. - 1. , , . , , , . . , - . . , , 1.

2. : ,Cooper v. Nevill, The Times .(.Mar. 10th , 1961, [1961] C.L.Y. 5951 (P.C : .Coughlin v .(.Kuntz [1987] 17 B.C.L.R. 2d 365 (S.C : Guarantee Trust Co. v. Mall Medical 145 . .Group [1969] S.C.R' , "

1

" 141)5( )2002( 354. 000,081 . : 984 ,084 .Stewart v. Jones [1986] 126 L.S.J.S .(.(S.A.S.C

]37[

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5

6

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3. )( - . . )( - , . . , , 01.. 01 " 85/912 ' , " 3621: , . , : " , . , . ". 811 . :Bolam v. Friern Hospital Management Committee [1957] 2 All E.R - , . , . , . , " , , " ) , , " 75/461 ' , " 438: " , , "(. : " )"( 75/5241 ' ", " 37; " )'( 46/838 ' " -, " 113. " )"( 46/3591 ' " , " 861: , ,

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]87[

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1. , , , 21. 31. , , , . . 41. , 51. , , , , , 61. -, . , . 71. - - , 81. , . .)6691 ,.Hollis v. Ferguson, 417 P. 2d 989 (Ore .)7691 ,.Kovac v. Hick, 416 S.W. 2d 496 (Tex .)9691 ,.Dick v. Shawano, Mun. Hosp., 168 N.W. 2d 824 (Wis 21 M. Siegal, The Nature of the Diagnostic Process: A Comparison with Judicial Decision Making 22(3) Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 413. M. Balint, The 11 )0891 ,.Doctor, His Patient & The Illness (New York

, , 104. 121 )2791( .Ya-lun Chau, Probability and Statistics for Decision Making 61 )7691( .D. Miller & M. Starr, The Structure of Human Decision 61 )7691( .A. Wallis & H. Roberts, Statistics 11 )2791( .R. Coyle, Decision Analysis

31 41 51 61 71

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81 , , 61.

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91 02 12 22

32 Wolski v. Tiesenga, 381 N.E. 2d 279 (Ill., 1978): Diagnosis is a matter of .judgement 42 8691 ,..(Blacks Law Dictionary (4th ed L. King, What is a Diagnosis? 202 Journal of the American Medical Association .451 )7691( 52 1 )9791 ,..M. Harvey & J. Bordley, Differential Diagnosis (3rd ed

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, , , , , , - . 03 , , 7. 13 143 )4691 ,..McBryde, Signs and Symptoms (4th ed 23 .(.Layden v. Cope [1984] 28 C.C.L.T. 140 (Alta. Q.B

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, , . , , . , 33. , , , , , 43. , - , . , , . : , 53. , , 63. 73..).Bergen v. Sturgeon Gen. Hosp. [1984] 28 C.C.L.T. 155 (Alta. Q.B 33 21 )7491( ..I. Webere , Misdiagnosis or Error of Judgement 2(4) J. Leg. Med 43 A. Elstein, M. Loupe & J. Erdmann, An Experimental Study of Medical 54 )1791( .Diagnostic Thinking Journal of Structural Learning 53 34 )7591 ,.Nathan, Medical Negligence (London :312 .Hunter v. Hanley [1955] S.L.T The true test for establishing negligence in diagnosis or treatment on the part of a doctor is whether he has been proved to be guilty of such failure as .no doctor of ordinary skill would be guilty of it acting with ordinary care & R. Johnson, A. Duran, R. Hassebrock, J. Moller, M. Prietula, P. Feltovich D. Swanson, Expertise and Error in Diagnostic Reasoning 5 Cognitive Science .532 ,A. Rubin, Hypothesis Formation and Evaluation in Medical Diagnosis (Cambridge .)5791 5 P. Wortman, Medical Diagnosis: An Information-Processing Approach .513 )2791( Computers and Biomedical Research 63 3691 ,..(Willard v. Hutson, 378 P. 2d 966 (Ore .)5691 ,.Word v. Henderson, 142 S.E. 2d 244 (Ga .)6691 ,.Mull v. Emory Univ. Inc., 150 S.E. 2d 276 (Ga. App 73 182 )9691( ..W. Curran, Medical Malpractice in Diagnosis New E.J 723 . :Frazer v. Vancouver General Hospital [1951] 3 W.W.R

- . . , . ,

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, , : " - . "83. 93. , . , . 2442 . :Payne v. St. Helliers Group H.M.C. [1952] C.L.Y - . )( . . 7491( 557 :(Meyers Brya Jonnson v. Borland, 317 Mich. 225, 26 N.W. 2d , . . . - . " )"( 65/968, : " 75/461 ' ", " 438: , , . , , , . , , . , . . , , , , - . 83 915 .:Mitchell v. Dixon [1914] App. DIn the present state of science even the most eminent specialist may be at fault in detecting the true nature of a diseased condition. A practitioner can only be held liable in this respect if his diagnosis is so palpably wrong as to prove negligence, that is to say, if his mistake is of such a nature as to imply .an absence of reasonable skill in the profession : 23 1741 )2791( ..J.A.M.A. (1942) 251; 221 J.A.M.A

93 , , , , , , . - %11-, , ,

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04

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44

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, , , 54. 64. , , , , 74. , - . , 84. , , . , , 94. , 54 9791 ,. :(Watkins v. United States, 589 F. 2d 214 (3 Cir , , . 5791 ,. :(Howlett v. Greenberg, 539 P. 2d 491 (Cir - . . 64 2595 .:McCormack v. Redpath Brown, The Times, March 24th, 1961, [1961] C.L.Y . , , , . ": 462 ..Giurelli v. Girgis [1980] 24 S.A.S.R.H. Hirsh, The Physicians Duty to Stop, Look, Listen and Communicate 5 Med .144 )6891( & Law :818 ,408 .Wilson v. Swanson [1956] S.C.R 74 D. MacEwan, Diagnostic Imaging 120(2) Canadian Medical Association Journal 021 )9791(. 84 Crivon v. Barnet Group Hospital Management Committee, The Times, November :(.19th, 1958 (C.A -

.

94 J. Kassirer & S. Pauker, Should Diagnostic Testing be Regulated? 299(17) The 749 )8791( .New England Journal of Medicine

. , . . 6791 ,. :(Kortus v. Jensen, 237 N.W. 2d 845 (Neb .

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, 05. . . , . , . , . . . . . . 371 672 ) %26(. %02- %4715. - 000,25 86- , , 25. , - . , %02, , , 35.05 D. Ransohoff & A. Feinstein, Problems of Spectrum and Bias in Evaluating the Efficacy of Diagnostic Tests 299(17) The New England Journal of Medicine 629 )8791(. 15 K. Geboes, J. Hillemans & H. Bossaert, Is the Elderly Patient Accurately 19 )9791 .Diagnosed? 34(5) Geriatrics (May 25 R. Burford & R. Averill, The Relationship Between Diagnostic Information )4(71 Available of Admission and Discharge for Patients in One PRSO Setting 963 )9791( .Medical Care

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]19[

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71 , . , . , : 7891, . . . . , , , . 0791 ,. :(Lipsey v. Michael Reese Hosp., 262 N.E. 2d 450 (Ill . 91 )2891( :Medical Defence Union, Annual Report 13 , , . , . . . , . . . , , . . 22 )3891( :Medical Defence Union, Annual Report 71 . , , . , . . . ..7791.11.01 ,Price v. Milawsky et al., Supreme Court of Ontario 1)4( 303 )7791( :Legal Medical Quarterly, 14,

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]49[

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, 86. - , . . . . , , . , . , , , . . , , , , , . 96.96 503 North American Company for Life and Health Insurance v. Berger, 648 F. 2d 1891 81 .((C.A. 5, Ga., June 42 )3891( :Medical Defence Union, Annual Report

86 " )-( 88/249 ' ' ", " ") 1( 3.

, , . . , . , , . . 2691 ,. :(Hungerford v. United States, 307 F. 2d 99 (9 Cir . 151 :Rural Education Assn v. Anderson, 261 S.W. 2d . , . , - .

]59[

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, , . . : 2791( 015 .(Bryant v. Rankin, 468 F. 2d 1632 . :Wood v. Thorston, The Times, May 25th 1951, [1951] C.L.Y , , . . 81 , . :(.Hopital Notre-Dame de LEsperance v. Laurent [1977] 3 C.C.L.T. 109 (S.C.C - . 13 )3891( :Medical Defence Union, Annual Report . . , , - ,ulnar styloid - .waist scaphoid , . - , , , . 005,5 " . " 28/85 ' ', " )3( 352: , ,

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. - . 17 32 )4891( :Medical Defence Union, Annual Report . , , . , . , , , . , , , , . , , , . 32 )3891( :Medical Defence Union, Annual Report 25 . , . . , .

]79[

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. . , , /. . , " ". , , . 37 03 )3891( .Medical Defence Union, Annual Report 47 " )'( 27/4811 ) (: 51 . . , .

]89[

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, . . - - , 57. 31 , . . , , , 67. , , 77, - , , . " , . , , . , . 57 " 09/5243 ' ', " )1( 123. 67 Forquet v. Caledonian Hospital, 439 N.Y.S. 2d 435 (N.Y. Sup. Ct. App. Div., June 1891 8(. 1891 82 . :(Murdoch v. Thomas, 404 S. 2d 580 (Ala. Sup. Ct., Aug . , . , . , . . . . 77 " 69/9073, 14623 ' ' ', " )4( 948, 658: . - , . , -, , , .

]99[

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12 , . . , . , , . .ceporex , , , . . . , , . 91 )4891( :Medical Defence Union, Annual Report 84, , . , , . . , . , . - , , . : R. Lee, Health and Safety in Hospitals 19(2) Medicine, Science and the 09 )9791( .Law . , , . - . : 3791( 795 :(Hurtt v. Goleburn, 315 A. 2d 11 . , . . . , . . , , , . , , )( 7. 91 )2891( :Medical Defence Union, Annual Report 15 , . . . , . . 9791 ,.:(Pulvers v. Kaiser Foundation Health Plan, 160 Cal. Rptr. 392 (App. Ct . Elder v. Greenwich & Depford Hospital Management Committee, The Times, July :3591 7th

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]301[

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]401[

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48 M. Mouri, Cerebral Palsy and the Obstetrician 16(8) Legal Aspects of Medical 3 .Practice 1891 ,72 :(Steel v. Bemis, 431 A. 2d 113 (N.H. Sup. Ct., May

: . , , . ; . , . , , . . 6791( 083 :(Landerow v. Flood, 551 P. 2d 11 . - , - .

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, , . . , , . 19. - 29. )( ] [ 39 , 49. , " "59, . , , , 69. , , 79. 89. ,09 , : , - . 19 ,D. Brauer, Biotechnology Legal, Economic and Ethical Dimensions (New York 5991 ,..(2nd ed 29 D. Hoffman & E. Wulfsberg, Testing Children for Genetic Predispositions: Is It in 133 )5991( .Their Best Interest? 23 Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 39 ", 3. 49 ", 2. 59 ,.M. Lesnik & B. Anderson, Nursing Practice and the Law (Philadelphia, 2nd ed 562 )2691. 69 G. Annas, L. Glantz & B. Katz, The Rights of Doctors, Nurses and Allied Health 42 )1891 ,.Professionals (Cambridge 79 )0791 ,I. Murchison & T. Nichols, Legal Foundations of Nursing Practice (London 09. 89 )7791 ,98D. Rothman & L. Rothman, The Professional Nurse and the Law (Boston 07.

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601 ' , )3791( 43. 701 5591( 413 .(Goff. v. National Motor Bearing Co., 136 Cal. App. 2d 801 665 )6591 ,..L. Regan, The Doctor, the Patient and the Law (St. Louis, 3rd ed

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3. - " ... , "111. 901 9691( 727 ..(Laidlaw v. Lions Gate Hospital, 70 W.W.R 011 145-535 ..Dryden v. Surrey County Council and Stewart [1936] 2 All E.R 111 " )"( 47/0582 ) (. : ' , " ?" )91 ' 9791( 03. ' . ' , , . ' ,

]211[

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]311[

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]411[

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]511[

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611 Hains v. Bellissimo, Cleghorn, University Medical McMaster Centre, Supreme 292 )7791( .Court of Ontario (15.12.1977); 1(4) Legal Medical Quarterly

. , : ' , ) 3791( 53. - - . . , , : " 67/447 " ' , " )1( 311.

: ' , " " ) 0891( 4..408 .Vilson v. Swanson [1956] S.C.R

711 " 19/5204 ' ", " )3( 487: , , , . . . , . , , , . . 811 W. Feldman, The Handwriting is On the Wall 11(9) Legal Aspects of Medical 8 )3891( .Practice 911 038 ..Watkins v. Jacob Pharmacy Co., 171 S.E

]611[

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]711[

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3.

. , . , -321 93 )3891( .Medical Defence Union, Annual Report 421 83 )3891( .Medical Defence Union, Annual Report 521 ' , ) 6891( 601. 621 111 )3991 ,.M. Flight, Law, Liability and Ethics (New York

]811[

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341 41 )2891( .Medical Defence Union, Annual Report 441 82 )2891( .Medical Defence Union, Annual Report 541 51 )2891( .Medical Defence Union, Annual Report

]321[

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]521[

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]621[

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851 " 28/85 ' ', " )3( 352, 952. 951 " 98/987 , ' , " )1( 217. " 19/5422, 9532 ' ' ; ' ', " ) 3( 907. " 69/3623 ' ' , ', " )3( 718, 428: )( , . .

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1. :

, , , . , , . . , . , , . , , . , , , . , . - , 461. 24 . , . - , - . 561.361 , , . 461 : 89 ,39 ..Thompson v. Davison [1975] Q.D.R :(.Chapman v. Rix, The Times, Dec. 22nd 1960, [1960] C.L.Y. 2186 (H.L- ..)0791 ,.Jeanes v. Milner, 428 F. 2d 598 (8th Cir 561 401 .Murray v. St. Marys Hospital, 280 N.Y. App. Div. 803, 113 N.Y.S. 2d .Harrington v. San Antonio Community Hospital, California, no. 164870, 24 Atla. L .)1891 .Rep. 41 (Feb .)7791 ,.Hermandez v. Smith, 552 F. 2d 142 (5th Cir

]031[

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]131[

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2. - . , , . , , 81 . , . . , . , 81 , , 961. . . , , . . . , . , , . . 071. , , , 171. , . . . , . 861 8591( 92 .(Golf v. Doctor General Hosp., 166 Cal. App. 2d 314, 333 P. 2d 961 125 ).Mackdonald v. York County Hospital Corp. et al. [1972] 28 D.L.R. (3d 071 3791 ,.(Karrigan v. Nazareth Convent & Academy, Inc., 510 P. 2d 190 (Kansas 171 6491( 953 .(Valentin v. La Societe Francaise, etc., 76 Cal. App. 2d 172, P. 2d

]231[

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3. , , , . , . , : " , , ". 371. , .271 " 87/884 ' ', " )4( 642. 371 372 )0891 ,.S. Strauss, Doctor, Patient and the Law (Pretoria : G. Annas, L. Glantz & B. Katz, The Rights of Doctors, Nurses and Allied 13 )1891 ,.Health Professionals (Cambridge

]331[

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4. , . , , 471. . , , , . , , 571.471 ', , 43. 571 9791 ,:(Tuma v. Idaho Board of Nursing, 593 P. 2d 711 (Utah , . . , .

]431[

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. . , , , . , , . . , , . , , . , 671. , , , . , , , . . . , - . , " ". , . 671 : ,204 McQuay v. Eastwood [1886] 12 OR410 (C.A.): Where, in the nature of the case the doctor cannot perform the service himself, he is bound to give such instructions as will enable an ordinary person to follow his directions; and, if he failed to do so and injury resulted to the patient .therefrom, he would be guilty of actionable negligence

" 56/734, 044 ' - , " )3( 546: . . .

]531[

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771. - , 871. , 971. , 081. , 181, - 281, 381, 481. . . . - , . , . , , , 771 64 )7591 ,.Nathan, Medical Negligence (London 871 .(.Marshall v. Rogers [1943] 2 W.W.R. 545 (B.C. C.A 971 : , , . 081 .(.Crichton v. Hastings [1972] 29 D.L.R. (3d) 692 (Ont. C.A 181 8791 ,. (Becker v. Schwartz, 386 N.E. 2d 807 (N.Y : 53. 281 3891 ,. :(Harbeson v. Parke-Davis, 656 P. 2d 483 (Wash . 381 2891( 733 ..(Turpin v. Sortini, 182 Cal. Rptr 4891 ,. :(Goldberg v. Ruskin, 471 N.E. 2d 530 (Ill. App -. ": 2891 ,..(Naccash v. Burger, 290 S.E. 2d 825 (Va 1891 ,. :(Speck v. Finegold, 439 A. 2d 110 (Pa. 481 1891 ,..(Robak v. United States, 658 F. 2d 471 (7th Cir

]631[

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]731[

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]831[

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]931[

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1. .

291 '' . ) (Mellaril , . , 16, . )(, : . , . . , , . , - - . 391 415 :Adelaide Chemical and Fertilyzer Co. v. Carlyle [1940] 64 CLR , . 491 1 " )) .Ativan . , , . , . : 83 )3891( .Medical Defence Union, Annual Report 591 8891 ,. :(Mikkelsen v. Haslam, 764 P. 2d 1384 (Utah. App' , . " , . , , , . , , . , . , " , , , , . ".1 7(3) The Malpractice Reporter 7891 ,). :(Webster v. Johnson, 737 S.W. 2d 884 (Tex. App. Houston (1 Dist

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991 503 North American Company for Life and Health Insurance v. Berger, 648 F. 2d 1891 .((C.A. 5, Ga., June 18th

" 88/793 " ' ' , " )2( 314: , -, , ) , (. 478 :Tolisiano v. Texon, 533 N.Y.S. 2d 26 . " . . , , , , . , . 002 53 )3891( .Medical Defence Union, Annual Report

]241[

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]341[

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102. 202. - , , ) %34(302. , " ", , , 402.102 583 . :Logan v. Waitaki Hospital Board [1936] N.Z.L.R , . , . 02 03 . , . , , . 202 98 )7591 ,.Nathan, Medical Negligence (London 302 ,.M. Lesnik & B. Anderson, Nursing Practice and the Law (Philadelphia, 2nd ed 372 )2691 . 53 , 31 , 31 . 402 7491( 495 .(Las Vegas Hospital Inc. v. Gaffney, 64 Nev. 225, 180 P. 2d " )"( 35/435 ' , " )( 361: 5 . , . . , " ". . , , , . . - , , . . . " ". . , , . ; .

]441[

" nevo.co.il

, 502, , - 602, 702. , . . 802. 07 , ) .(iliac artery 902. . . , , . . , 012. , : 31, , - . - , . : , , , , . . . , . 502 495 205Danville Community Hospital Inc. v. Thompson, 186 Va. 746, 43 S.E. 2d 7491((. 602 8491( 177 .(Hurt v. Susnow, 192 P. 2d 702 5391( 737 .(Timbrell v. Suburban Hospital Inc., 4 Cal. 2d 68, 47 P. 2d 802 72 )8791( .Medical Defence Union, Annual Report 902 , . 012 , .

]541[

" nevo.co.il

, , . . , , 112.

2. 212.

3. . . . . , . . , . , , .

112 Cox v. Carshalton Group Hospital Management Committee, The Times, March 29th 5591.

212 : 271 ..Fleming v. Sisters of St. Joseph [1938] S.C.R

]641[

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- 312. 412.

4. : . , , 512.

5. 32 . , . 612. . . , , 712. , 812.

312 . , 76, , . . - , . , , : 2791 ,..(Burke v. Pearson, 191 S.E. 2d 721 (S.C 412 4391( 295 :(Ditteret v. Fischer, 148 Ore. 366, 36 P. 2d : . , , , . 512 )6391( 8421 .Flower Hospital v. Hart, 178 Okla. 447, 62 P. 2d 612 65 )7791( .Medical Defence Union, Annual Report 712 36 )8691( .Medical Defence Union, Annual Report 812 223 ..Wible v. Shor, Pa. 157, A

]741[

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7.

8. , 912 9391 ,..(Miller v. Mohr et al., 198 Wash. 619, 89 P. 2d 807 (Wash. Sup. Ct 022 " )-( 95/57 ' , " 925; " 06/263 ' , " 093: . , . , . , , , . . , , , . , . , . , , , . , , . , . - . , . - , , : 779 ..Perionowsky v. Freeman [1866] 4 F.&F . , , : .Wisner v. Syracuse Memorial Hospital, 274 N.Y. App. Div 9491 ,..(1087, 86 N.Y.S. 2d 150 (Sup. Ct. N.Y. App. Div : 98 ,McGuinn v. Knickerbocker Hospital 9491( 23 .(N.Y.S. 2d

]841[

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- , 122. , , 222. . : - ; , , ; - ; - ; - , - . 322. , , -, , 422. , 522.122 164 221Oldis v. La Societe Francaise de Bienfaisance Mutuele, 130 Cal. App. 2d

5591((: . , , . . 222 29 )7591 ,.Nathan, Medical Negligence (London : 3 ,631 .Stuart Circle Hospital Corporation v. Carry, 173 Va 9391( 351 .(S.E. 2d 322 7391( 706 .(Randolph v. Oklahoma City General Hospital, 180 Okla. 513, 71 P. 2d 422 1391( 813 . (Davis v. Porter, 51 Idaho 81, 2 P. 2d " )-( 26/291 ' , " 893: 522 , . , . . . :.864 .Bernier v. Sisters of Service [1948] 2 D.L.R

]941[

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9. .

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]051[

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. , 822. . , , 922. . 032. , , , . . - , , . . 822 - : Report of the AdvisoryCommittee on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation National Academy of 631 )2791,.Sciences, National Research Council (Washington

005,1 - : J. Myrden & J. Hiltz, Breast Cancer Following Multiple Fluoroscopies001 During Artificial Pneumothorax Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis 2301 )9691( ..Can.Med.Assoc.J

000,21- : ,C. WaneboBreast Cancer After Exposure to the Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and 766 )8691( ..Nagasaki 279 N. Engl. J. Med

: F. Mettler & L. Hempelman, Breast Neoplasm in Women Treated with X-rays for Acute Post-Partum Mastitis 43 J.Natl. Cancer 308 )9691( ..Inst 922 987 )7791( :N. Simon, Breast Cancer Induced by Radiation 237 JAMA

006

032 Rummerfield, What You Should Know About Radiation Hazards 70 American 087 .Journal of Nursing

, .

]151[

" nevo.co.il

132. - , - - . . , . . , . . . . , . , , . . . , . . , 232. , " "332. : . . , 432.132 ,.Stephen Brown Radiology Associates v. Cowers, 278 S.E. 2d 653 (Ga. Ct. App 1891 4 . :(Feb

. - , . 232 8391( 369 .(Wood v. Miller, 158 Ore. 444, 76 P. 2d 332 9291( 338 ..(Moore v. Steen, 102 Cal. App. 723, 283 P 432 .(.Gold v. Essex County Council [1942] 2 All E.R. 237 (C.A

]251[

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01. , . 532 8591( 699 .(Ferrara v. Galluchio, 5 N.Y. 2d 16, 176 N.Y. Supp. 2d 632 9291 ,..(Hess v. Rouse, 22 S.W. 2d 1077 (Tex. Civ. App 732 " )"( 55/653 ' ' ' ', " 633. 832 8491 ..Coover v. Pailess Parker, 286 P

]351[

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, . , , , . : ; ; ; - ; - ; - , - - . , , , . ] [, " , , , "932. , , 042. ) (urethral caruncle . , . . , , , 932 ", 93. " 76/203 " ' , " )1( 042 112.

]451[

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, 142. 65, . , , . . . 242. , . . , , . , , , . - , . , , , . , . 342. , . , , , . . . , 142 781 . :Paton v. Parker [1942] 66 C.L.R , , . 242 72 )3891( .Medical Defense Union, Annual Report 342 837 ..Crysler v. Pearse [1943] 4 D.L.R : 181 ..Crits v. Sylvester [1955] 3 D.L.R

]551[

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, , , . , , , . , , , . , - 442.

11. , , . . , . , - . 542.

. 1. - , , 642. , 742 842. " 28/528 ' , " )3( 665. 442 542 14 )4891( .Medical Defense Union, Annual Report : ' , )4891( 152. 642 : ' , " " 742 )( 065; , )(, 606.

]651[

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, , , . 942 , 052, . , , , , . , . 152 . 252 .' ', " " 91)3( 842 572. " )'( 36/008 ' , " 192: 942 . , , . , , , , , . , . )(. , - . '' : ) (Mellaril , . )(, . - : 7)3( The 1 .Malpractice Reporter ' , ' , " " )( 682. 052 ' , " " )( 152 076. ' , " " )( 884. , . 252 B. Wang & H. Turndorf, Prevention of Medication Error New York StateJournal of Medicine (1981) 395; K. Barker & W. MaConnell, Detecting Errors in Hospitals 19 Am.J.Hosp.Pharm. (1962) 361; M. Safren & A. Chapanis, Critical 35 ;)1 Incident Study of Hospital Medication Errors 34 Hospitals (1960) 32 (part

]751[

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- , , , - )( 352. , - 452. . . - . "", , , , . . , , , , , . , 552.

2. ' , 264,62 652.2 .((part 352 )1791 ,.C. Morris & A. Moritz, Doctor and Patient and the Law (St. Louis, 5th ed 433. , : :E. Swartz, Products Liability & Manufacturers Responsibility for Defect or Negligently Designed Medical 843 )9691( ..Surgical Instruments 18 DePaul L.R , 31. 452 : ' ', " " )( 565. : - " ", ' , 13 )' 2891( 71. : B. Furrow, Iatrogenesis and Medical Error: The 4 .Case for Medical Malpractice 9(5) Law, Medicine & Health Care ' , " " 552 91)3( 772. 652 J. Porter & H. Jick, Drug-related Deaths Among Medical Inpatients 237 JAMA 978 )7791(.

]851[

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]951[

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752 898 )7791( .H. Rudolph & E. Jong, Drug Related Deaths 237 JAMA 852 7901 )4791( .J. Ballin, The ADR Numbers Game 229 JAMA ' ', " " 91)3( 952 572.

]061[

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3. , , : , , , 262.062 ,.M. Lesnik & B. Anderson, Nursing Practice and the Law (Philadelphia, 2nd ed 372 )2691. 162 J. Mardowitz et al., Nurses, Physicians and Pharmacists: Their Knowledge of 663 )1891( .Hazards of Medications 30(6) Nursing Research 262 G. Annas, L. Glantz & B. Katz, The Rights of Doctors, Nurses and Allied Health 53 )1891 ,.Professionals (Cambridge

- : Resolution AP(92)1, adopted by the Committee of Ministers on .19 October 1992, at the 482nd meeting of the Ministers Deputies , , . , , - . , . : ,anti-histamines: -barbiturates, narcotic analgesics, reserpine anti :hypertensive agents, tricyclic anti-depressants ; . Ephedrine sympathomimetics : , . :hexachlorophane , . :boric acid , . ) (: - . .

]161[

" nevo.co.il

, , . - . . , . , , . "". , , 362.

4. , . , , . , , . : . :phenacetin . :phenacetive derivatives , . :paracetamol , . :pyrazole derivatives , . . :acetylsalicylic acid , . : . . . :tetracyclines . . :sympathomimetic amies . :inhibitors of angiotensine conversion enzyme . . ' , )3791( 16.

362 )6(1 W. Rolins, What Nurses Should Know About Administering New Drugs 1 )0891( .Nursing Law & Ethics

]261[

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462 . . , , 000,005 . - . - , : .Washington State Physicians Insurance Exchange and Association v 3991 ,..(Fisons Corporation, 858 P. 2d 1054 (Wash : 31)5( 3 .The Malpractice Reporter

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. 913 915 ..Mitchell v. Dixon [1914] App.Div 023 0691( 11 .(Mitchell v. Robinson, 334 S.W. 2d 123 303 ..Hunter v. Hanley [1954] S.L.T 223 1591( 731 .(General Benevolent Assn v. East Fowler, 210 Miss. 578, 50 S. 2d

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]591[

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]691[

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]991[

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. , , , . , . . , , - . , , 583. . , . . . , . , 683. . 783. . , , . - . - , , 583 322 ..Anderson v. Chasney [1949] 4 D.L.R. 71, [1950] 4 D.L.R 683 5591.7.51 :.(Urry v. Bierer, The Times, Mar. 16th 1955 (appeal 783 7001 ..Davis v. Keer, 86 A

]002[

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, 093. . , . , , . , , , 193. : , , 293. , , . . 393. . . , . , , , . , . , , 493. . , . , . , , , , , 593.093 2691( 629 .(French v. Fischer, 50 Tenn. App. 587, 362 S.W. 2d 5391( 047 :(Armstrong v. Wallace, 8 Cal. App. 2d 429, 37 P. 2d 467, 47 P. 2d - . 193 2891 ,..(Truhitte v. French Hospital, 180 Cal. Rptr. 152 (Cal. App 293 6591 ,..(Landsberg v. Kolodny, 302 P. 2d 86 (Cal. App 393 8591( .(Schildmann v. Bellucci 833 ,..Morris & Moritz, ibid 493 5491( 841 .(Fritz v. Horsfall, 24 Wash. 2d 14, 163 P. 2d 593 3591( 733 .(Worster v. Caylor, 231 Ind. 625, 110 N.E. 2d

]202[

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]302[

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9. . . . . , , . , . . : " 47.3.72, 47.5.21, 7 . , ,004 273 . :Gloning v. Miller [1954] 1 D.L.R 51 " , . 104 6591( 905 .(Leonard v. Watsonville Community Hospital, 47 Cal. 2d 204 .McLaughlin v. Rush-Presbyterian St. Lukes Medical Center, 386 N.E. 2d 334 (Ill 9791 ,..(App 304 7791 ,..(City of Somerset v. Hart, 549 S.W. 2d 814 (Ky 404 2791 ,..(Tramutola v. Bortone, 288 A. 2d 863 (N.J. Super 504 9691( 32 .(Flanagan v. Mount Eden Gen. Hosp., 301 N.Y.S. 2d 604 .(.Hutchinson v. Robert [1935] O.W.N. 314 (Ont. C.A 704 307 . :Radclyffe v. Rennie [1965] S.C.R 4491 9591. 9691 ,. :(Clinard v. Pennengton, 438 SW. 2d 748 (Tenn. App .

]402[

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]502[

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114 43 )2891( .Medical Defense Union, Annual Report 214 231 )1791( .J. Horsley, Malpractice Hazards in Cardiology :(.Andree v. Pierce (1985) 35 Man.R. 2d 244 (Q.B . 614 .:Clark v. MacLennan [1983] 1 All E.R .

]802[

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