1. 审标题，通全文，明大意。

首先，对于有标题的阅读材料，务必要先审标题，从标题

中我们可以想像材料的内容和走向，有助于对材料的理解。其

次，一定要学会用扫描式快速阅读法来通读全文，对那些无关

紧要的地方可一扫而过， 在关键之处要适当放慢速度加以思考，

重在初步了解阅读材料的主旨大意。

2. 读问题，精复读，断答案。

初步了解了阅读材料的主旨大意之后， 要认真阅读问

题，明确考查角度，有的放矢地进行复读、精读，以提高

解题效率和准确性。

常见题型的解题思路与技巧：

(1)事实细节题

事实细节题属表层理解范畴，答案一般都能在原文中

直接找到，因此难度系数较小。该类问题往往以what, who,

which, when, where, why, how等词提出，是对文中某句、某

段或某一具体细节所作的提问。此类问题我们只需看准题

目要求，带着问题在原文中找到相关细节，便可迅速找到

正确答案。

利用题目的关键词去寻找文中对应词，

在对应词周围找答案。

［范例］Web language is popular. Today more and more

Chinglish words are used by Chinese, especially the young

Chinese.

One example is“antizen”, an antizen is a college

graduate(毕业生) who makes less money and lives in a small

apartment, like a tiny and hard-working ant.

［问题］Who like to use Chinglish?

A. All the Chinese. B. The young Chinese.

C. The antizens. D. The college students.

根据题干内容，在原文中搜索选择项，

对号入座。

（青岛中考）

［范例］Here’s an interview to a pilot about his life.

(R=Reporter; P=Pilot)

R: How much time do pilots actually spend flying a plane?

P: It varies (WES’J) from about 20 minutes on some

domestic (国内的 ) flights to as much as 18 hours on

international flights. It all depends on whether the flight is a

short-or long-haul flight.

R: Do pilots take breaks during flights or do

they fly the whole time?

P: Yes, we take breaks during long-haul flights. Airlines

assign (指派) three or four pilots to long flights. We take

turns flying the plane.

R: If pilots are traveling all the time, how do they deal with

jet lag (时差)?

P: Jet lag is annoying for almost all pilots. I try to go to sleep

as I would at home.

R: How important is it to know the weight and size of the

plane you are flying?

P: It is very important. We weigh almost everything put into

the airplane and make estimates (估计) according to the

number of people on each flight.

R: Do pilots eat the airplane food?

P: Yes, we eat business class food! Airplane food changes

every season and is very delicious if you don’t hate eating

lobster (龙虾) every day! The pilots on the same plane are

supposed to make different meal choices so that if one of the

dishes causes food poisoning, only one of them will be sick.

That way, at least one pilot will always be well enough to fly

the plane!

［问题］What question doesn’t the reporter ask

in the interview?

A. How to keep passengers safe?

B. How long do pilots actually spend flying a plane?

C. How to deal with jet lag?

D. How to take breaks during flying?

（2）推理判断题

该题型考查学生通过文章表层信息推测其隐含信息的能

力，要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确

的推理判断。该类题虽然在原文中不能直接找到答案，但是

有间接的暗示和线索，切记它不是读者本人的看法或观点。

根据文中某个词、句子或段落进行推理。

［范例］One day a young man walked into a pet shop

and said to the shop assistant, “Could I have two mice and

about twenty roaches (蟑螂)? ”

“Why do you need these things? ” the shop assistant was

very surprised.

“Well, ” answered the young man, “I’m moving out of

my apartment (公寓) and the landlord (房东) said that I

should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I

found it. ”

［问题］From the passage we know the apartment may be

_______ before the young man moved into it.

A. very clean

B. just cleaned by the landlord

C. tidy and comfortable

D. dirty and full of insects (昆虫)

根据作者的语气、论调和倾向进行推断。

［范例］Bill: Do I have to take the test?

Teacher: Do you want to pass the course?

［问题］What did the teacher mean?

A. Bill must study to pass.

B. Bill won’t pass unless he takes the test.

C. Bill needn’t take the test.

D. Bill may miss the test.

（3）词义猜测类

该题型主要考查考生通过上下文去判断词义。词义题的

考查有两种：一种是超纲词含义的推断，另一种是熟词生义

的推断。

根据前后的比较对照关系、对它的定义、

重述以及举例等进行猜测。

［范例］Do you have any foreign friends? Do you know

their characteristics(特征)?

The Germans are very quiet and they always keep calm.

They don’t like to speak more words. They look very serious.

They like different kinds of amusements. The Germans are

very hard-working. They like tidiness, especially the women,

who always keep their home clean.

［问题］What does the underlined word “tidiness” mean in

Chinese?

A. 整洁 B. 沉默的 C. 文静 D. 孤独的

【解析】选A。一方面，由下文“especially the women, who

always keep their home clean. ”可知他们爱整洁、爱干净；

另一方面，从句法结构上看tidiness作like的宾语，不可能是

形容词；再者，-ness是名词词缀，故选A。

利用同义词、同位语以及构词法等进行猜测。

（沈阳中考）

［范例］If you’re into sports, you’ve seen it happen—

tennis players jump over the net to shake hands after a hard

match; football players exchange jerseys（运动衣） after

ninety minutes of knocking each other around; even boxers

touch gloves at the beginning of each round. Players in every

event, from spelling bees to golf（高尔夫球），act in this way.

It’s all part of sportsmanship（体育精神），a great tradition

in sports and competition. It means playing and being calm all

through the match.

［问题］The underlined word “bees” in the passage

means _______.

A. fly B. competition

C. guess D. research

【解析】选B。把spelling bees，golf分别与下文的sports，

competition对应起来，很容易猜到bees和competition是同

义词。

(4)数字推算类

该题型要求学生根据文章提供的数据及内在的关系作

出简单的计算和推断。

理清有关数字的关系，列出数学算式。

［范例］You may know about “junk food” like French

fries. But do you know about “junk sleep”?

Recently, a British survey found that electronic(电子的)

products in teenagers’ bedrooms are affecting(影响)their

sleep.

The survey was done among 1, 000 British kids from 12

to 16. It found that 30 percent of them got just 4 to 7 hours’

sleep every day. But doctors say they need 8 to 9 hours.

. . . . . .

技巧技巧

［问题］_______ of the children in the survey sleep only 4 to 7

hours a day.

A. 200 B. 300

C. 500 D. 1, 000

【解析】选B。根据文章的第三段第一、二句我们可以作这样

一个简单的计算：1000 × 30%=300，故答案为B。

（5）主旨大意类

该类题型在历年中考出现的频率也很高，难度系数较大。

它考查了考生综合、概括、归纳和分析问题的能力，要求考

生通过对文章的阅读，迅速把握文章或段落的主题中心。

从英语文章中出现主旨大意最频繁的位

置——首尾句去找。

（泰安中考）

［范例］A group of people asked this

question to a group 4-to-8-year-old

children. “What does love mean? ” The

answers were surprising. The children

would answer like they did below.

“When my grandmother hurt her knees (膝盖), she

couldn’t bend (弯腰) over and paint her toenails (脚指甲) any

more. So my grandfather does it for her all the time, even

when his hands hurt too. That’s love. ”

Rebecca-age 8

“Love is when someone hurts you. And you get so mad

but you don’t shout at them because you know it would hurt

their feelings. ”

Samantha-age 6

“Love is what makes you smile when you’re tired. ”

Terri-age 4

“I let my big sister pick on (捉弄) me because my mum says she

only picks on me because she loves me. So I pick on my baby sister

because I love her. ”

Bethany-age 4

“I know my older sister loves me because she gives me all her old

clothes and has to go out and buy new clothes. ”

Lauren-age 4

“Love is when Mommy gives Daddy the best piece of

chicken. ”

Elaine-age 5

“My mommy loves me more than anybody. You don’t see

anyone else kissing me to sleep at night. ”

Clear-age 5

“You really shouldn’t say ‘I love you’ unless you mean it.

But if you mean it, you should say it a lot. People forget. ”

Jessica-age 8

［问题］The passage mainly tells us about _______.

A. what “life” means to children

B. what “family” means to children

C. what “friends” means to children

D. what “love” means to children

【解析】选D。主旨大意题。在文章第二句“What does love

mean? ”我们就能找到文章的主旨，据此可足以判断选D。

通过全文主要内容，总结作者写作意图。

［范例］Foolish(silly) Freddie lived in a small village. The

people of the village laughed at him. They liked to show visitors

how silly Freddie was. They thought this was a funny thing to do.

One day, a visitor came to the village.

“Watch this, ” a villager said, and called to Freddie. “Come

and play a game, Freddie, ” he shouted. Freddie walked slowly

towards him, a silly smile on his face.

“Look! Freddie, ”the villager said, “I’ve got something for

you. ” He showed Freddie a dollar coin and a much larger 50-cent

coin. “Which would you like? ” he asked Freddie.

Freddie took the 50-cent coin at once.

The villager laughed. “See how foolish he is, ” he said.

“He always does that. He’s too silly to learn anything. ” He

walked away, leaving Freddie with the visitor.

The visitor felt sorry for Freddie and said to him,

“Although the 50-cent coin is bigger than the＄1 coin, the＄

1 coin is worth(值) much more. Two times as much. ”

“I know that, ” Freddie said. “But once I take the＄1

coin, they’ll stop playing the game. ”

［问题］The best title for the passage should be _______.

A. Clever Villagers

B. “Foolish” Freddie

C. Freddie and a Visitor

D. A Visitor and the Villagers

【解析】选B。通读故事可知：弗雷迪一点也不傻，他表面上装

傻，是为了可以继续做这样的游戏。

考点一 判断正误型阅读理解

判断正误型阅读理解题仍将以文章细节设题为主，以推理判

断为辅，重在考查学生识别文章信息的能力。近年来，该题型主

要集中在黑龙江、吉林、青海、陕西、山东、四川、云南、福建

等省市。预计2013年判断正误型阅读理解仍将是非主流题型，区

域性特色明显。

根据短文内容，判断下列句子的正误，正确的用“T”，错误

的用“F”。

（2012·福州中考）

A farmer’s dog, Dolly, had puppies (小狗 ), and the

farmer needed to sell them. He painted a sign and put it in his

yard. As he was putting up the sign, a little boy walked up to

him.

“Sir, ” he said, “I want to buy one of your dogs. ”

“Well, ” said the farmer, “these dogs are very expensive. ”

“Can I just look? ” asked the boy.

“Sure, ” said the farmer and whistled (吹口哨). “Here,

Dolly! ” he called.

Dolly ran out from the doghouse and four little dogs

followed her. The boy became excited. Then, the little boy

noticed another dog. This one was smaller. It moved slowly

and tried to catch up with the others.

“I want that one, ” the boy said, pointing to the little dog.

The farmer said, “Son, you don’t want that dog. He will

never be able to run and play with you like these other dogs. ”

The little boy reached down and rolled up (卷起) one leg

of his trousers. He showed a cast(石膏) on his leg and a

specially made shoe. He said, “You see, sir, I don’t run too well

myself, and he will need someone who understands. ”

The world is full of people who need someone who

understands.

1. Dolly was a mother dog which had four baby dogs.

2. One of the dogs moved slowly probably because its legs

were weak.

3. The farmer advised the boy not to choose the smaller

dog.

4. Nothing was wrong with the boy’s leg.

5. We learn from the story that one should show love and

understanding for the weak.

剖析

本文主要是通过一位腿有残疾、走路不便的孩子买狗时

没看中健康、跑得快的狗，却偏偏看上体形小、走路又慢的

小狗的故事，诠释了一个生活哲理——生活中人们要彼此爱

护、相互理解。

Ⅰ. 词数分析

本文篇幅适中，全文共有202词，其中含有生词（组）4

个（puppies小狗, whistled 吹口哨, rolled up 卷起, cast石

膏）。

Ⅱ. 体裁分析

本文是一篇哲理故事。文章先由一个农夫要卖掉小狗展

开故事，然后详细描述小孩买狗的过程，最后通过孩子的话

语揭示出本文的主题——生活中人们要彼此爱护、相互理解。

Ⅲ. 角度分析

1、2小题是推理判断题，3、4小题是细节理解题，第5小

题是主旨大意题。

Ⅳ. 答案分析

1. 【解析】F。推理判断题。由短文第六段第一句中“. . .

four little dogs followed her. ”及第三、四、五句可知Dolly除

了前面提到的四只小狗之外还有一只体形更小的小狗。故

此处说Dolly有四只小狗是不正确的，它至少有五只才对。

2. 【解析】T。推理判断题。由短文第六段第五句“It

moved slowly and tried to catch up with the others. ”及第八

段中“He will never be able to run and play with you. . . ”可

以推断这只小狗行动缓慢可能是因为它的腿虚弱无力。故

此处说法正确。

3. 【解析】T。细节理解题。由短文第八段中农夫所讲的话

“Son，you don’t want that dog. He will never be able to run

and play with you like these other dogs. ”可知，农夫确实建

议男孩不要选择那只体形小的狗。故此处正确。

4. 【解析】F。细节理解题。由短文第九段第一句和第二句

可知，这个男孩的腿上打着石膏并且穿着特制的鞋，并且后

面男孩说“. . . I don’t run too well myself. . . ”，可以确定他

的腿是有问题的。故此处错误。

5. 【解析】T。主旨大意题。结合短文最后五段，特别是最

后一句话“The world is full of people who need someone

who understands. (这个世界充满了需要别人理解的人。)”，

可以提炼出这篇短文的主旨是号召大家对弱势群体奉献出

爱和理解。故此处主旨归纳是正确的。

考点二 选择型阅读理解

选择型阅读理解是最为流行的一种题型，因为它设题

角度灵活多样，有细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题

以及主旨大意题，能够较客观全面地考查学生的阅读能力。

因此，预计2013年中考选择型阅读理解仍将是主流题型。

同时，文章体裁将更加多样化，选材更加广泛，生活气息、

时代特色更加浓郁。

阅读下列短文，并做每篇短文后面的题目，从各题A、B、C、

D中选出能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案。

（潍坊中考）

Mr. White works in an office. He liked reading in bed

when he was at school. It was bad for his eyes and now he is

near-sighted. But he wouldn’t want anybody else to know

about it and he never wears a pair of glasses. It often brings

him some trouble.

One winter morning he was sent to a village

school on business. He got off a bus at a stop in a small town. Then

he had to walk there. The road to the village wasn’t smooth. There

were stones here and there. He fell over several times and it made

his clothes very dirty. At last he got to the village. Suddenly it began

to blow strongly and it got much colder. His hat was blown off while

he was looking for the school. He had to run after it but he couldn’t

catch it. He was wondering why his hat ran into a house as if it had

legs. And then he ran into the house, too.

A big woman appeared and stopped him by shouting angrily,

“What are you running after my hen for? ”

1. According to the passage, which of the following is true?

A. Mr. White wears a pair of glasses.

B. Mr. White works in a village school.

C. Mr. White likes reading in bed in his office.

D. Mr. White often has some trouble because of his near-sight.

2. What was the weather like when Mr. White was

walking to the village school?

A. It was warm. B. It was windy.

C. It was fine. D. It was cool.

3. Mr. White couldn’t get his hat because _______.

A. his hat had legs

B. his hat was the big woman’s

C. he couldn’t see his hat at all

D. he couldn’t run as fast as his hat

剖析

本文主要叙述了Mr. White近视眼却不想让别人知道，所

以他不戴近视镜，结果闹出了笑话——把母鸡当成了自己的

帽子的故事。

Ⅰ. 词数分析

本文篇幅较短，全文190词左右，其中含有生词（组）3个

（near-sighted近视的；smooth平坦的；blow吹，刮风）。

Ⅱ. 体裁分析

本文属记叙文，话题是“生活趣事”。文章先对故事

的主人公Mr. White做相关介绍，为后面发生的故事作铺垫。

然后作者详细记叙了故事发生的经过。结构清晰，故事交

代详细，读者易懂。

Ⅲ. 角度分析

第1、2小题是细节理解题，第3小题属推理判断题。

Ⅳ. 答案分析

1. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据句子“he never wears a

pair of glasses”可以判断A是错误的；根据句子“One winter

morning he was sent to a village school on business. ”可以判断B

是错误的；根据句子“He liked reading in bed when he was at

school. ”可知他是在上学的时候喜欢躺在床上读书，C是错误的；

根据句子“It often brings him some trouble. ”可以判断D是正确

的。故选D。

2. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段句子“Suddenly

it began to blow strongly and it got much colder. ”可知，天气

是多风的，故选B。

3. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第二段句子“He had to

run after it but he couldn’t catch it. ”我们可以推断出他根本

看不清自己的帽子，而是把母鸡当成帽子了。故选C。

考点三 任务型阅读

任务型阅读理解其题型多样，设题自由开放，内容广泛。

它不仅能考查学生的阅读理解能力，还能考查学生的语言组织

能力、单词拼写能力、英汉互译能力以及其他语言知识，较好

地呼应了新课标所倡导的“任务型语言教学”模式。因此，预

计2013年中考将有越来越多的省市采用此题型。

阅读短文，并按要求完成1～5题。

（河北中考）

Several Asian hospitals are doing experiments with tele-

medicine. Tele-medicine is a technology that allows doctors to

“see” patients without them being in the same place. This is

made possible through high-speed communication networks

(网络). At both ends of the line, the way of video-meeting lets

them see and talk to each other. Blood pressure (血压) and

body temperature are directly shown on computers.

Tele-medicine is already in wide use in some places such as the

United States and Germany. Among other uses, village doctors hold

“consultations (会诊)” with far-away experts(专家). The experts can

also help them during operations.

Tele-medicine has been slow to reach Asia because of high costs,

besides other reasons. When things improve, this technology will

develop very fast. Chinese University of Hong Kong’s medical

school has joined a big hospital in Beijing, and Thailand is building a

tele-medicine station connecting 20 areas.

Tele-medicine will do good to patients because doctors

from different places can see them and give their medical

advice. The help is quite important if the disease is an unusual

one. It also helps spread medical knowledge among experts.

As tele-medicine develops well, its costs will be lower and

it will become very popular in the medical field.

1题判断正误（“T”表示正确，“F”表示错误）；2题完

成句子；3、4题简略回答问题；5题将文中画线句子译成汉语。

1. Tele-medicine is already in wide use in some countries. ( )

2. Tele-medicine allows _______ without them being in the

same place.

3. Why does tele-medicine develop slowly in Asia besides other

reasons?

____________________________________________________

4. What is Thailand doing according to the passage?

___________________________________________________

5. _________________________________________________

剖析

本文主要介绍了什么是远程医疗、远程医疗在欧美的运

用、远程医疗在亚洲的发展及其前景。

Ⅰ. 词数分析

本文篇幅适中，全文210词左右，其中含有生词（组）4

个（tele-medicine远程医疗；network网络；blood pressure血

压；consultation会诊)。

Ⅱ. 体裁分析

本文属说明文，话题是“远程医疗”。文章包括三部

分，首先以报道亚洲几家医院做远程医疗实验开篇，先向

读者介绍了什么是远程医疗； 接着介绍远程医疗在世界某

些地区（如欧美）的广泛使用；最后介绍远程医疗在亚洲

起步较晚的原因、初步发展及其前景。

Ⅲ. 角度分析

第1、2、3、4小题是细节理解题；第5小题是理解翻译

题。

Ⅳ. 答案分析

1. 【解析】T。由第二段第一句话可知此句是正确的。

2. 【解析】doctors to “see”/see patients。由“Tele-medicine is

a technology that allows. . . same place. ”可知：可以转换成

doctors to “see”/see patients。

3. 【解析】Because of high costs. /High costs. 由第三段的第一

句话可知：因为高成本, 远程医疗在亚洲发展很慢。

4. 【解析】Thailand is building a tele-medicine station

connecting 20 areas. /Building a tele-medicine station

connecting 20 areas. 由第三段的最后一句话可知。

5. 当条件好转的时候，这项技术将会快速地发展。