Carroll Harris Presentation
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Evaluation of the Sandwich Plate System in Bridge Decks Using a Plate Approach
Devin Harris Michigan TechChris Carroll Virginia TechA Comparison Between ANSYS and GT STRUDL Models
Project OverviewSPS Introduction
SPS for Civil Structures
Introduction to SPSDeveloped by Intelligent EngineeringMaritime industryBridge Application (deck)Pre-fab PanelsDisadvantagesCostLimited applicationNo design provisionsAdvantagesLightweightRapid installationNew/rehab
Prefabricated Decks/BridgesFabricated panel limited girder configurationWide girder spacing Larger cantileversFast erectionStructured Panel Deck
Half-Scale Bridge (VT Laboratory)Span 40 ft; width 14.75 ftDeck 1 in. (3.2-19.1-3.2)8 SPS panelsTransversely welded/boltedBolted to girders (composite)2 girder construction
Shenley Bridge (St. Martin, QC)Completed - November 20037 days of total constructionSpan 74 ft; width 23 ftDeck 2 in. (6.4-38-6.4)10 SPS panelsTransversely welded/boltedBolted to girders (composite)3 girder construction
LAY PANELSERECT GIRDERS& BRACINGSequence of SPS ConstructionBOLT PANELS TO BEAMS & TOGETHERWELD DECK SEAM
COAT DECKERECT BARRIERSSequence of SPS ConstructionLAY ASPHALT
Prefabricated Decks/BridgesSimple plate many girder configurationSmall girder spacingShort cantileversGirders attached to deck in factoryVery fast erectionSimple Plate Deck
Cedar Creek Bridge (Wise County, TX)2-Lane rural roadSPS Deck (integral girders)Span = [email protected] ftWidth = 30 ftDeck 1-5/8 in.5/16-1-5/16
Fabrication Process
Current Bridge Projects New Bridge IBRC Cedar Creek Texas June 08
Research ObjectiveTo develop a simple design procedure for SPS decks for bridge applications
SPS Deck Design ApproachAASHTO Deck DesignDesign MethodsLinear Elastic (Equivalent Strip)Inelastic (Yield-Line)Empirical (R/C only)Orthotropic PlateLimit StatesServiceabilityStrengthFatigueSPS Approach (Layered Plate)Variable loads and B.C.sAssume deflection controls
SPS Plate Representation
Analysis OptionsClassical Plate ApproachNavierLevyEnergy (Ritz)Finite Element ApproachShellSolidGrid (line elements)Approach primarily dependent on B.C.s
FE Model ApproachShell ModelAdvantagesIdeal for thin elementsComputationally efficientMembrane/bending effectsSingle thru thickness elementSolid ModelAdvantagesRealistic geometry representationElement connectivity
DisadvantagesElement compatibilityElement connectivityStacking limitations*
DisadvantagesCan be overly stiffUser error (more likely)Complicated mesh refinement
Material Properties*Dt = flexural rigidity for layered plate (equivalent to EI for a beam)*Ventsel, E., and Krauthammer, T. (2001). Thin plates and shells:theory, analysis, and applications, Marcel Dekker, New York, NY.
Face Plates (Steel)Core (Polyurethane)Composite SectionYoungs Modulus (E -ksi)29,878109Poissons Ratio (n)0.2870.36Flexural Rigidity (D)N/A
Element Validation (Generic)Givens:Boundary Conditions: Fully RestrainedMaterial Properties: E=29,000 ksi; n=0.25 Dimensions: thickness=6 (constant); a=b=L [L/t 1-200]Load: q = 0.01 ksi (uniform)
ANSYSShell 63 (4-node)Shell 91/93 (8-node)Solid 45 (8-node)Solid 95, Solid 191 (20-node)
GT STRUDLBPR (4-node plate)SBHQ6 (4-node shell)IPLS (8-node solid)IPQS (20-node solid)
GT STRUDL ModelsElement TypesBPRSBHQ6IPLSIPQS
GT STRUDL ModelsMesh Verification
Chart1
0.004380.004030.00080.000810.000810.003990.004110.004130.00469
0.00480.00470.002210.002290.00230.004740.004810.004830.00469
0.004730.004710.00350.003720.003770.004830.004880.00489
0.004710.004710.004110.004430.004510.004860.00490.0049
0.00470.004710.00430.004660.004740.004871.51.5
BPR
SBHQ6
IPLS 1
IPLS 2
IPLS 3
IPQS 1
IPQS 2
IPQS 3
Theoretical
Mesh Refinement
Sheet1
BPRSBHQ6IPLS 1IPLS 2IPLS 3IPQS 1IPQS 2IPQS 3
240.004380.004030.00080.000810.000810.003990.004110.00413
120.00480.00470.002210.002290.00230.004740.004810.00483
60.004730.004710.00350.003720.003770.004830.004880.00489
30.004710.004710.004110.004430.004510.004860.00490.0049
1.50.00470.004710.00430.004660.004740.00487
300.00469
00.00469
Chart2
0.84562022341.05020576131.11158142271.33662551441.12863021751.00907554381.0039609053
0.74652410350.94450323340.99714138741.03358318641.02974720751.00527952311.0041740153
0.72024498460.91787781080.9684914205401.00911949771.003439971.0042082181
0.71562842480.91323921660.9634226599601.00415033641.00200379031.0042148059
0.7134188070.91172426150.9617501539801.00334821430.99341486181.0042176602
0.71281249850.91107668431001001.0031272193
0.71202118610.91051926871501501.0031388293
0.71174396532002002001.0032761618
IPLS 1 layer
IPLS 2 layers
IPLS 3 layers
IPLS 6 layers
IPQS
BPR
SBHQ6
IPLS
0.84562022341.05020576131.11158142271.33662551441.1286302175
0.74652410350.94450323340.99714138741.03358318641.0088624339
0.72024498460.91787781080.96849142051.00230930340.978600823
0.71562842480.91323921660.9634226599600.9732493958
0.7134188070.91172426150.96175015398080
0.71281249850.9110766843100100100
0.71202118610.9105192687150150150
0.7117439653200200200200
IPLS 6x6x6
IPLS 3x3x3
IPLS 2x2x2
IPLS 1x1x1
IPLS 2x2x1
L/t Ratio
dFEA/dCLASSICAL
IPLS Element Validation
Sheet2
q0.01
D556800IPLS
thickness6 in.3 in.2in.1 in.1 in.1 in.IPQSBPRSBHQ6
L/ttLdCLAdFEdFE/dCLA1x12x23x3dFEdFE/dCLA
106600.0002930.0002480.84562022340.0003081.05020576130.0003261.11158142270.0003921.33662551440.0003311.128630217500.0003311.1286302175
2061200.0046920.0035030.74652410350.0044320.94450323340.0046790.99714138740.004851.03358318640.0047341.008862433900.0048321.02974720750.0047351.00907554380.0047111.0039609053
4062400.0750790.0540750.72024498460.0689130.91787781080.0727130.96849142050.0752521.00230930340.0734720.97860082300.07576331.00911949770.0754751.00527952310.0753921.0041740153
6063600.3800860.2720.71562842480.3471090.91323921660.3661830.96342265990.3699180.973249395800.3816631.00415033640.3813931.003439970.3816851.0042082181
8064801.2012580.8570.7134188071.0952160.91172426151.155310.961750153901.205281.00334821431.2036651.00200379031.2063211.0042148059
10066002.9327592.0905070.71281249852.6719680.911076684302.941931.00312721932.9134460.99341486182.9451281.0042176602
150690014.84709110.5714430.712021186113.5185620.9105192687014.8936931.0031388293
2006120046.92413833.3979720.7117439653047.0778691.0032761618
11
10001
450
Sheet3
GT STRUDL ModelsTwo Dimensional Example60 in.60 in.IPLQ (2D equivalent of IPLS) Linear Shape FunctionIPQQ (2D equivalent of IPQS) Quadratic Shape FunctionA shape function is the relationship of displacements within an element.
GT STRUDL ModelsTwo Dimensional Example60 in.60 in.One Layer
GT STRUDL ModelsTwo Dimensional Example60 in.60 in.Two Layers
GT STRUDL ModelsTwo Dimensional Example60 in.60 in.Three Layers
GT STRUDL ModelsTwo Dimensional Example60 in.60 in.Four Layers
GT STRUDL ModelsTwo Dimensional Example120 in.120 in.
GT STRUDL ModelsTwo Dimensional Example
Chart1
0.7037982350.69912614640.6994722270.7163869182
0.86874891850.89120089980.89734383110.8996366153
0.9146911230.940214570.94722270290.9499048278
0.93182211460.95877314410.96608409760.9689392628
IPLQ 1 Layer
IPLQ 2 Layers
IPLQ 3 Layers
IPLQ 4 Layers
Number of Longitudinal Divisions
dFEA/dClassical
2D Element Comparison Example
Chart1 (2)
0.7037982350.69912614640.6994722270.71638691820.9880169580.9945924901
0.86874891850.89120089980.89734383110.89963661530.99208340540.9972313549
0.9146911230.940214570.94722270290.94990482780.99307838730.9978802561
0.93182211460.95877314410.96608409760.96893926280.99364076830.9981830767
IPLQ 1 Layer
IPLQ 2 Layers
IPLQ 3 Layers
IPLQ 4 Layers
IPQQ 1 Layer
IPQQ 2 Layers
Number of Longitudinal Divisions
dFEA/dClassical
2D Element Comparison Example
Sheet1
IPLQ1234
ActualAct/TheoActualAct/TheoActualAct/TheoActualAct/Theo
50.162690.7040.161610.6990.161690.6990.16560.716
100.200820.8690.206010.8910.207430.8970.207960.900
150.211440.9150.217340.9400.218960.9470.219580.950
200.21540.9320.221630.9590.223320.9660.223980.969
IPQQ12
ActualAct/TheoActualAct/Theo
50.228390.9880.229910.995
100.229330.9920.230520.997
150.229560.9930.230670.998
200.229690.9940.230740.998
Sheet2
Sheet3
Chart1
0.7037982350.69912614640.6994722270.7163869182
0.86874891850.89120089980.89734383110.8996366153
0.9146911230.940214570.94722270290.9499048278
0.93182211460.95877314410.96608409760.9689392628
IPLQ 1 Layer
IPLQ 2 Layers
IPLQ 3 Layers
IPLQ 4 Layers
Number of Longitudinal Divisions
dFEA/dClassical
2D Element Comparison Example
Chart1 (2)
0.7037982350.69912614640.6994722270.71638691820.9880169580.9945924901
0.86874891850.89120089980.89734383110.89963661530.99208340540.9972313549
0.9146911230.940214570.94722270290.94990482780.99307838730.9978802561
0.93182211460.95877314410.96608409760.96893926280.99364076830.9981830767
IPLQ 1 Layer
IPLQ 2 Layers
IPLQ 3 Layers
IPLQ 4