Cap I Estructuras Primarias - Sedimentarias & Igneas
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Transcript of Cap I Estructuras Primarias - Sedimentarias & Igneas
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Capítulo ILas Estructuras Primarias
1. Las estructuras sedimentarias2. Las estructuras ígneas
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PROPIEDADES FUNDAMENTALESPROPIEDADES FUNDAMENTALES• Composición
Caliza clo-ep-cac(Si4O10)Al2[OH]2 Na2O = 3.4%
• EdadAaleniano 24.3± 5 Ma
Pre-Andino Late Miocene
• EstructuraEstratificado Intrusivo Cabalgante
Erosionado Fluidal Pipe
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ESTRUCTURAESTRUCTURAArreglo espacial de los materiales terrestresArreglo espacial de los materiales terrestres
Relación directa con la geometría
Se adquiere por distintos procesos: Sedimentarios, ígneos, metamórficos, tectónicos o sus combinaciones Ellos crean las estructuras geológicas
Pasemos revista a las más relevantes a nuestro interés
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ESTRUCTURAS SEDIMENTARIASESTRUCTURAS SEDIMENTARIAS
Formadas por procesos sedimentarios y diagenéticos. Ellas son frecuentemente útiles para determinar la posición normal (original) de los estratos.
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- Estructuras pre-depósito.-Marcas de erosión en la base de un banco, sobre el banco inferior:
• Canales• Pistas de animales• Scour marks• Flute casts• Tool marks: Bounce, skip, groove, roll, prod, brush,
etc.
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Canal en sección
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Pisadas
Artrópodos
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Flute casts
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Chevron marks Roll marks
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Estructuras sin-sedimentarias.Tienen origen hidrodinámico y están asociadas a la granulometría, intensidad y dirección de la corriente, y profundidad.
Las principales son:• Laminaciones paralelas• Estratificación gradada normal
(secuencia grano-creciente)• Estratificación cruzada planar
o de surco (tabular or trough cross-bedding)
• Estratificación cruzada ondulada (hummocky cross-bedding)
• Ripple marks (rizaduras)• Estratificación flaser y lenticular• Imbricación de cantos
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Estratificación paralela
Parallel bedding
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Estratificación gradada normal (grano-decreciente)
Graded bedding
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¿ ?
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Estratificación cruzada planar Parallel cross bedding
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Estratificación cruzada de surco
Trough cross bedding
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Estratificación cruzada ondulada
Hummocky cross bedding
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Ripple marks
Rizaduras
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Estratificación flaser
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Estratificación lenticular
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Estratificación ondulada (wavy)
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Flaser
Ondulada wavy
Lenticular
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Imbricación Imbrication
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Estructuras post-depósito.-
Formadas durante la diagénesis temprana
Huellas de carga (load casts)Laminación convoluta (Slumps)Grietas de desecación (mud cracks)Bird eyesAlfombra algar (algal mat) con sheet cracksBioturbación
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Load casts Huellas de carga
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Estratificación convoluta
Convolute bedding
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ESTRUCTURAS ESTRUCTURAS ÍÍGNEASGNEASSon creadas durante los procesos plutónicos y volcánicos, que incluyen eventos de intrusión, extrusión, efusión y explosiones diversas
- Intrusivas• Batolitos Lacolitos Lopolitos• Diques Sills Pipes
- Extrusivas, efusivas y explosivas• Aparatos volcánicos Domos Cuellos (necks)• Diatremas Anillo de tobas (tuff ring)
• Mantos de flujos lávicos, piroclásticos o de sedimentos volcanogénicos(lava flow sheets, pyroclastic flow and fall sheets, base surges, ignimbrites, lahars)
• Coladas de flujos lávicos, piroclásticos o de sedimentos volcanogénicos
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Diques y sills
Dykes & sills
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Bear Butte laccolith - Canada
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Mont Edziza –BC Canada
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Meseta basaltica Basaltic plateau
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Flujos piroclásticos
Pyroclastic flow sheet
Ignimbritas
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CalderaCrater Lake
Maar & tuff ring
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Diatremas
Diatremes