Can you hear us? - UK Data Service · Can you hear us? If Not: ... Bangladeshi 950 176 1,126 ......

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Introduction to data on

ethnicity

Deborah Wiltshire, UK Data Service

Alita Nandi, Institute for Social and Economic Research

19 November 2015

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If Not:

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Overview

• Ethnicity in social surveys

• Searching for data on ethnicity

• Understanding Society

• Supporting documentation and

useful resources

• Accessing Understanding

Society data

• Further help

• Questions?

Introduction to data on ethnicity 19th November 2015

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Ethnicity

• Collective identity

• An important element of the social world

• A key area of interest

• Included in many social surveys

• Information includes:

• Ethnic identity

• Country of birth

• Nationality

• Parents country of birth

• Religion

Using the UK Data Service to find data on

ethnicity

• A single point of access to a wide

range of secondary social

science data

• Enables you to search for

ethnicity data

• Offers support, training and

guidance

• http://ukdataservice.ac.uk/use-

data/tutorials

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UK Data Service

http://www.ukdataservice.ac.uk

Searching for data on ethnicity

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Data By Theme page (1)

• Many different

themes available

• We add new themes

periodically

• Currently working on

a new theme “Poverty

and Social Exclusion”

• Can be a

complimentary area

of interest in ethnicity

research


• Can see 4 tabs

• Each contain useful

links and information

• Discover tab

• Includes links to our

search tools

• Discover search tool

• Browse case studies

• HASSET thesaurus

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• Research tab

• Can browse existing

studies using

Understanding

Society

• Can be helpful to

see what research

has been done

already

• Can see how the

data has been used


• Resources tab

• Links to our

resources

• Including our

practical guides

• Also can access our

teaching datasets

• Also contains links

to external

resources/websites

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Data By Theme page (5)• Key Data tab

• Links to key studies

which contain data

on ethnicity

• Not an exhaustive list

• You can find other

studies via Discover

• Click on the survey

name to access the

data and

documentation

Ethnicity Research using Understanding Society

Institute for Social and Economic ResearchUniversity of Essex

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Understanding Society The UK Longitudinal Household Study (UKHLS)

• Started in 2009-10 with a sample of around 30,000

UK households

• Household survey

• Longitudinal survey

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What happens when people move, households change?

• But what happens when individuals move?

• We follow them as long as they are still living in UK

(including to institutions)

• with some exceptions

– we don’t interview them in places it is difficult to get

access to, e.g., prisons

– we also do not follow Temporary Sample Members

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Who is interviewed each year?

Wave 1: Understanding sampled household – all Original Sample Members

(OSM)

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Household A


Wave 1: Understanding sampled household – all Original Sample Members (OSM)

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Wave 2: One household member moves out and forms new household

Household A

Household B Household C

Temporary Sample Member (TSM)

Interviewed because living with an

OSM

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Wave 1: Understanding sampled household – all OSMs

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Wave 2: One household member moves out and forms new household

Wave 3: One household member separates from temporary sample member

Household A

Household B Household C

Household D Household E Household F

TSM interviewed because living

with an OSM

TSM NOT interviewed

because NOT living with

OSM

Who provides the information?

• household & enumeration grid

– answered by any adult at the doorstep

• household questionnaire

– answered by an adult household member who

knows about the household

• Individual adult questionnaires: face-to-face and self-

completion questionnaires

– answered by adults (16+ years) in the household

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Who provides the information?

• Proxy questionnaire

– answered by spouse or adult child of a respondent

if respondent not available for interview

– shorter than the face-to-face individual

questionnaire, consists of factual questions but not

subjective attitudinal questions

• youth self-completion questionnaire

– answered by10-15 year olds in the household

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Why Understanding Society for ethnicity research?

• It is the only longitudinal survey for ethnicity related

research in UK

• It is a multidisciplinary multi-topic survey with

Ethnicity as one of its priority areas

• It includes an Ethnic Minority Boost Sample (EMBS)

a new Immigrant and Ethnic Minority Boost sample to be added

in wave 6

• An Extra Five Minutes of question time is set aside

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Multi-disciplinary content

Key Topics: significant research domains

• Education

• Employment

• Family and household

• Health, health behaviours, wellbeing

• Income, housing, wealth, expenditure & deprivation

• Attitudes, values and beliefs

• AND ETHNICITY

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Ethnicity is one of the priority areas

• Measures of ethnicity

– Census ethnic group

– Own country of birth and year of arrival to UK

– Parents, grand parents countries of birth

– Religion

– Childhood language

• Questions related to ethnicity

– Ethnic Identity

– Britishness

– Social and friendship networks, their ethnic

compositions

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Ethnicity related research

• Are migrants more likely to be over-qualified? If so,

are migrants from specific countries more

vulnerable?

• Are income, poverty persistence and material

deprivation different across ethnic groups? What

explains the difference? Does social network and

English language ability matter?

• Is there an ethnic wage penalty? Does that decrease

across generations? Is it a consequence of some

ethnic minorities concentrated in low paying jobs?

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What proportion of people living in UK in 2009/10 when Understanding Society started were born outside of the UK?

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Sample design

• General population sample (GPS): nationally

representative sample of 26,000 households

• Ethnic minority boost sample (EMBS): 4,000

households with individuals from ethnic minority

backgrounds from high ethnic minority concentration

areas

• For ethnicity related research, both samples need

to be used together for complete coverage of

ethnic groups

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Screening question

• At the doorstep interviewer asked “Does anyone living at

this address come from, or have parents or grandparents

from any of the following ethnic groups?”

• The response categories were:

Indian, Mixed Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Sri Lankan,

Caribbean/West Indian, Mixed Caribbean/West Indian,

North African, Black African, African Asian, Chinese, Far

Eastern, Turkish, Middle Eastern / Iranian AND None of

these

• Addresses at which at least one of these categories other

than “none of these” was selected had a positive (but

different) selection probability 28

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Individual interviews in Wave 1by ethnic groups

EMBS GPS Total

black African 925 480 1405

black Caribbean 770 349 1,119

Bangladeshi 950 176 1,126

Indian 1079 818 1,897

Pakistani 940 495 1,435

Five target ethnic groups 4664 2318 6,982

Arab 89 83 172

Chinese 191 127 318

Mixed 417 405 822

All ethnic minority groups 5,361 2,933 8,924

white British/English/Scottish/Welsh/Northern Irish 513 35,368 35,881

white Irish 22 698 717

Any other white background 125 1,253 1,378

Other ethnic groups 653 755 1,408

Total 6674 41,004 47,678 29

Extra five minutes of question

Main

questionnaire

X5min

questions

Ethnic Minority Boost Sample Yes Yes

GPS – A random sub-sample of 500 households

(GP Comparison Sample)

Yes Yes

GPS - Ethnic minority individuals living in low ethnic

minority concentration areas

(Low Density Area sample)

Yes Yes

GPS – Rest of the households Yes NO

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• These questions are asked of a sub-sample only

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Extra five minutes questions

• Extra five minutes questions: some examples

– Remittance behaviour

– Experiences of harassment

– Migration history

– Ethnic identity

– Discrimination

– Importance of religion, religious practice

– Ethnic composition of friends and co-

workers

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For more information

• Ethnicity User Guide:

https://www.understandingsociety.ac.uk/documentati

on/mainstage/user-guides

• Long term content plan:


on/mainstage/long-term-content-plan

• Online dataset documentation:


on/mainstage/dataset-documentation

• Questionnaires:


on/mainstage/questionnaires32

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What percentage of UK residents in 2009/10 sent or gave money to anyone in a country outside the UK in the past 12 months?

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????????

There is more!

• Geographical locators are provided

• School codes are provided

• Survey data linked to the National Pupil Database

(for England only)

• Access to these data generally require additional

permissions – available under special or secure

license only

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There is more!

• The large sample spread across the whole of UK allows

regional level analysis and analysis of minority populations

such as single parents, people with disability

• Health and biomarkers were collected by nurses from a

sub-sample – See Health Assessment and Biomarker

User Guides for further details

• the British Household Panel Survey sample was added in

2010 (2nd wave of Understanding Society) allowing analysis

of a very long panel

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There is more!

• the British Household Panel Survey

– Longitudinal household survey that started in 1991 with a

sample 5,500 households from Great Britain

– In 1999 the Welsh and Scottish boost samples were added

and in 2000 Northern Irish boost sample was added

– Annual interviews continued until 2008

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DATA STRUCTUREUnderstanding Society: the UK Household Longitudinal Study

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Data structure

• Data is collected at different levels: adults,

young persons and household

• Data is collected at every wave

• This is how the data is made available:

– each type of data based on the source is available as a

separate file

– For each wave, there is one such set of files

– Linking variables are also provided to match these files

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Naming convention to make this easy to follow

• Same type of data file will always have the same root

name

• A letter wave prefix allows you to identify the wave:

a_ is for wave 1, b_ for wave 2 and so on. E.g., the

indresp file is called a_indresp in wave 1, b_indresp in

wave 2 and so on

• The same naming convention applies to variables.

E.g., the age variable is a_dvage in wave 1, b_dvage

in wave 2

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More about the data

• Missing data: these are given a negative value

- 9: Missing

- 8: Valid skip

- 7: Proxy respondent

- 2: Refuse

- 1: Don’t Know

• Imputed data: For some variables, e.g., income, missing

components are imputed; Imputation flags are provided.

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More about the data

• Derived variables:

– family identifiers: father, mother, partner identifiers

– Summary variables: number of children in the household, household size

– Summary scores for question modules such as GHQ, Big Five personality traits, SF-12, SDQ, BMI

– Variables computed after consistency checks – always preferred to the raw unchecked versions

• Derived Variable names generally have a suffix _dv

and are placed towards the end of the data files.

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Weights

• Unequal selection probability and Non-response/attrition

�� population estimates based on this sample may be biased

if the variable of interest varies across the groups

• Weighted estimates eliminate this bias as the weights are

designed to reduce the impact of those who are over-

represented in the sample.

• Different weight variables are provided – each is

appropriate for a different analysis…. See USER GUIDE

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Clustering and stratification

• Understanding Society sample has a clustered and

stratified sample design

• To correctly estimate the standard errors the design

should be taken into account

• Variables representing the clusters and strata are

provided.

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Weights and sample design

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Average monthly wages in UKEstimated mean and 95%

confidence interval

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Accessing Understanding Society data (1)

• Understanding Society

can be accessed via the

UK Data Service

• Can find the data via the

Data by Theme pages

• 3 versions of the data

• Different level of

detail/sensitivity in

the data

• Subject to different

access conditions

• Will focus on SN 6614

• Will give you access

to all data from

Waves 1-5

Accessing Understanding Society data (2)

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Data Catalogue Record (1)

• The Data catalogue

record includes a

wide range of

information

• Includes details of

fieldwork schedules

• Topics covered

• Different versions of

the data

• Sample design and

size

Data Catalogue Record (2)

• Includes a list of

accompanying

documentation

• Includes User Guide

• Technical reports

• Questionnaires

• And many others!

• Important to read at

least the User Guide

before starting to use

the data

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Useful Documentation: User Guide

Technical Reports

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Questionnaires

• Questionnaires arranged in modules

• Each module relates to a particular topic

• Contain information on each question:

• How was the question asked?

• Who was asked it?

• Does it depend on responses to previous questions?

Some example questions…

• Variable name:

What question is

called in the data

• Text: Exact

question wording

• Universe: Who

was asked the

question

• Shows only new

entrants were

asked about

National Identity

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Some example questions…

• Question on whether avoided specific places

• Part of Harassment module

• Multi-choice question –respondent can select more than one answer

• Universe shows that only those in the Ethnic Minority boost & comparison samples were asked this

Other documents…..

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ONLINE DOCUMENTATIONUnderstanding Society: the UK Household Longitudinal Study

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https://www.understandingsociety.ac.uk/

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Click here

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https://www.understandingsociety.ac.uk/documentation

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Click

here

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User guides

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Main User Guide

Ethnicity User Guide

Dataset documentation

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Dataset documentation

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Data file a_indresp

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Search: ethnic group

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Valid response categories

Frequency distribution

Missing values

Question wording

Variable name & label as in the data file

Variable name as in questionnaire

Waves in which this is asked

Note: only asked of new entrants, so not a repeated question

Data file in which it appears

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Variable name & label as in the data file

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Variable name as in questionnaire

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Question wording

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Data file in which it appears

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Valid response categories

Frequency distribution

Missing values

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Waves in which this is asked

Note: only asked of new entrants, so not a repeated question

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Click here

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Start using the data

• Look at the user guide

• Attend our training workshops – online and hands-

on lab based workshops

• For more information see


on/training

• These courses are free to attend/sign up

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User Support forum

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Further resources: UK Data Service

• ‘How to’ guides found via Discover

• Video tutorials: http://ukdataservice.ac.uk/use-

data/tutorials.aspx

• Workshops and user meetings (check our news and

events pages)

• Got a query? See our help pages and FAQs

• Contact us: http://ukdataservice.ac.uk/about-

us/contact.aspx

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Get connected

• https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/cgi-

bin/webadmin?A0=UKdataservice

• https://twitter.com/UKDataService

• https://www.facebook.com/UKDataService

• https://twitter.com/usociety

• https://www.facebook.com/Understanding-Society-UK-

Household-Longitudinal-Study-109337595901049/

Questions

ukdataservice.ac.uk/help/

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Can you hear us? - UK Data Service · Can you hear us? If Not: ... Bangladeshi 950 176 1,126 ......

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