Calidad Seminal
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Transcript of Calidad Seminal
![Page 1: Calidad Seminal](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022012403/5536ed28550346f8658b4b66/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
CALIDAD SEMINAL
Instituto de Reproducción Animal Córdoba
(IRAC)
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EFICIENCIA DEL TORO
• Cantidad de terneros que produzca
• Tiempos de producción
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PERDIDAS POTENCIALES Y REALES DE
TERNEROS (sobre 34.345 vientres en
Argentina) Tribulo, H 1979
• Concepción hasta 60 días…………... 19.8 %
• Gestación…………………………..…… 4.3 %
• Periparto………………………..………. 1.8 %
• Ternero al pie………………….………. 3.4 %
Total…..………...….. 29.3 %
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Pérdidas reproductivas en 14701 vacas en 4 localidades de USA - Wiltbank, 1983
• Vacías 14.6%
• Abortos 3.2%
• Distocia y pérdidas neonatales 9.6%
• Pérdidas predestete 0.75%
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Predicción de fertilidad
• No es posible hacerla con un
parámetro aislado
• La capacidad de producir terneros
de un toro esta basada en la
sumatoria de los parámetros
físicos, sanitarios y de
comportamiento junto a la calidad
de su semen
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PARÁMETROS PARA
EVALUARLO
• Condición física
• Salud
• Capacidad de servicio
• Calidad del semen
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Calidad Seminal
- Motilidad Masal
- Motilidad individual y progresiva
% y Vigor
- Morfología
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RELACION ENTRE CALIDAD
DEL SEMEN Y FERTILIDAD DE
TOROS
Williams y Savage (1925)
Lagerlof (1934)
Blom (1977)
Barth (1989)
Mcgowan (1999)
Fitzpatrick (2001)
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Evaluación de la aptitud
reproductiva sobre 10.940 toros Caroll 1963
• 20,7 % descarte
• 11,8 % calidad seminal cuestionable
• 4,9 % calidad seminal insatisfactorio
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Estudios de evaluación de
968 toros en WCVM Canada Barth 1997
• Semen satisfactorio 761 78.6 %
• Semen cuestionable 110 11.4 %
• Semen Insatisfactorio 95 9.9 %
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Evaluación de 209 toros menores de
2 años en Alberta CanadaCoulter 1987
• Satisfactorio 72,2 %
• Cuestionables 12,0 %
• Insatisfactorio 15,8 %
Cuestionables e Insatisfactorios
Libido y capacidad de servicio 15,8
Examen fisico 3,8
Tamaño testicular 6,2
Mala calidad seminal 14,4
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Evaluación y motivos de descarte en 2.222
toros de la region chaqueña ArgentinaTribulo 2003
• Satisfactorio 1694 76,2 %
• Cuestionable 200 9,0 %
• Insatisfactorio 328 14,8 %
Motivos de descarte
Examen físico: testiculos y epididimos 40,5 %
aplomos y patas 25,0 %
pene y prepucio 16,0 %
Habilidad y capacidad de servicio 8,5 %
Calidad seminal 10,0 %
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Espermatozoides normales
en el sitio de fecundacion
• Capacidad reproductiva disminuida-(Libido-dominancia)
• Habilidad copulatoria dañada-(prepucio-pene-patas)
• Elevada relación macho/hembra
• Elevada dispersión del rodeo
• Mala calidad seminal (permanente o temporaria)
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Es muy complicado evaluar la
calidad del semen ???
Es difícil obtener un eyaculado para evaluar ??????
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Instalaciones
Casilla de operar segura
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Material
ELECTROEYACULADOR
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Semen colectado con vagina
artificial vs electroeyaculación
Hipótesis:
Los parametros de calidad seminal
CASA del semen colectado por Vagina
Artificial son similares al colectado con
ElectroEyaculación
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MATERIALES Y METODOS
Se evaluaron 762 eyaculados colectados con Vagina
Artificial y 125 eyaculados de Electroeyaculación
Diluyente comercial (Andromed, Minitub, Alemania).
El promedio y el desvio estandard de cada
característica fueron estadísticamente analizados
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Resultados
VA
fresco
EE
fresco
Conc. (sp/ml) 1067,1 789,2
% mot 73.9 70.0
VAP (µm/s) 122.3 123.8
VSL (µm/s) 100.1 100.8
ALH (µm) 7.8 8.2
BCF (%) 33.1 31.6
STR (%) 80.9 81.0
% Rapid 67.4 64.7
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CONCLUSIONES
El semen colectado por medio de EE posee
las mismas caracteristicas de motilidad que el
colectado con Vagina Artificial
Los parámetros de motilidad espermática no
fuero diferentes, en VAP, VSL, ALH, BCF,
STR y % de Rapid.
Se encontró una diferencia significativa en la
concentración espermática.
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Material
BAÑO MARÍA
MICROSCOPIO
- buena calidad
PLATINA TÉRMICA
DESCARTABLES
- tubos
- portaobjetos
- cubreobjetos
- papel, gasa
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• Planillas !!!!!!!!
Material
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Colección por Electroeyaculación
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Colección por Electroeyaculación
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La muestra debe ser protegida El porta debe estar sobre la platina
El colorante sobre la platina Siempre anotar
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1 2 3
4
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Densidad y Volumen
• Muy Buena (MB) • Apariencia Granulosa con 750 a 1000 millones por ml.
• Buena (B)• Opaco, lechoso con 400 a 750 millones por ml.
• Regular (R) • Como leche aguada con 250 a 400 millones por ml.
• Mala (M)• Translucido u Acuoso con menos de 250 millones por ml.
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Motilidad Masal
• Muy Buena (MB) • movimiento vigoroso en remolinos
• Buena (B) • remolinos mas lentos y ondas
• Regular (R) • sin remolinos pero con ondas generalizadas
• Mala (M) • escasa o ninguna motilidad
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Motilidad Individual
• Muy Buena (MB) • 80 a 100 % de celulas moviles
• Buena (B) • 60 a 80 % de celulas moviles
• Regular (R ) • 40 a 60 % de celulas moviles
• Mala (M) • < de 40 % de celulas moviles
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Morfologia
• Semen satisfactorio
– Mas de 70 % de espermatozoides normales
– < 20 % anormalidades de nucleo
– < 25 % anormalidades de acrosoma y cola
• Semen cuestionable
– Menos de 70 % de espermatoziodes normales
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Morfología Espermática
• Eosina-nigrosina
• Evaluación a 1000X
• 100 – 300 cel.
contabilizadas
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Controlar al realizar el extendido
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CLASIFICACION DE LAS
ANORMALIDADES
ESPERMATICAS
• Milanov -- primarias y secundarias
• Blum – defectos mayores y menores
• Saake – Compensables y no
compensables
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Compensable
No compensable
Normal – bloqueo reacción de
zona
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Espermatozoide normal
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ESPERMATOZOIDES
NORMALES
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MICROCEFALIA Y
MACROCEFALIA
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CABEZAS PIRIFORMES
Y ANGOSTAS
Defecto de espermatogénesis
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Pyriform Heads
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32W
Cabezas piriformes
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Cabezas piriformes
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Criterios para determinar defectos de
cabezas piriformes
• Obvia forma de pera
• Pequeñas y angostas
• La mayoria de los espermatozoides de forma normal
• Otros signos de disturbios en la espermatogenesis
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DEFECTO DIADEMA
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Defecto Diadema
Eosin nigrosin stain Feulgen stain
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Infertility in a Simmental bull with
>80% Diadem sperm Miller, 1982
• Natural service 2/42 pregnant = 5%
• Artificial Insemination 15/180 pregnant = 8%
• Superovulation 23/123 fertilized = 18%
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The Diadem defect in a Charolais bull
2-yr-old: Satisf. BSE, good breeder, 30 females
many returns to estrus, added 2nd bull
3-yr-old: Satisf. BSE, 5/7 cows bred returned to
estrus, added 2nd bull
4-yr-old: Satisf. BSE, semen excellent
Semen sent to WCVM
62% diadem sperm
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VACUOLAS NUCLEARES
Defecto producidos durante el proceso de formación de la cabeza
y condensación del DNA
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CONDENSACION ANORMAL
DEL DNA
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Large Confluent vacuoles
Shorthorn bull with 45% large vacuoles
AI’d 80 cows, 20% pregnant
2 years later - no change in sperm morphology
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Large confluent vacuoles in the acrosomal region
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Single vacuoles
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DEFECTOS DE ACROSOMA
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DEFECTOS DE ACROSOMA
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The Knobbed Sperm Defect
Case #1
May: 16 mo-old Charolais, SC 30 cm, BSE
Satisf, with 36 purebred cows for 105 days
November: Pregnancy test = 47% pregnant
December: SC = 32 cm, semen good conc. & motility
76% Knobbed Sperm
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Defecto Knobbed de Acrosoma
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Case #2
• Untested Hereford used in multi-sire breeding
for 2 years, good calf crops, sold to neighbour
• Placed alone with 50 cows for 90 days
• November pregnancy test: 8 pregnant
• BSE: SC = 34 cm, semen good concentration,
good motility, 77% Knobbed Sperm
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Beaded form of KnobbedAcrosome
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Knobbed Acrosome
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SINDROME DE CABEZA
PLEGADA-CRESTA NUCLEAR-
CABEZA GIGANTE
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PIEZA MEDIA DISTAL
DOBLADA
Defecto generado en el epidídimo
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Pieza media doblada
Con gota citolasmatica
Pieza media y cola
arrollada
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APLASIA SEGMENTARIA DE
LA PIEZA INTERMEDIA Y DEFECTOS DE
LA VAINA MITOCONDRIAL
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GOTA CITOPLASMATICA
PROXIMAL
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Proximal Droplet
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Farmers Report:
A.I. with 2 freeze dates from one yearling
Charolais bull with proximal droplets
Farm #1. 38% Prox Dropl, normal morphology,
good viability, 24 x 106 per dose
1/10 pregnant, 2 SPO cows, both 14 UFO
(Different semen = 70% conception rate)
Farm #2 50% Prox Dropl, normal morphology,
good viability, 35 x 106 per dose
1/14 pregnant to first service
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First service pregnancy rate
2-yr-old Red Angus bull with 70% proximal droplets
vs. control bulls
Red Angus 2/29 = 17.2%
Charolais Control 19/27 = 70.4%
Hereford Control 22/27 = 81.5%
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GOTA CITOPLASMATICA
DISTAL
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16-mo-old Simmental bull presented
for an insurance exam May 29
• Physically normal, SC = 36 cm
• Semen good density, 80% motile sperm
Heads Midp Detached Hd Prox Dp Distal Dp Normal
0 6 3 3 51 (37)
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2nd ejaculate 2 hours later the same day
1% distal droplets
The bull was used to breed
38 purebred cows in 90 days
87% pregnant
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CABEZAS SUELTAS
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ESPERMATOZOIDES
DECAPITADOS
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FORMAS TERATOIDES
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COLAS
ABAXIALES
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COLAS MULTIPLES
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DEFECTO “DAG”
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COLA CORTA O
“STUMP TAIL DEFFECT”
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The Tail Stump defect in a Charolais bull
April Satisfactory BSE at 14 mo-of-age
May - Sept With 28 cows
November Pregnancy test - zero pregnant
December SC = 37
Semen fair concentration
91% Tail Stump defect
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PIEZA
PRINCIPAL
DOBLADA
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PIEZAS INTERMEDIAS ARQUEADAS
Asociado a la tinción
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SHOCK HIPOTONICO
Exposición prolongada a la eosina-nigrosina
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CELULAS MEDUSA
Disturbios severos de la espermatogénesis
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GLOBULOS BLANCOS
Asociado con problemas inflamatorios
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Vacuoles
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3-yr-old Hereford bull apparently fertile in previous year
April Vet #1 - a good sample - no microscopy!
May 1 Bull placed with 20 cows, many returns to estrus
May 30 Vet #2 - good sample, microscopy, normal semen
no further use of bull
June 20 Vet. College - 8 mL very concentrated semen,
most sperm dead
Accumulation of senescent sperm
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Acumulacion espermática
5 muestras por electroeyaculacion en 5 minutos
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Caracteristicas de la acumulacion espermatica
• No es un problema de la espermatogenesis
• Es un problema de transporte del semen
• 20-50 ml de conc. semen en una electroeyaculacion
• Morfologia normal
• Muchas cabezas sueltas
• Generalmente todos los espermatozoides estan muertos
• Eyaculaciones frecuentes durante 1 semana resultan en un
retorno a una normal viabilidad espermatica
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Effect of sperm accumulation on fertility
• Bulls placed with 30 heifers in pens for 21 days
• Observations 4 h daily, chin ball paint markers
• Pregnancy tested by ultrasonography
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Charolais bull history (The Edge)
Date of birth February 4
November 25 Purchased at Agribition for $56,000
Jan - April AI center (11-15 m0-of-age)
Scrot. Circ. = 38 cm
40-45% head defects (many pyriform)
31-59% prox. Droplets
46-55% normal
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Summary of examinations over 15 months
(The Edge)
% Normal Sperm 4 - 48%
% Heads defects 22 - 90%
% Proximal droplets 18 - 66%
Used in SPO experiment
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Results of SPO Trial
Heads Midpiece Loose Hds Prox Drop Normal
Defects (%) 11 4 18 12 55
(post thaw viability OK, )
Total Embryos % Fertilized
The Edge 115 22.6%
Control 176 66.5%
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32W
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Dag defect
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Reflex midpiece
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PROTEINAS PLASMATICAS
• Fitzpatrick (2001)
(no encontró correlación entre proteínas
en semen y fertilidad en toros)
• Sullivan (2004)
(encontró una correlación entre la P25b-
en semen congelado y el índice NRR)
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Evaluación de Calidad Seminal.
Toros Angus. Prueba del Río V.
• Toros aptos física y sanitariamente.
• Edad de los toros: ~2 años.
• La evaluación se realiza ~30 días previos a la venta:
– Se extrae semen mediante electroeyaculador y se evalúa su calidad.
• Número de toros evaluados:– Año 2003: 53 toros
– Año 2004: 57 toros
– Año 2005: 60 toros
– Año 2006: 73 toros
– Año 2007: 80 toros
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Lugar de Trabajo…
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Porcentaje de toros por debajo del 70% o
50% de espermatozoides normales
Chesta et al; 2007
9,4
1,9
7,0
0,0
10,0
1,7
9,6
4,1
11,3
2,5
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
< 70% < 50%
Año 2003 Año 2004 Año 2005 Año 2006 Año 2007
9,6%
2,2%
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CONCLUSIÓN
• A pesar que los toros son aceptados física
y sanitariamente, existe un porcentaje de
estos (9,6%) que están por debajo del
70% de espermatozoides normales.
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CONCLUSIONES
• Es importante y sencillo incorporar al examen de rutina de toros el análisis de calidad seminal, sobretodo de morfología.
• No dejar de realizar el examen físico y la habilidad y capacidad de servicio
• Debemos seguir estudiando la participación de las proteínas del semen en la fertilidad de los toros