo.akadns.net
www.yahoo.com (temp, UN) 0 X.121
abc (temp, UN) 0
abc (temp, UN) 0 X.121
Lnh kim tra trng thi ca INTERFACE:Khi thng bo c dng sau, ta c trng hp S0 cha cu hnh, cha c lnh NO SHUT (Serial0 is administratively down)
R_A#sh int s 0
Serial0 is administratively down, line protocol is down
Hardware is HD64570
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec,
reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set
Keepalive set (10 sec)
Khi cu hnh S0 v nh lnh NO SHUT, ta c th gp mt trong ba trng hp sau:
Serial1 is down, line protocol is down, c th do cable khng tt, router ni trc tip cha cu hnh IP ADD v NO SHUT, thng l do li ti lp physical
R_A#sh int s 0
Serial0 is down, line protocol is down
Hardware is HD64570
Internet address is 172.16.0.1/16
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec,
reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set
Keepalive set (10 sec)
Serial1 is up, line protocol is down, y l li ti lp datalink, thng do hai u kt ni dng hai kiu encapsulation khc nhauR_A#sh int s 0
Serial0 is up, line protocol is down
Hardware is HD64570
Internet address is 172.16.0.1/16
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec,
reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set
Serial1 is up, line protocol is up, trng hp ny l trng hp bnh thng, khng gp vn ti lp 1 v 2, cc interface hoat ng tt
R_A#sh int s 0
Serial0 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is HD64570
Internet address is 172.16.0.1/16
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec,
reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set
BI TP STATIC ROUTE :
Thc hin cu hnh static route trn cc router sau vi cc s IP c cho trong s .
S ni dy v a ch IPTrong lab ny yu cu bn thc hin trc cc cu lnh trong phn XA CU HNH ROUTER trang 19, sau thc hin tip phn TM TT trang17. Lu khi t s IP ADD theo s . Hn ch tham kho ti liu trong khi thc hin cc lnh c.Yu cu: Cc routing table trn mi router phi c 11 subnet
Tt c cc router u c th ping c cc a ch ca cc int loopback trn cc router cn li.
DEFAULT ROUTE:Trong trng hp bi tp trn ta nhn thy cc router R_B v R_C ch dng duy nht mt a ch next-hop routing, do n gin routing table ta c th dng default route. cu hnh default route hiu qu, ch nn cu hnh default route ti cc router c mt gateway ra ngoi. Cu lnh nh sau:R_B>en
R_B#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R_B(config)#no ip routing //tt routingR_B(config)#ip rouitng //bt routingR_B(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.10.0.0
R_B(config)#end
R_B#
Tng t cho router R_C.R_B#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 OSPF external type 2, E EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is 10.10.0.0 to network 0.0.0.0
C 10.8.0.0/13 is directly connected, Serial0C 10.255.16.0/20 is directly connected, Loopback 1C 10.255.168.0/21 is directly connected, Loopback 2
C 10.255.32.0/21 is directly connected, Loopback 3
S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 10.10.0.0
R_B#
R_B#ping 10.255.50.2
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.255.50.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 28/31/32 ms
R_B#
DYNAMIC ROUTING PROTOCOL RIP:
S ni dy v a ch IPTrong lab ny yu cu bn thc hin trc cc cu lnh trong phn XA CU HNH ROUTER trang 19, sau thc hin tip phn TM TT trang17. Lu khi t s IP ADD theo s . Hn ch tham kho ti liu trong khi thc hin cc lnh c.Vic cu hnh IP address cc router nh trong hnh tng t nh trong phn static route. Sau y l cc bc thc hin cu hnh Dynamic routing protocol RIP
Cu hnh ti R1:
r1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
r1(config)#router rip //bt chc nng routing RIP
r1(config-router)#network 192.168.10.0 //routing trn int s0
r1(config-router)#network 192.168.30.0 //routing trn int s1
r1(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0 //routing trn int loop 1
r1(config-router)#end
r1#
Cu hnh ti R2:
r2#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
r2(config)#
r2(config)#router rip
r2(config-router)#network 20.0.0.0
r2(config-router)#network 192.168.10.0
r2(config-router)#network 192.168.30.0
r2(config-router)#end
r2#
Tng t cho R3.
Lu : khi dng lnh Network 192.168.X.X th ch nhp vo tham s default netID ca a ch interface (default class A, B hoc C)Routing table ca cc router:
r1#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B BGP
D - EIGRP, EX EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.168.30.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1
R 20.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 192.168.10.2, 00:00:07, Serial0
C 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0
R 192.168.20.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.30.2, 00:00:02, Serial1
[120/1] via 192.168.10.2, 00:00:07, Serial0
C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Loopback1
R 30.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 192.168.30.2, 00:00:02, Serial1
r1#
r2#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B BGP
D - EIGRP, EX EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
R 192.168.30.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.20.2, 00:00:09, Serial1
[120/1] via 192.168.10.1, 00:00:14, Serial0
C 20.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Loopback1
C 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0
C 192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1
R 10.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 192.168.10.1, 00:00:14, Serial0
R 30.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 192.168.20.2, 00:00:10, Serial1
r2#
r3#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B BGP
D - EIGRP, EX EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.168.30.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1
R 20.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 192.168.20.1, 00:00:20, Serial0
R 192.168.10.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.20.1, 00:00:20, Serial0
[120/1] via 192.168.30.1, 00:00:19, Serial1
C 192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0
R 10.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 192.168.30.1, 00:00:19, Serial1
C 30.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Loopback1
r3#
Cc hng route c in m trong hnh l cc route vi nhiu ng i khc nhau v cng bng metric nn RIP dng c 2 ng load balance. Nu khng cu hnh thm th default RIP c kh nng load balance trn 4 ng. Ngoi ra cn c th cu hnh cho RIP load balance t 1 n 6 ngCu hnh t tham s load balancer1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
r1(config)#router rip
r1(config-router)#maximum-paths ? //t tham s loadbalance
Number of paths
Trong trng hp khng mun RIP gi update trn interface no th dng lnh passive-int
r1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
r1(config)#router rip
r1(config-router)#passive-interface ?
Ethernet IEEE 802.3
Loopback Loopback interface
Null Null interface
Serial Serial
default Suppress routing updates on all interfaces
r1(config-router)#passive-interface e 0 //RIP s khng gui update trn e0
r1(config)#exit
r1#
Dng lnh sh ip protocol xem thng tin v routing protocol trn routerr1#sh ip protocols
Routing Protocol is "rip"
Sending updates every 30 seconds, next due in 22 seconds
Invalid after 180 seconds, hold down 180, flushed after 240
Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is
Redistributing: rip
Default version control: send version 1, receive any version
Interface Send Recv Triggered RIP Key-chain
Loopback1 1 1 2
Serial0 1 1 2
Serial1 1 1 2
Automatic network summarization is in effect
Routing for Networks: //cc network ang c routing
10.0.0.0
192.168.10.0
192.168.30.0
Passive Interface(s): //cc interface ang trong trng thi passive
Ethernet0
Routing Information Sources: //cc router gi update cho R1
Gateway Distance Last Update
192.168.10.2 120 00:00:07
192.168.30.2 120 00:00:02
Distance: (default is 120)
r1#
thay i cc tham s v thi gian dng lnh timer basicr1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
r1(config)#router rip
r1(config-router)#timers basic 60 200 200 300
r1(config-router)#^Z
r1#sh ip pro
Routing Protocol is "rip"
Sending updates every 60 seconds, next due in 3 seconds
Invalid after 200 seconds, hold down 200, flushed after 300
Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is
Redistributing: rip
Default version control: send version 1, receive any version
Interface Send Recv Triggered RIP Key-chain
Loopback1 1 1 2
Serial0 1 1 2
Serial1 1 1 2
Automatic network summarization is in effect
Routing for Networks:
10.0.0.0
192.168.10.0
192.168.30.0
Passive Interface(s):
Ethernet0
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway Distance Last Update
192.168.10.2 120 00:00:24
192.168.30.2 120 00:00:19
Distance: (default is 120)
Cc thng tin v RIP update:
r1#debug ip rip
RIP protocol debugging is on
r1#
00:50:50: RIP: received v1 update from 192.168.10.2 on Serial0
00:50:50: 20.0.0.0 in 1 hops
00:50:50: 30.0.0.0 in 2 hops
00:50:50: 192.168.20.0 in 1 hops
r1#
00:50:55: RIP: received v1 update from 192.168.30.2 on Serial1
00:50:55: 20.0.0.0 in 2 hops
00:50:55: 30.0.0.0 in 1 hops
00:50:55: 192.168.20.0 in 1 hops
r1#
00:51:13: RIP: sending v1 update to 255.255.255.255 via Loopback1 (10.0.0.1)
00:51:13: RIP: build update entries
00:51:13: network 20.0.0.0 metric 2
00:51:13: network 30.0.0.0 metric 2
00:51:13: network 192.168.10.0 metric 1
00:51:13: network 192.168.20.0 metric 2
00:51:13: network 192.168.30.0 metric 1
00:51:13: RIP: sending v1 update to 255.255.255.255 via Serial0 (192.168.10.1)
00:51:13: RIP: build update entries
00:51:13: network 10.0.0.0 metric 1
00:51:13: network 30.0.0.0 metric 2
00:51:13: network 192.168.30.0 metric 1
00:51:13: RIP: sending v1 update to 255.255.255.255 via Serial1 (192.168.30.1)
00:51:13: RIP: build update entries
r1#
00:51:13: network 10.0.0.0 metric 1
00:51:13: network 20.0.0.0 metric 2
00:51:13: network 192.168.10.0 metric 1
r1#
00:51:31: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1, changed state to down
00:51:32: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial1, changed state to down
r1#
00:51:33: RIP: sending v1 flash update to 255.255.255.255 via Loopback1 (10.0.0.1)
00:51:33: RIP: build flash update entries
00:51:33: network 30.0.0.0 metric 16
00:51:33: network 192.168.30.0 metric 16
00:51:33: RIP: sending v1 flash update to 255.255.255.255 via Serial0 (192.168.10.1)
00:51:33: RIP: build flash update entries
00:51:33: network 30.0.0.0 metric 16
00:51:33: network 192.168.30.0 metric 16
00:51:33: RIP: received v1 update from 192.168.10.2 on Serial0
00:51:33: 30.0.0.0 in 16 hops (inaccessible)
00:51:33: 192.168.20.0 in 16 hops (inaccessible)
00:51:33: 192.168.30.0 in 16 hops (inaccessible)
r1#
Trong trng hp c mt netID no thay i trng thi t UP sang DOWN th RIP s update vi metric=16.
DYNAMIC ROUTING PROTOCOL IGRP:IGRP c mt s c im khc so vi RIP, tuy nhin vic cu hnh v nguyn l hot ng ca chng l gn ging nhau. im khc bit l cch tnh metric ca IGRP da trn Bandwidth v delay ch khng c tnh bng hop count nh RIP. c im na l IGRP c kh nng load balance unequal.S v a ch IP address c cu hnh ging nh RIP
S ni dy v a ch IPTrong lab ny yu cu bn thc hin trc cc cu lnh trong phn XA CU HNH ROUTER trang 19, sau thc hin tip phn TM TT trang17. Lu khi t s IP ADD theo s . Hn ch tham kho ti liu trong khi thc hin cc lnh c.Cu hnh IGRP ti R1:r1(config)#router igrp 10
r1(config-router)#net 192.168.10.0
r1(config-router)#net 192.168.30.0
r1(config-router)#net 10.0.0.0
r1(config-router)#end
r1#
Cu hnh IGRP ti R2:
r2(config)#router igrp 10
r2(config-router)#net 192.168.10.0
r2(config-router)#net 192.168.20.0
r2(config-router)#net 20.0.0.0
r2(config-router)#end
r2#
Cu hnh IGRP ti R3:
r3(config)#router igrp 10
r3(config-router)#net 192.168.20.0
r3(config-router)#net 192.168.30.0
r3(config-router)#net 30.0.0.0
r3(config-router)#end
r3#
Lu : s AS trn cc router phi ging nhau.Routing table ti R1:r1#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.168.30.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1
I 20.0.0.0/8 [100/8976] via 192.168.10.2, 00:00:56, Serial0
C 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0
I 192.168.20.0/24 [100/10476] via 192.168.10.2, 00:00:56, Serial0
[100/10476] via 192.168.30.2, 00:01:11, Serial1
C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Loopback1
I 30.0.0.0/8 [100/8976] via 192.168.30.2, 00:01:11, Serial1
Routing table ti R2:
r2#sh route
Gateway of last resort is not set
I 192.168.30.0/24 [100/10476] via 192.168.10.1, 00:00:52, Serial0
[100/10476] via 192.168.20.2, 00:01:20, Serial1
C 20.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Loopback1
C 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0
C 192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1
I 10.0.0.0/8 [100/8976] via 192.168.10.1, 00:00:52, Serial0
I 30.0.0.0/8 [100/8976] via 192.168.20.2, 00:01:20, Serial1
Routing table ti R3:
r3#sh ip route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.168.30.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1
I 20.0.0.0/8 [100/8976] via 192.168.20.1, 00:01:10, Serial0
I 192.168.10.0/24 [100/10476] via 192.168.20.1, 00:01:10, Serial0
[100/10476] via 192.168.30.1, 00:00:57, Serial1
C 192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0
I 10.0.0.0/8 [100/8976] via 192.168.30.1, 00:00:57, Serial1
30.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
Xem c 3 bng routing ta nhn xt thy IGRP load balance equal. By gi thay i tham s bandwidth v delay s nh hng n metric ca c 3 router.
Thay i bandwidth v delay ca R1r1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
r1(config)#int s 0
r1(config-if)#band 128
r1(config-if)#delay 2000
r1(config-if)#int s 1
r1(config-if)#band 64
r1(config-if)#delay 4000
r1(config-if)#end
r1#
r1#cle ip route * //dng refresh routing table
Tng t cho R2 v R3.
Bng routing mi nh sau:
r1#sh ip route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.168.30.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1
I 20.0.0.0/8 [100/80625] via 192.168.10.2, 00:00:15, Serial0
C 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0
I 192.168.20.0/24 [100/84125] via 192.168.10.2, 00:00:15, Serial0
C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Loopback1
I 30.0.0.0/8 [100/84625] via 192.168.10.2, 00:00:15, Serial0
r2#sh ip route
Gateway of last resort is not set
I 192.168.30.0/24 [100/84125] via 192.168.20.2, 00:00:24, Serial1
C 20.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Loopback1
C 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0
C 192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1
I 10.0.0.0/8 [100/80625] via 192.168.10.1, 00:00:25, Serial0
I 30.0.0.0/8 [100/4656] via 192.168.20.2, 00:00:24, Serial1
r3#sh ip route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.168.30.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1
I 20.0.0.0/8 [100/82625] via 192.168.30.1, 00:00:30, Serial1
I 192.168.10.0/24 [100/82125] via 192.168.30.1, 00:00:30, Serial1
C 192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0
I 10.0.0.0/8 [100/80625] via 192.168.30.1, 00:00:30, Serial1
30.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 30.0.0.0 is directly connected, Loopback1
Vy c 3 bng routing u khng cn cc ng load balance. Default IGRP ch load balance equal. Mun IGRP load balance unequal phi t tham s VARIANCEt variance trn R1:r1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
r1(config)#router igrp 10
r1(config-router)#variance 128
r1(config-router)#end
r1#
Tng t cho R2 v R3
Cc bng routing mi sau khi thm tham s VARIANCE nh sau:
r1#sh ip route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.168.30.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1
I 20.0.0.0/8 [100/80625] via 192.168.10.2, 00:00:48, Serial0
C 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0
I 192.168.20.0/24 [100/84125] via 192.168.10.2, 00:00:48, Serial0
C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Loopback1
I 30.0.0.0/8 [100/84625] via 192.168.10.2, 00:00:48, Serial0
[100/160750] via 192.168.30.2, 00:00:31, Serial1
r1#
r2#sh ip route
Gateway of last resort is not set
I 192.168.30.0/24 [100/84125] via 192.168.20.2, 00:00:37, Serial1
C 20.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Loopback1
C 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0
C 192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1
I 10.0.0.0/8 [100/80625] via 192.168.10.1, 00:00:40, Serial0
I 30.0.0.0/8 [100/4656] via 192.168.20.2, 00:00:37, Serial1
r2#
r3#sh ip route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.168.30.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1
I 20.0.0.0/8 [100/82625] via 192.168.30.1, 00:00:46, Serial1
[100/160750] via 192.168.20.1, 00:01:00, Serial0
I 192.168.10.0/24 [100/82125] via 192.168.30.1, 00:00:46, Serial1
[100/162250] via 192.168.20.1, 00:01:00, Serial0
C 192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0
I 10.0.0.0/8 [100/80625] via 192.168.30.1, 00:00:46, Serial1
30.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 30.0.0.0 is directly connected, Loopback1
r3#
Vy nhn thy routing table mi c metric ln hn routing table c v gim bandwidth, tng delay. ng thi xut hin cc ng load balance unequal (vi metric khc nhau).
Kim tra cu hnh routing trn R1r1#sh ip protocol
Sending updates every 90 seconds, next due in 57 seconds
Invalid after 270 seconds, hold down 280, flushed after 630
Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is
Default networks flagged in outgoing updates
Default networks accepted from incoming updates
IGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0
IGRP maximum hopcount 100
IGRP maximum metric variance 1
Redistributing: igrp 10
Routing for Networks:
10.0.0.0
192.168.10.0
192.168.30.0
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway Distance Last Update
192.168.10.2 100 00:00:33
192.168.30.2 100 00:00:49
Distance: (default is 100)
Qu trnh update ca IGRP:
r1#debug ip igrp trans
IGRP protocol debugging is on
r1#
02:48:59: IGRP: received update from 192.168.30.2 on Serial1
02:48:59: network 192.168.20.0, metric 164250 (neighbor 160250)
02:48:59: network 30.0.0.0, metric 160750 (neighbor 501)
r1#
02:49:11: IGRP: received update from 192.168.10.2 on Serial0
02:49:11: network 192.168.30.0, metric 86125 (neighbor 84125)
02:49:11: network 20.0.0.0, metric 80625 (neighbor 501)
02:49:11: network 192.168.20.0, metric 84125 (neighbor 4156)
02:49:11: network 30.0.0.0, metric 84625 (neighbor 4656)
r1#
02:49:42: network 192.168.30.0, metric=160250
02:49:42: network 10.0.0.0, metric=501
02:49:42: IGRP: sending update to 255.255.255.255 via Serial1 (192.168.30.1)
02:49:42: network 20.0.0.0, metric=80625
02:49:42: network 192.168.10.0, metric=80125
r1#
02:49:42: network 192.168.20.0, metric=84125
02:49:42: network 10.0.0.0, metric=501
r1#
02:50:34: IGRP: received update from 192.168.10.2 on Serial0
02:50:34: network 192.168.30.0, metric 4294967295 (inaccessible)
02:50:34: network 20.0.0.0, metric 80625 (neighbor 501)
02:50:34: network 192.168.20.0, metric 4294967295 (inaccessible)
02:50:34: network 30.0.0.0, metric 4294967295 (inaccessible)
02:50:34: IGRP: edition is now 10
02:50:34: IGRP: sending update to 255.255.255.255 via Loopback1 (10.0.0.1)
02:50:34: network 192.168.30.0, metric=160250
02:50:34: network 20.0.0.0, metric=80625
02:50:34: network 192.168.10.0, metric=80125
02:50:34: network 192.168.20.0, metric=4294967295
02:50:34: network 30.0.0.0, metric=160750
02:50:34: IGRP: sending update to 255.255.255.255 via Serial0 (192.168.10.1)
02:50:34: network 192.168.30.0, metric=160250
02:50:34: network 192.168.20.0, metric=4294967295
02:50:34: network 10.0.0.0, metric=501
02:50:34: network 30.0.0.0, metric=160750
r1#no debug all
All possible debugging has been turned off
r1#
Khi c mt netID no chuyn trng thi DOWN, IGRP update vi metric 4294967295 l maximum metric ca IGRP.BI TP ROUTING PROTOCOL RIP V IGRP
S ni dy v a ch IPTrong lab ny yu cu bn thc hin trc cc cu lnh trong phn XA CU HNH ROUTER trang 19, sau thc hin tip phn TM TT trang17. Lu khi t s IP ADD theo s . Hn ch tham kho ti liu trong khi thc hin cc lnh c.A. Cu Hnh Cc Router Trong S Bng RIP Vi Yu Cu Sau: Tt c cc router u ping c tt c cc a ch loopback ca cc router cn li.
Cc router R1, R2, R3 khng c cc route loadbalance.
Thi gian update l 60s 240s 240s 360s
B. Cu Hnh Thm Cc Router Trong S Bng IGRP Vi Yu Cu Sau: Tt c cc router u ping c tt c cc a ch loopback ca cc router cn li.
iu chnh tham s:S0R1---S0R2
bandwidth = 64K bps,
delay = 20000
S1R1---S1R3
bandwidth = 128K bps,delay = 10000
S1R2---S0R3
bandwidth = 256K bps,delay = 8000 Cu hnh sao cho cc router loadbalance unequal pathC.Yu Cu Thm Trong Trng Hp Cn Thi Gian:
Gii thch ti sao ti router R1 khng thy c cc subnet ca cc int LOOP trn cc router khc (R2, R3). Tng t i vi R2 v R3.
Gii thch ti sao hin ti mi router ang chy 2 protocol RIP v IGRP nhng ti sao trn routing table ch c cc routes hc c bng IGRP.
Thc hin cu hnh thm cho RIP sao cho tt c cc router u dng RIP routing, ch l khng tt IGRP. Phn tch hot ng ca classfull routing protocol.
DYNAMIC ROUTING PROTOCOL EIGRP:EIGRP l protocol c pht trin da trn IGRP do n c cc c tnh ca IGRP l cch tnh metric v loadbalance unequal cng nh support multi protocol.im khc bit l EIGRP h tr VLSM v l loi classless routing protocol.
Cc cu lnh cu hnh EIGRP ging vi IGRP, c mt s khc bit s phn tch sau.
S ni dy v a ch IPTrong lab ny yu cu bn thc hin trc cc cu lnh trong phn XA CU HNH ROUTER trang 19, sau thc hin tip phn TM TT trang17. Lu khi t s IP ADD theo s . Hn ch tham kho ti liu trong khi thc hin cc lnh c.Cu hnh a ch IP ADD ca cc int ging trong s , cu hnh routing EIGRP cn bn nh sau:
Ti router R1:R1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#int s 0
R1(config-if)#ip add 172.16.0.1 255.255.0.0
R1(config-if)#no shut
R1(config-if)#clo ra 64000
R1(config-if)#int s 1
R1(config-if)#ip add 172.17.0.1 255.255.0.0
R1(config-if)#clo ra 64000
R1(config-if)#no shut
R1(config-if)#
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#router eigrp 10
R1(config-router)#network 172.16.0.0
r1(config-router)#network 172.17.0.0
r1(config-router)#no eigrp log-neighbor-warnings
r1(config-router)#end
r1#
Ti router R2:r2(config)#router eigrp 10
r2(config-router)#network 172.16.0.0
r2(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 //ch nh default netID
r2(config-router)#end
r2#
Ti router R3:
r3(config)#router eigrp 10
r3(config-router)#network 172.17.0.0
r3(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0 //ch nh default netID
r3(config-router)#end
r3#
Routing table ca cc router sau khi cu hnh xong:r1#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 172.17.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial1
C 172.16.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial0
D 192.168.1.0/24 [90/2297856] via 172.16.0.2, 00:00:20, Serial0
D 192.168.2.0/24 [90/2297856] via 172.17.0.2, 00:00:20, Serial1
r2#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M mobile, B BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o ODR
P periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
D 172.17.0.0/16 [90/2681856] via 172.16.0.1, 00:01:08, Serial0
C 1