CARTOGRAPHY SKILLS Mapmaking Social Studies 9 Mrs. Mactavish.
Cartography Basics: How Geographic Data are Stored and Represented.
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Transcript of Cartography Basics: How Geographic Data are Stored and Represented.
Cartography Basics:How Geographic Data are Stored and Represented
Maps
Images: air photos, satellite images
Databasesorganized sets of data that are required for a specific purpose
Some categories of maps (as well as images and databases):
Small-scale vs. large-scale
Reference vs. thematic
Scale
Ratio between the size of the earth’s features on the map and the size of the same features on the ground.
Verbal scale: “1 inch equals 5 miles” Bar scale
3 Ways of indicating scale ..
0 10 20 30km
• Representative fraction: “1:24,000”
What unit of distance is used in this scale?
The numerator is always 1
1:10,000 means:• one inch on the map equals 10,000 inches on the earth• one cm on the map equals 10,000 cm on the earth
What is an advantage of using RF to indicate scale?
Representative fraction (RF):
124,000
1:24000 =
Large-scale vs. small-scale: Small scale: the map is small compared to the
reality
Large scale: the map is large (relatively) compared to the reality
LARGE scale is when the RF is large (that is, the denominator is small)
SMALL scale is when the RF is small
Large scale vs. small scale
1:24,000 1:100,000
124,000
1100,00
0
Summary: Large vs small scale
Large scale Small scale
Map is large compared to reality
Map is small compared to reality
RF is a larger number:
1:24,000
RF is a smaller number:
1:250,000
Which is the larger-scale image?
Which is the larger-scale RF?
1:50,000 1:200,000
Reference mapsvs.
Thematic maps:
Reference maps:• Emphasize spatial location
Thematic maps:• Emphasize spatial patterns
Planimetric maps
Any map that doesn’t attempt to show “relief features” of earth
Cadastral map
Topographic
Greek: Topos=place + graphien=to describe Maps that do show the shape of the terrain
Bathymetric maps
Show water depth Bathymetric map of 1855
Reference or thematic?
Reference or thematic?
Reference or thematic?
Reference or thematic?
Reference or thematic?
Reference or thematic ?
“Cartogram”
What common element of most maps is missing from a cartogram?
Leading candidate, by county
Summary:Ways of representing geographic
information
Maps
Images
Databases
•Small-scale vs. large-scale
•Reference vs. thematic
Mapping the “where”