Cây mù u

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TRNG I HC CN THKHOA KHOA HC

B MN HA

LUN VN TT NGHIP I HC

BC U TM HIU THNH PHNHA HC CA NHA T DU CY M U

(Calophyllum inophyllum L.)

CN B HNG DN SINH VIN THC HIN

Ths. Th M Linh L Minh Vng - 2052021

Lp: C Nhn Ha K31

Cn Th, thng 05/2009

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Lun vn tt nghip CBHD: Th M Linh

SVTH: L Minh Vng i

LI CM N

Sau thi gian hc tp v rn luyn di mi trng i Hc Cn Th, em

c hc hi rt nhiu kin thc v nhng kinh nghim qu bu. cng l

nh cng n ca qu thy c dy d v truyn t nhng kin thc y cho em,

gip em c c nhng hnh trang cn thit vng tin trn con ng lp

nghip sau ny.

Em xin gi li cm n chn thnh n tt c qu thy c b mn Ha

Hc, khoa Khoa Hc, trng i Hc Cn Th.

c bit, em xin gi li cm n chn thnh v su sc nht n c ThM Linh, ngi dc ht lng nhit tnh v s tn tm ca mnh gip em

hon thnh tt ti lun vn tt nghip.

Em xin chn thnh cm n qu thy c b mn Mi Trng Khoa Mi

Trng v Ti Nguyn Thin Nhin, trng i Hc Cn Th to iu kin

thun li gip em hon thnh ti ny.

ng thi, con xin by t lng bit n su sc i vi gia nh nhng

ngi lun bn con, ng vin v gip con trong sut thi gian thc hin lun

vn tt nghip.

Ngoi ra, ti xin cm n cc bn ca ti, cc bn gip ti trong sut

thi gian qua.

Xin chn thnh cm n!

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SVTH: L Minh Vng ii

TRNG I HC CN TH CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAMKHOA KHOA HC c lp T do Hnh phcB MN HA HC

NHN XT NH GI CA CN B HNG DN

1. Cn b hng dn: ThS. Th M Linh2. ti: Bc u tm hiu thnh phn ha hc ca nha t du cy m u

(Calophyllum inophyllum L.)3. Sinh vin thc hin: L Minh Vng MSSV: 20520214. Lp: C nhn ha hc. Kha 315. Ni dung nhn xt:

a. Nhn xt v hnh thc ca lun vn tt nghip.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................b. Nhn xt v ni dung ca lun vn tt nghip ( ngh ghi chi tit y ) nh gi ni dung thc hin ca ti:

...............................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................Nhng vn cn hn ch:

...............................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................c. Nhn xt i vi tng sinh vin tham gia thc hin ti (ghi r tng ni

dung chnh do sinh vin no chu trch nhim thc hin nu c):.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

d. Kt lun, ngh v im:.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Cn Th, ngy thng nm 2009Cn b hng dn

Th M Linh

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SVTH: L Minh Vng iii

MC LC

PHN I: TNG QUAN..................................................................................................1Chng 1: M U...................................................................................................2

Chng 2: TNG QUAN V CY M U ...............................................................3

2.1. GII THIU CHUNG V CY M U[1,2,4,10,11,15] ..................................... 4

2.1.1. Ngun gc cy m u ................................................................................... 4

2.1.2. Danh php v phn loi............................................................................... 4

Tn khoa hc: Calophyllum inophyllum L............................................................ 4

2.1.3. c im thc vt....................................................................................... 5

2.1.4. Sinh thi v phn b.................................................................................... 6

2.1.5. Cng dng [1,6,7] ......................................................................................... 6

2.1.6. Cc bi thuc dn gian s dng m u [25] .................................................. 7

2.1.8. Hnh nh v cy m u ................................................................................. 8

2.2. THNH PHN HA HC CA CY M U ................................................ 9

2 .2.1. Thnh phn ha hc ca l[9,14,16,18,19,20]................................................ 9

2.2.2. Thnh phn ha hc ca thn cy [17] ........................................................ 9

2.2.2.1. Thnh phn ha hc ca li cy.......................................................... 9

2.2.2.2. Thnh phn ha hc ca g cy (timber)........................................... 10

2.2.2.3. Thnh phn ha hc ca v cy......................................................... 10

2.2.3. Thnh phn ha hc ca v r [21] ........................................................... 10

2.2.4. Thnh phn ha hc ca du th[2,9,10] ...................................................11

2.2.4.1. Friedelin .......................................................................................... 11

2.2.4.2. Cc dn xut ca coumarin............................................................. 11

2.2.4.3. Nhm Xanthone.............................................................................. 12

2.2.4.4. Cc acid bo, glycerides, sterols v ba nhm lipid......................... 13

2.2.4.5. Ngoi ra, du m u cn cha cc tnh cht terpenic, benzoic, v

oxibenzoic acid, mt phn nh vitamin F....................................................... 15

2.3. TNH CHT VT L V HA HC CA DU M U [2] ....................... 15

2.4. TC DNG CA CC CHT C TRONG DU M U [2] ....................... 15

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SVTH: L Minh Vng iv

2.4.1. Cc dn xut ca coumarin....................................................................... 15

2.4.2. Nhm Xanthone:....................................................................................... 16

2.4.3. Friedelin .................................................................................................... 16

2.4.4. Cc acid bo.............................................................................................. 16

2.5. TC DNG DC L CA DU M U [2,7,22,23,25,27,28]........................ 16

2.5.1. c tnh..................................................................................................... 16

2.5.2. Tc dng ca du m u i vi c th ...................................................... 17

2.5.3. ng dng ca du m u ............................................................................ 17

2.6. GI TR KINH T CA DU M U ....................................................... 18

Chng 3: PHNG PHP CHIT XUT [1] .............................................................. 19

3.1. C S CA PHNG PHP CHIT .......................................................... 19

3.2. YU CU CA DUNG MI KHI CHIT.................................................... 19

3.3. CC PHNG PHP CHIT XUT ........................................................... 20

3.3.1. Chit bng phng php ngm kit (Percolation) .................................... 21

3.3.2. Chit bng phng php ngm dm(Maceration) .................................... 21

3..3.3. Chit bng phng php ngm kit ngc dng..................................... 21

3.3.4. Chit bng Soxhlet .................................................................................... 22

3.3.5. Chit bng cch un hon lu................................................................... 22

3.3.6. Chit bng phng php li cun hi nc.............................................. 23

Chng 4: PHNG PHP SC K CT[1]................................................................ 24

4.1. SC K CT [4] ............................................................................................ 24

4.1.1 Nguyn tc ................................................................................................. 24

4.2. K THUT TRIN KHAI ............................................................................. 25

4.2.1. Chun b ct .............................................................................................. 25

4.2.2. a cht phn tch vo ct........................................................................ 26

4.2.3. Ra ct - cn c gi l gii ly cht ra khi ct ..................................... 27

Chng 5: QUY TRNH C LP CC CHT T HT TRI M U.............29

5.1. QUY TRNH THAM KHO 1[6] ................................................................... 29

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SVTH: L Minh Vng v

5.1. QUY TRNH THAM KHO 2[21].................................................................. 31

5.3. QUY TRNH THAM KHO 3[3] ................................................................... 33

PHN II: THC NGHIM ........................................................................................35

Chng 1: PHNG TIN V PHNG PHP NGHIN CU....................36

1.1. PHNG TIN............................................................................................... 36

1.2. PHNG PHP NGHIN CU ................................................................... 36

1.2.1. Phng php tch chit............................................................................. 36

1.2.2. Phn lp cc cu t hu c....................................................................... 36

1.2.3. nh tnh .................................................................................................. 37

1.2.4. Xc nh cu trc ...................................................................................... 37

1.2.5. Quy trnh thc nghim chit tch v c lp cc hp cht hu c ca nha t

du m u.............................................................................................................. 38

Chng 2: THC NGHIM ..................................................................................41

2.1. IU CH NHA T DU TH................................................................. 41

2.2. NH TNH CAO ETHNOL S B BNG SC K BNG MNG ........ 41

2.3. QU TRNH IU CH COUMARIN T CAO ETHANOL ..................... 41

2.4. SC K CT LN MT CAO BENZENE........................................... 43

2.5. SC K CT LN 2 PHN ON C ...................................................45

2.6. QU TRNH KT TINH V LM SCH ............................................... 47

PHN III: KT QU V THO LUN .................................................................... 49

KHO ST CHT THU C SAU QU TRNH C LP ...........................50

3.1. PHNG PHP ............................................................................................. 50

3.2. KT QU ........................................................................................................ 50

PHN IV: KT LUN V KIN NGH.....................................................................53

4.1.KT LUN....................................................................................................... 54

4.2.KIN NGH...................................................................................................... 54

PH LC...................................................................................................................55

TI LIU THAM KHO........................................................................................56

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SVTH: L Minh Vng vi

MC LC HNHHnh 1.1.1. Cy m u [16] ....................................................................................3Hnh 1.1.2. Cy m u v tri .................................................................................4

Hnh 1.1.4. Hoa m u [4] ......................................................................................8

Hnh 1.1.5. Cc cng nhn ang tch v tri m u ly nhn p du [5] ..........8

Hnh 1.1.6. Chit xut tinh du m u theo tiu chun Organic xng ca cng ty

Chuyn Thin Nhin [5] ........................................................................................8

Hnh 2.1. Sc k bng mng cao ethanol vi h gii ly Benzene/EtOAc (9:1)..41

Hnh 2.2. Sc k bng mng cao benzene vi h dung mi gii ly Benzene/EtOAc(9:1)......................................................................................................................44

Hnh 2.3. Sc k ct cao benzene........................................................................44

Hnh 2.4. Sc k bng mng phn on C vi h dung mi gii ly

Benzene/EtOAc (2:1)...........................................................................................46

Hnh 2.5. H dung mi n-hexane/EtOAc(2:1) ....................................................48

Hnh 2.6. H dung mi PE/EtOAc(2:1) ..............................................................48

Hnh 2.7. H dung mi .......................................................................................48

Hnh 2.8. Sc k lp mng cht A vi 3 h dung mi khc nhau......................48

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SVTH: L Minh Vng vii

MC LC BNG

Bng 2.1. Ba nhm lipid chnh c trong du m u .............................................14Bng 2.2. Cc thnh phn chnh c trong cc acid bo du m u....................45

Bng 2.1. Kt qu sc k ct cao benzene ..........................................................45

Bng 2.1. Kt qu sc k ct phn on C..........................................................47

Bng 3.1. Kt qu o ph IR ...............................................................................51

Bng 3.2. Kt qu o ph IR hp cht Calophylloid cng b.......................51

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SVTH: L Minh Vng 1

PHN I

TNG QUAN

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SVTH: L Minh Vng 2

Chng 1: M U

T hng nghn nm trc cy m u c bit n vi nhng cng dng

v ng dng thc tin phong ph trong mi lnh vc v i sng ca con ngi.

Ngoi cht lng g tt cy m u cn c xem nh mt ngun ti nguyn cy

thuc qu m thin nhin ban tng cho loi ngi. Tt c cc b phn ca cy

m u t l, thn, r, tri, thm ch l b ca tri sau khi p ly du u c

tc dng dc l.

T xa, ngi Tahiti sm khm ph ra nhng ht m u kh c cha

du v tm cch ly trch dng vo vic sn sc, bo v da chng li cc tc

nhn gy tn hi nh nh nng, m cao, gi bin.Qua kinh nghim thc t, du m u tr thnh phng thuc v m

phm dn gian chm sc bo v da, l sn phm thin nhin gip chng nng v

lm m da. Vi nhng tc dng y, ngi ta ch bo v cy m u, thu hi

ht v xem l mn qu tng qu gi ca thin nhin. Ph n Tahiti dng du

m u hng ngy nh cht lm m da, lm m phm bi ln mt v thn th.

Vit Nam ngi dn cn s dng tri m u c phi kh v dng bng

gn qun li lm nhng ngn uc trong cng vic ng n vo ban m.

Qua nhng nghin cu gn y cn cho thy nhng cht trong l, thn, r

ca cy m u c tc dng chng HIV-1; Nhng vi sinh vt nh: S. aureus

(ATCC6538), V. angillarium (ATCC19264), E. coli (ATCC8739), v C.

tropicalis (ATCC66029).

Cy m u c tn khoa hc l Calophyllum inophyllum L thuc hai h

Clusiaceae v Guttiferea. Nhng thc cht th hai h ny ch khc nhau chiucao ca cy.

Gn y, cy m u ang c quan tm nghin cu v tc dng dc l

ca n. Do nn chng ti tin hnh nghin cu ti: BC U TM

HIU THNH PHN HA HC CA NHA T DU CY M U(Calophyllum inophyllum L ), xc nh thnh phn ha hc.

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SVTH: L Minh Vng 3

Hnh 1.1. Cy m u [30]

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SVTH: L Minh Vng 4

Chng 2: TNG QUAN V CY M U

2.1. GII THIU CHUNG V CY M U [1,2,4,10,11,15]

2.1.1. Ngun gc cy m uCy m u c ngun gc t vng Tahiti thuc n , thuc vng bn a

Nam . c bit n c nhiu vng o Polynesia. Sau n c du nhp n

Hawaii v c. Cy m u c ngi dn Polynesia rt sng bi v c nhc

n trong cc bi thnh ca ca ngi Hawaii. T mt vi nm trc, du m u

c xut hin cc siu th Chu u v M. Ngy nay, cy m u c trng

rng ri khp ni trn th gii nhng quc gia kh hu nhit i gi ma.

2.1.2.

Danh php v phn loi

Tn khoa hc: Calophyllum inophyllum L.

Tn thng: Cy m u.

Tn nc ngoi: Alexandrian laurel, beach mahogany, beauty leaf, poon,

oil nut tree (Anh); Beach calophyllum (Papua New Guinea); Biyuch (Yap);

Btaches (Palau); Daog, daok (Guam, N. Marianas); Dilo (Fiji); Eet (Kosrae);

Fetau (Tonga); Fetau (Samoa); Isou (Pohnpei); Kamani, kamanu (Hawaii);

Hnh 1.1.2. Cy m u v tri[29]

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SVTH: L Minh Vng 5

Lueg (Marshalls); Rakich (Chuuk); Tamanu (Cook Islands, Society Islands,

Marquesas); Te itai (Kiribati);

Phn loi: Gii: Plantae

Ngnh: Magnoliophyta

Lp: Magnoliopsida

H: Clusiaceae, Guttiferae

Phn h: Kielmeyeroideae

Chi: Calophyllum

Loi: inophyllum L

2.1.3. c im thc vt

Cy m u c hai h l Clusiacee v Guttiferea. Chng ch khc nhau v

chiu cao, cn nhng c im khc chng tng t nhau.

Cy m u cao 8 20 m (i vi h Clusiaceae) v cao 10 15 m hoc 25

30 m (i vi h Guttiferae, ty theo kh hu tng vng m chng c chiu cao

khc nhau), ng knh trung bnh 30 35 cm. Cnh non nhn, trn, tng i

ngn ch khong 2 3 m.L m u mu xanh, bng lng, hnh bu dc. L ln, mc i, thon di,

mng, gn ph nhiu, nh, song song v gn nh thng gc vi gn chnh, ni r

c hai mt, cung l dy v bt.

Cy m u c hoa to khong 25 mm, mc thnh chm v c kiu pht hoa

hnh chy, mi chm t 4 15 hoa, thng thng l 9 hoa, hoa c mu trng

hoc vng cam. C 4 i l, mi hoa c 4 cnh, nhiu nh xp thnh 4 6 b, bu

mt l non vi mt non nh gc, 1 vi nhy.

Qu m u c dng hnh trn, kch c ging nh qu m, ng knh khong

2 4 cm, mu xanh, da trn, v mng, bn trong ht mu vng nht c bc bi

mt lp mu xm. Khi chn, qu m u chuyn t t sang mu vng ri cui cng

l mu nu.

Cy ra hoa thng 2 6, c qu thng 10 12.

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SVTH: L Minh Vng 6

2.1.4. Sinh thi v phn b

Do cy m u c tnh cht thch hp vi kh hu nhit i gi ma nn cy

m u thng pht trin vng duyn hi v pht trin tt nht rng t thp.

Tuy nhin n cng c trng nhiu vng c cao va phi.

Cy m u c kh nng chu ng nhiu loi t trng: t ct min duyn

hi, t st v k c t thoi ha.

Hin nay, cy m u c th tm thy nhiu quc gia khc nhau nh: Thi

Lan, Vit Nam, Myanmar, Malaysia, Nam n , Sri Lanka, v nhiu o ca

Melanesia v Polynesia,

2.1.5. Cng dng [1,6,7]

Tt c cc b phn ca cy m u (du, l, thn cy, g), u c cng dng

ng k v mt dc l v kinh t.

Theo kinh nghim dn gian:

a. Tri chn c tc dng lm gim sng ty do b mui t. Ngi dn

Polynesian dng du trch t ht ca tri m u thp sng cho n, ngoi ra n

cng c th c dng trong vic dng da, lm du dng tc, du thm,b. Nha m u c v mn, tnh rt lnh, c tc dng gy nn, gii cc loi

ng c, bng trng y. Nha m u dng bi lm tan cc ch sng ty, cha

hng sng khng nut c, cam rng tu m thi lot v cc mn trng nhc

khng tiu, cc mn nht, vt lot nhim trng, tai c m.

c.Du M u dng tr gh, nm tc v cc bnh v da ni chung, cha vim

dy thn kinh trong bnh ci, cc vt thng, thp khp. Du M u c tc dng

tiu sng, gim au, st trng, cm mu. V se, lm sn da.d. L c i vi c.

e. M dng ngoi lm lnh so, nht l tr bng.

f. V cy dng tr bnh au d dy v xut huyt bn trong. G cy dng

trong i sng hng ngy(bn, gh, salon,...).

g. R dng cha vim chn rng.

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SVTH: L Minh Vng 7

2.1.6. Cc bi thuc dn gian s dng m u [25]

Bi 1: au d dy: Bt v M u 20 g, bt Cam tho nam 14 g, bt Qu 1 g,

t dc va lm thnh 100 vin, ngy ung 2 ln, mi ln 4 vin.

Mn nht, gh, l: Ht M u gi nh, thm vi, un si ngui lm thuc

bi. Hoc du M u trn vi vi, chng nng ln bi.

Bi 2: Gii c: Ho nha vo nc, ung nhiu ln th ma ra. Nu khng

c nha th dng 120 g g ch nh sc ung nhiu ln.

Bi 3: Cam tu m, vim rng thi lot: Nha M u trn vi bt Hong

n bi lin tc vo chn rng.

Bi 4: Rng chy mu hay li rng tt xung, chn rng l ra:R M u

v r Cu k (Rau khi) liu lng bng nhau, sc nc ngm nhiu ln.

Bi 5: Phong thp au xng v thn h au lng hoc b thng au

nhc: R M u 40 g sc ung.

2.1.7. Thu hi v ch bin

Thu hi qu tt nht vo lc cy c 7 10 nm tui, qu chn rng ri kh

v, s cho nhiu du nht. Nn thu t thng 10 n thng 2 nm sau. Ht dngti hay p ly du. Nha thu quanh nm, phi kh, tn bt. R, l thu hi quanh

nm, phi kh.

Qu m u c thu hoch dng chn ti, lc ny qu m u khng cha du.

Sau , chng c v nt cho n khi lp v b nt ra mt t. Tip theo, xp nhng qu

m u c v nt thnh mt lp ri em i phi kh ngoi nng. Trong qu trnh

phi kh, ht m u b gim trng lng (t 7 g ht ti xung cn 4 5 g ht kh) v

ht kh c mu nu, v c mi thm, lc ny lng du c tng ln ng k. Thigian phi kh khong hai thng. Lc ny ht m u c th c d tr trong mt thi

gian di. Theo thng k, trung bnh t mt cy m u c th tinh ch ra 11,7 kg du, v

4680 kg du/ha.

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SVTH: L Minh Vng 8

2.1.8. Hnh nh v cy m u

Hnh 1.1.4. Hoa m u [29]

Hnh 1.1.5. Cc cng nhn ang tch vtri m u l y nhn p d u [30]

Hnh 1.1.6. Chit xut tinh du m u theo tiu chunOrganic xng ca cng ty Chuyn Thin Nhin [30]

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SVTH: L Minh Vng 9

2.2. THNH PHN HA HC CA CY M U

2 .2.1. Thnh phn ha hc ca l[9,14,16,18,19,20]

Inophynone,

Isoinophynone,

Calophyllolide,

Inophyllum B,

Inophyllum C,

Inophyllum P,

Inophyllum G1,

Inophyllum G2,

Canophyllol,

Canophyllol acetate,

Canophyllic acid,

Amentoflavone,

Isoapetalic acid,

Apetalic acid,

(+)- calanolide A,

(-)- calanolide B,

(+)- calanolide C,

Soulattrolide ,

2.2.2. Thnh phn ha hc ca thn cy [17]

2.2.2.1. Thnh phn ha hc ca li cy

1,5,6-trihydroxyxanthone,

6-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-1,5-dihydroxyxanthone,

Jacareubin,

6-desoxyjacareubin,

2-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-1,3,5,6-tetrahydroxyxanthone,

1,7-dihydroxyxanthone,

1,5,6-trihydroxyxanthone,

1,6-dihydroxy-5-methoxyxanthone,

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SVTH: L Minh Vng 10

2-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-1,3,5-trihyroxyxanthone,

2.2.2.2. Thnh phn ha hc ca g cy (timber)

6-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-1,5-dihyroxyxanthone,6-desoxyjacareubin,

1,7-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethoxyxanthone,

Jacareubin,

2.2.2.3. Thnh phn ha hc ca v cy

Friedelin,

Friedelan-3-ol,-amyrin,

Sitosterol,

1-hydroxy-3,6,7-trimethoxyxanthone,

1,7-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethoxyxanthone,

2.2.3. Thnh phn ha hc ca v r [21]

T v r cy thu c:Inoxanthone,

Frielan-3-one,

Macluraxanthone,

Brasiliensic acid,

Inophyllolidic acid,

1,5 dihydroxyxanthone,

Caloxanthone B,

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SVTH: L Minh Vng 11

2.2.4. Thnh phn ha hc ca du th [2,9,10]

Nhn ht cha 50,2% - 73% du, du m u c tch chit t qu v ht m

u, bao gm nhiu cht khc nhau nh:

2.2.4.1. Friedelin: C tn l canophyllal, canophyllol, canophyllic acid. y ldng terpenoid.

2.2.4.2. Cc dn xut ca coumarina) Calophyllolide l mt phn t cha lactonic v nhm methoxyl.

b) Calophyllic acid ( C25H24O6)c) Nhm Inophyllolid

H3C

CH3

CH3

CH3CH3

H

CH3

Friedelin

HH

CH3

O

CH3

Calophyllolide

MeO O

O

O

Ph

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SVTH: L Minh Vng 12

2.2.4.3. Nhm Xanthone: Dehydrocycloguanindin, calophyllin-B,jacareubin v 6-deoxy jacareubin, mesuazanthone-A, mesuazanthone-B,

caloxanthone-A, caloxanthone-B, caloxanthone-C

OO

O

O

OH

Inophyllum G-1

OO

O

O

OH

Inophyllum G-2 Inophyllum P

OO O

R OH

O OH

O

OH

Calophyllin-B

O

O

O OH

Dehyrocycloguanindin

O OH

OH

O O

6-desoxyjacareubin

O OH

OH

O OHO

Jacareubin

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SVTH: L Minh Vng 13

OH

HO

OH

Caloxanthone B

O

O

O

O O

O

OCH3

HO

OH

Caloxanthone A

O O

OH

OOH

Caloxanthone C

O

O OH

HO

Euxanthone

O

O OH

Mesuaxanthone A

OH

OH

O

O OH

Mesuaxanthone B

OH

OH

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SVTH: L Minh Vng 14

2.2.4.4. Cc acid bo, glycerides, sterols v ba nhm lipidBng 2.1. Ba nhm lipid chnh c trong du m u.

Ba nhm lipid chnh % khi lng

Neutral lipid 92%

Glycolipid 6,4%

Phospholipid 1,6%

Trong

Neutral lipid

Monoacylglycerol 1,8%

sn 1,3 Diaglyceride 2,4%sn 1,2 (2,3) - Diaglyceride 2,6%

Free fatty acid 7,4%

Triacylglycerol 82,3%

Sterols, sterolesters and hydrocarbon 3,5%

Glycolipid

Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol 11,4%

Acylated sterolglucoside 13,1%

Monogalactosylmonoacylglycerol 22,2%

Acylmonogalactosyldiacylglycerol 53,3%

Phospholipid

Phosphatidylethanolamine 46,3%

Phosphatidylcholine 33,8%

Phosphatidic acid 8,1%Phosphatidylserine 6,1%

Lysophosphatidylcholine 5,7%

Bng 2.2. Cc thnh phn chnh c trong cc acid bo du m u

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Thnh phn chnh trong cc acid bo (%)

Oleic acid (C18:1) 49,4%

Linoleic acid (C18:2) 21,3%

Palmitic acid (C16) 14,7%

Stearic acid (C18) 12,66%

Eicosanoic acid (C20) 0,94%

Eicosenoic acid (C20:1) 0,72%

Linolenic acid (C18:3) 0,28%

2.2.4.5.

Ngoi ra, du m u cn cha cc tnh cht terpenic, benzoic, voxibenzoic acid, mt phn nh vitamin F

2.3. TNH CHT VT L V HA HC CA DU M U [2]

B ngoi: Tn ti dng lng, du th c mu xanh m. Mi hng: C mi thm ging nh qu hch. Tnh ha tan: C kh nng ha tan trong cn v cc loi du khc, khng

tan trong nc. Ch s khc x: 1,471 1,495 20C. T trng: 0,910 0,960 20C. Ch s acid: 10. Ch s Iod: 80 100. Ch s x phng ha: 185 235.

Thi hn s dng: 6 9 thng.

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2.4. TC DNG CA CC CHT C TRONG DU M U [2]

2.4.1. Cc dn xut ca coumarin: C tc dng khng vim, khng khun v tr

nm.

2.4.2. Nhm Xanthone: Bao gm dehydrocycloguanandin, calophyllin-B,

jacareubin, mesuaxanthone-A, mesuaxanthone-B v euxanthonecungx c tc

dng khng vim, ngoi ra n cn c tc dng lm gim chng pht ban, vt au,

vt sng, vt try

2.4.3. Friedelin: Cng c tc dng khng khun v tr nm. Trong :

a) Canophyllic acid: C tc dng ging vi ampicillin v amoxicillin, c thkhng khun Proteus mirabilis nguyn nhn gy ra bnh nhim trng ng

rut, nhim trng vt thng, nhim trng mu v vim phi.

b) Canophyllol: Cng c so snh vi ampicillin v amoxicillin, c th

khng khun:

Staphylococcus aureus nguyn nhn ca chng vim, mng m, p xe,inh nht, nhim trng vt thng, nhim trng mu v tim mng kt.

Cornebacterium diptheriae nguyn nhn ca bnh bch hu. Klebsiella pneumonia nguyn nhn ca nhim trng vt thng, nhim

trng mu, nhim trng ng thi nc tiu.

c) Friedelin: Cng c so snh vi ampicillin v amoxicillin, c th khng

khun:

S.aureus nguyn nhn ca bnh nm. Pseudallescheria boydii nguyn nhn ca bnh nm ha sng, mng m

vt thng, vim xoang.

Trichophyton schoenleinii nguyn nhn ca cc nt si trn da, da u,trn mng, bnh hecpet mng trn.

2.4.4. Cc acid bo

C tc dng ti sinh m. C ch lm lnh vt thng ca cc acid bo ny

ch l lm gia tng s pht trin cc nguyn bo si nn lm tng sinh m ht v

tc ng ln s ti to lp thng b.

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2.5. TC DNG DC L CA DU M U [2,7,22,23,25,27,28]

2.5.1. c tnh

Qua nhiu ti liu th hin nay cha chng minh c du m u c c tnh.

2.5.2. Tc dng ca du m u i vi c th

Du m u c tnh cht quan trng nht l c kh nng ti sinh m nn

c ng dng rng ri, dng cha lnh cc vt thng da. V d nh tr cc

vt thng b cn trng cn, b bng, cc vt cc, vt ct, vt m, tr mn, lm

lin so,

Du m u c tnh khng khun, khng vim, ngn nga khun t cu,

ngn nga HIV, gim au dy thn kinh, gim au vt nhc chn, ngn nga

chng pht ban,

2.5.3. ng dng ca du m u

a) Trong y hc

Cha tr chng au c v au dy thn kinh.

Cha tr chng au c. Du m u cn c kh nng tr bnh i ng v bnh tr, tr bnh thn

kinh ta, bnh zona, bnh thp khp, bnh hi, vim m o, tr mn v

lot c t cung, chm bi nhim,

b) Trong m phm

Du m u c phi trn vi cc loi tho dc v tinh du khc ngdng vo cc sn phm chm sc da v tr mn. Hin nay, cc cng ty m

phm trn th gii s dng mt s tinh du phi trn vi du m u

thnh cc dng dung dch hoc dng kem lm sn phm chm sc da l:

tinh du oi hng, tinh du hoa hng, tinh du hoa phong l, v mt s

tinh du khc.

ng dng sn phm ln men ca Acetobacter xylinum lm mng cellulosevi khun tm du m u c tc dng sinh hc trong iu tr bng.

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ng dng tnh cht lm lin so ca du m u, hi dc hc Vit Nam s dng du m u phi trn vi tinh du trm c v ramasol lm lnh

nhanh vt thng.

ng dng vo cc sn phm tr bnh vy nn, bnh mn rp v mn trngc.

2.6. GI TR KINH T CA DU M U

Du m u c dng trong dc phm v cc bnh l da v m phm nh

tnh thm thu qua da tt, c mi thm, lm sng da nn thng c a vo

cc thnh phm dng nc (lotion), kem, pommade v cc m phm khc.

Vit Nam hin nay, du m u c tim nng ln trn th trng cc sn phm tr

bnh ngoi da ln trong k ngh m phm. Trong tng lai, du m u c th kt

hp vi vitamin E, aloes vera (cy l hi, tc nha am) to nn cc sn phm

sn sc da. Hin nay c nhiu cng ty sn xut du m u ng chai nh

Active Botanicals, Port Villa, Pure World Botanicals,

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Chng 3: PHNG PHP CHIT XUT [1]

3.1. C S CA PHNG PHP CHIT

Phng php l phng php thu ly mt hay nhiu cht t hn hp tchbit, c lp v tinh ch cc cu t c trong hn hp thnh nhng cu t ring.

Qu trnh chit gm mt s giai on sau:

Giai on 1: Dung mi thm t ln b mt nguyn liu sau thm su vo bn trong to ra dung dch cha cc hot cht. Sau dung mi

tip tc ha tan cc cht trn b mt bng cch y cc bt kh chim y trong

cc khe vch trng.

Giai on 2: Giai on tip tc ha tan cc hot cht trong cc ngmao dn ca nguyn li b bc kn nh vo dung mi thm su vo cc lp

bn trong. Ta c th chit cht rn bng cht lng hoc cht lng bng cht lng.

Chit cht rn bng cht lng: L lm tan hot cht c t cht rnsang cht lng (l dung mi). C th tng tc chuyn hng bng cch nghin

nguyn tng b mt tip xc trc khi chit khuy. Thng cht rn c

chit nng lin tc vi dung mi l cht bay hi trn b chit Soxhlet.

Chit lng trong dung dch (phn ln l nc): L lc dung dchvi dung mi thch hp c kh nng ha tan cht hu c hn l dung mi c.

3.2. YU CU CA DUNG MI KHI CHIT

Cht lng ca hp cht thu c cng vi hiu sut chit v cc iu kin

k thut khc ph thuc vo dung mi chit. Bi vy dung mi dng chit cn

tha cc iu kin sau: C nhit si thp. Tuy nhin nu thp qu th tn tht dung

mi s ln, trong sn xut d gy ha hon khi thu hi dung mi.

Khng c tc dng ha hc i vi cc cht c trong nguyn liuv khng b thay i tnh cht khi s dng li.

n nhit bc hi ca dung mi phi thp khi tiu hao nhiunhit.

C nht b khng lm gim tc khuch tn.

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C kh nng ha tan ln cc hot cht nhng rt b i vi tpcht, c bit i vi nc phi t ha tan.

Khng c to thnh hn hp n vi khng kh, khng c cnhng tp cht khng bay hi v khi bay hi khong c cn c mi l.

Phi tinh khit, khng c n mn thit b. Khng gy mi li vi sn phm v khng c hi i vi ngi s dng.

Phi r tin v d mua.3.3. CC PHNG PHP CHIT XUT

Phng php chit xut bao gm c vic chn dung mi dng c chitv cch chit.

Mt phng php chit xut thch hp ch c th hoch nh mt khi bit r thnh phn ha hc ca cy. Mt loi hp cht c ha tan khc nhau

trong tng loi dung mi. V vy khng th c mt phng php chit xut

chung p dng cho tt c cc hp cht trong cy.

La chn phng php trch ly c c cao trch th l cng vicrt quan trng trnh thy phn hp cht, trnh cc phn ng ph, cc phn ngchuyn v.

Trong cy thng cha mt s cu t dc xem nh nhng cht gycn tr trong qu trnh chit xut hoc tinh ch hp cht nh cc dip lc t

Polyphenol, i khi cc cht dng bi trn dng c thy tinh: Vaselin,

silicon cng nhim vo dung dch ly trch.

C nhiu cch s dng dung mi trch ly mu cy. Khi cho dungmi chit vo, dung mi s thm qua mng t bo ca cy, cc hot cht trong tbo s ha tan vo trong dung mi. Khi xut hin mt qu trnh thm thu

gia dung dch chit thnh trong t bo v dung mi bn ngoi. Qu trnh thm

thu ny kt thc khi c s cn bng v nng hp cht ca dung dch bn

trong v bn ngoi thnh t bo. Nh vy, s chit xy ra hai qu trnh:

Qu trnh ha tan. Qu trnh thm thu.

Hai qu trnh ny c thc hin lin tc cho n khi c s chit kt

thc.nguyn liu phi c xay nh n mc thch hp dung mi c iu kin

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tip xc vi thnh t bo mt cch d dng, thc y qu trnh chit xut mt

cch nhanh chng v nng cao hiu sut.

3.3.1. Chit bng phng php ngm kit (Percolation) Phng php ngm kit l mt trong nhng phng trch ly c s

dng ph bin nht v khng i hi nhiu thao tc cng nh thi gian.

Dng c gm mt bnh ngm kit hnh tr ng, bng thy tinh, di y bnh l mt van kha c iu chnh vn tc ca dung mi chy, khi

ngm mu cy trong dung mi sau mt thi gian nht nh.Dung mi chy ra

c hng trong mt erlen bn di, trn cao c mt bnh lng cha dung mi

nh vo bnh khuy ngm kit ny.

y l qu trnh chit lin tc thay th bng dung mi mi. Tuy vym ngi ta khng thc hin lin tc ma mu cy c ngm lin tc trong dung

mi khong 12 gi, cho dung mi bo ha chy ra ri thay th bng dung mi

mi v tip tc qu trnh trch ly. kho st s chit xut hon ton cha,

ngi ta thng theo di bng cch ly dung dch trch ly th vi cc thuc th

c trung ca hot cht.

3.3.2. Chit bng phng php ngm dm(Maceration)

Phng php ngm dm khng hiu qu g hn so vi phng php ngm

kit, ch l ngm bt cy trong bnh cha thy tinh hoc thp khng g c np

y. Rt dung mi ph lp bt cy, yn nhit phng, dung mi s thm

vo nguyn liu v ha tan cc cht t nhin trong cy. C th gia tng hiu qu

chit xut bng cch khuy bt cy hoc dng my lc nh. Sau 24 gi, dung mi

trong bnh c ra v rt dung mi mi vo.

3..3.3. Chit bng phng php ngm kit ngc dng

y l s kt hp gia phng php ngm kt vi phng php ngm

dm. Bt cy c cho vo bnh chit khc nhau, v d c 3 bnh A, B, C bt cy

c cho vo c ba bnh. Cho dung mi vo bnh A, ngm v ly ra dung dch

A1.

Dung dch ny ring, cho dung mi mi vo bnh A, dch chit ly ra lnsau gi l A2. Ly dch A2 dng lm dung mi cho bnh B. Dch chit B1 ring,

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sau cho dung mi mi vo bnh B c dch B2, dch chit ny c lm

dung mi cho bnh C. Nh vy, dung dch chit ra t bnh chit trc c lm

dung mi ngm bt cy cho bnh tip theo, c tip tc nh vy cho n cc

bnh sau. y l phng php c ng dng nhiu trong sn xut ln. Phng

php ny ch khc phng php ngm kit l dch chit sau khi ly ra khng theo

phng php nh git m m kha cho chy thnh dng sau khi ngm mt thi

gian nht nh.

3.3.4. Chit bng Soxhlet

B dng c Soxhlet c bn sn vi nhiu loi kch c. Phng phpny c u im l s dng mt lng t dung mi m vn c th chit kit c

hot cht. S chit xut t ng, lin tc nn nhanh chng.

Mun bit vic chit xut cn kit cha, tho phn ng ngng hi,dng pipette ht vi git dung mi ang cha trong bnh cha mu cy, nh ln

mt knh hay giy lc, dung mi bay hi s li vt cn. Nu thy khng cn

vt na ngha l vic chit xut kit, nu thy c vt th tip tc chit thm

mt thi gian na.

Nhc im ca phng php ny l khng chit xut c mt lngln mu cy nn ch thch hp cho vic nghin cu trong phng th nghim. Mt

bt tin na trong sut qu trnh chit xut mu cy lun lun nhit si ca

dung mi nn nhng hp cht km bn nhit nh Carotenoid c th b thy gii,

phn gii hoc to cc hp cht Artefat.

3.3.5. Chit bng cch un hon lu

Bt cy v dung mi c cha trong mi bnh cu c gn ng sinhhn. un hon lu trn bp cch thy nhit si ca dung mi, sau mt thi

gian cn thit dung dch cn chit c ly ra v lc qua giy lc. Dung mi mi

c cho vo v tip tc chit t 3 n 4 ln n khi kit.

Him khi ngi ta un bt cy vi dung mi l nc, d rng trch lyvi nc m phng php m dn gian sc thuc ung v mt s cht cng

tan c trong nc, ngi ta thng dng hn hp CH3OH H2O hocC2H5OH H2O.

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3.3.6. Chit bng phng php li cun hi nc

y l phng php c bit ly trch tinh du v nhng hp cht dbay hi c trong cy. Dng c gm mt bnh cu ln cung cp hi nc, hi

nc s c dn sc vo bnh cha mu cy, hi nc tip tc bay hi v ngng

t bi mt ng sinh hn, ta thu c hp cht tinh du v nc.

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Chng 4: PHNG PHP SC K CT [1]

4.1. SC K CT [4]

Trong sc k ct, cht hp ph hoc cht lm nn cho pha c nh cnhi trong cc ng hnh tr gi l ct. Ty theo tnh cht ca cht c s

dng lm ct m s tch trong ct s xy ra ch yu theo c ch hp ph (ct hp

ph), c ch phn b (ct phn b), trao i ion (ct trao i ion),... y chng

ti ch trnh by sc k ct hp ph.

4.1.1 Nguyn tc

Sc k hp ph c tin hnh trn mt ct thy tinh thng ng gi lct vi cht hp ph ng vai tr pha tnh, dung mi ra ct l pha ng chy

qua cht hp ph.

i vi mi cht cht ring bit trong hn hp cn tch, ty theo kh nng

hp ph v kh nng ha tan ca n i vi dung mi ra ct ly ra c ln

lt trc hoc sau.

Cht hp ph trong sc k ct thng dng l oxyt nhm, silica gel,

CaCO3, than hot tnh, polyamid,Cc cht ny phi c tiu chun ha nh:

-Al2O3 trung tnh (Merck), c ht 0.063 0.200 mm (70 200 mesh). hot ha s I 0.50% H2O

II 2.4% H2O

III 4.3% H2O

IV 6.6% H2O

V 15% H2O

- Al2O3 baz, c ht 0.0063 0.200 mm (70 200 mesh)

hot ha s I 1.2% H2O

II 3.5% H2O

III 5.8% H2O

IV 8.1% H2O

V 10% H2O

- Silica gel 60 c ht 0.063 0.200 mm.

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- Polyamid M K c ht < 0.07 mm.

Silica gel l pha tnh c s dng rng ri nht tch cc hp cht t

nhin.

Dung mi dng trong sc k ct c th tng loi ring bit hoc l hn

hp 2, 3 loi dung mi vi t l thch hp.

Vi cc cht hp ph c in, dung mi s dng c phn cc tng dn.

Ct l nhng ng hnh tr bng thy tinh, u di c kha, u trn c

nt mi ni vi mt phu cha dung mi, loi ny thng bn sn trn th

trng vi nhiu loi kch c ln nh. Hoc ct cng c th t lp bng mt ng

thy tinh thng, u di nh ni vi mt ng cao su, dng mt kha kim loi

iu chnh tc chy ca dung mi.

Vic la chn kch thc ct rt quan trng. Thng thng ct c ng

knh nh v chiu di cng di th s tch cng tt. Mt vi ct c kch thc bn

sn tng ng vi chiu di v kch thc ct:

ng knh (cm) Chiu di (cm)

1 152 253 404 605

4.2. K THUT TRIN KHAI

4.2.1. Chun b ct

- Ra ct tht sch, trng vi nc ct v sy kh.- Cho bng gn vo y ct (c th cho thm mt lp ct mn sch).- Kp ct thng ng trn gi st- Yu cu ca ct sc k l cht rn dng lm ct phi phn tn ng

u mi im trong ct thnh mt khi ng nht.

- Cho cht hp ph vo ct thng gi l nhi ct.

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- T l =

- Ty thuc vo kh nng tch ca cht hp ph m t l ny thay ithng thng t 1/20, 1/30, 1/50, 1/100,

- C hai cch nhi ct: nhi ct t v nhi ct kh.- Nhi ct t: Dng cho cc cht hp ph c kh nng trng phnh

nh silica gel, sephadex, th phi ngm trong dung mi mt thi gian trc khi

cho vo ct trnh b nt ct. Lc, trn u bt hp ph vi dung mi to thnh

mt hn dch, rt vo ct, cht hp ph s lng t nhin xung y ct. Hn dch

dung mi v cht hp ph khng nn qu st khin bt kh b gi trong ct v

cng khng c qu lng phi rt nhiu ln vo ct. Ch trong qu trnh

nhi ct, dung mi vn lin tc chy u ra ct hng, v khng c kh

dung mi trong ct. Sau khi nhi ct ht cht hp ph vo ct dng dung mi

hng c tip tc rt vo ct v cho chy lin tc mt thi gian ct hp ph

c hon ton n ton n nh. Mt thong trn u ct phi nm ngang, ngi

ta cho thm mt lp ct hoc bng khng lm xo trn mt gel.

- Nhi ct kh: Dng cho cc cht hp ph khng c kh nng trngn nh Al2O3, CaCO3. Cht hp ph c nhi t t vo ct dng kh bi mt

phu c cung di. Dng mt que bng g hoc cao su g nh v u chung

quanh ct theo chiu t di ln bt xung u n. Khi cht hp ph c

cho ht vo ct mi rt dung mi vo v cho chy lin tc mt thi gian ct

c n nh v t lc ny tr i, khng c kh dung mi trong ct.

4.2.2. a cht phn tch vo ctYu cu ca vic a cht phn tch vo ct l phi phn tn cht th

thnh mt lp mng ng u trn mt ct bng phng. C nhiu phng php

a cht phn tch vo ct.

Phng php dng a giy:

Dng giy lc ct thnh mt a trn c ng knh nh hn ng knh

trong ca ct khong 0.5 mm. Dng kim chm thnh nhng l thng cch u

nhau. Cht cn phn tch c ha tan trong mt lng dung mi va , cho

giy thm u dung dch m c. Ly giy ra bc hi dung mi bng cch

Trng lng cht phn tch

Trng lng cht hp ph

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sy, ri tip tc tm dung dch thuc th. Nu tin hnh vi ct ln, lng cht

th nhiu, c th dng nhiu a giy.

Sau khi ct c n nh vi dung mi, m vi cho dung mi chy cho

n khi mc dung mi bng vi mt ngang cht hp ph th kha vi li. t cn

thn cc a giy ln mt ct, dng ng ht cho dung mi tm t u giy, cho

mt lp ct mn ln giy v bt u cho dung mi chy.

Cho thng dung dch th ln ct:

Ha tan cht phn tch vo mt lng va dung mi (cng t cng tt

nhng phi bo m ha tan hon ton). Dung dch th c nng cng m c

mi nm thnh mt lp mng trn u ct. Ct n nh, m vi cho dung mi

chy cho n khi mt ct hp ph va kh th ng li. Dng ng ht cho dung

dch th chy dc thnh ct. M kha bn di cho dung dch th ngm vo ct

(khng c cht hp ph u ct b kh). Khi ton b lp dung dch th

ngm ht vo ct, dng ng ht ly mt t dung mi ra thnh ct v cng cho

ngm ht vo ct. Tip tc cho dung mi bt u qu trnh gii ly.

Trn cht th vi mt lng cht hp ph:

Trn dung dch cht phn tch vi mt lng nh cht hp ph cho thtu, sy kh ri cho vo ct bng cch ri thnh mt lp u n trn mt ct.

Trong ba cch trn, cch cho thng dung dch vo ct l gn v nhanh hn

c, nhng phi bo m cc yu cu k thut sau:

- Cht th ha tan hon ton.- Dung dch cht th phi np vo ct u.- Khi ton b cht th ngm ht vo ct, mi cho tip dung mi mi.- Cho dung mi nh nhng, khng lm xo ng mt ct. Nu cht th

ngm vo ct to thnh nhng lp c b dy u nhau l chng t k thut m

bo.

4.2.3. Ra ct - cn c gi l gii ly cht ra khi ct

Ty theo cht hp ph dng v yu cu tc chy ca ct m ngi ta c

th tin hnh gii ly ct bng p sut thng hoc p sut nn.

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- Ra ct bng p sut thng: Ngha l dung mi chy ra nh vo trnglc. Ct p sut thng c nhc im l chy chm, ch dng cho cc cht hp

ph c kch thc ht ln.

- Ra ct bng p sut nn: Ngi ta thng cho mt dng kh nn (khnitrogen hoc khng kh) vo u ct. Tc dng kh c th c kim sot

nh vo mt van iu chnh. Ct dng p sut nn phi c nt bo m kn

ming, v c kha hoc dy buc cht vo ming ct.

Vic la chn cc phng php ra ct khc nhau ty thuc vo vic s

dng kch thc ht gel lm pha tnh v vic s dng p lc gii ly dung mi

ra khi ct.

Mt hp cht c th b cht hp ph gi li mnh hay yu cn ty thuc

vo phn cc ca dung mi gii ly.

sc k ct c in, dung mi ra ct c dng vi phn cc tng

dn. Dung mi phi tinh khit, v nhng tp cht ln vo dung mi thng lm

thay i phn cc ca dung mi , v th ngi ta thng ct dung mi trc

khi s dng.

Hin nay trn th trng c bn loi silica gel o pha. Khi s dng silicagel ny lm pha tnh, th pha tnh c tnh hp thu t l vi tnh than du ca hp

cht c sc k, cho nn pha ng s dng thng l nc hoc cc hn hp

dung mi c cha nc. Nh vy cc thnh phn phn cc trong hn hp cht

cn sc k s c gii ly ra khi ct trc, cn cc cht khng phn cc s ra

sau. Phng php ny c ng dng rt c hiu qu i vi cc hp cht phn

cc mnh trong thc vt nh saponin, triterpen.

S thay i t dung mi ny sang dung mi khc phi chuyn t t bng

cch pha t l tng dn hoc gim dn.

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SVTH: L Minh Vng 29

Chng 5: QUY TRNH C LP CC CHT T HT

TRI M U

5.1. QUY TRNH THAM KHO 1

Htnhn

Thu cht mu

nu

Phn tantrong

Phn tantrong nc

Cao EtOAc15 g

Chit 2 ln vi ethanol (850x2 ml)C quay

Pha long vi 500 mL H2OThm tip 1 lng EtOAc

C quay p sut

Thu 9 phn

on

Sc k ct dung 400 g silicagelH dung mi n-hexane/EtOAc10:1; 7:1; 5:1; 4:1; 3:1; 2:1

Phn onI (1,85 g)

Phn onII(836

Phn onIII (4,7 g)

Phn onIV(1 g)

Phn onV (2,06 g)

Phn onVI (2,65g)

Phn onVII

Phn onVIII(1,41

Phn onIX

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SVTH: L Minh Vng 30

C cng thc cu to:

Phnon

Phnon

Phnon VII

Sc k ct vi

35 g silica gel.H dung mi(n-hexane/CHCl3/MeOH150:150:150:50:120:20:1

Inophylin B

(570 mg)

Inophylin A

Sc k ct vi 60 g

silica gel.H dung mi (n-hexane/CHCl3/MeOH150:150:150:50:120:20:110:10:15:5:1

Sc k

ct vi50gsilica gelH dungmi(hexane/acetone100:150:125:110:17:1

Phn onA

Phn onB

Phn onC

Inocalophyllin Amethyl ester

Inocalophyllin Bmethyl ester

Calophyllolide(2,7mg)

O

O

OHCOOMe

O

Inocalophyll in A methyl ester

O

O

OHCOOMe

O

Inocalophyllin A methyl esterCalophyllolide

MeO O

O

O

Ph

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SVTH: L Minh Vng 31

5.1. QUY TRNH THAM KHO 2[21]

Ht nhn850 g

Du mu vng250 g

Thu 117 l

P I

L 1-10P II

L 11-18P III

L 19-37P IV

L 38-55P V

L 56-79P VII

L 80-117

Chit vi CH2Cl2-MeOH (1:1)trong 24 gi

Ly 20 g du trn em:- Sc k ct silica gel (

230-400 mesh,Merck)- H DM (n-hexane-

EtOAc)- Sc k TLC.

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SVTH: L Minh Vng 32

C cng thc cu to:

P II43,4 g

Thu c110 l

l19-20 l65-76 l77-87

Calophyllolide800 mg

Calaustralin300 mg

Inphyllum E300 mg

-Sc k ct silica gel.- H D/M (n-hexane-EtOAc)- Sc k TLC.

Hexane/EtOAc(19:1)

Hexane/EtOAc(9:1)

Hexane/EtOAc(17:3)

Calophyllolide

MeO O

O

O

Ph

Inophyllum E

Ph

O

O

OO

O

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SVTH: L Minh Vng 33

5.3. QUY TRNH THAM KHO 3[3]

+ dd NaHCO3, khy u tch lp.+ Tch ring phn u

NHA( 1 kg)

DCH KIM

DCH KIM

DCHBENZEN

CNCOUMARINTP(P=156 g)

+ NaCl bo ha n khi tch lp lng mt ngy. Tch b kt ta.

+dd HCl 10% vi 10 mLx3+ Lc vi benzen (5 ln 300 mL)

Ra nc ti trung tnhC quay thu hi dung mi(t=60oC)

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SVTH: L Minh Vng 34

CN COUMARIN70 g

Phn on A Phn on B Phn on C Phn on D, E,F,..

+ Sc k ct p sut gim phn lpcoumarin.+ Ct 5,5x15 cm, 180 g silica gel 60H.+ Dm: n-hexane, cyclohexane, benzene,ethyl acetate v methanol+ Dng SKLM kim tra

Calophyllolide

Calophyllolide

MeO O

O

O

Ph

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SVTH: L Minh Vng 35

PHN IITHC NGHIM

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SVTH: L Minh Vng 36

Chng 1: PHNG TIN V PHNG PHPNGHIN CU

1.1. PHNG TIN

Cc dng c nh bnh tam gic, chai ng dng dch, chai bi c s dng

cho qu trnh ly trich v chay ct sc k.

My c quay: L mt dng c rt quan trng, dng c cn dung dch trch

v thu hi dung mi di p sut thp nhm thu cc cao ca mu dung dch trong

qu trnh chit lng lng hoc gii ly ct sc k.

Ct sc k gm 3 ct c kch thc khc nhau:

Ct 1: ng knh 4 cm.Di 60 cm.

Ct 2: ng knh 3cm.

Di 40 cm.

Cc dung mi dng tch gm: Ethanol, benzen.

Ha cht dng nhi ct sc k: Silica gel G 60 (Merck).

Bng mng chy sc k (Merck).

Ngoi ra cn dng cc ha cht khc nh: H2SO4, hi Iod, Methanol.

1.2. PHNG PHP NGHIN CU

1.2.1. Phng php tch chit

Da vo nguyn tc coumarin tan trong nc khi m vng lacton mi

trng kim, v tan trong dung mi hu c km phn cc khi ng vng lacton

trong mi trng acid chit xut coumarin t du th.

1.2.2. Phn lp cc cu t hu c

Dng k thut sc k ct c in

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SVTH: L Minh Vng 37

1.2.3. nh tnh

Sc k lp mng c thc hin trn bn trng sn silica gel F 254

(Merck), dy 0,200 mm. H dung mi khai trin benzen ethyl acetate (9:1),

petroleum ether - ethyl acetate (2:1), n-hexane - ethyl acetate (2:1) pht hin vt

di n UV, phn ng hi Iod hoc phun thuc th H2SO4 trong methanol.

1.2.4. Xc nh cu trc

Phng php vt l: o im nng chy.

Phng php ph nghim:UV, IR, NMR, MS

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SVTH: L Minh Vng 38

1.2.5. Quy trnh thc nghim chit tch v c lp cc hp cht hu c

ca nha t du m uTheo ti liu cng b[3,6,21]v iu kin ca phng th nghim chng ti

chn quy trnh c lp nh sau:

+ dd NaOH 10% vi 10 mL x 3 khy u tch lp

DU TH(300 gam)

NHA(62,7 gam)

DCH KIM 1

DCH KIM 2

DCHBENZEN

Cao BENZENE

TP(8,77 g)

Chit vi cn tuyt i 100 mL x 6Ly phn tan trong cn


+dd HCl 10% vi 10 mLx3+ Lc vi benzen 100 mLx7

C qua y thu hi dung mi

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SVTH: L Minh Vng 39

Cao Benzene TP( 8,77 gam)

Phn on AL 1-20

Phn on BL 21-32

Phn on CL 33-54

Phn on EL 64-75

Phn on GL 92-98

Phn on DL 55-63

Phn on FL 76-91

+ Sc k ct vi 200 gam silica gelG 60 (Merck).+H dung mi gii ly tng dn

phn cc: n-hexane/ethyl acetate(20:1 n 0:1)

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SVTH: L Minh Vng 40

Phn on C(0,90 g)

Phn on IL 1- 30

Phn on IIIL 53 - 72

- Sc k ct vi 50 g silica gelG (Merck)- H dung mi gii ly:- PE/EtOAc (2:1)

Cht A (0,36 g)

Phn on IIL 31- 52

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SVTH: L Minh Vng 41

Chng 2: THC NGHIM

2.1. IU CH NHA T DU TH

Du th c c p ti trng i hc Y Dc TP. H Ch Minh. Ly 300

gam du th cho vo bnh chit 500 mL, chit lng lng vi ethanol 100 mLx 6.

Tch b phn nm di ca bnh lng, ly phn trn. Dch chit ny c c

quay li vi p sut thp 600 C thu c 62,7 gam cao th c mu vng m.

Hiu sut:

== 100300

7.62%H 20,9%

2.2. NH TNH CAO ETHNOL S B BNG SC K BNG

MNG

T cao ethanol thu c t qu trnh trn chung t bc u tin hnh nh tnh

s b thnh phn ha hc ca cao ethanol trc khi tin hnh tch coumarin bng

sc k bn mng vi h dung mi gii ly l n hexane/EtOAc (9:1). Thuc th

hnh l dng hi Iod.

Hnh 2.1 Sc k bng mng cao ethanol vi h gii ly Benzene/EtOAc (9:1).

2.3. QU TRNH IU CH COUMARIN T CAO ETHANOL

Da vo nguyn tc coumarin tan trong nc khi m vng lacton mi

trng kim, v tan trong dung mi hu c km phn cc khi ng vng lacton

trong mi trng acid chit xut coumarin t cao trch t cao ethanol. Qu

trnh chit c tin hnh nh sau:

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SVTH: L Minh Vng 42

Bc 1:

Cho 62,7 gam cao ethanol cho vo bnh chit loi 500 mL sau cho vo

bnh chit 30 mL dung dch NaOH (10%) mi ln 10 mL quan st kh nng

tch lp, lc ny dung dch chuyn t mu vng sang mu trng sa. Ly phn

tan trong dung dch kim gi tin hnh th nghim tip theo(gi l dung dch

kim 1).

Bc 2:

Dung dch kim 1 cho vo cc 500 mL, sau cho tip 15 mL NaCl bo

ha sau lng mt ngy. Qu trnh kt ta xy ra chm nn cn i 24 gi

c kt ta mu trng xanh (gi l phn nha), ri tch b kt ta. Phn cn li

sau khi tch kt ta c gi li lm th nghim tip theo (gi l dung dch

kim 2).

Bc 3:

Dung dch kim 2 cho vo cc 500 mL, sau cho thm vo dung dch

ny 30 mL dung dch HCl 10%. Sau , cho vo bnh lng 500 mL sau chit

lng lng vi benzen 7 ln mi ln 100 mL. Ly phn tan trong dung mi ben

zen ( dung dch mu vng), sau c quay p sut thp 600

thu c 8,77 caobenzen vng ti.

Hiu sut:

13,99%== 1007,62

77,8%H

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SVTH: L Minh Vng 43

2.4. SC K CT LN MT CAO BENZENE

Thc hin sc k ct chia cao benzene thnh cc phn on, theo di

qu trnh gii ly bng sc k bng mng gp cc l c Rf ging nhau thnh

mt phn on, c quay thu hi dung mi.

Ct sc k di 60 cm, ng knh 4 cm.

Cht hp ph np vo ct l silica gel 60H Merck.

Dung mi np vo ct l n-hexene.

Cch nhi ct: p dng phng php nhi t, cn khong 150 gam silicagel ri cho t t lng nh silica gel vo trong bnh tam gic 250 mL cha mt

lng dung mi n-hexane, khy u trnh vn cc li. silica gel trng n

mt thi gian khong 15 pht. Sau np vo ct. C tip tc nh th cho n

khi np xong.

Cht phn tch: Ly cao benzene c np di dng dung dch vo ct

(ch rng nn np t t vo ct nn trnh xo trn b mt ct).

Dung mi gii ly: n-hexane/EtOAc tng dn mc phn cc t (20:1

n 0:1).

Cao Ethanol(62,7 gam)

Dch kim 1

Dch kim 2

Dch Benzene

Cao BenzeneTP(8,77 g)

+ dd NaOH 10% vi 10 mL x 3 khy u tch lp


+ dd HCl 10% vi 10 mLx3+ Lc vi benzen 100 mLx7

C quay thu hi dung mi

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SVTH: L Minh Vng 44

Hng mi l 100 mL sau sc k bng mng . Thuc th hin hnh l

hi Iod, nhng l no c vt sc k ging nhau v Rf gn bng nhau th gp li

thnh mt phn on.

Hnh 2.3. Sc k ct cao benzene

Hnh 2.2. Sc k bng mng cao benzene vi h

dung mi gii ly Benzene/EtOAc (9:1)

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SVTH: L Minh Vng 45

Bng 2.1. Kt qu sc k ct cao benzene

Phn

on

S TT

l

Dung mi gii

ly ct n-

hexane/EtOAc

Khi

lng

cao

(gam)

Dng vt

SKLM

Dng

chtGhi ch

A 1- 20 20 : 0 0.25 Vt di

Mu

vng hi

xanh

Khng

kho st

B 21 32 19 : 1 2.01 Vt di

Mu

vang hi

xanh

Khngkho st

C 33 54 17 : 1 0.90Vt trn

gn

Mu

vng

Kho

st tip

D 55 -63 15 : 1 0.25Vt hi

trn

Mu

vng

Khng

kho st

E 64 - 75 10 : 1 0.43 Vt hidi

Mu hixanh

Khngkho st

F 76 - 91 5 : 1 0.27Vt trn

m

Mu

xanh

Khng

kho st

G 92 - 98 3 : 1 0.34Vt trn

m

Mu

xanh

Khng

kho st

2.5. SC K CT LN 2 PHN ON C

Thc hin sc k ct chia phn on C thnh cc phn on, theo di

qu trnh gii ly bng sc k bng mng gp cc l c Rf ging nhau thnh

mt phn on, c quay thu hi dung mi.

Ct sc k di 40 cm, ng knh 3 cm.

Cht hp ph np vo ct l silica gel 60H Merck.

Dung mi np vo ct l Petrolium ether / ethyl acetate(3:1).

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SVTH: L Minh Vng 46

Cch nhi ct: p dng phng php nhi t, cn khong 50 gam silica

gel ri cho t t lng nh silica gel vo trong bnh tam gic 250 mL cha mt

lng dung mi PE/EtOAc (3:1), khy u trnh vn cc li. silica gel

trng n mt thi gian khong 15 pht. Sau np vo ct. C tip tc nh th

cho n khi np xong.

Cht phn tch: Ly phn on C c np di dng dung dch vo ct

(ch rng nn np t t vo ct nn trnh xo trn b mt ct.

Dung mi gii ly: PE/EtOAc tng dn mc phn cc tng dn t (3:1

n 0:1).

Hng mi l 10 mL sau sc k bng mng. Thuc th hin hnh l hi

Iod, nhng l no c vt sc k ging nhau v Rf gn bng nhau th gp li thnh

mt phn on.

Hnh 2.4. Sc k ct phnon C

Hnh 2.5.SKLM phn on Ch Benzene/EtOAc(9:1)

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SVTH: L Minh Vng 47

Bng 2.1. Kt qu sc k ct phn on C

Phn

onS TT l

Dung mi

gii ly ct

PE/EtOAc

Khi

lng

cao

(gam)

Dng vt

SKLM

Dng

chtGhi ch

I 1- 30 3 :1 0.009Vt trn

nht

Mu hi

vng

Khng

kho st

II 31 52 2: 1 0.036Vt trn

m

Mu

trng

hi

xanh

Kho st

tip

III 53 72 1 : 1 0.700 Vt diMu

vng

Khng

kho st

2.6. QU TRNH KT TINH V LM SCH

Phn on II gp li, sau c quay thu dung mi ta c 0,036 gam cht

mu trng hi vng. 48 gi nhit phng sau xut hin tinh th mu

trng hi vng. Sau ra tinh th vi vi acetone/ethanol (1:1) 3 ln, gi l cht

A.

Sau chm bng mng vi 3 h dung mi khc nhau xem mc

tinh khit ca cht.

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SVTH: L Minh Vng 48

.

Hnh 2.5 H dung mi

n-hexane/EtOAc(2:1)Hnh 2. 6H dung mi

Pet. Ether/EtOAc(2:1)Hnh 2.7 H dung mi

BENZENE/EtOAC(2:1)

Hnh2.8 Sc k lp mng cht Avi 3 h dung mi nh trn.

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SVTH: L Minh Vng 49

PHN III

KT QU V THO LUN

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SVTH: L Minh Vng 50

KHO ST CHT THU C SAU QU TRNH C

LP

3.1. PHNG PHP

Sau khi c lp hp cht A bng sc k ct, chng ti tin hnh kho st cu

trc ca cht m chng ti c lp c. Trong qu trnh thc hin chng ti s

dng:

- Xc nh im nng chy bng my Stuart Scientific (SMP3) ti phnghu c b mn Ha Hc Khoa Khoa Hc.

- Chy ph IR xc nh nhm chc ti vin Ha Hc, Thnh Ph H ChMinh.

3.2. KT QU

- im nng chy l 1530C.

So snh vi ti cng b 3:

Hp cht im chy

Hp cht A 1530C

Calophyllolide 1580C - 1600C

- Sc k bn mng : Cho mt vt trn mu vng.(H: n-hexane/EtOAc(2:1)

(H : PE/EtOAc(2:1)

(H: Bezene/EtOAc(2:1)

5,05

5,22

==Rf

48,05

4,21

==Rf

72,05

6,33

==Rf

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SVTH: L Minh Vng 51

- Kt qu o ph IR v snh vi cc ti liu cng bBng3.1 Kt qu o ph IR:

Ph IR

(cm-1) Nhm chc

3286,56 CH3

2836,54 Vng thm

1672,42 ceton

1656,11 ceton

1305,55 anken1193,21 anken

1171,16 CH thm cnh nhau




600,90

Bng 3.2 Kt qu o ph IR hp cht Calophylloid cng b:

Ph IR

(cm-1) Nhm chc

2968 Vng thm

1728 Lacton1662 ceton

1639 ceton

1579 ceton

1496

1380 anken

1334 anken

1276 anken

Calophyllolide

MeO O

O

O

Ph

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SVTH: L Minh Vng 52

Qua cc kt qa o nhit nng chy, kt qu o ph c th kt lun s b

rng cht A m chng ti c lp c c nhit nng chy gn khong nhit

nng chy ca Calophyllolide. V o ph cht A c cc nhm chc gn ging

vi kt qu ca Calophyllolide cng b 3.

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SVTH: L Minh Vng 53

PHN IV

KT LUN V KIN NGH

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SVTH: L Minh Vng 54

4.1.KT LUN

Qu trnh lm th nghim gip chng ti nm vng hn nhng kin thc hc.

Trong thi gian lm th nghim chng ti thy mnh cn nhiu vn phi hc hi

thm. Thc nghim c lp c hp cht A, nhng chng ti ch mi kho st nhit

nng chy, v o IR xc s b nhm chc ca cht A. V chng ti cng tin

hnh so snh vi cc ti liu cng b v Calophyllolide[3], chng ti nhn thy rng

c nhiu thng s gn ging. Nhng vn cha iu kin xc nh cht A l

Calophyllolide.

4.2.KIN NGH

Qua thi gian thc hin chng ti t nhng kt qu nh trn. Nhng vi

nhng s liu cha xc nh c cu trc ca cht A c lp v cng nh

dc tnh. Chng ti c mt s kin ngh sau:

o thm ph UV, MS, NMR xc nh r thm cu trc ca cht A. Kim tra hot tnh sinh hc ca cht A. Nghin cu, c lp thm cc cht trong nha t ht nhn xc nh

thnh r thm phn ha hc ca nha.

Nghin cu thm tc dng dc l ca du th, du tinh v nha.

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SVTH: L Minh Vng 55

PH LC

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SVTH: L Minh Vng 56

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1]. Nguyn Ngc Hnh, 2002,Tch chit v c lp hp cht t nhin, Gio trnhcao hc.

[2]. Nguyn Ngc Hnh, 2007,Nghin cu phi ch kem tr bnh ngoi da chahot cht du m u, Lun vn tt nghip chuyn ngnh Cng Ngh Ha Hc

Khoa Cng Ngh Trng i Hc Cn Th.

[3]. Trn Thanh Tho, V Th Bch Hu, Nguyn Khc Hunh C.Phn lp vxc nh cu trc ca Calophyllolid t ht cy m u. Tp ch Dc hc.

Trng i hc Y Dc TP. H Ch Minh. S 9/2002.

[4]. J. A. Allen, Paul Smiths College, Paul Smiths, NY, Species DescriptionsPart II. 357 (1989)

[5]. Adeniyi Adeyeye, J. Sci Food Agric. 1991, 57, 441-442.[6]. Ya. Ching Shen and et al. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 51(7) 802 806 (2003).[7]. Claude Spino, Marco Dodier and et al. Bioogranic & Medicinal Chemistry

Letters 8(1998) 3475-3478.

[8]. J.B. Friday and Dana Okano, Species Profiles for Pacific IslandAgroforestry, ver. 2.I, April 2006

[9]. Fresdreric Laure and et al.Analytica chimica acta 624 (2008) I45 I53[10].Gentry 1993, Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium 1976, Wagner and others

1990

[11].T. R. Govindachari et al, Tetrahedron, Vol. 23, pp. 1901 to 1910 (1967)[12].J. Hemavathy and J. V. Prabhakar, JAOCS. Vol, no 12 (December 1990).[13].

B. Jackson, H.D. Locksley and Schein Mann.Phytochemistry,1969

, Vol 8,pp 927-929.

[14].F. Laure, G. Herbette and et al. Magn. Reson. Chem. 2005; 43; 65-68.[15].Kazuyoshi Kawazu et al, Tetrahedron Letters, No. 19, pp. 2383-2385,

(1968)

[16].Kazuyoshi Kawazu and et al.Tetrahedron Letters No. 19, pp. 2383-2385.1968

[17].V. kumar, S. Ramachandran and et al. Phytochemistry. 1976, Vol 15, pp2016-2017.

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[18].Maira Huerta Reyes and et al. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 27(9) 1471 1475(2004)

[19].Muhammad Shaiq Ali and et al.Phytochemistry 50 (1999) 1385 1389[20].Munekazu Itnuma, Hideki Tosa and et al.Phytochemistry. Vol. 35, No. 2,

pp.527-532, 1994.

[21].17.Marie C. Yimdjo, Anatole. G. Azebaze and et al. Phytochemistry 65(2004) 2789 2795.

[22].Masataka Itoigawa, Chihiro Ito and et al.Cancer Letters 169 (2001) 15 19.[23].www.dweckdata.com/Published_papers/Tamanu.pdf[24].www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calophyllum_inophyllum[25].www.thaythuoccuaban.com/vithuoc/muu.htm[26].http://www.ykhoanet.com/yhoccotruyen/29_352.htm[27].www.aromatrading.com/calophyl/.[28].www.herbalgram.org/iherb/herbalgram/articleview.asp?a=2709[29].www.jeanerose.net/articles/calophyllum.html.[30].www.noni-juice-plus.com/eshop.

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